CN101356879A - Quick efficient breeding method of detoxicated small seed potato - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick and efficient breeding method of a virus-free small potato seed, which belongs to the technical field of seed-breeding of crops. The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of facilities; (2) preparation of matrix; (3) preparation of potato seeds: 5-20g of original minituber seeds of the virus-free potatoes are germinated to obtain buds, then the buds are refined one month before sowing; (4) sowing of the potato seeds; (5) seedling growing of the potato seeds; (6) collection of the original small potato seeds: the seeds can be collected for 4-5 times in the whole growing period, over 10g of an individual plant of the minitubers can produce over 59 potato seeds and produce 413,000 small potato seeds per mu, and the propagation coefficient is 1:91.7, which reaches or approximates the propagation coefficient of the conventional seed crops. The breeding method is suitable for breeding original small potato seeds from the original virus-free small potato seeds (minitubers), simplifies the fine virus-free potato seed breeding system, promotes the popularization and application of the virus-free potatoes, and can be popularized and applied to potato production.

Description

A kind of quick efficient breeding method of detoxicated small seed potato

Technical field

The present invention relates to crops raising technology field, relate in particular to a kind of toxicity-removing white potato is produced the original seed small seed potato by the breeder's stock micro potato quick efficient breeding method.

Background technology

The production technology of detoxification technology of potato and detoxification test tube plantlet, test tube micro potato, micro potato generation breeder's stock reaches its maturity, all formed certain industry size at home and abroad, the degree that has reached large-scale commercial applicationsization is produced in the batch production of present domestic detoxification breeder's stock (micro potato), production cost can be controlled in 0.1 yuan/, and (8～10g), selling price is at 0.3～0.5 yuan/.Because the potato reproduction coefficient is less, in existing toxicity-removing white potato stock breeding system, generally, could supply production making regional breeder's stock (micro potato) need two seasons after 2 years four generations were bred the production breeding.Breeder's stock (micro potato) though price in the expansion in four generations is numerous, obtain gradually digestion, substantially can not cause cost pressure to final breeding price, but after open the breeding of four generation open countrys, the virus-free potato probability of infective virus once more just increases greatly, thereby has influenced its effect of increasing production, there are some researches show, the open generation of whenever breeding of open country, the effect of increasing production of virus-free potato just reduces by 15%, breeds through four generations, and the effect of increasing production of virus-free potato just reduces by 60%.Therefore improve the potato reproduction coefficient, it is from generation to generation one of key problem in technology of promoting toxicity-removing white potato that shortening is bred.

Simultaneously, general potato is all adopted potato piece stripping and slicing sowing, but the most potato piece of promoting in recent years of new varieties is bigger, and eye is less, but stripping and slicing quantity is also few, causes the potato sowing quantity to increase, and mu potato seed cost is too high, has influenced the further popularization of toxicity-removing white potato.Correlation test shows that the little whole photo sowing of 10～15g and the yampi of 30～50g or yampi stripping and slicing sowing output do not have significant difference.Therefore, the scale high efficiency, low cost is produced another key problem in technology that the technology of little whole potato is the popularization toxicity-removing white potato.

Chinese patent " little potato highly effective stereo breeding method of a kind of potato detoxicating and breeding equipment thereof " (CN1326447C) discloses a kind of mating system and equipment of mist training method production detoxification small seed potato, can increase substantially the individual plant knot potato number of small de-poisoned patato.But the equipment and the material cost of this mist training method are higher, and administrative skill is strong, thus only be applicable to production breeder's stock (micro potato), and be not suitable for being used for the production of original seed.

Summary of the invention

The present invention seeks to, at existing toxicity-removing white potato in the potato seed reproductive process, ubiquitous propagation generation is many, effect of increasing production is poor, reproduction coefficient is low, with kind of cost height and mist training existing equipment of method and material cost height, administrative skill is strong, and only be applicable to and produce breeder's stock defectives such as (micro potatos), propose a kind of simple and easy with material, management is simple, cost is lower, both suitable for producing breeder's stock (micro potato) also was fit to produce the original seed small seed potato, and open country is bred the method that short from generation to generation toxicity-removing white potato is rapidly and efficiently bred.

