CN115088569A - Breeding method of virus-free potato seeds - Google Patents
Breeding method of virus-free potato seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088569A CN115088569A CN202210664302.3A CN202210664302A CN115088569A CN 115088569 A CN115088569 A CN 115088569A CN 202210664302 A CN202210664302 A CN 202210664302A CN 115088569 A CN115088569 A CN 115088569A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of virus-free seed potatoes, 1) a three-level breeding system: three-stage production of original seeds, original seeds and improved seeds is realized, and the whole potato is sowed; 2) planting and growing original seeds in a net shed, and selecting aphid-free areas or seasons for the original seeds and the improved seeds to plant and grow; 3) the original seeds, the original seeds and the improved seeds are all sowed by adopting high-density whole potatoes: the sowing density of the miniature potatoes produced by the original seeds is 15000 +/-500 grains/mu; the seeding density of the original seed and the improved seed is 10000 +/-500 grains/mu; 4) more than one plant growth regulator and leaf fertilizer are adopted for compounding in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage of the potato growth; 5) and (5) killing and accelerating maturity of seedlings in the strong age period after the expansion period, and harvesting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato planting, in particular to a breeding system in the production process of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
Background
The seed is the life line of agriculture. The potato is one of four grain crops, the production area of China is more than 8000 ten thousand mu, and the excellent seed potato is the key of high and stable yield. A healthy and standardized seed potato breeding system is the key for producing excellent seed potatoes.
The potato soil-borne diseases are the key for restricting the development of potatoes at present, firstly, the yield and the quality are influenced, secondly, the land is damaged, once healthy soil is infected by the soil-borne diseases through planting diseased seed potatoes, the healthy soil cannot be recovered for seven to eight years. Therefore, seed potatoes without soil-borne diseases must be produced and used. The prior art has no standard breeding system in the production process of the potato virus-free seed potatoes.
The key to achieve a good goal is that the whole potato is sown, and the potato peel can resist the infection of soil-borne fungi and bacteria. The source of the third-level breeding system is miniature potato which does not contain any pathogenic bacteria, and the miniature potato is used for whole potato seeding to produce original seeds, so that the miniature potato can be prevented from being infected by the pathogenic bacteria in soil; the produced original seed is also sowed in the whole potato to produce the original seed, and the same way is used for producing the improved seed. Thus ensuring that the potato seeds used by potato producers do not carry soil-borne pathogens and protecting healthy soil.
The formation and expansion of potato tubers are greatly influenced by self hormones, cytokinin can increase the number of cells and promote multiple potatoes, and other growth regulators and leaf fertilizers are used for realizing balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method and a system for virus-free seed potatoes according to the defects of the prior art, so as to ensure that the seed potatoes have strong yield-increasing factors and have no cultivation mode and planting technology of soil-borne pathogens. In particular from the point of view of cultivation models and planting techniques.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a three-stage breeding method of virus-free seed potato comprises planting stock seed in net shed; all grades of seed potatoes are produced and sown in a whole potato mode; planting at high density; killing seedlings in a strong age period and harvesting; multiple plant growth regulators and leaf fertilizers are compounded for use in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage; the seed potatoes are 25-150 g; selling by individual; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) a third-level breeding system: the three-level seed potatoes of the original seeds, the original seeds and the fine seeds are all sowed in whole potatoes;
2) planting original seeds in a net shed, and selecting aphid-free areas or seasons for planting and growing the original seeds and the improved seeds;
3) the original seeds, the original seeds and the improved seeds are all sowed by adopting high-density whole potatoes: the sowing density of the miniature potatoes produced by the original seeds is 15000 +/-500 grains/mu; the sowing density of the original seeds and the improved seeds is 10000 +/-500 grains/mu;
4) more than one plant growth regulator and leaf fertilizer are adopted for compounding in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage of growth;
5) killing seedlings, accelerating maturity and harvesting in a strong age period after the expansion period;
6) the size of the whole seed potato is 25-150 g of tender potato;
7) strictly classified according to weight.
Preferably, the third-level breeding system in the step 1) is as follows: original seeds, original seeds and improved seeds can be produced only in the forward direction, but can not be produced in the reverse direction;
preferably, said step 2) must avoid aphid-borne infestation.
