CN101346937B - 无线通信系统中的可缩放频带操作 - Google Patents

无线通信系统中的可缩放频带操作 Download PDF

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CN101346937B
CN101346937B CN200680049240.4A CN200680049240A CN101346937B CN 101346937 B CN101346937 B CN 101346937B CN 200680049240 A CN200680049240 A CN 200680049240A CN 101346937 B CN101346937 B CN 101346937B
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transmission
control channel
carrier
wireless access
carrier wave
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CN101346937A (zh
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A·坎得卡尔
A·格洛科夫
A·阿加沃尔
R·维加严
E·H·提格
F·尤路皮纳
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/0012—Hopping in multicarrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0096—Indication of changes in allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel

Abstract

为了支持不能解调整个带宽或可使其解调少于整个带宽的基站，提供了一种系统、装置和方法来将用户调度到少于全部带宽上。此外，某些用户可被调度至比其他用户多的带宽。

Description

无线通信系统中的可缩放频带操作
背景
I.领域
本公开一般涉及无线通信，尤其涉及可缩放频带操作。
II.背景
无线通信系统已成为全世界范围内大多数人进行通信的普及手段。无线通信设备变得越来越小且越来越功能强大，以便满足消费者的需求并提高便携性和便利性。诸如蜂窝电话的移动设备中处理能力的提升导致了对无线网络传输系统的要求的提高。这些系统通常并非如在其上通信的蜂窝设备一样易于更新。当移动设备能力扩展时，难以用便于充分利用新型的和改进的无线设备能力的方式维护较旧的无线网络系统。
无线通信系统通常利用不同的方法来生成信道形式的传输资源。这些系统可以是码分复用(CDM)系统、频分复用(FDM)系统和时分复用(TDM)系统。一种常用的FDM的变体是有效地将整个系统带宽分成多个正交副载波的正交频分复用(OFDM)。这些副载波也称为频调、频段、和/或频道。每个副载波可用数据来调制。使用基于时分的技术，每个副载波可包括连续时间片或时隙部分。可向每个用户提供用于在预定突发周期或帧中传送和接收信息的一个或多个时隙和副载波组合。跳跃方案通常可以是码元速率跳跃方案或块跳跃方案。
基于码分的技术通常在任意时刻某一范围内可用的多个频率上传送数据。通常，数据被数字化并扩展在可用带宽上，其中多个用户可被重叠在信道上并且各个用户可被指派唯一性序列码。用户可在同一块宽带频谱上进行传送，其中每个用户的信号通过其相应的唯一性扩展码扩展在整个带宽上。这种技术可提供共享，其中一个或多个用户可并发地传送和接收。这种共享可通过扩频数字调制来实现，其中用户的比特流被编码并以伪随机方式跨极宽信道扩展。接收机被设计成识别相关联的唯一性序列码，并逆转此随机化以用相干方式收集特定用户的比特。
典型的无线通信网络(例如，采用频分、时分和/或码分技术)包括提供覆盖区域的一个或多个基站和可在该覆盖区域内传送和接收数据的一个或多个移动(例如，无线)终端。典型的基站可同时传送广播、多播和/或单播服务的多个数据流，其中数据流是对于移动终端有独立接收意义的数据的流。落在基站覆盖区域内的移动终端可能对接收传送自基站的一个、一个以使、或所有数据流感兴趣。类似地，移动终端可向基站或另一移动终端传送数据。在这些系统中，带宽和其它系统资源可利用调度器来指派。
对于较大使用带宽的情形，期望支持不能解调整个带宽或可使其解调少于整个带宽的移动站。
概述
以下给出简要概述以提供对所要求权利的主题的某些方面的基本理解。此概述并非所有预想实施例的详尽综述，也并非旨在标识出关键性/决定性要素或者刻划所要求权利的主题的范围。其唯一目的是以简化形式给出一个或多个实施例的某些概念作为在稍后给出的更详细描述的前序。
在一个方面，一种无线通信装置包括配置成指示多个控制信道传输在多个载波的每一个上的传输的处理器。控制信道传输包括足以在载波内通信的信息，而不利用多个控制信道的任一其它信道中所包含的信息。
在另一方面，方法包括在第一载波上传送控制信道传输，以及在基本上与该控制信道传输同时的帧期间内在第二载波上传送另一控制信道传输。控制信道传输包括足以在载波内通信的信息，而不利用多个控制信道的任一其它信道中所包含的信息。
各种装置和计算机可读介质可用于执行上述方法和处理器所配置的功能。
