CN100582114C - 芳香族单体-和共轭聚合物-金属络合物 - Google Patents
芳香族单体-和共轭聚合物-金属络合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100582114C CN100582114C CN200480021671A CN200480021671A CN100582114C CN 100582114 C CN100582114 C CN 100582114C CN 200480021671 A CN200480021671 A CN 200480021671A CN 200480021671 A CN200480021671 A CN 200480021671A CN 100582114 C CN100582114 C CN 100582114C
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- aromatic monomer
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- metal complex
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
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Abstract
描述了一种卤化芳族单体-金属络合物,用于制备电子器件如发光二极管(LED)器件所用的聚合物。所设计的芳族单体-金属络合物包括中断共轭的连接基团,这样有利于减少或防止电子在芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断之间的离域作用。共轭的中断通常有利于保持在由芳族单体-金属络合物形成的聚合物中金属络合物的发磷光性质。所得共轭电致发光聚合物具有精确控制的金属络合作用,并且具有基本上或完全不依赖于聚合物主链性质的电子性质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及芳香族单体-金属络合物、可以由该单体-金属络合物制备的芳香族聚合物-金属络合物、以及包含所述聚合物-金属络合物的膜的有机电子器件。
背景技术
有机电子器件在电子装置的各个领域中都可以发现。在这种器件中,有机活性层被夹在两个电子接触层之间;当偏压施加穿过接触层时,活性层就发射出光。
含有金属-络合物侧基的聚合物构成了一类适用于发光应用、尤其是适合在有源矩阵驱动聚合物LED显示器中使用的聚合物。制备这些聚合物例如可以通过这样进行:首先将含能够与金属络合的配位体的单体进行聚合,然后该聚合物再与有机金属络合物接触,从而将金属中心插入聚合物结合配位体中。例如,在Mαcromolecules,Vol.35,No.19,2002,Pei等人描述了一种带有与各种Eu+3α,β-二酮直接配合的联吡啶侧基的共轭聚合物。
类似地,在WO 02/31896,17-18页中,Periyasamy等人描述了镧系金属络合的聚合物,该聚合物是通过一步或两步合成路线制备的。在一步路线中,MLn发射体与具有金属-活性官能团(X)的聚合物反应,形成带有-X-MLn-1侧基的聚合物。在两步路线中,带有羟乙基侧官能团的聚合物首先与含羧酸官能团的联吡啶化合物缩合,形成含联吡啶基酯官能团(X-L’)的聚合物,然后,该聚合物再与MLn反应形成带X-L’-MLn-1侧官能团的聚合物。
这些金属络合的电致发光聚合物具有的问题之一是侧配位体与金属络合试剂的不完全反应。由于难于控制金属-配位体的络合程度,因此这种低效率的偶合导致了最终聚合物性质的不可预见性。因此,采用精确可控的金属络合作用制备发光聚合物将是非常有益的。
发明内容
本发明通过在其一方面所提供的卤化芳族单体-金属络合物而解决了该需求,所述卤化芳族单体-金属络合物含有卤化芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断,并且表示为下列结构:
式中L为二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh或Os;Ar’和Ar”为芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;其中Ra和Rb各自独立地为单价取代基或H,前提是Ra和Rb中至少一个包含卤化芳族单体片断和连接基团,所述连接基团中断了卤化芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断之间的共轭。
在第二方面,本发明是主链包括a)和b)的电致发光聚合物,其中所述a)为具有芳族片断和金属络合物片断的芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元,该结构单元可表示为下列化学式:
