CN101506464A - 用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101506464A
CN101506464A CNA2007800307728A CN200780030772A CN101506464A CN 101506464 A CN101506464 A CN 101506464A CN A2007800307728 A CNA2007800307728 A CN A2007800307728A CN 200780030772 A CN200780030772 A CN 200780030772A CN 101506464 A CN101506464 A CN 101506464A
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G·A·伯内特
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Abstract

一种用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑物质的方法,所述方法包括步骤:将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物引入干燥器(13,130),利用干燥器(13,130)制造干切屑物质,和利用正压气动输送设备(14,170)将干切屑物质输送至包括切屑回注设备(CRI)的辅助设备(20,30)。

Description

用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑的方法和设备。
背景技术
在油井或气井结构中进行钻孔时,钻头布置在钻柱的端部,所述钻头旋转以钻出穿过地层的钻孔。称作“钻井泥浆”的钻井流体经由钻柱泵送到钻头以润滑钻头。钻井泥浆还用于将钻头产生的岩屑或其他固体物质通过形成于钻柱和钻孔之间的环状空间输送至地面。精确控制钻井泥浆的密度以防止钻孔挤毁和确保最佳地执行钻进操作。钻井泥浆的密度影响钻头的钻进速度。在可能挤毁钻孔时,通过调节钻井泥浆的密度可以改变钻进速度。钻井泥浆包含以昂贵合成油为基础的润滑剂,因此,通常回收和重复使用用过的钻井泥浆,但是这需要从钻井泥浆中去除固体物质。这通过对钻井流体进行处理来实现。处理的第一部分是从含固体物质的钻井泥浆中分离固体物质。这利用振动分离器至少部分地实现,所述分离器例如为US 5,265,730、WO96/33792和WO 98/16328中公开的泥浆振动筛。可以使用例如离心机和旋液分离器的其它处理设备进一步清洁固体泥浆。固体物质包含在污染物和残余物中。
对最终固体物质(称作“钻屑”)进行处理以从固体物质中去除大体上全部残余物和污染物。固体物质随后可以丢弃在地下掩埋场中或者在获得固体物质的环境中进行海洋倾泄。可选地,固体物质可以用作建筑工业中的材料或者具有其他工业用途。通过使用例如在公开号为WO 03/062591的我们公开未审的PCT申请中公开的方法在陆地上处理所述固体物质。这种处理设备可以布置在靠近油/气钻探设备的地方。可选地,处理设备可以位于远离海上采油平台的陆地上,或者与陆上钻探设备隔开一段距离。因此,固体物质从泥浆筛、离心机和旋液分离器的出口端输送到固体物质处理设备。在某些现有技术的系统中,油井钻屑存放在由起重机提升到供应船上的贮器、箕斗或岩屑箱中。可选地,这可以部分地通过使用泥浆槽进行,所述泥浆槽设置有传动螺杆以将湿固体物质输送到储存容器。我们公开未审的公开号为WO 03/021074的PCT申请中公开了这种系统。由泥浆振动筛处理过的钻屑可以含有重量比为大约10%到20%的水分(油、水),但是这可以显著改变。
在烃类油井钻进中使用的钻井泥浆(在本领域中同样已知)收集固体切屑和岩屑,如果流体要重复使用的话,必须去除所述固体切屑和岩屑。这些流体典型地为水基或油基流体。通常,具有各种添加剂的泥浆通过中空钻杆(管、钻环、钻头等)向下泵入井孔并且通过钻头中的孔流出。泥浆收集切屑、岩石或其它固体物质以及各种污染物(例如但不限于来自油井的原油、注水、盐和重金属),并且在位于钻井壁和钻柱之间的空间内携带它们向上远离钻头并流出油井。泥浆沿井孔向上泵送,在油井顶部,受污染的含固体物质的泥浆排放到例如泥浆振动筛,所述泥浆振动筛具有滤筛或一系列滤筛,所述滤筛在泥浆流过它们时从泥浆中捕捉和去除固体物质。如果钻屑在钻井操作中没有从所用泥浆中有效去除的话,钻屑的再循环会在泥浆中产生重量、粘度和成胶问题,并且加大用于钻井的泥浆泵和其它机械设备的磨损。
现在人们通常希望和/或立法要求将回收的钻屑输送到陆上处理场所以去除其中的大体上全部油和污染物,使得钻屑可以丢弃或以安全环保的方式使用。全世界的环境机构都朝向海上钻探设备“零排放”的方向前进。通常在海上石油钻探设备上进行连续钻井,钻屑储存在钻探设备上直到它们可以通过称作供给船的船舶输送为止,所述供给船收集含油钻屑并将它们运送到另一场所以便进一步处理。需要在钻探设备上有效且高效地储存含油钻屑,同时需要在供给船上有效且高效地储存切屑。固体物质可以含有例如水的流体以形成泥浆。泥浆可以泵送到船、卡车、箕斗或袋子中以运送到处理场所。可选地或另外,储存容器中的湿固体物质可以利用压缩气体(如PCT公开号WO00/76889公开的那样)通过管子移动。
