CN101479213A - 堇青石铝镁钛酸盐组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品 - Google Patents

堇青石铝镁钛酸盐组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品 Download PDF

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CN101479213A
CN101479213A CNA2007800243444A CN200780024344A CN101479213A CN 101479213 A CN101479213 A CN 101479213A CN A2007800243444 A CNA2007800243444 A CN A2007800243444A CN 200780024344 A CN200780024344 A CN 200780024344A CN 101479213 A CN101479213 A CN 101479213A
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ceramic
tio
weight
mutually
oxide
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CN101479213B (zh
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G·A·莫克尔
P·D·特珀谢
R·R·武诗丽卡
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Corning Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了包含堇青石铝镁钛酸盐陶瓷组合物的陶瓷物品和生产这种陶瓷物品的方法。

Description

堇青石铝镁钛酸盐组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品
发明背景
本申请要求2006年7月25日提交的标题为“堇青石铝镁钛酸盐(aluminiumagnesiu titanate)组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品”的美国临时申请60/817723的权益。
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷组合物,更具体地,涉及包含堇青石铝镁钛酸盐的复合陶瓷组合物。
背景技术
热膨胀小因而耐热冲击性高的耐火材料被用于诸如催化转化器基材和柴油机微粒过滤器之类在使用过程中产生高的热梯度的应用。用于这些应用的最佳材料之一是堇青石,因为其热膨胀小、熔点高、成本低。在柴油机微粒过滤器领域,人们已经认识到,更高的热容量有利于改善过滤器在再生过程中的耐久性(Hickman SAE)。为了减少吸附给定热量所需的材料的体积,希望使用体积热容量高的材料。希望材料的体积更小,因为这能减小排气流的压降并增加用于储存灰的开放体积。然而,仍要求低热膨胀。钛酸铝是少数几种能被制成热膨胀小并且体积热容量比堇青石高的材料之一。
钛酸铝(AT)和含有大比例钛酸铝的复合材料有几个缺点。第一,纯的钛酸铝在低于约1200℃时为亚稳态。第二,AT的热膨胀仅在颗粒尺寸较大时才比较低,而且在窑炉中冷却时形成微裂纹。这些大颗粒和微裂纹容易使材料的机械强度较低。第三,微裂纹造成热膨胀曲线具有很大的滞后,导致瞬时热膨胀值非常高,特别是在冷却时。第四,AT基复合材料的烧制温度通常较高,一般大于1400℃。最后,AT显示具有很高的热循环增长,碱金属元素的存在扩大该热循环增长。
为了降低分解速度,可以在钛酸铝中加入添加剂,诸如多铝红柱石、MgTi2O5和Fe2TiO5。MgTi2O5易于在还原条件下降低分解速度,仅仅在高水平的氧化条件下(>10%)才使分解速度减慢。Fe2TiO5易于在氧化条件下降低分解速度,在还原条件下增加分解速度(美国专利5153153,1992)。
在AT中加入第二相(second phase)如多铝红柱石以提高复合体的强度,因为在多铝红柱石晶体之间通常不会发生微开裂。多铝红柱石也是一种很好的选择,因为它也具有相当高的体积热容。其它第二相也已用于AT复合材料中,包括碱金属和碱土金属长石。然而,多铝红柱石和碱金属长石的热膨胀大于最佳热膨胀。
在提供具有改善的强度同时保持低CTE的复合AT陶瓷坯体的努力中,以堇青石作为第二相是比多铝红柱石更好的选择,因为堇青石的热膨胀系数比多铝红柱石更小。然而,在任何温度下堇青石和纯的钛酸铝都不能达到热动力学平衡。提供具有低CTE、高强度和优良的热稳定性的基于堇青石和AT的复合陶瓷将代表本领域的一大进步。本发明提供这样的物体。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种包含堇青石铝镁钛酸盐的复合陶瓷组合物。一个方面,本发明提供一种包含第一晶体相和第二晶体相的陶瓷制品,所述第一晶体相主要由钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体组成,所述第二晶体相包含堇青石。在一个实施方式中,钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体相显示出铁板钛矿的晶体结构。在另一个实施方式中,陶瓷制品的总孔隙率%P大于40体积%。