为了实现前述及相关目标，一个或多个实施例包括在下文中全面描述并在权利要求中具体指出的特征。以下描述和附图详细阐述了一个或多个实施例的示例性方面。然而，这些方面仅表示其中可采用的各种实施例的原理的各种方式中的少数几个，并且所述实施例旨在包括所有这些方面及其等效方案。
附图简述
图1示出了多址无线通信系统的各个方面。
图2A和2B示出了多址无线通信系统的超帧结构的各个方面。
图3示出了多址无线通信系统的多载波帧结构的各个方面。
图4A示出了多址无线通信系统的载波的前向链路帧的各个方面。
图4B示出了多址无线通信系统的载波的反向链路帧的各个方面。
图5示出了在多载波系统中调度用户的方法的各个方面。
图6示出了接入无线通信系统并在其中通信的方法的各个方面。
图7示出了多址无线通信系统中的发射机和接收机的各个方面。
详细描述
现在参照附图描述各个实施例，其中贯穿始终使用相同附图标记来指代相近要素。在以下描述中，出于说明目的阐述了众多特定细节以提供对一个或多个实施例的透彻理解。然而，显而易见的，此类实施例在没有这些特定细节的情况下也可实践。在其它实例中，公知的结构和设备以框图形式示出以帮助描述一个或多个实施例。
参看图1，它示出了根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统。多址无线通信系统100包括多个蜂窝小区，例如蜂窝小区102、104和106。在图1的实施例中，每个蜂窝小区102、104和106可包括包含多个扇区的接入点150。多个扇区是由各自负责与蜂窝小区的一部分中的接入终端通信的天线群形成的。在蜂窝小区102中，天线群112、114、和116各自对应于不同扇区。在蜂窝小区104中，天线群118、120和122各自对应于不同扇区。在蜂窝小区106中，天线群124、126和128各自对应于不同扇区。
各个蜂窝小区包括与各个接入点的一个或多个扇区通信的若干接入终端。例如，接入终端130和132与基站142通信，接入终端134和136与接入点144通信，而接入终端138和140与接入点146通信。
控制器130被耦合至蜂窝小区102、104和106的每一个。控制器130可包含到例如因特网、其它基于分组的网络、或电路交换语音网络的多个网络的一个或多个连接，这些网络提供去往或来自与多址无线通信系统100的蜂窝小区通信的接入终端的信息。该控制器130包括或被耦合至调度来自或去往接入终端的传输的调度器。在其它实施例中，调度器可驻留在各个蜂窝小区、蜂窝小区的各个扇区、或其组合中。
这些扇区的每一个可利用多个载波中的一个或多个进行操作。每个载波是系统可在其中运行或者可用于通信的较大带宽的一部分。利用一个或多个载波的单个扇区可在例如帧或超帧的任何给定时间间隔期间将多个接入终端调度至不同载波的每一个上。此外，一个或多个接入终端可被同时调度至多个载波上。
一个接入终端可根据其能力而在一个载波或一个以上载波上调度。这些能力可能是在接入终端试图捕获通信时生成的或已经预先协商的会话信息的一部分、可以是由接入终端传送的标识信息的一部分、或者根据任一其它方法而被建立。在某些方面中，会话信息可包括通过查询接入终端或通过其传输确定其能力而生成的会话标识令牌。
如本文所使用的，接入点可以是用于与终端通信的固定站，并且还可称为基站、B节点或其它某个术语并包括其部分或全部功能。接入终端还可称为用户装备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、移动站、接入终端或其它某个术语并包括其部分或全部功能。
应当注意：虽然图1描绘了物理扇区，即，针对不同扇区具有不同天线群，但是也可使用其它方法。例如，在频率空间中利用各自覆盖蜂窝小区的不同区域的多个固定“波束”可替代物理扇区使用，或者结合物理扇区使用。在律师案号No.050917的题为“Adaptive Sectorization In Cellular System(蜂窝系统中的自适应扇区化)”且与本申请同时提交的共同待批的美国专利申请S/N.[尚未转让]中描绘并公开了这种方法。
参看图2A和2B，它示出了多址无线通信系统的超帧结构的各个方面。图2A示出了频分双工(FDD)多址无线通信系统的超帧结构的各个方面，而图2B示出了时分双工(TDD)多址无线通信系统的超帧结构的各个方面。超帧前同步码可针对每个载波单独传送或者可跨越扇区的所有载波。
在图2A和2B两者中，前向链路传输被划分成超帧单元。一个超帧可包括跟随有一系列帧的超帧前同步码。在FDD系统中，反向链路和前向链路传输可占用不同的频率带宽，使得这些链路上的传输不重叠或最大程度地不重叠于任何频率副载波上。在TDD系统中，N个前向链路帧和M个反向链路帧限定了在允许传输相反类型的帧之前可连续传送的相继的前向链路和反向链路帧的数量。应当注意：数目N和M可在给定的超帧内变化或在超帧之间变化。
在FDD和TDD两者的系统中，每个超帧可包括超帧前同步码。在某些实施例中，超帧前同步码包括：包含可被接入终端用于信道估计的导频的导频信道、包括接入终端可用来解调前向链路帧内所包含信息的配置信息的广播信道。此外，诸如足以使接入终端在多个载波中的一个上通信的时基和其它信息的捕获信息以及基本功率控制或偏移量信息也可被包括在超帧前同步码中。在其它情形中，只有以上和/或其它信息的一部分可被包括在此超帧前同步码中。
如图2A和2B中所示，超帧前同步码跟随有一系列帧。每个帧可由相同或不同数目的OFDM码元构成，这些帧可组成可在某一限定时间段内同时用于传输的大量副载波。此外，每个帧可根据码元速率跳跃模式来操作，其中一个或多个毗连的OFDM码元在前向链路或反向链路上被指派给用户，或者可根据块跳跃模式来操作，其中用户在OFDM码元块内跳跃。实际的块或OFDM码元可以在帧之间跳跃或不跳跃。