现有技术公开了利用连续正气压输送低砂浆密度、低颗粒密度干固体物质和输送不连续的高砂浆密度、高颗粒密度湿物料的各种方法。许多低密度泥浆典型地具有与空气混合的颗粒,比重小于1.0。现有技术公开了使用真空输送具有高颗粒密度和低颗粒密度的固体物质的各种方法。
本发明试图利用连续正气压解决输送、储存和处置低砂浆密度、高颗粒密度物料(尤其但不专门地,油田钻屑或其它含油/湿废料)的问题。
WO 03/021074特别公开了一种用于输送固体废料的设备,所述设备包括:上游废料供给装置;用于将废料从废料供给装置输送到气动输送装置的进料装置;所述气动输送装置包括管,废料在所述管的内部从进料装置输送到下游废料收集器;其中,所述管与至少一个堵塞传感器相关,电子数据处理装置处理由所述堵塞传感器输出的数据。
WO 2005/050091特别公开了一种用于有选择地容纳钻屑物质的设备,所述设备包括储存压力容器,所述储存压力容器具有第一开口和第二开口,钻屑物质通过所述第一开口引入所述压力容器,钻屑物质通过所述第二开口从所述压力容器排出,其特征在于,所述设备还包括移动设备,所述移动设备包括位于所述压力容器内并且可移动到所述第二开口附近的移动构件,从而有利于钻屑物质流入所述第二开口。优选地,所述压力容器是用于储存大量钻屑的大储料箱,例如18立方米。有利地,移动构件包括滑动件机构。
WO 2005/050091还公开了可能只有0.5立方米的小压力容器,所述压力容器具有第一开口和第二开口,钻屑物质通过所述第一开口引入所述压力容器,钻屑物质通过所述第二开口从所述压力容器流出,其特征在于,所述设备还包括用于将预定数量的钻屑从所述压力容器输送到正压气动输送线路中的螺旋式运输机,所述压力容器优选地加压到与输送线路中的压力大体上相等的压力。
WO 2005/050091还公开了使用小压力容器以装满所述储存压力容器,以及使用储存压力将钻屑移动到位于另一位置的另一储存容器。
现有技术公开了各种钻屑处理方法和系统,和用于将处理过的钻井流体回注到钻井中的方法,包括但不限于如美国专利4,942,929;5,129,469;5,109,933;4,595,422;5,129,468;5,190,645;5,361,998;5,303,786;5,431,236;6,640,912;6,106,733;4,242,146和4,209,381中公开的那样,所有这些专利在此全文引入作为参考。在典型的现有系统的一个实例中,陆上或海上(例如,如美国专利5,190,645所示),安装在一串钻管上的钻头随着钻井泥浆由泵抽入所述钻管并且通过所述钻头上的喷嘴喷出而进行钻井。泥浆冷却和清洗钻头的切削刃,随后向上流过钻井环状空间以冲洗利用切削刃切下的切屑。在泥浆从钻井环状空间流出之后,所述泥浆在其泵回钻管之前进行处理。泥浆流入去除较大切屑的泥浆振动筛。泥浆随后流入在必要时可以去除气体的脱气装置。根据需要,脱气装置可以响应于由电脑产生并与脱气装置连通的电气信号或其它适当信号自动打开和关闭。电脑产生与来自传感器组件的数据相关的信号,所述传感器组件与泥浆振动筛相关。泥浆随后流到去砂器和(或沉淀池),用于去除在钻井中拾取的较小固体物质。在一个方面,泥浆接下来流到处理站,在该处理站,如果必要的话,可以添加例如重晶石的调节介质。适当的流动控制装置(例如,阀)控制所述介质的流动。阀可以通过由电脑产生的与来自传感器组件的数据相关的电气信号或其它适当信号进行自动操作。泥浆从处理站流向储箱,泵从所述储箱抽吸泥浆以便通过钻井进行循环。所示系统为举例说明;可以包括相同类型(例如,附加处理站)或其它类型(例如,离心机)的附加部件。
在另一现有系统(例如,如美国专利6,106,733所示)中,井孔中源于钻井操作的切屑、岩屑、物质、土壤和流体输送到泥浆筛系统。分离的含油固体物质(切屑、土壤等)利用输送装置(可以使用泵)输送到热处理系统。热处理系统排出适于处置的被处理固体物质和含有液体(例如,油和水)的流体。
在海上钻探设备的某些现有系统和方法中,例如由泥浆振动筛产生的湿切屑与海水混合以形成具有希望泥浆比重和粘度的混合物,其在一些方面产生可泵送浆料。最终的钻井流体供应到已知切屑回注系统或储存装置。湿物质通常更重并且可以占据比干物质更多的体积。
从湿钻进物料开始的某些现有系统和方法具有许多问题,“湿”定义为从泥浆振动筛直接获得的物质的流体含量。湿物质的粘结桥拱(bridging)和弯拱(arching)是与试图处理湿物质以回收可再次使用的钻井流体相关的问题。
人们长期以来需要一种有效且高效的系统,用于处理钻井混合物以回收可再次使用的流体,以及处理切屑物质以传送和在一些情况下回注到地下。本发明人注意到,长期以来人们需要这样一种处理干钻屑物质的系统,使得干钻屑物质可以有效地处理并回注到地下,所述系统可以减小切屑物质的体积以便于运输和规模经济。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种用于制备回注到井孔中的钻屑物质的方法,所述方法包括步骤:将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物引入干燥器,利用干燥器产生干切屑物质,和利用正压气动输送设备将干切屑物质输送到包括切屑回注设备的辅助设备。