另一个方面,本发明包括一种柴油机微粒过滤器,该过滤器由上述本发明的陶瓷组合物构成。在一个实施方式中,所述柴油机微粒过滤器包含蜂窝状结构,该结构具有多个轴向延伸的端部堵塞的进口室和出口室。
再一个方面,本发明提供一种制造本发明的复合堇青石铝镁钛酸盐陶瓷制品的方法。该方法通常包括,首先提供包含氧化镁源、氧化硅源、氧化铝源和氧化钛源的无机批料组合物。然后,将该无机批料组合物与一种或多种加工助剂混合,所述加工助剂选自下组:增塑剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、成孔剂和溶剂,以便形成增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物。将该增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物成形或者形成生坯,任选地干燥,然后在能将所述生坯体有效转化为陶瓷制品的条件下进行烧制。
附图简述
以下参照附图进一步说明本发明,其中:
图1示出稳定的相组合沿钛酸铝(Al2TiO5)和堇青石(Mg2Al4Si5O18)之间的假拟二元接合点(pseudo-binary join)随温度和组成的变化。
图2示出1300℃时四元MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2体系中以二钛酸镁、钛酸铝和堇青石为端点的三重部分的相关系。
图3示出1100℃下对于对照钛酸铝陶瓷组合物和相图的堇青石/多铝红柱石/铁板钛矿区中的组合物,长度变化随时间的变化。
图4说明对于对照钛酸铝陶瓷组合物和表1的堇青石/多铝红柱石/铁板钛矿组合物在950-1250℃的温度下保持100小时后,其在25-1000℃范围内的热膨胀系数的变化。
图5显示根据本发明制造的堇青石/多铝红柱石/铁板钛矿的陶瓷壁流过滤器的代表性压降数据随烟炱负载量的变化。
图6示出具有约55克/升氧化铝基面修补涂层(washing coating)的本发明物体的微结构。
发明详述
如上简要概述的,在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种包含第一晶体相和第二晶体相的复合陶瓷体,所述第一晶体相主要由钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体(MgTi2O5-Al2TiO5)构成,所述第二晶体相包含堇青石。该陶瓷体的组成的特征是包含以下组分:以氧化物重量百分数为基准计,4-10%MgO、40-55%Al2O3、25-35%TiO2、5-25%SiO2、0-5%Y2O3、0-5%La2O3和0-3%Fe2O3。在这些或其它实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷体的组成以氧化物为基准的氧化物和氧化物组合的重量分数表示时包含:a(Al2TiO5)+b(MgTi2O5)+c(2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2)+d(3Al2O3·2SiO2)+e(MgO·Al2O3)+f(2MgO·TiO2)+g(Y2O3)+h(La2O3)+i(Fe2O3·TiO2)+j(TiO2),其中a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i和j是各组分的重量分数,满足(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j)=1.00。为此目的,各组分的重量分数的范围分别如下:0.3≤a≤0.75、0.075≤b≤0.3、0.02≤c≤0.5、0.0≤d≤0.4、0.0≤e≤0.25、0.0≤f≤0.1、0.0≤g≤0.05、0.0≤h≤0.05、0.0≤i≤0.05和0.0≤j≤0.20。可以认为,用于定义这些陶瓷的氧化物组成的氧化物和氧化物组合并不需要以相应的游离氧化物或晶体相存在于陶瓷物品中,除非本文中特别指出这些晶体相为这些陶瓷的特征。
钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体相优选显示铁板钛矿的晶体结构。为此,铁板钛矿相的组成可取决于工艺温度以及陶瓷的总体组成(bulk composition),因此可以由平衡条件来决定。然而,在一个实施方式中,铁板钛矿相的组成包含约20重量%至35重量%的MgTi2O5。而且,虽然铁板钛矿相的总体积也可以变化,但是在另一个实施方式中,总体积优选为总陶瓷组合物的50体积%至95体积%。