参看图3，它示出了多址接入无线通信系统的信道结构。带宽300可用于根据系统设计参数来通信。带宽300包括多个载波302。每个载波包括一个或多个前向链路帧304和反向链路帧308，这些帧的每一个可以如参照图2讨论地为一个或多个超帧的一部分。
各个载波302的每个前向链路帧304包括控制信道306。控制信道306的每一个可包括用于与例如以下有关的功能的信息：捕获；确认；对每个接入终端的前向链路指派——这对于广播、多播和单播消息类型而言可以是不同或相同的，对每个接入终端的反向链路指派；对每个接入终端的反向链路功率控制；以及反向链路确认。应当注意：可在一个或全部载波的控制信道306中支持更多或更少的此类功能。而且，控制信道306可根据跳跃序列——该跳跃序列与指派给数据信道的跳跃序列相同或不同——来在每个帧中跳跃。
每个反向链路帧308包括来自接入终端的多个反向链路传输，例如312、314、316、318、320、322、324、326、328和330。在图3中，每个反向链路传输被绘制成一个块，即，一组毗连的OFDM码元。应当注意：可使用例如非毗连码元块的码元速率跳跃。
另外，每个反向链路帧308可包括一个或多个反向链路控制信道340，该信道可包括反馈信道、用于反向链路信道估计的导频信道、以及可被包括在反向链路传输312-330中的确认信道。反向链路控制信道340的每一个可包括用于与例如以下有关的功能的信息：每个接入终端的前向链路和反向链路资源请求；例如用于不同类型传输的信道质量信息(CQI)的信道信息；以及来自接入终端的、可被接入点用于信道估计用途的导频。应当注意：可在一个或全部载波的控制信道340中支持更多或更少的此类功能。而且，反向链路控制信道340可根据跳跃序列——该跳跃序列与指派给数据信道的跳跃序列相同或不同——来在每个帧中跳跃。
在某些方面中，为了在反向链路控制信道340上对用户进行复用，一个或多个正交码、加扰序列等可用于区分各个用户和/或在反向链路控制信道340中传送的不同类型的信息。这些正交码可以是用户专用的，或可由接入点在每次通信会话或例如每个超帧的较短时间段分配给每个终端。
在某些方面中，某些用户可被指派到单个载波，使得其用于超帧或超帧的多个帧的所有前向链路传输被指派到同一载波。这样，能够仅在给定时间解调带宽的一部分的接入终端可仅监视带宽300的子集，例如一个载波302或比全部信道少的任何数目的载波。为了支持这种结构，对于给定载波，前向链路信道306和反向链路信道340的每一个需要包含足够的信息以使得在该载波302上工作的接入终端在不参考其它载波中包含的信息的情况下可由超帧前同步码中设置的信道以及特定载波的前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340来支持。这可通过在每个载波302的前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340中包括等效信道信息来提供。
在某些方面中，在载波302的每一个中，捕获、指派、接入、请求、功率控制、导频和报告信道存在于超帧前同步码以及前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340中。然而，实际编码、传输速率、消息类型和时基、资源分配、开销消息接发、跳跃模式和/或序列、以及其它传输和定位参数可因载波的不同而不同。格式、传输速率和跳跃信息可被信令到接入终端或以另外方式对接入终端可用。此信息可经由与特定载波相关联的各个控制信道而可用，或可经由其它手段来提供。
具有用于解调信道的较强能力的某些终端可在一超帧、数个相继的超帧内或者在其通信会话期间被调度至两个或多个载波。这些多载波接入终端可能能够在通信会话或超帧期间对反向链路帧和前向链路帧使用不同载波、可在不同超帧中或在通信会话期间被调度至不同载波上、或可在时间上基本同步的数个帧中可被调度至不同载波上。此类多载波接入终端可被调度以对给定载波提供资源的负载平衡，以及在整个带宽中提供统计复用增益。
为了支持在一个超帧内、在数个相继的超帧中、或在其通信会话期间跨若干载波302工作的多载波接入终端，可提供若干方法。首先，多载波接入终端可针对每一个载波单独地解调超帧前同步码和前向链路控制信道306。在此情形中，所有指派、调度、功率控制等可以每个载波为基础来执行。
或者，单独的控制信道可包含不同载波的工作参数，使得接入终端可经由控制信道获得上述针对一个或多个载波的超帧前同步码以及前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340的信息。而且，此附加控制信道可包括关于如何解调和解码针对载波的一个或多个的不同超帧前同步码以及前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340的信息。这将允许用户能够在任何时间解码每个载波的超帧前同步码以及前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340。
此外，在某些方面中，可在单个载波的超帧前同步码和前向链路控制信道306和反向链路控制信道340中维护关于所有载波或者载波群的所有信息。在此类情形中，能够在通信会话中利用多载波的接入终端可调谐成在单个载波中接收控制信息，以及在单个载波中传送其控制信息。这些载波无需相同。用于这种功能的载波可根据预定序列或某些其它手段随时间变化。
