CN101401472A - 无线网状网络中现场设备消息路由的可视映射 - Google Patents
无线网状网络中现场设备消息路由的可视映射 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
控制系统使用无线网状网络提供主机计算机和现场设备之间的通信。通过从每个节点收集网络性能数据来监测无线网状网络的性能,该性能数据例如是:与该节点通信的节点、面向不同节点的链路接收的信号强度、每个链路上出现错误的次数以及与各个其它的节点发生通信的频繁度。使用基于从无线网状网络的节点收集的数据的性能统计,生成可视网络映射。可视网络映射允许用户确定消息通过无线网状网络所采取的路由、诊断潜在的问题以及做出调整以改善网络性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无线网络。特别地,本发明涉及一种无线网状网络,其中,在主机和无线网状网络节点处的现场设备之间传送过程控制消息。
背景技术
在许多工业环境中,控制系统被用来监测和控制存货、过程等。通常,这种控制系统包括具有主机计算机的集中式控制室,该主机计算机和控制室分离的或地理上有距离的现场设备通信。
一般地,每个现场设备包括换能器,该换能器基于物理输入产生输出信号或基于输入信号产生物理输出。现场设备中所使用的换能器的类型包括各种分析仪、压力传感器、热敏电阻、热偶、应变仪、流传感器、定位器、致动器、螺线管、指示器等等。
传统上,模拟现场设备由两线双绞线电流回路连接至过程子系统和控制室,每个设备由单个两线双绞线回路连接至控制室。典型地,在两线之间保持大约为20-25伏特的电压差,以及经过回路的4-20毫安(mA)的电流。模拟现场设备通过把经过电流回路的电流调制为与感测到的过程变量成比例的电流,向控制室发送信号。在控制器的控制下,过程子系统的端口调整经过回路的电流的大小,由此来控制模拟现场设备在控制室的控制下执行动作。
然而历史上现场设备仅能执行一种功能,近年来,在电流回路上叠加数字数据的混合系统已经应用于分布式控制系统。高速可寻址远程换能器(HART)在电流回路信号上叠加数字载波信号。数字载波信号能被用来发送次级和诊断信息。载波信号上提供的信息的示例包括次级过程变量、诊断信息(如传感器诊断、设备诊断、配线诊断、过程诊断等)、操作温度、传感器温度、校准数据、设备ID号码、配置信息等。因此,单个现场设备可包括多种输入和输出变量以及可实现多种功能。
另一方法使用数字通信总线把多个现场设备连接至控制室中的主机。把现场设备连接至数字总线所使用的数字通信协议的示例包括Foundation Fieldbus、Profibus、Modbus和DeviceNet。能够在与向现场设备供电的同一双线线路上提供主机计算机与多个现场设备之间的双向数字消息通信。
典型地,通过从控制室到远程应用铺设很长的干线电缆(homeruncable),向控制系统增加远程应用。例如,如果远程应用有半英里远,铺设这样一条长电缆涉及的成本会较高。如果需要铺设到远程应用的多条干线电缆,则成本变得甚至更高。无线通信提供了一种理想的选择,而且在工业过程控制系统中已经提出使用无线网状网络。然而,为了把成本减到最小,也希望保留现存控制系统和通信协议,从而减小与改变现存系统以适应无线通信相关联的成本。
在为基于低功率传感器/致动器的应用设计的无线网状网络系统中,网络中的许多设备必须由长寿命电池或低功率能量采集(energy-scavenging)电源来供电。电源出口,比如120伏特交流电,典型地不是位于危险区域附近,或允许进入危险区域,仪器(传感器)和致动器必须位于没有带来巨大安装费用的区域。低安装成本的要求促使需要把电池供电设备通信作为无线网状网络的一部分。有效地利用有限的电源,如不能再充电的原电池,对于良好运转的无线设备来说是至关重要的。期望电池支持不少于5年,而且优选地与产品寿命一样长。
在一个真实的无线网状网络中,每个节点必须能够为本身以及网状网络中的其它节点路由消息。消息经由网络从节点到节点跳跃的概念是有用的,原因是能使用低功率RF无线电装置,并且网状网络能跨越很大的物理区域,把消息从一端传送至另一端。在网状网络中不必使用大功率无线电装置,相反是使用点对点系统,该系统采用与集中式基站直接对话的远程节点。
网状网络协议允许在节点之间以及节点与数据采集器、桥路或某些更高级别的更高速数据总线的网关之间形成消息传送的备选路径。提供备选、冗余的路径用于无线消息,通过保证至少有一条备选路径顺畅,即使其它路径由于环境影响或由于干扰变得拥塞或恶化,也能够提高数据的可靠性。
某些网状网络协议的路由是确定的,使得每个节点被分配父亲(parent)和至少一个备选父亲。在网状网络的层级中,很像一个家庭,父亲有子女,子女有孙子女等。每个节点经由网络把其后代(descendant)的消息中继至某个最终目的地,如网关。父亲节点可以是电池供电或有限能量供电的设备。节点的后代越多,其需要路由的通信量就越多,这直接增加了其本身的功耗,并缩减了其电池的寿命。
发明内容