任选地,复合陶瓷体还包含一种或多种选自下组的相:多铝红柱石、假蓝宝石、氧化钛多晶型物如金红石或锐钛矿、尖晶石固溶体(MgAl2O4-Mg2TiO4)。当存在尖晶石相时,其组成也可以取决于工艺温度和总体组成。然而,在一个实施方式中,尖晶石相可以包含至少约95%MgAl2O4
而且,假如能降低烧制温度和扩大形成陶瓷组合物所需的烧制窗,陶瓷组合物也可以任选地含有一种或多种金属氧化物烧结助剂或添加剂。存在的烧结助剂的量可以是总组合物的0-5重量%,并且烧结助剂可以包括比如一种或多种金属氧化物,如Fe2TiO5、Y2O3和La2O3。在一个实施方式中,发现当氧化钇(Y2O3)和/或氧化镧(La2O3)以0.5-4.0重量%、更优地1.0-2.0重量%的量加入时,是特别优良的烧结添加剂。为此,氧化钇或氧化镧可以作为氧化物相存在,或与陶瓷体的一种或多种其它金属氧化物成分形成新的相。类似地,在一些实施方式中,来自合适的铁源的铁氧化物以氧化亚铁或三氧化二铁或与其它氧化物的组合(如Fe2TiO5)存在时,按Fe2TiO5计算,铁氧化物量为0重量%至3重量%Fe2TiO5。Fe2TiO5的存在有利于减慢在氧化气氛中的分解速度。当Fe2TiO5和尖晶石相都存在于陶瓷体中时,尖晶石固溶体也可以还包含在固溶体中的亚铁和/或三价的铁。
根据本发明的特定实施方式,陶瓷体包含约10重量%至25重量%堇青石、约10重量%至30重量%多铝红柱石、约50重量%至70重量%主要由Al2TiO5-MgTi2O5固溶体组成的铁板钛矿相、和约0.5重量%至3.0重量%Y2O3添加剂。
在一些情况下,本发明的陶瓷体可以包含较高水平的总孔隙率。比如,本发明可提供总孔隙率%P为至少40%、至少45%、或者甚至至少50%的陶瓷体,孔隙率由水银孔率计测定。
除了较高的总孔隙率外,本发明的陶瓷体还包括相对较窄的孔径分布,由较小和/或较大孔径的最小百分数表示。为此,相对孔径分布可以表示为孔的分数,如本文中使用的,孔分数是由水银孔率计测量的孔隙体积除以100的体积百分数。比如,d50量值代表基于孔体积的中值孔径,以微米计;因此,d50是陶瓷样品的50%的开放孔隙中侵入水银的孔径。d90量值是90%的孔体积由直径小于d90值的孔组成的孔径;因此,d90也等于10体积%的陶瓷的开放孔隙侵入水银的孔径。而d10量值是10%的孔体积由直径小于d10值的孔组成的孔径;因此,d10等于90体积%陶瓷的开放孔隙中侵入水银的孔径。d10和d90值也以微米为单位表示。
在一个实施方式中,本发明陶瓷制品中存在的孔的中值孔径d50为至少10μm,更优地至少14μm,或更优地至少16μm。在另一个实施方式中,本发明陶瓷制品中存在的孔的中值孔径d50不超过30μm,更优地不超过25μm,更优地不超过20μm。在另一个实施方式中,本发明陶瓷制品中存在的孔的中值孔径d50为10μm至30μm,更优地18μm至25μm,甚至更优地为14μm至25μm,更优地16μm至20μm。为此,当本发明的陶瓷体被用于柴油机废气过滤应用时,上述孔隙率值和中值孔径值的组合在维持有用的过滤效率的同时,可以提供低的空载压降和烟炱负载压降。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷制品的较窄的孔径分布表示为比中值孔径d50小的孔径的分布宽度,并进一步定量为孔的分数。如本文使用的,小于中值孔径d50的孔径的分布宽度用“d因子”或“df”值表示,其表示为(d50-d10)/d50的量值。为此,本发明的陶瓷物品的d因子值不超过0.50、0.40、0.35或0.30。在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明陶瓷体的d因子值不超过0.25或者甚至0.20。为此,较低的df值表示低的小孔分数,当本发明的陶瓷体用于柴油机过滤应用时,低的df值有利于确保低的烟炱负载压降。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷制品的较窄的孔径分布也可以由比中值孔径d50小或大的孔径的分布宽度表示,并进一步定量为孔的分数。如本文使用的,比中值孔径d50小或大的孔径的分布宽度用“d宽度”或“dB”值代表,其表示为(d90-d10)/d50量值。为此,在一个实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷结构的db值不小于1.50、1.25、1.10或者甚至1.00。在一些特别优选的实施方式中,db值不大于0.8,更优地不大于0.7、甚至更优地不大于0.6。较低的db值可以为柴油机过滤应用提供较高的过滤效率和较高的强度。
在另一些实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷体显示导致优良的耐热冲击性(TSR)的低的热膨胀系数。如本领域的普通技术人员会意识到的,TSR与热膨胀系数(CTE)成反比。即,热膨胀小的陶瓷体通常具有高的耐热冲击性,并能耐受例如在柴油机废气过滤应用中遭遇的宽范围的温度波动。因此,在一个实施方式中,本发明的陶瓷制品的特征是具有沿至少一个方向的较低的热膨胀系数(CTE),用膨胀计测量法测定,所述CTE在25至1000℃的温度范围内小于或等于约25.0×10-7/℃,小于或等于约20.0×10-7/℃,小于或等于约15.0×10-7/℃,小于或等于约10.0×10-7/℃,或者甚至小于或等于约8.0×10-7/℃。