另外，出于调度的目的，一个指派可包括来自不同载波的多个指派。即，接入终端可接收每个载波上的各个指派，并组合这些指派以便针对在前向和反向链路两者的时间方面可完全或部分地重叠或不重叠的帧来确定其指派。
在某些方面中，每个载波包括20MHz带宽中的5MHz，并且载波包括512个副载波。然而，可利用其它大小的带宽、副载波和载波。此外，分配给每个载波的副载波的数目可变化，以使得每个载波中的副载波数目可与其它载波的彼此不同，或者一个载波可具有比其它载波多的副载波。而且，应当注意：一个或多个载波可能彼此不同步，例如，对于其前向链路帧和/或反向链路帧而言具有不同起始时间和结束时间。在这种情形中，控制信道306或超帧前同步码中的信令或指派消息可传达针对该载波的时基消息。
另外，在某些方面中，载波中OFDM码元中的可用副载波的的一部分可被指定为保护副载波，并且不被调制，即，在这些副载波上不传送能量。超帧前同步码以及每个帧中保护副载波的数目可经由控制信道306或超帧前同步码中的一个或多个消息来提供。
此外，在某些方面中，为了减小对特定多载波终端的开销传输，可对该接入终端联合地编码一个分组，即使这些分组的码元要在不同载波的副载波上传送。这样，单个循环冗余校验可用于分组，并且某些载波上包括来自这些分组的码元的传输不进行循环冗余校验的开销传输。或者，接入终端可以每个载波为基础调制其分组，即，仅要在同一载波上传送的那些码元被包括在同一分组中。此外，出于分组调制的目的，可将某些载波合在一起，例如，仅在单个分组中一起调制来自顶端的两个载波的码元。
应当注意：载波的每一个的调度器可对每个载波使用相同或不同的方法来跳跃，例如，使用不同的信道树或跳跃排列。此外，每个载波可根据相同或不同的技术和算法来调度。例如，如在律师案号No.060031的与本申请同时提交的、通过引用全部结合于此的共同待批的美国专利申请S/N.[尚未转让]中描述的，每个载波可包括信道树和结构。
参看图4A，它示出了多址无线通信系统的载波的前向链路帧的各个方面。如图4中所示的，每个前向链路帧304还被划分成两个片段。首先，可包括或不包括一组毗连的副载波的控制信道306具有取决于所需量的控制数据和其它考虑而被指派的可变数目的副载波。剩余部分410通常可用于数据传输。控制信道306可包括一个或多个导频信道412和414。在码元速率跳跃模式中，可在每个前向链路帧中存在关于所有OFDM码元的导频信道，并且在那些实例中无需被包括在控制信道306中。在两种情形中，信令信道416和功率控制信道418可存在于控制信道306中，如图4中所绘制的。信令信道416可包括指派、确认和/或功率基准以及对反向链路上的数据、控制和导频传输的调节。
功率控制信道418可携带与其它扇区处由于来自该扇区的接入终端的传输而生成的干扰有关的信息。在某些方面中，功率控制信道418可仅存在于单个载波上，其中所有单载波接入终端被调度在该载波上，而多载波接入终端调谐至功率控制信道418的那个载波。在这种情形中，可使用单个功率基准。而且，在此方面中，多载波接入终端可使其反向链路控制信道随时间在不同帧上跳跃，而非简单地在与其反向链路数据传输相同的帧中传送反向链路控制信道。在这种情形中，对于多载波接入终端，单个基准可用于跨所有载波调节其传输功率，从而允许通过多载波接入终端对反向链路传输的所有载波进行相同的功率控制。
或者，多载波接入终端可能需要多个功率控制环，一个对应于每个载波或具有共同功率控制信道418的载波群。在此情形中，单个载波或载波群上的传输将以个体为基础进行，并且不同的功率基准和补偿可每个载波地使用。
而且，在某些方面中，各个载波302边缘处而非整个带宽边缘处的副载波420可充当准保护副载波。在某些方面中，在反向链路上，这些副载波420未被仅仅能够解调一个载波的接入终端调制，但是在反向链路上，可被能够解调多个载波的接入终端调制，这对那些接入终端增加了用于传输的附加带宽。
在前向链路上，在某些方面中，准保护副载波420通常不被调制，只要扇区中有不能够解调一个以上载波的一些接入终端即可。因此，在某些方面中，可有这些副载波420是否将被调制的开销信令。此外，准保护副载波420可在载波的超帧前同步码中被调制或不被调制，例如，在多个载波由系统中的任何单个用户使用的情况下不调制它们。
应当注意：在多个发射天线可用于为扇区进行发射时，不同发射天线应当具有相同的超帧时基(包括超帧索引)、OFDM码元特性和跳跃序列。
参看图4B，它示出了多址无线通信系统的载波的反向链路帧的各个方面。导频信道422可包括使接入点能估计反向链路的导频。请求信道424可包括使接入终端能请求随后反向链路、和前向链路、帧的资源的信息。在某些方面中，多载波终端可在仅载波302之一中的请求信道424上传送。而且，可在接入终端可在每个帧期间工作的所有载波上重复请求信道消息。
反向链路反馈信道426使接入终端能提供关于信道信息CQI的反馈。CQI可涉及用于对接入终端的传输的一个或多个调度模式，或可用于调度的模式。示例性模式可包括波束成形、SDMA、预编码或其组合。功率控制信道428可被用作基准以使接入终端能生成用于接入终端的反向链路传输——例如数据传输——的功率控制指令。在某些方面中，功率控制信道428可包括反馈信道426的一个或多个。
数据信道432可根据不同反向链路帧408中的码元速率跳跃或块跳跃模式来工作。而且，根据参照关于图4A讨论的准保护副载波420描述的相同规则，准保护副载波440可被调制或不被调制。