式中L为二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh,或Os;Ar’和Ar”为芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;其中R’a和R’b为取代基或H,前提是R’a和R’b中至少一个包含芳族基团和连接基团,所述芳族基团是聚合物主链的一部分,所述连接基团中断了芳族基团和金属络合物片断之间的共轭;所述b)为至少一个芳族共聚单体的结构单元,所述聚合物的特征在于该聚合物沿着由所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元形成的聚合物主链是共轭的。
在第三方面,本发明是一种包括夹在阳极和阴极之间的发光聚合物薄膜的电子器件,所述发光聚合物具有含a)和b)的主链,其中所述a)为芳族单体金属络合物的结构单元,该结构单元表示为下列化学式:
式中L为二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh或Os;Ar’和Ar”为芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;其中R’a和R’b为取代基或H,前提是R’a和R’b中至少一个包含芳族基团和连接基团,所述芳族基团是聚合物主链的一部分,所述连接基团中断了芳族基团和金属络合物片断之间的共轭;所述b)为至少一个芳族共聚单体的结构单元,所述聚合物的特征在于该聚合物沿着由所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元形成的聚合物主链是共轭的。
本发明通过提供一种采用精确控制金属络合作用制备共轭电活性聚合物的简单方法,解决了现有技术中的需要。而且,所述金属络合物基团都具有受共轭聚合物主链最低限度影响的电子和/或发光性质。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一方面是包括含有卤化芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断的卤化芳族单体-金属络合物的组合物,所述卤化芳族单体-金属络合物由下面的化学式表示:
式中L为二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh,或Os;Ar’和Ar”为芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;其中Ra和Rb各自独立地表示单价取代基或H,前提是Ra和Rb中至少一个包含卤化芳族单体片断和连接基团,所述连接基团中断了所述芳族单体片断和所述金属络合物片断之间的共轭。
本发明的卤化芳族共聚单体-金属络合物可以看作是包括下面解释的金属络合物片断和一种或多种卤化芳族单体片断的卤化芳族共聚单体-金属络合物:
Ra是XmAr-G-,Rb是XnAr-G-;每个Ar都独立地表示芳基;每个G都独立地表示中断了Ar和Ar’-Ar”之间共轭的二价连接基团,优选为亚烷基、O、S、羰基、SiR2(其中R为取代基)或氧化烯基,更优选为亚甲基、氧亚甲基、或O;每个X都独立地表示为卤素基团,优选地,每个X都为氯或溴;m+n之和为正整数,优选为1或2;更优选为1;o+p之和为正整数,优选为1或2;更优选为1。当o(或p)为0时,Ra(或Rb)可以是包括H的任意取代基。因此,最优选地每个Ar’-Ar”配位体都包含一个通过共轭中断基而与Ar’-Ar”分开的单卤代芳族取代基。
配位体Ar’-Ar”连接到至少一个取代基上,该取代基为可聚合芳族单体,该可聚合芳族单体通过二价连接基团与该配位体分离。合适的取代的Ar’-Ar”配位体的实例包括(但不是限制于)2-苯基吡啶、2-苄基吡啶、2-(2-噻酚基)吡啶、2-(2-呋喃基)吡啶、2,2’-联吡啶、2-苯并[b]噻酚-2-基-吡啶、2-苯基苯并噻唑、2-(1-萘基)苯并噻唑、2-(1-蒽基)苯并噻唑、2-苯基苯并噁唑、2-(1-萘基)苯并噁唑、2-(1-蒽基)苯并噁唑、2-(2-萘基)苯并噻唑、2-(2-蒽基)苯并噻唑、2-(2-萘基)苯并噁唑、2-(2-蒽基)苯并噁唑、2-(2-噻酚基)苯并噻唑、2-(2-呋喃基)苯并噻唑、2-(2-噻酚基)苯并噁唑、2-(2-呋喃基)苯并噁唑、苯并[h]喹啉、2-苯基喹啉、2-(2-萘基)喹啉、2-(2-蒽基)喹啉、2-(1-萘基)喹啉、2-(1-蒽基)喹啉、2-苯基甲基吡啶、2-苯氧基吡啶、2-苯硫基吡啶、苯基-2-吡啶基甲烷酮(methanones)、2-乙烯基吡啶、2-苯甲亚胺、2-(吡咯-2-基)吡啶、2-(咪唑-2-基)-吡啶、2-苯基-1H-咪唑和2-苯基吲哚。
此处使用的“芳族化合物”除非另有指明外,否则都包括芳族和杂芳族化合物。类似地,术语“芳基”除非另有指出之外,否则此处用于包括芳基和杂芳基基团或化合物。
二价连接基团G包含了使共轭中断的连接基团或原子,从而抑制了电子在芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断之间的离域作用。这种片断之间的共轭中断导致了络合物和由芳族单体片断形成的共轭聚合物主链之间的类似中断。对于保持金属络合物在由芳族单体-金属络合物形成的聚合物中的发光性质,共轭中断通常是期望得到的。如果电子在共轭聚合物主链和络合物之间离域,则这种性质会被不利地干扰。