Preferably, the whole potatoes must be sown in step 3), regardless of the size of the whole potatoes, even 150 grams.
Preferably, in the step 4), the high-density sowing is carried out, the production of original seeds is not less than 15000 seeds/mu, and the production of original seeds and improved seeds is not less than 10000 seeds/mu.
Preferably, the compounding of the multiple plant growth regulators and the foliar fertilizer in the step 5) must be implemented according to the growth stage, and the concentration is from low to high.
Preferably, the strong-age seedling killing in the step 6) is based on the principle that the potato size cannot be used as a standard, but the earlier the potato age is, the better the potato is.
Preferably, the strict classification in step 7).
Preferably, the storage is performed in step 8) under strict conditions, such as low temperature ventilation.
Preferably, the selling in step 9) is by one. At present, potato seeds are sold according to jin, and the seed consumption per mu cannot be accurately counted; 9) the cost is saved by more than 250 yuan per mu.
The invention uses the inherent yield increasing factor of the potato to achieve high yield: intrinsic factor of potato yield increase: 1) is the apical bud advantage; the potato is a tuber and is a metamorphosis of a stem, so that the top superiority of buds is determined, the buds tend to descend from the top, the germination time is delayed, and the growth vigor and the potato bearing quantity of the next generation are also reduced. 2) The strong physiological activity of the young potato is divided into the following parts according to physiological age: the internal physiological activities of the young potatoes, the strong potatoes and the old potatoes are that the young potatoes have the strongest physiological activity, the old potatoes have the weakest physiological activity, and the seedling emergence date, the uniformity and the yield of the next generation are all influenced; therefore, how to utilize the intrinsic yield-increasing factor is the key to achieve high yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method ensures clear generation of the virus-free seed potatoes by 1) producing three-level seed potatoes of original seeds, original seeds and improved seeds; 2) original seed net shed planting, original seed, fine breed no aphid area or no aphid season planting, ensuring potato not infected by aphid; 3) the whole potato is sown, the seed cutting and dressing costs are saved, the apical bud advantage is fully exerted, seedlings emerge in advance for 7 days, the seedling emergence is neat, the seedling aligning time is shortened for 7 days, the growth vigor after the seedlings emerge is strong, the growth period is shortened, the growth period is increased by more than 50 percent compared with that of the caudal knot potato, and meanwhile, the potato is not infected by soil-borne fungi and bacterial diseases in soil; 4) the seedlings are killed in the strong age period, so that the harvested seed potatoes are young potatoes, the physiological activity of the seed potatoes is improved, and the next generation has strong growth vigor and high yield; 5) the growth period of each grade of potato production is shortened by more than 20 days; 6) the growth period of the production of the commercial potatoes is shortened by 7 days; 7) the popularization rate of terminal buds produced by seed potatoes is 100 percent, and the popularization rate of terminal buds produced by commercial potatoes is more than 90 percent; 8) the seedlings are emerged for 7 days in advance, and the time for the seedlings to emerge completely is shortened by more than 7 days; 9) the number of the potatoes is increased by more than 30 percent in the production process of the seed potatoes; 10) the infection of soil-borne fungi and bacterial diseases is avoided; 11) according to the compound use of multiple plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers in different growth stages, the growth period is further shortened, and the potato bearing rate is increased by more than 30%; 12) the top buds are strictly graded according to weight, so that convenience is brought to growers for planting, and the popularization rate of the top buds is ensured; 13) selling according to each potato, and enabling the planting households to purchase more accurate potato seeds according to the land area and the planting density; 14) the production yield of the commercial potatoes is improved by over 20 percent. 15) Protecting the soil from being infected or less infected by soil-borne fungi and bacterial diseases; 16) seed cutting and medicament seed dressing are saved in seed potato production, seed cutting and medicament seed dressing are saved in a commodity potato production part, and 50-100 yuan is saved per mu; 17) the growth period of the seed potatoes is shortened by more than 20 days, fertilizers, pesticides, water and electricity and labor are saved, the cost per mu is reduced by 200 yuan, and the probability of disease infection is reduced; firstly, the growth period is shortened by more than 20 days, the production cost is saved, secondly, the plants in the strong age have strong resistance as young and strong people, are rarely infected with diseases, forcibly kill seedlings and stop growing, and reduce the chance of disease infection, thus ensuring that the potato seeds do not carry germs;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a potato virus-free seed potato breeding system.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a potato virus-free seed potato breeding system, the process flow is shown in figure 1:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a three-level breeding system; 2) sowing the whole potatoes; 3) sowing seeds at high density; 4) compounding various plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers; 5) killing seedlings in a strong age period; 6) strictly grading; 7) counting and storing; 8) and selling by one.