而且,应该理解,本发明的实施方式能显示任何需要的上述性质的组合。比如,在一个实施方式中,优选CTE(25-1000℃)不超过12.0×10-7/℃(并优选不大于10.0×10-7/℃),孔隙率%P为至少45%,中值孔径为至少14μm(较优地至少18μm),df值不大于0.35(较优地不大于0.30)。更优地,这些示例的陶瓷体的db值不超过1.0,更优地不超过0.85,更优地不超过0.75。
本发明的陶瓷体可以具有适合特定应用的任何形状或几何结构。在本发明的陶瓷体特别适合的高温过滤应用中,如柴油机微粒过滤中,优选陶瓷体具有多孔结构,诸如蜂窝体单块的多孔结构。比如,在示例性的实施方式中,陶瓷体包括具有进口端和出口端或进口端面和出口端面的蜂窝体结构,以及多个从进口端延伸至出口端的孔,这些孔具有多孔的壁。所述蜂窝状结构还可以具有70个孔/英寸2(10.9个孔/厘米2)至400个孔/英寸2(62个孔/厘米2)的孔密度。在一个实施方式中,这些孔的一部分在进口端或进口端面可以用组成与该蜂窝状结构的组成相同或类似的糊料堵塞,如美国专利第4329162号中所述,该专利通过引用结合于此。只在孔端部进行堵塞的深度通常约为5至20mm,但是该深度可以变化。孔中的一部分在出口端或出口端面堵塞,但这些孔不对应于在进口端堵塞的那部分孔。因此,每个孔仅在一端堵塞。优选的排列方式是在指定表面以跳棋盘模式每隔一个孔进行堵塞。
这种堵塞构形可使废气流与基材的多孔壁有更密切的接触。废气流通过在进口端开孔流入基材,然后从多孔的孔壁通过,再通过出口端的开孔从该结构排出。由于交替堵塞孔产生的流动路径需要被处理的废气从多孔陶瓷的孔壁通过,然后从过滤器排出,所以本文所述的这类过滤器被称为“壁流”过滤器。
本发明也提供一种由包含特定无机粉末原料的形成陶瓷的前体批料组合物制备本发明的复合堇青石铝镁钛酸盐陶瓷制品的方法。该方法通常包含,首先提供包含氧化镁源、氧化硅源、氧化铝源和氧化钛源的无机批料组合物。然后,将该无机批料组合物与一种或多种加工助剂混合,以形成增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物,所述加工助剂选自:增塑剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、成孔剂和溶剂。将该增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物成形或形成生坯体,任选地干燥,随后在能有效地将所述生坯体转化为陶瓷制品的条件下进行烧制。
氧化镁源例如但不限于可以选自以下材料中的一种或多种:MgO、Mg(OH)2、MgCO3、MgAl2O4、Mg2SiO4、MgSiO3、MgTiO3、Mg2TiO4、MgTi2O5、滑石和煅烧滑石。或者,所述氧化镁源可以选自以下材料中的一种或多种,镁橄榄石、橄榄石、绿泥石或蛇纹石。较优地,氧化镁源的中值粒径不超过35μm,较优地不超过30μm。为此,如本文中所称的,所有粒径都通过激光衍射技术来测量,诸如麦奇克(Microtrac)粒径分析仪。
氧化铝源例如但不限于可以选自形成氧化铝的来源,诸如刚玉、Al(OH)3、勃姆石、水铝石、过渡氧化铝,诸如γ-氧化铝或ρ-氧化铝。或者,氧化铝源可以是铝和其它金属氧化物的复合物(compound),所述金属氧化物诸如MgAl2O4、Al2TiO5、多铝红柱石、高岭土、煅烧高岭土、叶蜡石(phyrophyllite)、蓝晶石等。在一个实施方式中,氧化铝源的重均中值粒径较优地为10μm至60μm,更优地为20μm至45μm。在另一个实施方式中,氧化铝源可以是一种或多种形成氧化铝的来源和一种或多种铝与另一种金属氧化物的复合物的组合。
除了上述与镁或氧化铝的复合物以外,提供的氧化钛源可以是TiO2粉末。
提供的氧化硅源可以是SiO2粉末,诸如石英、隐晶石英、熔凝硅石、硅藻土、低碱沸石或胶态氧化硅。此外,提供的氧化硅源也可以是与镁和/或铝的复合物,包括比如堇青石、绿泥石等。在另一个实施方式中,氧化硅源的中值粒径较优地为至少5μm,更优地至少10μm,或更优地至少20μm。
如上所述,在前体批料组合物中可任选加入一种或多种金属氧化物烧结助剂或添加剂,以降低烧制温度和扩大形成陶瓷组合物所需的烧制窗。存在的烧结助剂的量可以是如总组合物的0重量%至5重量%,并且烧结助剂可以包括如一种或多种氧化物,诸如Fe2TiO5、Y2O3和La2O3。在一个实施方式中,当以0.5重量%至4.0重量%、更优地1.0重量%至2.0重量%的量加入氧化钇(Y2O3)和/或氧化镧(La2O3)时,发现氧化钇(Y2O3)和/或氧化镧(La2O3)是特别优良的烧结添加剂。同样地,当以0重量%至3重量%的量加入Fe2TiO5时,其有利于减慢氧化气氛中的分解。
而且,如果需要,所述前体组合物可以含有成孔剂以便调节用于特定应用的烧制的物品的孔隙率和孔径分布。成孔剂是能够通过对生坯体干燥或加热期间的燃烧发生蒸发或汽化,以获得所需的通常较高的孔隙率和/或较大的中值孔径的短效物质。一种合适的成孔剂可以包括但不限于:碳;石墨;淀粉;木材、壳类或坚果粉;聚合物,诸如聚乙烯珠;蜡等。使用颗粒成孔剂时,颗粒造孔剂的中值粒径可以为10μm至70μm,更优地20μm至50μm。