The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical programs:

A kind of quick efficient breeding method of detoxicated small seed potato, this method is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) facility is prepared; Comprise,

1) common standard booth or beam-connected greenhouse, behind the covering horticultural covering film, doorway and ventilating opening all are provided with 40～60 order fly nets;

2) soil is pressed furrow face 90cm in the booth, furrow width 30cm, and the high 20cm bedding of furrow, and potato grown base manure is disposable to apply;

3) the furrow face spread after smooth fabric width 100cm 40～60 order fly nets, shakeout;

4) in the booth according to a conventional method after desinsection, the sterilization, standby;

(2) matrix is prepared: in the potato sowing before at least 1 month, with sawdust, peat, farmyard manure and composite fertilizer 70: 25: 4.8 by weight percentage: 0.2 ratio is mixed, mixes thoroughly, does to pile, watered, epiphragma, fermentation, and is standby;

(3) potato seed is prepared: with the micro potato breeder's stock of toxicity-removing white potato 5～20g, in broadcasting beginning vernalization in preceding 1 month, and suitably refine bud, bud reaches more than the 2cm when guaranteeing to sow, and is standby;

(4) potato seed sowing: permeable at step (1) furrow face top-pour, use then matrix that step (2) ferments on furrow face upper berth two respectively apart from furrow limit 20～25cm, wide 5～8cm, high 2～3cm be parallel to furrow to the matrix band; The budded potato breeder's stock of step (3) is pressed spacing in the rows 10～15cm, and bud is sowed in the matrix band up, and potato seed is fully by the matrix drowning; After broadcasting with the mulch film of fabric width 200cm Bai-Hei or Yin-Hei, black flour down, white (silver) faces up and is covered on the furrow face matrix band, the redundance after mulch film draws is very evenly put into two lateral sulcus;

(5) the potato seed growth of emerging: broadcast back 10～15 days, young shoot begins growth and jack-up mulch film, pulls out mulch film at jack-up place's rupture of membranes and with seedling, and the rupture of membranes hole should be as far as possible little;

(6) gathering of original seed small seed potato: after emerging 25～30 days, between mulch film and fly net, can satisfy level and take out life, a large amount of potato stolons distribute, when one-level stolon top potato original seed small seed potato grows to the 10g left and right sides, can mention a side mulch film gathers, later growing up along with secondary, three grades of stolon top small seed potatos, gathered once in general per 7～10 days, whole growth is gathered in the phase 4～5 times, begin the Huang that falls until acrial part, cut off the potato rattan, remove mulch film after, harvest the residue small seed potato.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

One, used material is simple, cost is low, easy and simple to handle and can repeat repeatedly to use, especially the usage amount of matrix has seldom significantly reduced the production cost that matrix is bred the potato original seed;

Two, the present invention can gather in batches or continuously at growing period, the seed potato of specification size basically identical, increased substantially the knot potato number of the little whole potato of potato individual plant, the average individual plant above small seed potato of 10g of gathering reaches 59,41.3 ten thousand of the little whole potatos of folding per mu yield are produced mu by the open country land for growing field crops and are broadcast 4500 caves, can plant 91.7 mu, reproduction coefficient is 1: 91.7, reaches or near the reproduction coefficient (seeing Table 1) of conventional seed crop.

Three, in the void layer of the present invention between mulch film and fly net, form and the interior similar growing environment of mist training case, a large amount of generations of the growth of suitable potato stolon and secondary, three grades of branches, have and the identical effect of mist training method, but its production facility is simplified greatly, cost is reduced, and cultivation management is easy; According to after planting 45 days statistics, potato was once, secondary and three stolon branch sums reach 82, and with under the kind routine soil cultivation condition, its once, only 14 of secondary (not having three times) branch amounts, be of the present invention 17.07% (see Table 2, table 3); Simultaneously, this method both had been fit to produce breeder's stock (micro potato), also was fit to produce the original seed small seed potato, again with this original seed small seed potato after a generation is bred in the open country opening, promptly can be used as and produce, have the advantages that cost is low, open country is bred the generation weak point, help applying of toxicity-removing white potato with planting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 detoxicated small seed potato is rapidly and efficiently bred the facility schematic diagram;

Wherein, 1 is potato set, 2 be Bai-Hei (mulch film of Yin-Hei), 3 is soil, 4 is the matrix band, 5 is fly net.

Embodiment

By following examples, experimental example also in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail, but should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to these contents.