优选地,辅助设备包括搅拌设备,所述方法还包括使干钻屑与辅助流体混合以产生混合物的步骤。有利地,辅助流体为水和/或海水。
有利地,钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物流入干燥器。
优选地,正压气动输送设备包括贮器和正压输送线路,所述贮器用于将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物供应给正压输送线路。正压输送线路可以是刚性管或挠性软管,可以具有在管线一端供应并沿着管线长度引导的正压气源,并且还可以具有在沿着管线长度的位置处供应正压的正压气源。气体可以是空气。气体可以是例如氮气的惰性气体。
优选地,正压气动输送设备还包括螺旋推进器,以便有助于将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物供应到正压输送线路中。螺旋推进器可以布置在贮器底部,使得流入贮器的混合物在重力作用下落到螺旋推进器中。优选地,贮器是压力容器,有利地,螺旋推进器布置在形成压力容器底部一部分的凹槽内。
优选地,搅拌设备包括搅拌机和储箱,所述方法还包括步骤:将辅助流体引入储箱和将干切屑物质从正压气动输送设备引入搅拌机,和利用搅拌机使干切屑与从储箱获得的辅助流体进行混合以产生混合物。由于干钻屑与辅助流体混合,从储箱排出以在搅拌机中混合的辅助流体包括一部分干钻屑。有利地,这种情况持续到储箱中的混合物达到适于回注到钻井中的适当条件为止。优选地,搅拌机至少部分地位于储箱中。有利地,所述方法还包括利用搅拌器搅拌储箱内的混合物的步骤。
优选地,所述方法还包括在混合物从搅拌机流过时过滤所述混合物的步骤。
有利地,所述方法还包括测量储箱内混合物的粘度的步骤。这可以利用储箱中的传感器进行。
优选地,所述方法还包括测量储箱内混合物的密度的步骤。可以通过使用传感器测量储箱内混合物的重量和测量混合物的体积来获得密度,可以使用料位传感器并由此求出密度。这可以利用PLC、电脑等以电子方式进行。
有利地,所述方法还包括响应于粘度和/或密度测量控制辅助流体的进给速率的步骤。
优选地,所述方法还包括响应于粘度和/或密度测量控制干切屑物质的进给速率的步骤。有利地,辅助流体/混合物在其从储箱抽出时测量粘度和/或密度。随后在控制系统中使用这些测量值,通过改变辅助流体/混合物的流量和/或干切屑的流量控制具有干切屑的辅助流体/混合物的流量。可以利用泵使辅助流体/混合物从储箱中抽出。可以通过改变泵的速度来控制辅助流体/混合物的流量。可以通过正压气动输送设备的螺旋推进器的旋转速率控制进入搅拌机的干切屑的流量。
有利地,所述方法还包括在混合物的密度和粘度达到预定范围时允许所述混合物从储箱流出的步骤。
优选地,所述方法还包括打开阀以允许混合物从储箱流出的步骤。优选地,混合物从储箱泵出。有利地,所述方法还包括使混合物从储箱流入储料器的步骤。优选地,储料器具有用于搅拌混合物的搅拌器。有利地,所述方法还包括使混合物流过阀的步骤,所述阀将混合物导向切屑回注设备或储存装置。
优选地,干钻屑物质在高压下利用正压气动输送设备输送,从而使钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物移动,所述混合物为段塞状(slugs)。优选地,干钻屑物质沿线路在较低速度下以密相输送。
有利地,干钻屑物质利用正压气动输送设备在低压和低速情况下以稀相输送。
优选地,干切屑物质从干燥器流出并流入切屑输送装置,从而将切屑输送到正压气动输送设备。
有利地,所述方法还包括利用湿度测量装置测量干切屑物质的含湿量的步骤。优选地,所述方法还包括根据干切屑物质的含湿量将干切屑物质导向正压气动输送设备或另一个设备的步骤。如果含湿量指出干切屑物质将阻止输送机系统的输送,则干切屑物质将移动远离正压气动输送设备。有利地,所述另一设备为容器。优选地,位于所述另一设备中的干切屑物质在热设备中进行处理以进一步从干切屑物质中去除水分。有利地,切屑输送装置将干切屑物质导向正压气动输送设备或所述另一设备。优选地,切屑输送装置是螺旋式运输机,该螺旋式运输机包括由马达驱动的螺旋推进器,所述螺旋推进器沿一个方向驱动以将干切屑物质导向正压气动输送设备,沿反向驱动以将干切屑物质导向所述另一设备。
有利地,所述方法还包括利用泥浆振动筛过滤含固体颗粒的钻井流体以获得钻井流体和切屑物质的所述混合物的步骤,所述混合物是从泥浆振动筛流过的溢流。可选地或另外,可以使用离心机和/或旋液分离器或其它分离设备。优选地,泥浆振动筛将含固体颗粒的钻井流体分离成大量钻井流体和少量固体物质组分以及大量固体物质和少量钻井流体组分,所述混合物为后者。优选地,所述方法还包括利用布置在凹槽或管中的螺旋输送机将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物从泥浆振动筛输送到干燥器正压气动输送设备。
有利地,除了干钻屑物质之外,干燥器产生钻井流体组分,所述方法还包括使所述钻井流体组分从干燥器流向储料器的步骤。优选地,储料器是沉淀池,其优选地包括堰板。有利地,所述方法还包括使钻井流体组分从储料器流向钻探设备泥浆系统的步骤。有利地,所述方法还包括使钻井流体组分从储料器流向离心机以通过所述离心机进行处理,从而产生离心固体物质和离心钻井流体的步骤。优选地,所述方法还包括使离心钻井流体流向储料器的步骤。