应当注意：虽然图A和4B绘制了在时间上复用的、构成控制信道306和340的不同信道，但是并非必需是这种情况。构成控制信道306和340的不同信道可使用不同的正交、准正交、或扰码、不同频率或任何时间、码和频率的组合来复用。
虽然参照图2A、2B、3、4A和4B的讨论包括与超帧前同步码有关的信息，但是超帧前同步码并非必需要被使用。替代方法可包括使用带具有等效信息的前同步码的帧。而且，广播控制信道可用于包含超帧前同步码的信息的部分或全部，而其它信息包含在帧的前同步码或控制信道中。
参看图5，它示出了一种在多载波系统中调度用户的方法的各个方面。在框502，接入终端工作参数——用于在多载波上工作——被确定。此确定可基于对接入终端的标识作出，该标识由接入终端在通信会话的发起期间传送。此外，在接入终端与接入点之间信令的会话信息可用于确定此信息。另外，先前的会话信息可被使用。另外，可基于接入终端的设备特定标识对中央服务器执行数据库查找以获得工作参数。
而且，在某些方面中，参数可根据接入终端用于调制其发起通信会话的接入请求的正交或扰码的类型来确定。在此情况中，用于调制接入请求的特定正交或扰码可预留给可同时在两个或多个载波上工作的那些接入终端。
在其它方面中，参数可根据接入终端传送接入请求以发起其通信会话的载波的数目来确定。此外，由接入终端用于传送例如CQI信息的控制信息的一个或多个载波可用于相关于该终端可工作的载波的数目来确定其操作参数。
然后，在框504，作出接入终端是否能够同时在多个载波上进行例如调制和/或解调的操作的判定。在某些方面中，此判定可基于接入终端的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)能力是否可对其数目等于或大于一个载波、两个载波或直到扇区中可用的载波总数中子信道的数目的多个副载波同时运算来作出。
如参照框502所讨论的，判定可基于设备标识或会话专用信息作出，或者可在接入终端在多个载波上工作的情况下——例如接入终端在通信期间在多个载波上传送接入请求或反向链路控制信道信息的情况下——作出。
然后，在框508，如果接入终端能够同时解调和/或调制多个载波，则其可被调度至多个载波上。如上所讨论的，这种调度可以是例如针对单个超帧中的反向链路帧和前向链路帧、针对相继超帧、针对单个超帧的前向链路帧、和/或单个超帧的不同反向链路帧将接入终端调度给不同载波的形式。
或者，在框506，如果接入终端不能同时在多个载波上工作，则其可被调度在单个载波上。这种调度可针对多个相继超帧或针对与扇区的整个通信会话。
参看图6，它示出了接入无线通信系统并在其中通信的方法的各个方面。在框600，接入终端调谐至可用于通信的多个载波中的一个。载波的身份可在接入终端处被预先规定或经由已知的信令信道发信号通知。在框602，接入终端将在随后解调由接入点传送的捕获信息。这可以例如是特定载波的超帧前同步码中的信息。在框608，如果此信息由接入终端正确地解调，则接入请求可由接入终端传送。
在某些方面中，接入终端可用针对该接入终端是否可同时使用一个或一个以上载波操作而特定的正交或扰码调制接入请求。表示接入终端类型的正交或扰码可在该接入终端处被预先规定，或经由捕获信息来发信号通知。
在框610，响应于接入请求，接入准许消息用于确认接入请求以及指派初始反向链路副载波或副载波块。在某些方面中，接入准许可包括对接入终端的时基调节以将其反向链路传输与接入点的反向链路时基对准。初始指派可包括接入终端是以码元速率跳跃模式还是块跳跃模式工作、在前向链路和反向链路中都被指派用于通信的副载波是哪些、以及其它时基和调度参数。在框612，接入终端将在随后根据第一指派来通信。
在框614，第二指派将在稍后被传送到接入终端。应当注意：在框616，可在第一和第二指派之间传送一个或多个指派。取决于接入终端的能力，第二指派可包括改变载波消息并可标识下一指派或当前指派将适用的载波。或者，改变载波消息可在第二指派或任何其它指派之前被发送，并与第二指派或任何其它指派无关地发送。此外，改变载波消息可在接入终端被指派的前向链路帧中作为一个或多个数据帧来传送。一个或多个数据分组可由接入终端确认，因而可靠地指示改变载波消息已被解调。在又一方面中，接入准许自身可包括以其初始为基础的、或者在每个载波单独接入的情况下以每个载波为基础的改变载波信息。
如先前讨论的，第二指派可包括在不同载波上被独立解码的多个指派，或者经由单个载波接收到的针对一个以上载波的联合指派。而且，如先前讨论的，此第二指派可以是与多个载波有关的单个载波上的指派。
为了改进新近调度的载波上的操作，可提供该载波的、与时基有关的信息和其它信息。如果一个或多个数据分组用于发出改变载波消息，则数据分组可包括接入终端正被调度至的新载波的某些参数，由此使附加资源能提供用于新载波上的适当通信的信息。或者，每个载波的超帧前同步码或控制信道306的一个或全部可包括允许使用其它载波的通信、或允许解调超帧前同步码、或可能的其它载波的控制信道的信息。另外，例如定位在控制信道306中送往接入终端的消息可被传送，该消息包括新载波的参数。
在框618，接入终端将在随后根据第二指派通信。在框604，在捕获未被接入终端正确解调的那些情形中，接入终端将调谐至另一载波。
参看图7，它示出了MIMO系统800中的发射机系统810和接收机系统850的实施例的框图。在发射机系统810处，多个数据流的话务数据可从数据源812提供给发射(TX)数据处理器814。在一个实施例中，每个数据流可通过一相应发射天线来发射。TX数据处理器814基于为该数据流选择的特定编码方案对每个数据流的话务数据进行格式化、编码和交织以提供经编码的数据。