使用网络的可视表示可评估具有多个节点的无线网状网络的性能,该可视表示图形化地示出了节点的位置和节点之间的链路,该链路用于路由消息通过网状网络。可视表示基于与节点有关的位置信息和从节点收集的网络性能参数。
网络性能参数可包括,例如与特定节点已建立通信链路的其它节点的标识、每个链路上的无线电信号强度、每个链路上丢失的消息的数目或其它错误的个数、以及每个链路上通信发生的频繁度。可视表示允许用户检查网状网络内的通信路径,以发现潜在的问题并对网络做出调整以改善通信性能。
附图说明
图1为示出控制系统的示意图,其中,无线网状网络在主机和现场设备之间路由无线消息。
图2为提供无线网状网络的消息路由和网络性能的图形可视化的方法的流程图。
图3A和3B为图1的无线网状网络的可视网络映射,使用在不同的时间从无线网络的节点获取的位置信息和性能统计而形成。
图4-6示出了备选的可视网络映射。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种方法,用于图形化地显现无线网状网络中节点之间消息传递时采取的路由。在典型的控制系统中,在控制中心处的主机计算机和位于实际场所(physical plant)内的现场设备交互,并显示其必须提供的信息。主机计算机和现场设备之间的消息通信可通过有线连接或通过无线网状网络而进行。在低功率无线网状网络中,设备消息不会从主机直接传送至目标现场设备;在到达其目的地前,可能采取无线网状网络中的多个路由。在实践中,希望了解消息通过无线网状网络所采取的路由,以便如果必要的话可以调整物理网络的拓扑,从而使网络以更理想的方式通信。目前,没有任何方法让有资格的人员检查无线网状网络的动态特征和了解这种类型的信息,以便做出调整或发现潜在的问题。本发明是一种图形化的方法,用于显示现场设备消息通过无线网状网络传送在其前往目的地的路径上所采取的路由。可向用户提供无线网络的可视表示(如可视网络映射),其中网络的每个节点用图标表示。所绘制的互相连接图标的线表示无线节点之间的通信链路。该图形显示实际上是动态的,因为通过网络的路径将会基于从节点收集的网络性能数据而实时地更新。
图1示出了控制系统10,该控制系统是其中能使用无线网络中的信号路由的可视映射的系统的示例。控制系统10包括主机计算机12、高速网络14和无线网状网络16,所述无线网状网络包括网关18和无线节点20、22、24、26、28以及30。网关18经由高速网络14把网状网络16与主机计算机12接口连接。消息可经由网络14从主机计算机12传送至网关18,然后通过许多不同路径中的一种传送至网状网络16的一个被选定的节点。相似地,来自网状网络16的单个节点的消息在网状网络16中通过许多不同路径中的一种从节点到节点路由,直至该消息到达网关18,然后经由高速网络14传送至主机12。
控制系统10可以使用为有线分布式控制系统设计的和在其中使用的现场设备,以及专门设计为在无线网状网络中使用的无线发射机的现场设备。节点20、22、24、26、28以及30示出了包括传统现场设备的无线节点的示例。
无线节点20包括无线电装置32、无线设备路由器(WDR)34、和现场设备FD1以及FD2。节点20是包含一个唯一的无线地址和两个唯一的现场设备地址的节点的示例。
节点22、24、26、和28是示出包含一个唯一的无线地址和一个唯一的现场设备地址的各个示例。节点22包括无线电装置36、无线设备路由器38、和现场设备FD3。相似地,现场设备24包括无线电装置40、WDR 42、和现场设备FD4;节点26包括无线电装置44、WDR 46、和现场设备FD5,以及节点28包括无线电装置48、WDR 50、和现场设备FD6。
节点30包含一个唯一的无线地址和三个唯一的现场设备地址。该节点包括无线电装置52、WDR 54、和现场设备FD7、FD8、和FD9。
无线网络16优选地是一个低功率网络,其中许多节点由长寿命电池或低功率能量采集电源来供电。可根据网状网络的配置提供经由无线网络16的通信,其中,消息通过网络16从节点到节点传送。这允许使用低功率射频无线电装置,同时允许网络16跨越很大的物理区域把消息从网络的一端传送至另一端。
在控制系统10中,主机计算机12与现场设备FD1-FD9交互,并显示包含在从现场设备FD1-FD9接收的消息中的信息。在无线网状网络16中,从主机计算机12到现场设备FD1-FD9的消息和从现场设备FD1-FD9返回到主机计算机12的消息在其到达最终目的地前,可采取多个路由通过网络16。图1示出了一种简化的系统,仅具有6个无线节点20-30;然而,无线网状网络16可能包括许多另外的节点,因此可能存在用于消息传送的许多另外的潜在路由。
在实践中,希望了解消息通过无线网状网络采取的路由,使得如果需要的话可以调整物理网络的拓扑,从而使无线网状网络有效地通信。过去,没有向用户提供如下能力:检查无线网状网络的动态特征以发现网络的优势和短处、诊断和检修网络内的问题、探测可能由一个或多个节点的损坏引起的网络性能的变化、或探测起因于实际场所中的变化而造成的网络性能的变化;其中在实际场所中,网络操作会对节点间的无线链路引入新的干扰源。