The potato virus-free miniature potato variety for production in the invention is a main domestic circulating variety at present, and the specific varieties for test are as follows: atlantic, netherlands, youjin 885, zhongshu five, 226.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a three-level potato seed production base, registering original breeder seeds in the applicant's place, namely Jiangsu province, the she-Yang county, building a net shed, producing the potato seeds in winter, summer and summer, and in spring and autumn, so that the cost is reduced; the stock production base is built in inner Mongolia root river city and is planted in an aphid-free area with a north latitude of 50 degrees or in aphid-free seasons in other areas; the improved variety production base is built in the area of the line of 46-49 degrees north latitude such as inner Mongolia dental calculus and the like, or is planted in aphid-free seasons in other areas.
The whole potato seeding in the invention runs through the whole breeding system, and is the key point for ensuring the quality of the potato seeds.
In the high-density planting, the seeding density of the miniature potatoes is 15000 grains/mu, the ridge width is 1.4 meters, 3 rows are sowed, the small row spacing is 35cm, and the plant spacing is 9.5 cm; 10000 seeds are sowed per mu for the original seeds and the improved seeds, the ridge width is 1.2 meters, the seeds are sowed in 2 rows, the small row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 11 cm;
in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage in the step 4), 6-BA, naphthylacetic acid, mepiquat chloride, humic acid, fish protein and other plant growth regulators are adopted or are compounded with leaf fertilizers, and the compounding effect of one plant growth regulator and one leaf fertilizer is better; the low concentration of 5-10PPM in seedling stage promotes growth, shortens growth period, the medium concentration of 10-15PPM in potato bearing stage increases stolon amount, the high concentration of 15-30PPM in expansion stage accelerates expansion, and further shortens growth period. In the examples, mepiquat chloride, humic acid and the like can be used.
Killing seedlings and accelerating maturity in the strong age period in the step 5), after seedlings fall off and before the seedlings begin to age or just enter the strong age period, killing seedlings by about 140 g of maximum potato seeds, crushing the seedlings to only reserve 10-12 cm of stems, spraying copper pesticide for sterilization, accelerating maturity for 7-10 days, and harvesting potato peels after aging;
the classification in the invention: in the step 6, the size of the single potato of the seed potato is 25-150 g of the tender potato; strict classification: the counting and packaging are carried out by four stages according to 25-40 g, 41-80 g, 81-110 g and 111-150 g, and the counting is carried out by a counting machine, thereby being convenient for planting households. Before sowing, the commercial potato grower can respectively cut the potatoes into two pieces, three pieces and four pieces according to the sizes (all the pieces are longitudinally cut by taking the top as the center to ensure the top bud planting), thereby realizing mechanical seed cutting.
After the storage and counting, each bag is filled with a label, the variety, grade, quantity, size, production date and manufacturer are noted, and the bags are placed into a 2 ℃ freshness preservation warehouse for storage, and ventilation is paid attention to during the storage and the production, so that oxygen deficiency is prevented. And (3) selling: sold by one, currently about 0.2 yuan each.
Counting and storing in step 8: filling labels in each bag, indicating variety, grade, quantity, size, production date and manufacturer, and storing in a 2 deg.C fresh-keeping warehouse.
The tissue culture method provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the invention provides a potato virus-free seed potato breeding system, which comprises the following steps:
1) building a third-level potato seed base; 2) sowing the whole potatoes; 3) planting at high density; 4) multiple plant growth regulators are compounded with the additives; 5) killing seedlings in a strong age period and harvesting; 6) storing; 7) and (4) selling.