可使用OFDM技术来将每个数据流的经编码数据与导频数据进行复用。该导频数据通常是以已知方式处理并可在接收机系统处用于估计信道响应的已知数据模式。经复用的导频和每个数据流的经编码数据随后基于为该数据流选择的特定调制方案(例如，BPSK、QSPK、M-PSK或M-QAM)被调制(即，码元映射)以提供调制码元。每个数据流的数据率、编码和调制可由一经提供即由处理器830执行的指令来确定。
所有数据流的调制码元随后被提供给TX处理器820，该处理器可进一步处理这些调制码元(例如，用于OFDM)。TX处理器820随后向NT个发射机(TMTR)822a到822t提供NT个调制码元流。每个发射机822接收并处理相应的码元流以提供一个或多个模拟信号，并进一步对这些模拟信号进行调理(例如，放大、滤波、和上变频)以提供适于在MIMO信道上传送的已调制信号。来自发射机822a到822t的NT个已调制信号随后分别从NT个天线824a到824t发射。
在接收机系统850处，所传送的已调制信号由NR个天线852a到852r接收，并且来自每个天线852的接收信号被提供给相应的接收机(RCVR)854。每个接收机854对相应的接收信号进行调理(例如，滤波、放大、和下变频)、数字化经调理的信号以提供样本，并且进一步处理这些样本以提供相对应的“接收”码元流。
RX数据处理器860随后从NR个接收机854接收这NR个接收码元流并基于特定接收机处理技术进行处理，以提供NT个“检测出”的码元流。在以下更详细地描述由RX数据处理器860进行的处理。每个检测出的码元流包括作为对为相对应数据流传送的调制码元的估计的码元。RX数据处理器860随后解调、解交织并解码每个检测出的码元流以恢复该数据流的话务数据。RX数据处理器818进行的处理与发射机系统810处的TX处理器820和TX数据处理器814执行的处理互补。
RX数据处理器860可受限于可同时解调的副载波的数目，例如512个副载波或5MHz，并且这种接收机应当被调度至单个载波上。这种约束可以是其FFT范围的函数——例如处理器860处可操作的采样速率、可用于FFT的存储器——或其它可用于解调的函数。此外，所使用的副载波的数目越多，接入终端的费用越昂贵。
由RX处理器860生成的信道响应估计可被用于执行接收机处的空间、空/时处理、调节功率电平、改变调制率或方案、或者其它动作。RX处理器860还可估计这些检测出的码元流的信噪干扰比(SNR)以及可能的其它信道特性，并向处理器870提供这些量值。RX数据处理器860或处理器870还可导出对系统的“工作”SNR的估计。处理器870随后提供信道状态信息(CSI)，该信息可包括与通信链路和/或接收到的数据流有关的各种类型的信息。例如，CSI可仅包括工作SNR。该CSI随后由TX数据处理器878处理，由调制器880调制，由发射机854a到854r调理，并传回给发射机系统810。
在发射机系统810处，来自接收机系统850的已调制信号由天线824接收，由接收机822调理，由解调器840解调，并由RX数据处理器842处理以恢复接收机系统报告的CSI。所报告的CSI随后被提供给处理器830并用于(1)确定要对各个数据流使用的数据率及编码和调制方案，以及(2)生成对TX数据处理器814和TX处理器820的各种控制。或者，CSI可被处理器870用于确定用于传输的调制方案和/或编码率连同其它信息。这可在随后被提供给使用这些可被量化的信息的发射机，以提供对接收机的后续传输。
处理器830和870分别引导发射机和接收机系统处的操作。存储器832和872分别为由处理器830和870使用的程序代码和数据提供存储。
在接收机处，可使用各种处理技术来处理这NR个接收信号以检测这NT个传送的码元流。这些接收机处理技术可被分成两个主要类别：(i)空间和空时接收机处理技术(也称为均衡技术)；以及(ii)“逐次消零/均衡和干扰消去”接收机处理技术(也称为“逐次干扰消去”或“逐次消去”接收机处理技术)。
虽然图7讨论了MIMO系统，但是相同的系统也可应用于其中多个发射天线——例如基站上的那些——向例如移动站的单个天线设备传送一个或多个码元流的多输入单输出系统。而且，单输出-单输入天线系统可按与参照图7所描述的相同的方式来使用。
本文所述的传输技术可通过各种手段来实现。例如，这些技术可在硬件、固件、软件或其组合中实现。对于硬件实现，接收机处的处理单元可在一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信道处理器件(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计成执行本文所描述的功能的其它电子单元、或其组合内实现。接收机处的处理单元也可在一个或多个ASIC、DSP、处理器等内实现。
对于软件实现，传输技术可用执行本文所描述的功能的模块(例如，过程、函数等)来实现。软件代码可被存储在存储器单元(例如，图7中的存储器830、872x或872y)中并由处理器(例如，处理器832、870x或870y)执行。存储器可在处理器内实现，或实现于存储器外部。
应当注意：本文中信道的概念指可由接入点或接入终端传送的信息或传输类型。不要求或使用固定或预定副载波块、时间段、或专用于此类传输的其它资源。
提供所公开实施例的先前描述旨在使本领域的任何技术人员皆能够制作或使用本发明。对于本领域的技术人员而言，对这些实施例的各种修改将是显而易见的，并且在此所定义的一般性原理可适用于其它实施例而不会背离本发明的精神或范围。因此，本发明无意被限于这里所示的实施例，而应根据与在此所公开的原理和新颖特征相一致的最宽范围来授权。