图2所示的方法40提供了一种工具,通过该工具用户可评估无线网状网络的性能,以发现潜在的问题,并采取纠正动作。使用指示每个节点的位置的位置信息(步骤42)和从每个节点收集的性能信息(步骤44),生成无线网络的可视表示(步骤46)。该可视表示可以是可视网络映射,其中,网络的每个节点用图标表示。图标间所绘制的线条表示节点间的通信活动。其它网络性能参数也能作为映射的一部分显示,如每个链路上接收的无线电信号强度、特定链路上的错误率以及每个链路上活动发生的数目。
网络的可视表示的生成使用了与节点有关的位置信息,以提供无线网络的拓扑的物理布局。位置信息可在无线网络的安装期间收集。安装者(installer)可提供所安装的每个节点的位置信息。位置信息可是以GPS坐标的形式,或可通过节点关于实际场所布局内的其它结构的相对位置而定义。备选地,某些或全部节点可包括嵌入的GPS传感器,以便提供节点的GPS坐标,作为通过无线网状网络发送的消息的一部分。另一种备选是为无线网状网络内的特定节点建立位置信息,然后使用三角测量技术得到其它节点的位置。
位置数据被收集并存入数据库。当向网络增加新节点或移动现有的节点时,必须更新位置信息,以便在可视网络映射中准确地描绘节点的位置。
位置信息允许可视网络映射准确地显示无线网状网络的节点的相对位置。另外,位置信息可用来把网络的节点映射在实际场所布局的映像(image)上。这可用来显示节点关于场所中其它物理对象的相对位置,该对象例如可能干扰特定节点间的通信。
当控制系统10首先初始化时,从每个节点收集网络性能数据。对于给定的节点,性能数据包括与给定节点已建立通信链路的节点的标识。性能数据也可以包括每个建立的链路上发生传输的数目、每个链路上已经发生的错误的数目以及每个链路上所接收的信号的信号强度。
这种性能数据以消息的形式而报告,该消息被发送至网关18并可被存储在网关18,或继续发送至主机计算机12。在任一情况下,随着从每个节点收集到性能数据,可使用该数据构建可视网络映射。一旦从全部节点收集到数据,那么就能显示完整的映射。
以最简化的形式,可视网络映射显示每个节点的物理位置以及由该节点与邻近的节点建立的链路。通过观察节点和链路,可确定路由消息至特定的节点(和位于该节点处的现场设备)经由的路径。
随着网络继续操作,收集到性能数据,使得可视网络映射可被动态地更新。从节点处收集性能数据可以定期的调度时间而进行,或根据需要响应于从网关18发送至每个节点的命令而执行。数据的按需收集可由与主机计算机12交互的用户发起。
可视网络映射显示在主机计算机12处,尽管其也可显示在其它位置。当有用户请求时,主机计算机12上运行的应用程序使用所存储的位置信息和网络性能数据以若干不同格式中的一种格式来创建可视网络映射。当从无线网络16收集到新数据时,由主机计算机12的应用动态地重绘可视网络映射。
图3A示出了可视网络映射50,该可视网络映射表示无线网状网络16在开始时的操作。在该示例中,可视网络映射50以方框的形式示出了各个节点20-30。在不同的节点20-30间建立的通信链路L1-L10用节点间的直线表示。
在本特定示例中,在映射50上没有示出其它性能数据,如错误率、信号强度或链路使用的频率。然而,可视网络映射的其它方案可以以各种图形形式来提供该信息。另外,可视网络映射50可包括用户移动箭头或光标来选择特定链路的能力。当选定了特定的链路时,可提供针对该链路的性能数据的显示。相似地,特定节点的选择可导致与该节点相关联的网络性能信息的显示。除了上文所讨论的数据外,还能显示与节点操作有关的其它参数。例如,使用该显示把检查每个节点处的电池寿命作为网络的可视检查的一部分。
图3B示出了在稍后时间的可视网络映射50,在该时刻,节点24和26间不再发生通信。在图3B中没有呈现链路L6(图3A中示出)。这可能是由于安装网络16的场所中的一个或其它节点处的损坏或故障、或是由于引入新的干扰源(如一种新仪器)所造成的结果。通过监测可视网络映射50中示出的链路的变化,用户可发现潜在的问题,如果有的话,并确定必要的纠正动作。例如,在附近增加另外的节点可提供备选路径,以代替节点24和26之间不再直接地存在的链路。备选地,为了重新建立链路,可能需要重新定位该节点之一。
图4-6示出了其它的显示格式和不同数目的节点。在图4中,可视网络映射60包括许多节点N和链路L,用于比图1、3A和3B的控制系统10更大的系统。在映射60中示出了多个无线网络。图5示出了可视网络映射70,该可视网络映射包括叠加在场所布局P上的节点N和链路L。在图6中,示出了作为映射80的一部分的信号强度图S。可利用使用不同的网络性能数据的许多不同的显示格式向用户提供评估无线网状网络的性能所需的信息。
虽然本发明参考优选实施例而得以描述,然而本领域的技术人员可以理解,在不背离本发明精神和范围的前提下,可以在形式和细节上有所变化。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于评估具有多个节点的无线网状网络的性能的方法,所述方法包括:
收集与所述节点有关的位置信息;
从所述节点收集网络性能数据;以及