连接基团优选为取代或未取代的非共轭直链、支链,或环亚烃基或二价杂原子或它们的组合。连接基团的实例包括(单独或组合地)亚烷基或环烷基,比如亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、异亚丙基、亚丁基、异亚丁基、叔亚丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、和环己基;杂原子,比如氧和硫原子以及R-Si-R、羰基、和除三芳基胺外的胺基。优选的连接基团包括氧原子、亚甲基和氧亚甲基。此处所使用的“氧亚甲基”指的是-OCH2-或-CH2O-基团。
制备双(单卤代芳族)单体-金属络合物的通常步骤
含有通过连接基团连接到金属络合物上的双(单卤代芳族)片断的卤代芳族单体-金属络合物可以通过下面所示的4-步骤工艺制备:
上式中,“coupling cat.”表示“偶合催化剂”,“halogenating agent”表示“卤化试剂”,“optionally”表示“任选地”,“hydroxide or alkoxide”表示“氢氧化物或醇盐”。
G如前面所定义的那样,并优选O、亚甲基、或氧亚甲基;Ar、Ar’和Ar”各自独立地表示芳族部分,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳基。优选地,Ar为非杂芳基部分,包括苯、萘、或蒽部分,更优选为苯部分。优选地,Ar’和Ar”各自独立地选自由与金属络合形成5-元环的苯、吡啶、噻酚、和芴部分组成的组中。更优选地,Ar’和Ar”中之一为苯部分,Ar’和Ar”中的另一个为吡啶部分。
X为卤素,X’和X”各自独立地表示卤素,硼酸酯,-ZnCl,-ZnBr,-MgCl,MgBr,或-Sn(C1-10-烷基)3,前提是X’和X”中一个为卤素,X’和X”中另一个为硼酸酯,-ZnCl,-ZnBr,-MgCl,MgBr或-Sn(C1-10-烷基)3;X’”为卤素、羟基、或烷氧基,优选氯、溴、甲氧基、或乙氧基,更优选为氯或溴。X’”为卤素时,没有必要加入氢氧化物或醇盐碱;X”’为羟基或烷氧基时,优选加入氢氧化物或醇盐碱。
L是可以与Ar’-Ar”相同或不同的二齿配位体。L的其它实例包括二胺,其包括乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、丙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丙二胺、顺式-和反式-二氨基环己烷、以及顺式-和反式-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二氨基环己烷;亚胺,包括2[(1-苯基亚氨基)乙基]吡啶、2[(1-(2-甲基苯基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶、2[(1-(2,6-异丙基苯基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶、2[(1-(甲基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶、2[(1-(乙基亚氨基)甲基)吡啶、2[(1-(乙基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶、2[(1-(异丙基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶、和2[(1-(叔丁基亚氨基)乙基)吡啶;二亚胺,包括1,2-双(甲基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(乙基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(异丙基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(叔丁基亚氨基)乙烷、2,3-双(甲基亚氨基)丁烷、2,3-双(乙基亚氨基)丁烷、2,3-双(异丙基亚氨基)丁烷、2,3-双(叔丁基亚氨基)丁烷、1,2-双(苯基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(2-甲基苯基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基亚氨基)乙烷、1,2-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基亚氨基)乙烷、2,3-双(苯基亚氨基)丁烷、2,3-双(2-甲基苯基亚氨基)丁烷、2,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基亚氨