Claims (51)

1.一种无线通信的方法，包括：
响应于分别接收自多个无线接入终端的多个接入请求来分别向所述多个无线接入终端指派多个载波，并且
指示分别在所述多个载波上的多个控制信道传输，其中所述控制信道传输的每一个允许相关联的无线接入终端在相关联的载波内通信，而不利用任何其他控制信道传输中所包含的信息，
其中每个所述控制信道传输发生在数据信道传输与所述控制信道传输在相关联的载波上并发可用的时间区间内。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括指示所述控制信道传输同步地发生。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括指示所述控制信道传输非同步地发生。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个载波中的每一个包括5MHz的带宽。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在所述指示所述多个控制信道传输之前指示跨所述载波的每一个的超帧前同步码的传输。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在所述指示所述多个控制信道传输之前指示所述载波的每一个的超帧前同步码的传输。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括指示码元速率跳跃传输在第一载波上的传输。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括指示块跳跃传输在第一载波上的传输。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在所述载波之一上传送改变载波消息，以指示相关联的无线接入终端解调至少一个其它载波的控制消息。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括数据传输。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括控制传输。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线接入终端仅在各自相关联的载波上通信。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的指派信息。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，每个所述控制信道传输包括用于相关联的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
16.一种无线通信方法，包括：
响应于分别接收自第一和第二无线接入终端的接入请求来分别向所述第一和第二无线接入终端指派第一和第二载波；
在所述第一载波上从第一扇区传送第一控制信道传输；以及
在与所述第一控制信道传输同时的帧期间在所述第二载波上从所述第一扇区传送第二控制信道传输，其中所述第一和第二控制信道传输各自允许所述第一和第二无线接入终端分别在所述第一和第二载波内通信，而不利用任何其他控制信道传输中所包含的信息，
其中在与所述第一控制信道传输同时的所述帧期间，数据信道传输与每个所述控制信道传输在相关联的载波上并发可用。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输是同步的。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输是非同步的。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二载波中的每一个包括5MHz的带宽。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在所述第一和第二载波的至少一个上传送改变载波消息，以指示相关联的无线接入终端解调至少一个其它载波的控制消息。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括数据传输。
22.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括控制传输。
23.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二无线接入终端仅分别在所述第一和第二载波上通信。
24.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的指派信息。
25.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，每个所述控制信道传输包括用于相关联的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
26.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
27.一种无线通信装置，包括：
用于响应于分别接收自第一和第二无线接入终端的接入请求来分别向所述第一和第二无线接入终端指派第一和第二载波的装置；
用于在所述第一载波上从第一扇区传送第一控制信道传输的装置；以及