形成陶瓷的无机批料组分与任选的任意烧结助剂和/或成孔剂可以与液态赋形剂和成形助剂充分混合,这些成形助剂在原料被成形为生坯体时赋予原料以塑性成形性和生坯强度。当通过挤出来实施成形时,最通常地,以纤维素醚粘合剂,诸如甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素衍生物和/或它们的任意组合作为临时有机粘合剂,以硬脂酸钠作为润滑剂。成形助剂的相对量可以根据一些因素而变化,诸如所用原料的性质和量等。比如,成形助剂的量通常为约2重量%至约10重量%,较优地约3重量%至约6重量%甲基纤维素,和约0.5重量%至约1重量%,较优地约0.6重量%硬脂酸钠或硬脂酸。通常原料和成形助剂以干形式混合,然后与作为赋形剂的水混合。每批材料的水量可以不同,因此水量是通过预测试具体批料的可挤出性来确定的。
液体赋形剂组分可以根据所用材料的类型而有所不同,以便提供最佳的操作性能和与陶瓷批料混合物中其它组分的相容性。一般,液态赋形剂的含量通常为增塑组合物的20重量%至50重量%。在一个实施方式中,所述液态赋形剂组分可以包含水。在另一个实施方式中,根据陶瓷批料组合物的组分,应该理解,可以使用有机溶剂,诸如甲醇、乙醇或它们的混合物作为液态赋形剂。
可以通过比如典型陶瓷铸造技术(诸如单轴向压制或等静压压制)、挤出、粉浆浇铸和注塑,由增塑的前体组合物形成或成形生坯。当陶瓷制品具有蜂窝状几何结构,比如催化转化器流通载体或柴油机微粒壁流过滤器时,优选采用挤出。所得生坯体可以任选地干燥,随后在能有效地将所述生坯体转化为陶瓷制品条件下在燃气窑炉或电窑炉中烧制。比如,能有效地将生坯体转化为陶瓷制品的烧制条件可以包括,在1250℃至1450℃、更优地1300℃至1350℃的最高热炼(soak)温度下加热生坯,维持该最高热炼温度足够长的时间以便使生坯体转化为陶瓷制品,然后以一定速度冷却,该速度不足以对烧结的制品造成热冲击。
此外,所述有效的烧制条件可以包括在1240℃至1350℃(较优地127℃至1330℃)的第一热炼温度下加热生坯体,保持该第一热炼温度2至10小时(较优地4至8小时),然后在1270℃至1450℃(较优地1300℃至1350℃)的第二热炼温度下加热该生坯体,保持该第二热炼温度2至10小时(较优地4至8小时),然后同样以不足以对烧结的制品造成热冲击的速度进行冷却。
为了获得壁流过滤器,如本领域已知的,对蜂窝体结构的一部分孔在进口端或进口端面进行堵塞。堵塞仅仅在孔的端部,堵塞深度通常约为1至20mm,但是可以变化。与在进口端进行堵塞的那些孔不对应的一部分孔的出口端被堵塞。因此,每个孔仅堵塞一端。优选的排列方式是在指定表面以跳棋盘模式每隔一个孔进行堵塞。
参考MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2体系的相平衡图(由本发明人绘制),可以更好地理解构成本发明基础的研究结果。当然,可以认识到,在这种相图中包含的相区之间的许多边界代表平衡计算和外推演绎的结果,而不是实际相分析的结果。虽然这些相区本身已经用实验确认,但是代表相区间边界的确切温度和组成都是近似值。无论如何,图1的相图描绘了稳定的相组合沿钛酸铝(Al2TiO5)和堇青石(Mg2Al4Si5O18)伪二元接合点随温度和组成的变化。实质上,该相图表明,堇青石和AT在高温下易于形成其它相,包括多铝红柱石、氧化钛、液体和具有铁板钛矿晶体结构的固溶体相。
研究该图可以得出两个重要的特征。第一,为了与堇青石达到平衡的铁板钛矿相,通常存在对该固溶体的组成的限制,特别地,纯AT往往不能与堇青石达到平衡存在。图2示出1325℃时四元MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2体系中以二钛酸镁、钛酸铝和堇青石为端点的三元部分中的相关系。第二,图1显示,在该图中,在相对低的温度区域(约1390℃,但是,该体系中共熔点最低的共晶液在显著低于该温度的温度下存在)有液体出现。
实施例
以下将参照关于本发明的一些示例性的和特定的实施方式进一步说明本发明,这些实施方式仅仅是说明性的,不用来构成限制。根据一些实施例,制备一系列本发明的陶瓷制品,所述陶瓷制品具有如表1中按最终成分相的重量百分数提供的常规无机批料组成,和在表2中按照单组分氧化物的重量百分比表示的组成,它们都不包括任何烧结添加剂。
表1
Figure A200780024344D00151
表2
Figure A200780024344D00152
表3至表9提供根据表1和表2的一般组成制造的本发明的实施例的数据。其中列出了用于制造样品的原料、成孔剂和烧结助剂(括号中是中值粒径)。提供的这些实施例是通过将组分粉末与水和有机粘合剂一起研磨,然后挤出、干燥和烧制而制成的。所有挤出的样品都被包裹在箔中并以热空气干燥。然后,在电窑炉中,对样品进行烧制,烧制条件为以60℃/小时的加热速率加热至第一热炼温度并保持6小时,然后以60℃/小时加热速率加热至第二热炼温度并再保持6小时。表3至表9中也提供了热炼温度。这些实施例将在下面进一步讨论。除了指出的以外,所有的测量都针对具有200个孔/英寸2和16密耳壁厚的多孔体。除非另外指出,所有的样品都是在空气中在电窑炉中进行烧制。CTE是采用膨胀计测量法按平行于蜂窝件的通道的方向测量的。孔隙率和孔径分布用水银孔率计测量而得。