优选地,流向干燥器的钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物包括物质碎片,每个碎片具有一定尺寸,所述方法还包括使用干燥器减小所述碎片的尺寸。有利地,干燥器使所述碎片成粉末。
本发明还提供了一种用于处理储存在钻井中的钻屑的方法,所述方法包括步骤:将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物引入干燥器,利用干燥器产生干切屑物质,和利用正压气动输送设备将干切屑物质输送到包括切屑回注设备的辅助设备,所述方法还包括将切屑物质回注到钻井井孔中的步骤。
本发明还提供了一种用于制备回注到井孔中的钻屑物质的设备,所述设备包括:用于从钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物中的切屑物质中去除液体以产生干切屑物质的干燥器,和用于将干切屑物质输送到包括切屑回注设备的辅助设备的正压气动输送设备。
本发明教导了从钻井流体和切屑物质的钻屑混合物中回收成分物质的方法,所述方法在某些方面包括:使钻井流体和切屑物质的钻屑混合物流到干燥器;利用干燥器产生干切屑物质;和利用输送机系统将所述干切屑物质输送到辅助系统,所述输送机系统包括用于将干切屑物质输送至辅助系统的正压气动输送设备。
本发明教导了用于分离钻井混合物成分和将切屑物质回注到井孔中的系统,所述系统在某些方面包括:用于由钻井流体和切屑物质的切屑混合物生产干切屑物质的干燥器,所述干燥器在某些方面用于减小供应给其的物质碎片的尺寸,并且在一个方面将物质减小成粉末;和用于将所述干切屑物质输送给辅助系统,例如热处理系统或回注设备,所述输送系统包括正压气动输送设备。
本发明在某些实施例中公开了一种井孔切屑成分回收系统,其处理来自井孔钻井混合物的切屑物质并且处理所述切屑物质以产生可接受的丢弃物质(在某些方面,用于输送到热处理设备随后进行垃圾填埋处理,或者用于回注到例如专用回注井中或通过上述钻井的敞开环形空间回注到断层,例如在固定于适当地层中的套管靴处产生的断层)和在某些方面产生可回收的钻井流体。这种系统可以设置在陆地上或者配置为在海上使用。
在某些实施例中,根据本发明的系统使切屑物质通过干燥器,例如旋涡干燥机进行处理,所述干燥器产生含有大部分钻屑物质和一部分钻井流体的相对干燥的物质。在一个方面,“干”物质是能够以稀(或“稀薄”)相(即,包含在气流中的大体上所有颗粒是漂浮的)传送或输送的粉末状物质,这有利于通过正压气动运输机进行传送。根据本发明,使用产生干切屑物质和钻井流体两者的干燥器可以使钻井流体(“泥浆”)的回收最优化或最大化,以及在丢弃之前将要传送和/或处理的切屑物质的体积最小化。在某些方面,通过使切屑物质流过旋涡干燥机或类似设备,切屑物质的碎片尺寸减小,从而有利于这种物质的传送;在一个方面,旋涡干燥机将输入的切屑物质生产成粉末。在许多情况下,通过适当的研磨设备对物料进行附加研磨有助于通过泥浆筛对所述物料进行处理。捣碎的物料比相对大的物料更容易变成浆状;例如,为了回注,在物料与海水混合时。通过使用减少物料尺寸的干燥器,对下游磨床的磨损得以减小。使用正压气动输送设备,干切屑物质可以受控方式定量投放到处理设备中。
新颖、有用、独特、有效、非显而易见的系统和方法用于回收钻井物质成分,以及处理钻屑物质以制造可传送的干钻屑物质,所述干钻屑物质可由位于陆上或海上钻探设备上的正压气动输送设备传送;这种系统和方法提供了对相对干燥的切屑物质进行进一步处理和/或加工,包括但不限于回注和热处理;以及这种系统和方法回收可再次使用的可循环钻井流体。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明,现在以举例方式参考附图,其中:
图1是根据本发明的设备的示意图;
图2是进一步显示了混合器的图1所示设备的一部分的横截面侧视图;
图3是图2所示混合器的一部分的横截面侧视图;和
图4是根据本发明的设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,根据本发明的系统10的一个特别实施例具有带干燥器13的系统12,所述干燥器用于产生干切屑物质并随后将所述干切屑物质沿线路A输送给系统14(正压气动输送系统),其有选择地将所述干燥物质输送到线路B(用于最终回注)中。在一个特别方面,系统14是如共同拥有的美国专利6,936,092和6,988,567以及提交于2004年6月22日的美国申请序列号10/875,083中公开的系统,所有这些文献在此全文引入作为参考。在一个方面,干燥器产生粉末状的干切屑物质。
位于线路A上的传感器SR感应线路内物质的含湿度并且将这一信息传送给可以截断来自系统12的流动的控制系统CS(例如但不限于如上述共有专利和美国专利申请中公开的控制系统)。控制系统CS控制系统10中的各种元件、装置和设备,在一个方面,与切屑回注系统CRI的控制系统CM连通。控制系统CS可以利用具有选定值的标准PID算法调节干物料流向搅拌机24的流量,所述选定值以可接受的密度、对从CRI系统的测量计获得值的反馈为基础。