Described material explanation:

Composite fertilizer: N, P, K ratio are that 15: 15: 15 Russia produces composite fertilizer;

Potato kind: Dutch kind Favorita;

The quick efficient breeding method 1 of an embodiment 1:(detoxicated small seed potato)

This method is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) facility is prepared, and comprising:

1) adopt the common standard booth, behind the covering horticultural covering film, doorway and ventilating opening all are provided with 60 order fly nets;

2) soil 3 is pressed furrow face 90cm in the booth, furrow width 30cm, and the high 20cm bedding of furrow, and execute 15 kilograms in potassium chloride by mu, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 kilograms in urea do that base manure is disposable to apply in the furrow;

3) the furrow face spread after smooth fabric width 100cm 60 order fly nets 5, shakeout;

4) desinsection, sterilization according to a conventional method in the booth, standby;

(2) matrix is prepared: on November 10th, 2007, with sawdust, peat, sheep excrement and composite fertilizer 70: 25: 4.8 by weight percentage: 0.2 ratio is mixed, mixes thoroughly, does to pile, is watered, epiphragma, fermentation, during every two weeks turning once, standby;

(3) potato seed was prepared: on January 5th, 2008, will be available from the Inner Mongol toxicity-removing white potato micro potato Holland kind Favorita (8～10g) of human relations agricultural science and technology company how, soak 30min with 60ppm gibberellin, drain back 20 ℃ of vernalization 15 days, room temperature is refined bud naturally, bud reaches more than the 2cm when guaranteeing to sow, and is standby;

(4) potato seed sowing: on February 20th, 2008, permeable at step (1) furrow face top-pour, use then matrix that step (2) ferments on furrow face upper berth two respectively apart from furrow limit 20～25cm, wide 5～8cm, high 2～3cm be parallel to furrow to matrix band 4, be used for fixing potato seed, and for moisture and nutrient are provided the early stage of emerging; The budded potato breeder's stock (micro potato) of step (3) is pressed spacing in the rows 15cm, and bud is sowed in matrix band 4 (about 7000 strain/mus) up, and potato seed is fully by the matrix drowning, and bud can expose or not expose matrix; After broadcasting with the mulch film 2 of fabric width 200cm Bai-Hei or Yin-Hei, black flour down, white (silver) faces up and is covered on the furrow face matrix band 4, the redundance after mulch film draws is very evenly put into two lateral sulcus;

(5) the potato seed growth of emerging: on March 6th, 2008, seedling 1 begins growth and jack-up mulch film 2, pulls out mulch film at jack-up place's rupture of membranes and with seedling, and the rupture of membranes hole should be as far as possible little;

(6) gathering of original seed small seed potato: opened a side mulch film 2 on April 6th, 2008, can find to have taken place on the fly net 5 under the film a large amount of potato stolons, the little potato in top begins growth; To April 21, begin to gather the above potato of 10g in batches, gather altogether in vegetative period four times, gathered in the crops by the gross to June 3 at last, add up to average individual plant 59 of the above small seed potatos of 10g (seeing Table 1) of gathering, 41.3 ten thousand of the little whole potatos of folding per mu yield, produce mu by the open country land for growing field crops and broadcast 4500 caves, can plant 91.7 mu, reproduction coefficient 1: 91.7 reaches or near the reproduction coefficient of conventional seed crop.Above-mentioned original seed small seed potato is bred a generation in the open country opening, after further enlarging, promptly can be used as and produces with planting.

Table 1 present embodiment is broadcast the result that in batches gathers of back small seed potato

The quick efficient breeding method 2 of an embodiment 2:(detoxicated small seed potato)

In this example, except that fly net 5 adopts 40 orders, all the other methods, step all are same as embodiment 1.

Experimental example: (with the branch situation contrast of kind potato stolon under different cultivation conditions)

This experimental example carried out in Zhejiang Hangzhou 20 days-June 3 February in 2008; Test, to growth, the branch situation of potato stolon, is added up respectively, is observed after sowing 45 days with the inventive method and conventional soil cultivation dual mode.

Because of tuber crops under the potato possession, the potato block length is on the sobole top, and generally each top can develop into a potato.The present invention system utilizes the stolon of potato than sturdy this principle of root system, after laying 40～60 order fly nets on the furrow face, the root system of potato can pass fly net, penetrate that soil absorbs water and nutrient, and support plant, and stolon can not pass fly net, in can only the void layer of detention between fly net and mulch film, this growing environment is similar to the interior environment of mist training case of mist training method, underground steam is formed moist droplet under mulch film, simultaneously air capacity of soils is good, the growth of suitable stolon and a large amount of secondarys, three grades of branches take place.Bai-Hei (or Yin-Hei) its top of mulch film is white or silver color, and reflective is good especially, can effectively reduce and tie potato layer temperature under the film, promotes potato knot potato, and simultaneously reflective for the potato bottom blade increases illumination, the increase photosynthetic yield helps the dense planting high yield; The mulch film below is black, for the growth of potato small seed potato, the environment that growth provides dark, avoids the rascal potato simultaneously.Enforcement is repeatedly gathered in vegetative period, has broken the apical dominance of stolon, has promoted the raised growth of side shoot potato greatly.When gathering, only need in ditch, upwards to lift the mulch film of a side, outside stolon under the film and small seed potato all are exposed to, just can gather easily.