表3至表9也提供了“1000℃时的最大ΔL”,其定义为因热膨胀样品从室温加热至1000℃时产生的热膨胀所得的在1000℃时的ΔL/L值减去该热膨胀样品从1000℃冷却至存在最小ΔL/L的较低温度的过程中产生的最小的ΔL/L。表3至表9中以百分比数值记录了1000℃时的最大ΔL值,因此,比如1000℃时0.15%的最大ΔL等于0.15×10-2的ΔL值,也相当于1500ppm或1500×10-6英寸/英寸。1000℃时的最大ΔL值是加热和冷却过程中的热膨胀曲线(ΔL/L对温度)的滞后现象程度的度量。
除了测量表3至表9中的性质数据,还进行了几种特定的测量,以便表征本发明材料的热稳定性,并确定它们用作柴油机微粒颗粒过滤器时的压降性能。
热稳定性(分解速度)通过两种方法来评估。第一种方法中,将本发明的试样和对照钛酸铝组合物的样品保持在1100℃,并在最多100小时的时间内测量它们的长度。铁板钛矿相的分解伴随着体积的减小(收缩或负的长度变化)。图3中所示的结果表明本发明的试样具有良好的稳定性,因此,铁板钛矿相的分解速度比对照钛酸铝组合物至少慢10倍。在评估分解速度的第二种方法中,将样品等温在950-1250℃的温度下保持100小时之前和之后,测量本发明组合物和对照钛酸铝组合物的CTE。因为铁板钛矿相的分解减少微开裂的量、增加CTE,所以,热处理后CTE的增加是分解程度的一个指标。结果示于图4中,其表明本发明的物品提高的热稳定性。
在空载过滤器和负载催化剂的过滤器上测量由本发明的代表性的堇青石铝镁钛酸盐陶瓷和钛酸铝对照陶瓷制成的空载过滤器和负载烟炱的过滤器的压降。本发明的过滤器为300/12孔结构。在实施常规的预备聚合物溶液钝化后,使用AL-20胶态氧化铝进行基面修补涂覆施涂基面修补涂层。这种压降试验的代表性结果示于图5中,从中可发现,进行基面修补涂覆后本发明的过滤器压降增加的百分数低于对照钛酸铝过滤器。这些被测试的基面修补涂覆的过滤器的微结构示于图6。
表3至表9中的数据还说明了由本发明的陶瓷体能达到的性质的一些示例性范围。表3中的实施例1至7代表无烧结添加剂的基本四元三相组合物(表1和表2)。这些实施例显示,孔隙率为44-52%、中值孔径为15-27μm时,可以实现低热膨胀(6至20×10-7/℃),适合用作柴油机微粒过滤器。df值为0.24至0.45。这些组合物的最佳最高烧制温度约为1355℃至1360℃。用于实施例4-7的粗氧化铝产生较大的孔径和较低的烧制收缩。
表4中的实施例8至15说明,在实施例1-3的基础组合物中添加约2重量%Y2O3能够允许更低的烧制温度(1290-1320℃)和达到高孔隙率(41-50%)和低热膨胀(10-14×10-7/℃)的宽的烧制稳温度范围。中值孔径是16至22μm,df值减小至0.17至0.31。收缩随温度的变化也更小。这能够以更宽的工艺窗口来实现所需的性质。最佳的烧制温度是约1310℃。
表5中的实施例16至22表明,在实施例1-3的基础组合物中仅加入追加的约1%Y2O3能使烧制温度降低至1310-1350℃,最佳约为1320℃。少量添加剂产生的烧制温度和烧制工艺窗口是介于基础四元组合物与添加2重量%添加剂对应的烧制温度和烧制工艺窗口之间。物理性质也十分有利于柴油机微粒过滤器应用。
表6中的实施例23显示,与实施例8-15相比,使用更小的(10μm)氧化铝粉末产生更小的孔径、稍大的收缩和稍大的热膨胀。
表6中的实施例24至30显示,与实施例8-15相比,使用更大粒径的氧化铝粉末产生更大的孔、更小的热膨胀和更小的收缩。由于粗氧化铝和2重量%氧化钇,这种组合物具有非常稳定的烧制工艺窗口。这就是于介电炉中干燥的2英寸直径的挤出体。
表7中的实施例31至37表明这类组合物,其中,所有的镁都由滑石提供并且氧化铝具有更小的粒径(约18微米MPS)。所有实施例都具有1.9重量%氧化钇添加剂。实施例31使用15%的马铃薯淀粉。实施例32使用15%玉米淀粉,这提供更小的孔但非常窄的孔径分布。实施例33含有30%石墨,但仍然提供有用的中值孔径(12μm)和窄的孔径分布(df=0.29)。实施例34使用玉米淀粉和石墨的混合物以达到优良的性质。实施例35显示,对于同样的烧制程序,较大的氧化铝和滑石造成较小的烧制收缩并使孔径相比实施例32增大。由青豆淀粉制成的实施例36得到15微米的孔和非常窄的孔径分布。使用马铃薯淀粉的实施例37显示,较大的氧化铝和滑石使孔径相对于实施例31增大。
表3
Figure A200780024344D00181
表4
Figure A200780024344D00191
表5
Figure A200780024344D00201
表6
Figure A200780024344D00211
表7
Figure A200780024344D00221
表8
Figure A200780024344D00231
表9
Figure A200780024344D00232