线路B中的物料输送到搅拌机24。来自储箱22的水(或海水)通过泵23在线路D和C中循环到搅拌机24。泵23泵送来自储箱22的液体,所述液体与来自线路B的流入空气和切屑在搅拌机24中混合。粘度/密度计28给控制系统CS提供与从储箱22流出物料的粘度和密度相关的信息。切屑物质和水混合在一起并且通过泵23泵送流过滤筛21进入系统10的第一级20的储箱22。
水(或者海水)根据需要由泵送系统25输送到储箱22中。搅拌器26有助于使固体物质在储箱22中保持悬浮状态。
储箱22内混合物的密度(和重量)和粘度由传感器(例如,测量计28,传感器ST)感应,所述传感器将感应到的密度、重量和粘度水平输送给控制系统CS,根据需要,通过使用系统14的控制系统CS2改变来自系统14的进给进行调节,其中,控制系统CS与控制系统CS2连通。最终的物料泥浆通过泵27在线路E到线路G中泵送到储箱32,或者选择性地首先泵送到泥浆筛系统34。控制阀29有选择地控制线路G中的流动。当储箱内的物料处于可接受的密度和/或粘度时,阀29打开,线路B中的流动停止,储箱清空注入线路G以将一批物料输送到储箱32。泥浆筛系统34去除在线路F中返回到储箱22的过大固体物质;具有可接受尺寸的物质颗粒(穿过泥浆筛的滤筛)的钻井流体在线路H中供应到第二级30的储箱32。传感器SS感应储箱32内物料的密度、重量和粘度水平,并且将这一信息输送给控制系统CS。根据需要,调节重量和粘度。搅拌器36搅动储箱32内的物料。通过调节系统14的变速计量螺杆14a来调整系统14的排出率。
在阀VA和VB关闭、阀VC打开时,钻井流体在线路I、J和K中通过泵33进行泵送以注入井孔W,例如,使用泵送的钻井流体进行钻井操作。选择性地,泵33将物料泵送到切屑回注(“CRI”)系统,其可以包括用于在切屑回注中使用的一个或几个三缸泵或类似泵的一个或几个第一级增压泵。
选择性地,当阀VA和VC关闭时,来自储箱32的物料通过泵33在线路I、J、L中泵送到储存设备T。选择性地,当阀VA和VC关闭时,泵33将来自储箱32的物料在线路I、J、M中泵送回储箱32中以储存和/或进一步处理。
对于搅拌机24来说,可以使用任何适当的已知搅拌机或混合器(例如,高剪切混合单元或混合器)。在一个方面,如图2和3所示,搅拌机24具有位于上部主体38上的入口31,干物料例如在连续流动的空气输送流中从系统14流入所述入口。从储箱22再循环的液体流到入口32中,抽吸来自入口32的物料。混合器41(例如,直列式静态螺旋混合器)使各种流体混合。物料沿管36向下流到具有滤筛(或多个滤筛)21的洗料池(diffuser)39,物料通过所述滤筛流入储箱。数字34指示储箱22内的典型料位,数字35指示低料位。来自干燥器13的干物料通过干燥器在尺寸方面减小。这减小了下游磨床上的负载,提高了搅拌机24的效率并在相对较小的固体物质(粉末状)和水(例如海水)之间产生集中的高能反应,从而使供应给储箱22的混合物的最终均匀性得到优化或最大化。由于来自干燥器的小尺寸物料的流动,下游磨床,例如CRI系统的磨床泵的磨损、破损和停机得以减少。
如图3所示,主体38包括内部流通构件37,干物料流动穿过所述内部流通构件并从出口37a流出以与从入口32流入的入流液体相混合。
图4显示了根据本发明的系统100,其中,喂料输送器110将由(例如位于陆上钻探设备或海上钻探上)泥浆筛120处理的钻屑物料输送给干燥器130或输送给切屑容器140。从干燥器130回收的钻井流体(具有一些固体物质)选择性地沿线路215供应给储料器150,随后供应给用于离心处理的离心机160。来自干燥器130的干切屑物料通过压缩机系统220供应给供料系统170(正压气动输送系统),利用送料器172和出口174供应给储箱系统180,物料由此供应给切屑回注系统190。选择性地,来自储箱系统180的切屑物质供应给位于运输船194上的储存系统192,物料由此引入位于另一位置或钻探设备处的切屑回注系统196。系统170可以将物料输送给储箱系统180,和/或储箱系统180可以将物料输送给系统190。系统100具有与图1所示系统CS类似的控制系统。
在一个特别方面,干燥器130是旋涡干燥机,例如市场上可买到的National Oilwell Varco Brandt旋涡干燥机,其选择性地可以通过线路201、202、203与来自储料器150的液体物料齐平。来自储箱150的物料通过线路201、202和204供应给离心机160。由离心机160输出的固体物质沿线路205流到输送装置206,其将固体物质沿线路207输送到容器140。储料器150是具有中间堰板的堰式罐,所述中间堰板将储箱划分成两侧151、152。
喂料输送器110将物料沿线路208输送给容器140,并且沿线路209输送给干燥器130。回收的物料从干燥器130沿线路215流到储箱150。来自离心机160的钻井流体沿线路211返回储箱150。可再次使用的钻井流体从储箱150沿线路212流到钻探设备泥浆系统210。选择性地,这种流体在引入系统210之前流过过滤系统FL。线路214中来自储箱150的侧部151的物料沿线路201返回离心机。沉淀在储料器底部的固体物质连同一部分流体沿线路213排出并流向线路212。泵218沿线路201泵送物料。