Dutch kind Favorita stolon upgrowth situation after sowing 45 days under table 2, the condition of the present invention

A branch numbering	Length (cm)	The secondary branch amount	The longest secondary branch (cm)	The tertiary branching number	Knot potato number	Total branch amount
							1	29.5	10	15.0	9
2	19.0	9	14.3	15	2
							3	9.0	3	13.0
4	18.2	3	3.8
							5	14.5	3	1.0
6	17.2	2	0.1
							7	19.0	2	0
8	19.0	2	0
							9	19.0	4	0.5
10	13.3	0	0
							11	9.5	1	3.0
12	11.5	2	8.0
							13	3.6	0	0
14	5.0	2	1.8
							15	0.8	0	0
Add up to	208.1	43		24
													82

Table 3, conventional soil cultivation Holland kind Favorita stolon upgrowth situation after sowing 45 days

A branch numbering	Length (cm)	The secondary branch amount	The longest secondary branch (cm)	The tertiary branching number	Knot potato number	Total branch amount
							1	3.5	0	0		1
2	5.0	0	0		1
							3	8.2	0	0
4	4.8	3	1.4
							5	2.0	4	2.2
6	2.0	0	0		1
							7	0.5	0	0
Add up to	26.0	7

14

Under condition of the present invention, its stolon upgrowth situation (table 2) is observed in Holland's kind Favorita sowing after 45 days, one time branch amount reaches 15, total length reaches 208.1cm, 43 of secondary branch amounts, several 24 of tertiary branching adds up to several 82 of stolon top, and promptly potato number theoretical value can reach more than 82; Under conventional soil cultivation condition (table 3), only 7 of same branch amounts of kind, length 26.0cm, length only be of the present invention 12.49%, and only 7 of secondary branch amounts do not have tertiary branching, and 14 on total stolon top is of the present invention 17.07%.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of quick efficient breeding method of detoxicated small seed potato is characterized in that, this method is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) facility is prepared: comprise,

1) common standard booth or beam-connected greenhouse, behind the covering horticultural covering film, doorway and ventilating opening all are provided with 40～60 order fly nets;

2) soil is pressed furrow face 90cm in the booth, furrow width 30cm, and the high 20cm bedding of furrow, and potato grown base manure is disposable to apply;

3) the furrow face spread after smooth fabric width 100cm 40～60 order fly nets, shakeout;

4) in the booth according to a conventional method after desinsection, the sterilization, standby;

(2) matrix is prepared: in the potato sowing before at least 1 month, with sawdust, peat, farmyard manure and composite fertilizer 70: 25: 4.8 by weight percentage: 0.2 ratio is mixed, mixes thoroughly, does to pile, watered, epiphragma, fermentation, and is standby;

(3) potato seed is prepared: with the micro potato breeder's stock of toxicity-removing white potato 5～20g, in broadcasting beginning vernalization in preceding 1 month, and suitably refine bud, bud reaches more than the 2cm when guaranteeing to sow, and is standby;

(4) potato seed sowing: permeable at step (1) furrow face top-pour, use then matrix that step (2) ferments on furrow face upper berth two respectively apart from furrow limit 20～25cm, wide 5～8cm, high 2～3cm be parallel to furrow to the matrix band; The budded potato breeder's stock of step (3) is pressed spacing in the rows 10～15cm, and bud is sowed in the matrix band up, and potato seed is fully by the matrix drowning; After broadcasting with the mulch film of fabric width 200cm Bai-Hei or Yin-Hei, black flour down, white (silver) faces up and is covered on the furrow face matrix band, the redundance after mulch film draws is very evenly put into two lateral sulcus;

(5) the potato seed growth of emerging: broadcast back 10～15 days, young shoot begins growth and jack-up mulch film, pulls out mulch film at jack-up place's rupture of membranes and with seedling, and the rupture of membranes hole should be as far as possible little;

(6) gathering of original seed small seed potato: after emerging 25～30 days, between mulch film and fly net, can satisfy level and take out life, a large amount of potato stolons distribute, when one-level stolon top potato original seed small seed potato grows to the 10g left and right sides, can mention a side mulch film gathers, later growing up along with secondary, three grades of stolon top small seed potatos, gathered once in general per 7～10 days, whole growth is gathered in the phase 4～5 times, begin the Huang that falls until acrial part, cut off the potato rattan, remove mulch film after, harvest the residue small seed potato.

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