Claims (20)

1.一种包含第一晶体相和第二晶体相的陶瓷制品,所述第一晶体相主要由钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体组成,所述第二晶体相包含堇青石,其中,所述陶瓷制品的总孔隙率%P大于40体积%。
2.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其以氧化物基准表示的组成如下,a(Al2TiO5)+b(MgTi2O5)+c(2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2)+d(3Al2O3·2SiO2)+e(MgO·Al2O3)+f(2MgO·TiO2)+g(Y2O3)+h(La2O3)+i(Fe2O3 TiO2)+j(TiO2),其中a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i和j是各组分的重量分数,满足(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j)=1.00,其中,0.3≤a≤0.75、0.075≤b≤0.3、0.02≤c≤0.5、0.0≤d≤0.4、0.2≤a≤0.75、0.075≤b≤0.3、0.02≤c≤0.5、0.0≤d≤0.4、0.0≤e≤0.25、0.0≤f≤0.1、0.0≤g≤0.05、0.0≤h≤0.05、0.0≤i≤0.05和0.0≤j≤0.20。
3.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其按照以氧化物基准的重量百分数表示的组成如下:4-10%MgO、40-55%Al2O3、25-35%TiO2、5-25%SiO2
4.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其按照以氧化物基准的重量百分数表示的组成如下:5-10%MgO、40-50%Al2O3、30-35%TiO2、10-20%SiO2
5.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其还包括大于50体积%的总孔隙率%P。
6.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其包括在25-1000℃范围内测得小于或等于15×10-7/℃的热膨胀系数。
7.如权利要求6所述的陶瓷制品,其包括在25-1000℃范围内测得小于或等于10×10-7/℃的热膨胀系数。
8.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品,其包括在10μm至30μm范围的中值孔径d50
9.如权利要求8所述的陶瓷制品,其包括在18μm至25μm范围的中值孔径d50
10.一种包含权利要求1所述的陶瓷制品的柴油机微粒过滤器,其中,所述柴油机微粒过滤器包括蜂窝体结构,该结构具有多个沿轴向延伸的端部堵塞的进气孔和出气孔。
11.一种制造陶瓷制品的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供无机批料组合物,该组合物包含氧化镁源、氧化硅源、氧化铝源和氧化钛源;
将该无机批料组合物与一种或多种加工助剂混合,以形成增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物,所述加工助剂选自:增塑剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、成孔剂和溶剂;
将该增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物成形为生坯体;和
在能有效地将该生坯体转化为陶瓷制品的条件下对该生坯体进行烧制,所述陶瓷制品包含第一晶体相和第二晶体相,所述第一晶体相主要由钛酸铝和二钛酸镁的固溶体组成,所述第二晶体相包含堇青石,其中,所述陶瓷制品的总孔隙率%P大于40体积%。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述无机批料组合物还包含至少一种金属氧化物烧结助剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属氧化物烧结助剂包含氧化钇或氧化镧的至少一种。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述无机批料组合物还包含为铁氧化物或Fe2TiO5的铁。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,相对于无机批料组合物的总重量,所述至少一种金属氧化物按照氧化物的重量百分数基准计,其存在量为大于0至5重量%。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,相对于无机批料组合物的总重量,所述Fe2TiO5按照氧化物的重量百分数基准计,其存在量为大于0至3重量%。