接收来自干燥器130的干物料的系统170包括正压气动输送系统,所述正压气动输送系统例如包括PCT公开号WO 2005/050091中公开的那些系统,其公开了可能只有0.5立方米的小压力容器,所述压力容器具有第一开口和第二开口,钻屑物质通过所述第一开口引入所述压力容器,钻屑物质通过所述第二开口从所述压力容器流出,所述设备还包括用于将预定数量的钻屑从所述压力容器输送到正压气动输送线路中的螺旋式运输机,所述压力容器优选地加压到与输送线路中的压力大体上相等的压力。小压力容器可以具有0.1立方米到1.5立方米的容量。如果有空间的话,可以使用较大的储存容器,其可以装载正压气动输送线路。
来自干燥器130的干物料通过可逆输送装置220沿线路223、224输送给系统170。湿度计230测量来自干燥器230的物料的水分含量,如果物料的含湿量超过预定水平(例如,重量比10%)(当处于该水平时,将会阻止或防止正压气动输送设备进行的输送),可逆输送装置220逆向并且将物料沿线路221、222供应给容器140。在一个方面,干燥器是旋涡干燥机,其在干燥粉末处于稀相时产生干切屑物质。
在系统100的线路上使用适当的阀、止回阀、过滤器、流量控制器及对其进行控制的控制器。
来自系统170的干物料一方面移动到适当的储存和处理系统,例如可以为任何储箱或储存容器的储箱系统180,例如WO 2005/050091中公开的储存容器,其特别公开了用于有选择地容纳钻屑物质的设备,所述设备包括储存压力容器,所述储存压力容器具有第一开口和第二开口,钻屑物质通过所述第一开口引入所述压力容器,钻屑物质通过所述第二开口从所述压力容器排出,所述设备还包括移动设备,所述移动设备包括位于所述压力容器内并且可移动到所述第二开口附近的移动构件,从而有利于钻屑物质流入所述第二开口。优选地,所述压力容器是用于储存大量钻屑的大储料箱,例如18立方米。有利地,移动构件包括滑动件机构。可选地或另外,可以使用任何储存容器,其可以装载正压气动输送线路。
回注系统190和196可以与图1所示类似,或者它们可以是用于将物料回注到井孔中的任何适当的已知切屑回注系统。
在一个特别方面,如果湿度传感器230指示干燥器130中的滤筛堵塞(表示物料的含湿量对输送系统来说过高以致不能输送或不能有效输送物料),来自干燥器130的物料沿线路222导向容器140。选择性地,来自系统170的物料供应给热处理系统197(物料可以由此输送给系统190或输送给用于输送到系统196的传送装置)。如同物料输送到系统190一样,物料可以从系统170直接送至系统197,或者送至系统180随后输送到系统197。
因此,本发明在一些但不必是全部实施例中提供了一种用于从钻井流体和切屑物料的钻屑混合物中回收成分物质的方法,所述方法包括:使钻井流体和切屑物质的钻屑混合物流到干燥器;利用干燥器产生干切屑物质;和利用输送机系统将所述干切屑物质输送到辅助系统,所述输送机系统包括用于将干切屑物质输送至辅助系统的正压气动输送设备。这种方法可以包括下列中的一个或一部分(以任意可能的组合):其中,所述辅助系统是切屑回注系统,所述方法还包括利用切屑回注系统将干切屑物质回注到井孔中;感应干切屑物质的含湿量;如果含湿量指示出干切屑物质将阻止输送机系统的输送,则干切屑物质将移动远离正压气动输送设备;利用干燥器由钻屑混合物产生具有一部分固体物质的钻井流体混合物,以及使产生的具有一部分固体物质的钻井流体混合物从干燥器流向容纳系统;使钻井流体混合物从容纳系统流向钻探设备泥浆系统;使钻井流体混合物从容纳系统流向离心机以通过离心机进行处理,从而产生离心固体物质和离心钻井流体;使离心钻井流体流向容纳系统;所述输送机系统包括可逆输送装置,所述方法还包括使可逆输送装置逆向以防止来自干燥器的干钻屑流向正压传送设备;其中,所述辅助系统是热处理系统,所述方法还包括利用热处理系统处理干切屑物质;将物料从正压气动输送设备定量投放到辅助系统;其中,主控制系统控制所述系统的操作,辅助控制系统控制切屑回注系统,辅助控制系统与主控制系统连通,所述方法还包括利用主控制系统调节物料向混合器的进给速率,以及将物料从混合器供应到切屑回注系统;其中,辅助控制系统通过密度计给主控制系统提供密度测量,主控制系统在所述调节步骤中采用所述测量值;其中,切屑物质包括物质碎片,每个碎片具有一定尺寸,所述方法还包括使用干燥器减少所述碎片的尺寸;和/或其中所述干燥器使所述碎片成粉末。
因此,本发明在一些但不必是全部实施例中提供了一种用于从钻井流体和切屑物料的钻屑混合物中回收成分物质的方法,所述方法包括:使钻井流体和切屑物质的钻屑混合物流到干燥器;利用干燥器产生干切屑物质;利用输送机系统将所述干切屑物质输送到回注系统,所述输送机系统包括用于输送干切屑物质的正压气动输送设备;利用回注系统将干切屑物质回注到井孔中;感应干切屑物质的含湿量;输送机系统具有可逆输送装置,所述方法还包括如果干切屑物质的含湿量达到将要阻止输送机系统进行输送的水平,则可逆输送装置反向运行以防止来自干燥器的干切屑物质流向正压传送设备。
因此,本发明在一些但不必是全部实施例中提供了一种用于分离钻井混合物成分和将切屑物质回注到井孔中的系统,所述系统包括:用于由钻井流体和切屑物质的切屑混合物产生干切屑物质的干燥器;用于将干切屑物质输送给回注设备的输送系统,所述输送系统具有正压气动输送设备;和用于将干切屑物质回注到井孔中的热处理设备或回注设备。这种方法可以包括下列中的一个或一部分(以任意可能的组合):一湿度传感器用于感应干切屑物质的含湿量,输送机系统还具有可逆输送装置,所述可逆输送装置用于将干切屑物质供应到正压气动输送设备并且在干切屑物质的含湿量达到阻止正压气动输送设备的输送的程度时反向,使得干切屑物质不会流向正压气动输送设备;用于接收来自干燥器的钻井流体流的离心机,所述钻井流体流含有可回收钻井流体,所述离心机用于对来自干燥器的钻井流体流进行处理以产生可再次使用的钻井流体;和/或其中,所述干燥器用于减少切屑物质的碎片的尺寸,在一个方面,减小成粉末。