基于所述位置信息和所述网络性能数据,生成所述网络的可视表示。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述可视表示包括表示每个节点的图标,而且每个图标基于所述位置信息而在所述可视表示中定位。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述可视表示包括连接图标的线条,所述线条代表所述节点之间的通信链路。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述通信链路基于所述网络性能数据。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述可视表示包括从邻近节点接收的无线电信号强度的表示。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述网络性能数据包括以下至少一项:链路上接收的无线电信号强度、链路上丢失的消息、以及链路上的消息的数目。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述可视表示被映射到所述节点所处区域的物理布局。
8.一种系统,包括:
具有多个节点的无线网状网络;
网关,用于从所述节点收集网络性能数据;
数据存储器,用于存储所述网络性能数据和节点位置数据;
包括应用程序的主机计算机,用于基于所述网络性能数据和所述节点位置信息生成可视网络映射;以及
显示器,用于显示所述可视网络映射。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统,还包括:
多个现场设备,每个现场设备与所述多个节点之一相关联。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,所述主机计算机通过所述网关和所述无线网状网络向所述现场设备发送消息以及从所述现场设备接收消息。
11.如权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述应用程序动态地更新所述可视网络映射。
12.如权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述可视网络映射基于所述节点位置数据而描述节点的位置,并基于所述网络性能数据而描述所述节点之间的无线链路。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述可视网络映射包括物理场所的布局,在所述物理场所中容纳了至少一些节点。
14.如权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述可视网络映射描述了无线链路上面向节点的接收的无线电信号强度。
15.如权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述网络性能数据包括以下至少一项:节点间的链路上接收的信号强度、丢失的消息和消息的数目。
16.一种用于评估具有多个节点的无线网状网络的性能的方法,所述方法包括:
从所述节点收集网络性能数据;以及
显示可视网络映射,该可视网络映射基于所述网络性能数据而示出了消息通过所述无线网状网络的路由。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述可视网络映射基于节点位置数据而显示所述无线网状网络的节点的位置。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述可视网络映射包括节点之间的线条,所述线条表示无线通信链路,所述线条从所述网络性能数据中获得。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述无线网状网络包括网关,而且所述网关从所述节点收集所述网络性能数据。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述可视网络映射包括物理场所的描述,所述节点中至少一些节点位于所述物理场所中。
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CN107306206A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-31 | 费希尔-罗斯蒙特系统公司 | 无线网状网络分析与配置 |
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CN108696387A (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-23 | 费希尔-罗斯蒙特系统公司 | 用于过程控制系统中的无线网状网络的预测性连通性诊断 |
CN108696387B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2022-05-03 | 费希尔-罗斯蒙特系统公司 | 用于过程控制系统中的无线网状网络的预测性连通性诊断 |
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