基)丁烷和2,3-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯基亚氨基)丁烷;含两个氮原子的杂环化合物,包括2,2’-联吡啶和o-菲咯啉;二膦,包括双-(二苯基膦基)甲烷、双-(二苯基膦基)乙烷,双-(二苯基膦基)丙烷,双-(二甲基膦基)甲烷、双-(二甲基膦基)乙烷、双-(二甲基膦基)丙烷、双-(二乙基膦基)甲烷、双-(二乙基膦基)乙烷、双-(二乙基膦基)丙烷、双-(二叔丁基膦基)甲烷、双-(二叔丁基膦基)乙烷和双-(二叔丁基膦基)丙烷;由1,3-二酮(β-二酮)制备的1,3-二酮酸酯(β-二酮酸酯),包括乙酰丙酮、苯甲酰丙酮、1,5-二苯基乙酰基丙酮、联苯甲酰甲烷、以及双(1,1,1-三氟乙酰基)甲烷;由3-酮酸酯(3-keto ester)制备的3-酮酸酯(3-ketonate),包括乙酰乙酸乙酯;由氨基羧酸制备的羧酸酯,包括吡啶-2-羧酸酯、8-氢喹啉酸酯、喹啉-2-羧酸酯、甘氨酸、二甲基甘氨酸、丙氨酸和二甲基氨基丙氨酸;由水杨亚胺制备的水杨亚胺酸酯,所述水杨亚胺包括甲基水杨亚胺、乙基水杨亚胺和苯基水杨亚胺;由二醇制备的二醇酸酯,所述二醇包括乙二醇和1,3-丙二醇;由二硫醇制备的二硫醇酸酯,包括二硫醇酸1,2-乙二醇酯和二硫醇酸1,3-丙二醇酯。优选地,L为β-二酮酸酯,吡啶-2-羧酸酯、水杨亚胺酸酯、或8-氢喹啉或喹啉-2-羧酸的衍生物。
含金属络合物的共轭发光聚合物
卤化芳族单体-金属络合物是金属-络合共轭发光聚合物的前体,所述金属-络合共轭发光聚合物可以是均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物等,并且可以通过许多方式中的任意一种制备。例如,该聚合物可以通过在美国专利6,169,163(‘163专利),41栏,50-67行到42栏,1-24行中描述的Suzuki偶合反应制备
在目前的情况下,Suzuki偶合反应可以通过在催化剂存在下,使卤化芳族单体-金属络合物(优选双(单卤化芳族)络合物)与二硼化芳族化合物反应进行,所述催化剂优选Pd/三苯基膦催化剂,比如四(三苯基膦)钯(0)。共聚单体(形成所得聚合物的结构单元)的芳基可以与卤化芳族单体金属络合物连接的芳基相同或不同,优选不相同。
通过在反应混合物中包含各种卤化和硼化共聚单体以及卤化芳族单体-金属络合物制备具有多于两个单体的结构单元的聚合物也是可以并且有时是优选的。
如在’163专利,11栏,9-34行中描述的那样,聚合也可以通过一个或多个卤化芳族单体-金属络合物与一个或多个二卤化芳族化合物在镍盐的参与下偶合而进行。
尽管可以用于与卤化芳族单体-金属络合物偶合的芳族共聚单体几乎是没有穷尽的,但其代表性列举可包括1,4-二X苯,1,3-二X苯,1,2-二X苯,4,4’-二X联苯,1,4-二X萘,2,6-二X萘,2,5-二X呋喃,2,5-二X噻酚,5,5-二X-2,2’-并噻酚,9,10-二X蒽,4,7-二X-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑,二X三芳基胺(包括N,N-二(4-X苯基)苯胺,N,N-二(4-X苯基)-对-甲苯胺和N-二X苯基-N-苯基苯胺),3,6-二X-N-取代咔唑,2,7-二X-N-取代咔唑,3,6-二X-dibenzosiloles,2,7-二X-dibenzosiloles,N-取代-3,7-二X吩噻嗪,N-取代-3,7-二X吩噻嗪,二X-N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯,二X-N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺,二X芳基硅烷和2,7-二X-9,9-二取代芴(包括其中9,9-取代基结合形成环结构的芴),以及这些单体的各种组合;其中每个X都独立地表示卤素或硼化物(boronate),优选溴、氯或硼化物,更优选溴或硼化物。此处使用的“硼化物”(boronate)指的是被硼烷基、硼酸酯(boronic acidester)基团或硼酸基团取代的芳族片断或化合物。
所得聚合物具有含a)芳基和b)芳族共聚单体的结构单元的主链,所述a)芳基也被连接到使芳基和金属络合物片断之间共轭中断的连接基团上,所述b)芳族共聚单体与芳基形成了共轭体系。术语“结构单元”此处用于指聚合后单体的残留部分。通过连接基团连接到金属络合物上的芳基的结构单元表示为下列结构:
式中L,M,Ar’和Ar”都如先前定义的那样,R’a和R’b中的至少一个,优选R’a和R’b中只有一个,包含芳基和连接基团G,其中所述芳基作为聚合物主链的一部分,并优选苯基、萘基、或蒽基,更优选为苯基,所述连接基团G中断了芳基和金属络合物片断之间的共轭。R’a和R’b中的另一个优选为单价取代基,所述单价取代基包括H在内。因此,式中Ar为苯基以及R’b为H时,形成了下列结构单元:
类似地,通过1,4-位置结合到聚合物主链上的含苯共聚单体的结构单元为1,4-亚苯基;通过2,7-位置结合到聚合物主链上的含9,9-二取代芴的共聚单体的结构单元为9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基,式中每个R都为取代基时,可解释为如下:
1,4-亚苯基 9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基
因此,相应于上述列举的共聚单体的结构单元为1,4-亚苯基,1,3-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,4,4’-亚联苯基,萘-1,4-二基,萘-2,6-二基,呋喃-2,5-二基,噻吩-2,5-二基,2,2’-并噻吩-5,5-二基,蒽-9,10-二基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,N-取代咔唑-3,6-二基,N-取代咔唑-2,7-二基,N-取代-吩噻嗪-3,7-二基,N-取代-吩噁嗪-3,7-二基,三芳基胺-二基(包括三苯胺-4,4’-二基,二苯基-对-甲苯胺-4,4’-二基,和N,N-二苯基苯胺-3,5-二基),dibenzosilole-3,6-二基,dibenzosilole-2,7-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺-二基,芳基硅烷-二基,和9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基。应当理解的是,聚合物、共聚物等并没有限制于其制造的形式。
由于优选至少90%、更优选至少95%以及最优选100%的芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元包含并入聚合物主链内的金属络合物,因此所得聚合物具有含可精确控制的金属络合作用的共轭主链。而且,由于配位体和聚合物主链之间不存在直接的离域作用,因此金属络合物从共轭聚合物主链孤立隔离,这种隔离保持了金属络合物的发光性质。术语“共轭聚合物”和“共轭聚合物主链”用于表示聚合物主链具有贯穿至少两个相邻结构单元、优选至少5个相邻结构单元、更优选至少10个相邻结构单元发生离域的电子。
优选地,卤化芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元与共聚单体的结构单元的比优选至少为0.01∶99.99,更优选至少为0.1∶99.9,最优选为至少1∶99,并且优选为不大于20∶80,更优选为不大于10∶90。
本发明的聚合物优选具有的重均分子量Mw为至少5000道尔顿,更优选为至少10,000道尔顿,还更优选为至少50,000道尔顿,最优选为至少100,000道尔顿;并且优选为小于2,000,000道尔顿。Mw使用凝胶渗透色谱和聚苯乙烯标准测定。
本发明的聚合物可以与一个或多个其它聚合物组合,形成混合物。合适混合的聚合物的实例包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯撑、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醚和酯、氟聚合物、聚咔唑、聚芳基撑-乙烯撑、聚芳基撑,聚噻吩、聚呋喃、聚吡咯、聚吡啶、聚芴的均聚物或共聚物(包括三元共聚物或更多元的聚合物),以及它们的各种组合。
本发明的聚合物或混合物可以与足够量的一种或多种溶剂(下面称作“溶剂”)结合,形成可用作例如油墨的溶液。溶剂量的变化取决于溶剂自身及应用,但基于发光聚合物、任选添加剂或改进剂以及溶剂的重量计,溶剂量通常以至少80重量%、更优选至少90重量%以及最优选至少95重量%的浓度使用。
用于聚合物的适当溶剂的实例包括苯;单-、二-和三烷基苯,包括C1-12烷基苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯、环己基苯和二乙基苯;呋喃,包括四氢呋喃和2,3-苯并呋喃;1,2,3,4-四氢萘;异丙基苯;十氢化萘;均四甲苯;氯仿;1,8-萜二烯;二氧杂环己烷;烷氧基苯,包括茴香醚和甲基茴香醚;苯甲酸烷基酯,包括苯甲酸甲酯;联苯,包括异丙基联苯;吡咯烷酮,包括环己基吡咯烷酮;咪唑,包括二甲基咪唑啉酮;和氟化溶剂;以及这些溶剂的组合。更优选的溶剂包括C1-8烷基苯、环己基苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯、1,2,3,4-四氢萘,苯甲酸甲酯、异丙基联苯、和茴香醚,以及这些溶剂的各种组合。
在通常的应用中,油墨配方可以沉积在基底如其上沉积有孔输送材料的铟-锡-氧化物(ITO)上。然后,溶剂蒸发,油墨由此形成发光聚合物薄膜。该膜用作有机发光二极管(OLED)装置中的活性层,所述有机发光二极管装置可以用于制备显示器,如自发射平板显示器。该膜也可以用于包括光源、光伏打电池和场效应晶体管装置的其它电子器件。