Claims (39)

1.一种用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑物质的方法,所述方法包括步骤:将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物引入干燥器(13,130);利用干燥器(13,130)制造干切屑物质;和利用正压气动输送设备(14,170)将干切屑物质输送至包括切屑回注设备(CRI)的辅助设备(20,30)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述辅助设备(20,30)包括搅拌设备(24),所述方法还包括使干燥钻屑与辅助流体搅拌以产生混合物的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述辅助流体是水。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述辅助流体是海水。
5.如权利要求2、3或4所述的方法,其中,钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物流入干燥器(13,130)。
6.如权利要求2-5中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述正压气动输送设备(14,170)包括贮器和正压输送线路,所述贮器将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物供应到正压输送线路(B)中。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述正压气动输送设备(14,170)还包括有助于将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物供应到正压输送线路(B)的螺旋推进器(14a)。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,所述贮器是压力容器。
9.如权利要求2-8中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述搅拌设备(20,24)包括搅拌机(24)和储箱(20),所述方法还包括步骤:将辅助流体引入储箱(20)和将来自正压气动输送设备(14,170)的干切屑物质引入搅拌机(24),以及利用搅拌机(24)使干切屑与从储箱(20)获得的辅助流体进行混合以产生混合物。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括利用搅拌器(26)搅拌储箱(20)中的混合物的步骤。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的方法,还包括在混合物从搅拌机(24)流出时过滤所述混合物的步骤。
12.如权利要求9、10或11所述的方法,还包括测量储箱(20)内的混合物粘度的步骤。
13.如权利要求9、10、11或12所述的方法,还包括测量储箱(20)内的混合物密度的步骤。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,还包括响应于粘度和/或密度测量控制辅助流体的进给速率的步骤。
15.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,还包括响应于粘度和/或密度测量控制干切屑物质的进给速率的步骤。
16.如权利要求12-17中任意一项所述的方法,还包括在混合物的密度和粘度达到预定范围时允许所述混合物从储箱(20)流出的步骤。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,还包括打开阀(29)以允许混合物从储箱(20)流出的步骤。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法,还包括使混合物流入储料器(30)的步骤。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,还包括使混合物流过将所述混合物导向切屑回注设备(CRI)或储存装置(T)的阀的步骤。
20.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,干钻屑物质在高压下利用正压气动输送设备(14,170)输送,从而使钻井流体和切屑物质混合物移动,所述混合物为段塞状。
21.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,干钻屑物质利用正压气动输送设备(14,170)在低压、高速情况下以稀相输送。