用于在与所述第一控制信道传输同时的帧期间在所述第二载波上从所述第一扇区传送第二控制信道传输的装置，其中所述第一和第二控制信道传输各自允许所述第一和第二无线接入终端分别在所述第一和第二载波内通信，而不利用任何其他控制信道传输中所包含的信息，
其中在与所述第一控制信道传输同时的所述帧期间，数据信道传输与每个所述控制信道传输在相关联的载波上并发可用。
28.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输是同步的。
29.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输是非同步的。
30.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，还包括用于在所述第一和第二载波的至少一个上传送改变载波消息以指示相关联的无线接入终端解调至少一个其它载波的控制消息的装置。
31.如权利要求30所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括数据传输。
32.如权利要求30所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括控制传输。
33.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述第一和第二无线接入终端仅分别在所述第一和第二载波上通信。
34.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述第一和第二控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的指派信息。
35.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，每个所述控制信道传输包括用于相关联的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
36.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
37.一种无线通信的设备，包括：
用于响应于分别接收自多个无线接入终端的多个接入请求来分别向所述多个无线接入终端指派多个载波的装置，以及
用于指示分别在所述多个载波上的多个控制信道传输的装置，其中所述控制信道传输的每一个允许相关联的无线接入终端在相关联的载波内通信，而不利用任何其他控制信道传输中所包含的信息，
其中每个所述控制信道传输发生在数据信道传输与所述控制信道传输在相关联的载波上并发可用的时间区间内。
38.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于指示所述控制信道传输同步地发生的装置。
39.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于指示所述控制信道传输非同步地发生的装置。
40.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，所述多个载波中的每一个包括5MHz的带宽。
41.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于在所述指示所述多个控制信道传输之前指示跨所述载波的每一个的超帧前同步码的传输的装置。
42.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于在所述指示所述多个控制信道传输之前指示所述载波的每一个的超帧前同步码的传输的装置。
43.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于指示码元速率跳跃传输在第一载波上的传输的装置。
44.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于指示块跳跃传输在第一载波上的传输的装置。
45.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括用于在所述载波之一上传送改变载波消息以指示相关联的无线接入终端解调至少一个其它载波的控制消息的装置。
46.如权利要求45所述的设备，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括数据传输。
47.如权利要求45所述的设备，其特征在于，所述改变载波消息包括控制传输。
48.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，所述无线接入终端仅在各自相关联的载波上通信。
49.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的指派信息。
50.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，每个所述控制信道传输包括用于相关联的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
51.如权利要求37所述的设备，其特征在于，所述控制信道传输之一包括用于在多个载波上通信的无线接入终端的功率控制信息。
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