下面的实施例只是用于解释目的,而不是要限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-铱(III)双{2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶合-N,C2’}(乙酰丙酮化物)的制备
A.2-(4’-苯氧基)苯基吡啶的制备
4-苯氧基苯基硼酸(10.7g,0.05摩尔)和2-溴吡啶(11.58g,0.075摩尔)溶解在250mL THF中,然后再加入2M NaCO3(60mL)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.29g)。反应混合物在回流下沸腾过夜,然后转移到分液漏斗中,除去水层。有机层真空除去,残留物通过硅胶柱,首先使用1∶1氯仿和己烷的混合物洗脱,然后用纯氯仿洗脱,获得浅黄色油。HPLC表明纯度为99.5%。GCMS:M+=247。
B.2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶的制备
N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS,3.95g,22.2mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液在室温下加入2-(4’-苯氧基)苯基吡啶(5.8g,23.4mmol)的DMF(100mL)溶液中。反应混合物在80℃下搅拌1小时。HPLC表明,有40%的起始原料被转化。加入另外的NBS(1.55g),反应在80℃下继续过夜。HPLC表明,转化率为~55%。再加入NBS(5g),反应在80℃下继续1h。HPLC表明,起始原料完全转化。冷却到室温后,反应混合物倒入搅拌的水(300mL)中,然后将NaOH溶液(15mL,50%(w/w))加入到混合物中。该混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后过滤收集固体。该固体用水洗涤,再从乙醇中重结晶,获得5.5g标题化合物白色晶体。HPLC表明,纯度为98.6%。GCMS:M+=327。
C.铱(III)双{2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶合-N,C2’}μ-氯-桥联二聚体的制备
氯化铱(III)(%Ir=54.11,1.5g,4.25mmol)和2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶(3.5g)在室温下分散在2-乙氧乙醇(30mL)中。混合物在氮气下回流沸腾20h,在这过程中,从溶液中沉析出黄色固体。向反应混合物中加入甲醇(100mL),使其完全沉淀。固体用过滤收集,再用甲醇、1N HCl和乙醇顺序洗涤,再在40℃真空中干燥,获得3.27g黄色粉末。
D.铱(III)双{2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶合-N,C2’}(乙酰丙酮化物)的制备
铱(III)双{2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶合-N,C2’}μ-氯-桥联二聚体(1.05g,0.6mmol)和碳酸钠(1.0g)分散在2-乙氧基乙醇(60mL)中。混合物在室温下用氮气脱气15分钟,随之2,4-戊二酮(0.132g,1.32mmol)与2-乙氧基乙醇(20mL)一起加入。混合物回流1h。TLC表明,没有二聚体起始原料,发现主产物为绿色发射材料。冷却到室温之后,加入水(100mL),以使产物沉淀出来。黄色固体过滤收集,并在40℃下真空干燥过夜。粗产物重新溶解在二氯甲烷中,并且在由二氯甲烷洗脱的硅胶柱上纯化,获得0.48g黄色粉末,HPLC表明,纯度为99.5%。
实施例2-含铱(III)双{2-[(4’-苯氧基苯基)吡啶合-N,C2’](乙酰丙酮化物)的共聚合物的制备
四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(5mg)和2M碳酸钠水溶液(11mL)在氮气下加入到下列物质在甲苯(50mL)的搅拌混合物中:9,9-二(1-辛基)芴-2,7-二硼酸乙二醇酯(2.149g,4.04mmol)、2,7-二溴-9,9-双(1-辛基)芴(1.647g,3.00mmol)、3,7-二溴-N-(4-正丁基)-苯基-吩噁嗪(0.190g,0.40mmol)、N,N’-(二(溴苯基)-N,N’-二(9,9-二丁基)芴-1,4-苯二胺(0.390g,0.40mmol)、铱(III)双{2-[4’-(4”-溴苯氧基)苯基]吡啶合-N,C2’}(乙酰丙酮化物)(0.188g,0.20mmol)和Aliquat 336(0.75g)相转移催化剂。反应混合物在101℃氮气下搅拌16h。然后,加入9,9-二(1-辛基)芴-2,7-二硼酸乙二醇酯(20mg),并且在相同条件下继续聚合另外的3小时。然后,在相同的反应条件下2小时内加入溴苯(0.15g,溶解在10mL甲苯中)。