22.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,干切屑物质从干燥器(130)流出并流入切屑输送装置(220),从而将切屑输送到正压气动输送设备(14,170)。
23.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,还包括利用湿度测量装置(230)测量干切屑物质的含湿量的步骤。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,还包括根据干切屑物质的含湿量将干切屑物质导入正压气动输送设备(14,170)或另一设备(140)的步骤。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中,所述另一设备是容器(140)。
26.如权利要求24或25所述的方法,其中,位于所述另一设备中的干切屑物质在热设备中处理以进一步从干切屑物质中去除水分。
27.如权利要求23-26中任意一项所述的方法,其中,切屑输送装置(220)将干切屑物质导入正压气动输送设备(14,170)或所述另一设备(140)。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述切屑输送装置(220)是螺旋式运输机,该螺旋式运输机包括由马达驱动的螺旋推进器,所述螺旋推进器沿一个方向驱动以将干切屑物质导向正压气动输送设备(14,170),沿反向驱动以将干切屑物质导向所述另一设备(140)。
29.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,还包括利用泥浆振动筛过滤含固体颗粒的钻井流体,以获得钻井流体和切屑物质的所述混合物的步骤,所述混合物是来自泥浆振动筛的溢流。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,所述泥浆振动筛将含固体颗粒的钻井流体分离成大量钻井流体和少量固体物质组分以及大量固体物质和少量钻井流体组分,所述混合物为后者。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,还包括利用布置在凹槽或管中的螺旋输送机将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物从泥浆振动筛输送到干燥器正压气动输送设备的步骤。
32.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,除了干钻屑物质之外,干燥器产生钻井流体组分,所述方法还包括使所述钻井流体组分从干燥器(130)流向储料器(150)的步骤。
33.如权利要求32所述的方法,还包括使钻井流体组分从储料器(150)流向钻探设备泥浆系统(210)的步骤。
34.如权利要求32或33所述的方法,还包括使钻井流体组分从储料器(150)流向离心机(160),以便通过离心机处理以产生离心固体物质和离心钻井流体的步骤。
35.如权利要求34所述的方法,还包括使离心钻井流体流向储料器(150)的步骤。
36.如在先任意一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,流向干燥器(13,130)的钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物包括物质碎片,每个碎片具有一定尺寸,所述方法还包括干燥器(13,130)减小所述碎片的尺寸。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其中,干燥器(13,130)将所述碎片减小到粉末。
38.一种用于处理钻屑以储存在钻井中的方法,所述方法包括步骤:将钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物引入干燥器(13,130);利用干燥器(13,130)制造干切屑物质;和利用正压气动输送设备(14,170)将干切屑物质输送至包括切屑回注设备(CRI)的辅助设备(20,30),所述方法还包括将切屑物质回注到钻井井孔中的步骤。
39.一种用于制备回注到钻井中的钻屑物质的设备,所述设备包括:用于从钻井流体和切屑物质的混合物中的切屑物质中去除液体以产生干切屑物质的干燥器(13,130),和用于将干切屑物质输送至包括切屑回注设备(CRI)的辅助设备(20,30)的正压气动输送设备(14,170)。
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US20080083566A1 (en) 2008-04-10
NO20090065L (no) 2009-06-26
US20090227477A1 (en) 2009-09-10
AU2007304010A1 (en) 2008-04-10
US8533974B2 (en) 2013-09-17
WO2008041020A1 (en) 2008-04-10
US8316557B2 (en) 2012-11-27
US20130067762A1 (en) 2013-03-21

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