In the examples, stock seed production
Production of stock
Production of improved variety
Table of production examples of commercial potatoes
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding virus-free potato seeds is characterized by comprising the steps of planting original seeds in a net shed; all grades of seed potatoes are produced and sown in a whole potato mode; planting at high density; killing seedlings in a strong age period and harvesting; more than one plant growth regulator and leaf fertilizer are compounded for use in a seedling stage, a potato bearing stage and an expansion stage; the seed potatoes are 25-150 g; selling by individual; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) a third-level breeding system: the method is characterized by comprising the steps of producing original seed potatoes, original seed potatoes and fine seed potatoes, wherein the whole potatoes are sowed;
2) the original seeds are planted and grown in the net shed, and the original seeds and the improved seeds are planted and grown in an aphid-free area or season;
3) the production of original seeds, original seeds and improved seeds adopts high-density and whole potato sowing: the seeding density of the miniature potatoes produced by the original stock seeds is 15000 +/-500 grains/mu; the seeding density of the original seed and the improved seed is 10000 +/-500 grains/mu;
4) more than one plant growth regulator and leaf fertilizer are adopted for compounding in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage of the potato growth;
5) killing seedlings, accelerating maturity and harvesting in the strong age period after the expansion period;
6) the size of the whole seed potato is 25-150 g of tender potato;
7) strictly classified according to weight.
2. The three-stage breeding system of claim 1, wherein the detoxified miniature potatoes are used for producing stock seeds in the step 1), the stock seeds are used for producing stock seeds, the stock seeds are used for producing improved seeds, the improved seeds are supplied to potato growers for producing commercial potatoes, and a three-stage breeding system is established; in the breeding process, the whole potatoes must be strictly sown, so that the soil-borne disease bacteria infection is strictly prevented, and the soil health is protected.
3. The breeding system of claim 1, wherein the stock seeds in step 2) are produced in a net shed, are strictly prevented from being infected by any virus and disease, and are subjected to paddy-upland rotation with rice; and (4) sowing the stock and the improved variety in the open field, and selecting aphid-free areas or seasons.
4. The breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potato seeds of each stage produced in step 3) are all sown in high density and whole potatoes, the mini potato sowing density is 15000 grains/mu, the ridge width is 1.4 m, the sowing is carried out in 3 rows, the small row spacing is 35cm, and the plant spacing is 9.5 cm; 10000 seeds are sowed in each acre of stock seeds and fine seeds, the ridge width is 1.2 meters, the sowing is carried out in 2 rows, the small row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 11 cm.
5. The breeding system of claim 1, wherein in the seedling stage, the potato bearing stage and the expansion stage in the step 4), a plant growth regulator and a foliar fertilizer are compounded for use; the low concentration of 5-10PPM in the seedling stage promotes the growth, shortens the growth period, the medium concentration of 10-15PPM in the potato bearing stage increases the number of stolons, the high concentration of 15-30PPM in the expansion stage accelerates the expansion, and further shortens the growth period.
6. The breeding system of claim 1, wherein the seedlings are killed and ripened in the strong age period in the step 5), the seedlings are killed about 140 g of the largest potato seeds before the seedlings begin to age or just enter the strong age period, the seedlings are crushed and only 10-12 cm of stems are reserved, meanwhile, the copper pesticide is sprayed for sterilization, the seedlings are ripened for 7-10 days, and the potato peels are harvested after aging.
7. The breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the seed potato in step 6 is 25-150 g of tender potato.
8. The breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 7 comprises the following strict classification according to weight: 25-40 g, 41-80 g, 81-110 g, 111-150 g; the counting and packaging are carried out by four stages, and the counting machine counts, thereby being convenient for farmers.
9. The breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 8 the counting and storing: filling labels in each bag, indicating variety, grade, quantity, size, production date and manufacturer, and storing in a fresh-keeping warehouse at 2 deg.C.
10. The breeding system of claim 1, wherein the fine breeds are cut into two, three and four pieces according to size, and are cut longitudinally with the top as the center to ensure the top bud planting.
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