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述增塑的陶瓷前体批料组合物通过经模具挤出成形。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述成形的生坯体是蜂窝体。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述能有效地将生坯体转化为陶瓷制品的烧制条件包括,在1250℃至1450℃的最高热炼温度下加热生坯体,使保持最高热炼温度足够长的时间以便使生坯体转化为陶瓷制品。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述最高热炼温度为1300℃至1350℃,所述保持时间为2至24小时。
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JP5178715B2 (ja) * 2006-06-30 2013-04-10 コーニング インコーポレイテッド コージェライトチタン酸アルミニウムマグネシウム組成物及びこの組成物を含むセラミック製品

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CN102858717A (zh) * 2010-04-26 2013-01-02 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 用于挤出模塑体的组合物
CN105283429A (zh) * 2012-11-30 2016-01-27 康宁股份有限公司 堇青石铝镁酞酸盐组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品
CN105283429B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2018-07-03 康宁股份有限公司 堇青石铝镁酞酸盐组合物及包含该组合物的陶瓷制品
CN105848753A (zh) * 2013-09-23 2016-08-10 康宁股份有限公司 高堇青石/富铝红柱石比例的堇青石-富铝红柱石-铝镁钛酸盐组合物及包括该组合物的陶瓷制品
US11078121B2 (en) 2013-09-23 2021-08-03 Corning Incorporated High cordierite-to-mullite ratio cordierite-mullite-aluminum magnesium titanate compositions and ceramic articles comprising same
CN105939982A (zh) * 2013-11-27 2016-09-14 康宁股份有限公司 钛酸铝组合物、包含该组合物的陶瓷制品及其制备方法
CN106348728A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-01-25 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 低膨胀坭兴陶的制作工艺
CN106316367A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-01-11 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 坭兴陶烹调器的制作工艺
CN106348728B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2018-11-30 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 低膨胀坭兴陶的制作工艺
CN106242526B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2019-03-05 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺
CN106316367B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2019-03-15 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 坭兴陶烹调器的制作工艺
CN106242526A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-21 钦州市鸿立坭兴有限责任公司 耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺
CN110418674A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2019-11-05 康宁股份有限公司 复合陶瓷材料、制品和制造方法

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