CN101507455B - 一种低氟边销茶的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种低氟边销茶的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN101507455B
CN101507455B CN2009100582995A CN200910058299A CN101507455B CN 101507455 B CN101507455 B CN 101507455B CN 2009100582995 A CN2009100582995 A CN 2009100582995A CN 200910058299 A CN200910058299 A CN 200910058299A CN 101507455 B CN101507455 B CN 101507455B
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CN101507455A (zh
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邓小林
李华
张志�
谢家勇
李珠
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YIBIN CITY FOREIGN TRADE JINYE TEA INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的是提供一种通过对原料进行常温水水浸泡，析出氟离子后制成低氟边销茶的生产方法；将毛茶置于浸泡池中，加入常温生活用水并保持水体流动，浸泡后捞出，以传统后续工艺制成成品低氟边销茶；通过实施本发明，能有效降低边销茶中氟的含量，不影响边销茶固有的风味，在浸泡析出氟的同时，茶叶中对人体有害的重金属离子，也会同时析出，进一步提高了茶叶的安全性，在降氟过程中，不添加任何化工原料，与热水浸泡方法相比，本发明工艺简单、成本低。

Description

一种低氟边销茶的生产方法
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种低氟茶叶的生产方法，具体说是一种低氟边销茶的生产方法。
背景技术
边销茶又名边茶或砖茶，是用各种毛茶经过筛、扇、切等过程，制成半成品；再经过高温汽蒸压成砖型或其他类型的茶块，砖茶以毛茶为原料，经发酵和发花工艺产生冠突曲霉，独具菌花香，长期饮用，能帮助消化，促进新陈代谢，对人体有一定的保健和病理预防作用。因砖茶主要销售地为我国少数民族边区而得名边销茶。
茶树是一种富氟植物，能选择性地从自然界中吸收氟并在体内蓄积。氟主要积累在叶片中，叶龄越长，含量越高，嫩叶中含量较低，所以在茶叶生产中，以嫩叶为原料的绿茶和红茶氟含量低，而以老叶为主要原料的边销茶中，氟含量一直居高不下，超过国家安全标准，给消费者带来危害。
现在已知的茶叶降氟方法有将鲜叶以热水浸泡降低氟含量和在茶叶生产过程中添加钙盐两种，其中热水浸泡降低氟含量的方法虽然能较好的降低原料中的氟含量，但原料中的水浸出物(茶叶的有效成分，主要是茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱)也随之损失较多，会较大程度破坏茶叶的固有风味，尤其是以高温热水对原料进行长时间浸泡的方法更不可取，实际上相当于茶叶在出厂前已经被茶厂泡过一次，消费者得到的已经是二手茶，降氟是以牺牲茶叶品质作为交换代价的；而添加钙盐的方法，虽然钙离子和氟离子可以反应生成难溶于水的钙的氟化物，使氟含量在茶叶检测中达标，但钙的氟化物仍然会随茶水进入人体内，进入人体后，在人体消化系统复杂的化学环境下，钙的氟化物是否继续呈稳定状态，是否会分离出离子状态的氟，仍有待考证。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种通过对原料进行常温水浸泡，析出氟离子后制成低氟边销茶的生产方法，以弥补现有技术的不足。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：将毛茶或毛茶再加工过程中的在制品茶置于浸泡池中，加入常温(6-30摄氏度)水浸泡，并保持水体流动，流动水可以不断降低溶液中氟的浓度，有利于氟的快速析出，浸泡5-15分钟后捞出，以传统后续工艺制成成品低氟边销茶。
由于氟离子非常活跃，易较快析出在溶剂水中，而大分子的多酚类、氨基酸等有效成分析出较慢，在浸泡过程中，对茶叶的有效成分影响很小。
通过实施本发明，能有效降低边销茶中氟的含量，较好的保留茶叶有效成分，不影响边销茶固有的风味，在浸泡析出氟的同时，茶叶中对人体有害的重金属离子，也会同时析出，进一步提高了茶叶的安全性，在降氟过程中，不添加任何化工原料，与热水浸泡方法相比，本发明工艺简单、成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将100kg毛茶置于容积为2000升的浸泡池中，加入6摄氏度水，在浸泡过程中不断缓慢注入水，保持水体流动，流量保持在每分钟0.3-1升，浸泡5-15分钟后捞出，以传统后续工艺制成成品低氟边销茶。
6摄氏度水浸泡对氟含量及水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)的影响为：浸泡前测得氟含量为587mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为33.5％；浸泡5分钟后，测得氟含量为532mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为33.1％；浸泡10分钟后，测得氟含量为357mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为32.7％；浸泡15分钟后，测得氟含量为285mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为32.2％。
实施例2
将100kg再加工过程中的在制品茶置于容积为2000升的浸泡池中，加入15摄氏度水，在浸泡过程中不断缓慢注入水，保持水体流动，流量保持在每分钟0.3-1升，浸泡5-15分钟后捞出，以传统后续工艺制成成品低氟边销茶。
15摄氏度水浸泡对氟含量及水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)的影响为：浸泡前测得氟含量为585mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为33.8％；浸泡5分钟后，测得氟含量为528mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为30.0％；浸泡10分钟后，测得氟含量为351mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为24.5％；浸泡15分钟后，测得氟含量为280mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为20.1％。
实施例3
将100kg毛茶置于容积为2000升的浸泡池中，加入30摄氏度水，在浸泡过程中不断缓慢注入水，保持水体流动，流量保持在每分钟0.3-1升，浸泡5-15分钟后捞出，以传统后续工艺制成成品低氟边销茶。
30摄氏度水浸泡对氟含量及水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)的影响为：浸泡前测得氟含量为602mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为33.7％；浸泡5分钟后，测得氟含量为509mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为28.6％；浸泡10分钟后，测得氟含量为312mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为23.4％；浸泡15分钟后，测得氟含量为268mg/kg，水浸出物(茶叶有效成分)为19.6％。
通过以上实施例可见，水温的变化对氟的析出影响不大，而随着水温的升高，茶叶有效成分的损失会有较大增长。

Claims (1)

1.一种低氟边销茶的生产方法，包括传统边销茶制作工艺，其特征是：在发酵前，将毛茶或毛茶再加工过程中的在制品茶置于浸泡池中，加入水浸泡，水温为6—30摄氏度，浸泡时间为5—15分钟，并在浸泡过程中不断注入水，保持水体流动，浸泡后捞出。
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CN103323406B (zh) * 2013-06-05 2016-01-20 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 一种茶树鲜叶氟含量无损快速确定方法
CN110150411A (zh) * 2019-04-26 2019-08-23 四川省疾病预防控制中心 一种低氟砖茶的制备方法
CN110403031B (zh) * 2019-08-30 2023-09-15 湖南省白沙溪茶厂股份有限公司 降氟揉茶机及降氟揉茶系统
CN110353058B (zh) * 2019-08-30 2021-08-06 湖南省白沙溪茶厂股份有限公司 一种降低茶叶氟含量的茶叶制备方法
CN111528307A (zh) * 2019-09-27 2020-08-14 谌缘美 一种低氟黑毛茶及其加工工艺
CN112616949A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-09 湖南安化芙蓉山茶业有限责任公司 一种边销茶及其制备方法

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