在相同条件下4小时内加入苯基硼酸(0.4g)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(3mg,溶解在10mL甲苯中)。混合物可以冷却到50℃,除去水层,有机层用水洗涤。所得聚合物溶液然后倒入正在搅拌的甲醇(1.5L)中,沉淀出浅黄色的聚合物纤维。这些纤维过滤收集,用甲醇洗涤,并在50℃真空中干燥过夜。聚合物再溶解在甲苯中,溶液通过装填有硅藻土层和硅胶层的柱子。合并后的洗脱液浓缩至100mL,然后倒入搅拌下的甲醇(1.5L)中。聚合物纤维收集,并在50℃真空中干燥过夜。聚合物再次溶解在甲苯中,并且在甲醇中重新沉淀。进一步过滤和干燥后,获得2.26g浅黄色纤维。聚合物的重均分子量(Mw)使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和聚苯乙烯标准测定为121,000,多分散指数(Mw/Mn)为3.78。
实施例3-含铱(III)双{2-[(4’-苯氧基苯基)吡啶合-N,C2’](乙酰丙酮化物)的芴共聚物II
除了N,N-二苯基-3,5-二溴苯胺(0.3248g,0.80mmol)用于代替二溴-N-(4-正丁基)-苯基-吩噁嗪和N,N’-(二(溴苯基)-N,N’-二(9,9-二丁基)芴-1,4-苯二胺(0.390g,0.40mmol)之外,进行实施例2中描述的步骤;以2.13g的产率制备出共聚物II。
实施例4-含金属络合物的聚合物的发光器件
聚(乙二氧噻吩)/聚苯乙烯磺酸(从H.C.Starck and BAYTRONTM Pconducting polyer商购)的薄膜旋涂在涂敷有ITO(氧化铟锡)的玻璃基底上,厚度为80nm。然后,将实施例3中描述的含金属络合物的聚合物膜用二甲苯溶液旋涂在厚度为80nm上的PEDOT膜上。干燥之后,LiF薄层(3nm)通过热蒸发沉积在聚合物层的上面,随后进行钙阴极(10-nm厚)的沉积。通过蒸发作用形成附加的铝层,以覆盖钙阴极。将偏压(ITO正性接线)施加在所得器件上,获得蓝绿色光发射。在200cd/m2记录的电致发光光谱相应于CIE 1931图中的色度坐标(x=0.240,y=0.270)。在13V下,发射亮度达到200cd/m2,发光效率为0.08cd/A。
Claims (10)
1.一种卤化芳族单体-金属络合化合物,其含有卤化芳族单体片断和金属络合物片断,并且由下列结构表示:
式中L为选自由二胺、亚胺、二亚胺、含两个氮原子的杂环、二膦、β-二酮酸酯、3-酮酸酯、水杨亚胺酸酯、二乙醇化物和二硫醇酯组成的组中的二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh,或Os;Ar’和Ar”为可以相同或不同的各自独立地选自由苯、吡啶、噻吩、芴、呋喃、苯并噻唑、萘、蒽、苯并噁唑、喹啉、吡咯、咪唑、吲哚、苯甲亚胺、和吡啶基甲烷酮部分组成的组中的芳族部分,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;并且其中Ra和Rb各自独立地为单价取代基或H,前提是Ra和Rb中至少一个为-G-Ar-X,其中G选自由O、亚甲基或氧亚甲基组成的组中,Ar为苯、萘或蒽部分,而X为卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Ar’和Ar”各自独立地选自由苯、吡啶、噻吩和芴部分组成的组中;Ra为-G-Ar-X,其中G选自由O、亚甲基或氧亚甲基组成的组中,Ar为苯、萘或蒽部分,而X为卤素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中Ar’为苯部分,Ar”为吡啶部分;L选自由β-二酮酸酯、吡啶-2-羧酸酯、水杨亚胺酸酯、8-氢喹啉的衍生物、喹啉-2-羧酸的衍生物组成的组中;Ar为苯部分;X为Br。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的化合物,其中L为β-二酮酸酯。
5.一种电致发光聚合物,其具有含a)芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和b)至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元的主链,所述a)芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元表示为下列化学式:
式中L为选自由二胺、亚胺、二亚胺、含两个氮原子的杂环、二膦、β-二酮酸酯、3-酮酸酯、水杨亚胺酯、羧酸酯、二乙醇化物和二硫醇酯组成的组中的二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh或Os;Ar’和Ar”为各自独立地选自由苯、吡啶、噻吩、芴、呋喃、苯并噻唑、萘、蒽、苯并噁唑、喹啉、吡咯、咪唑、吲哚、苯甲亚胺、和吡啶基甲烷酮部分组成的组中的芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;其中R’a和R’b为取代基或H,前提是R’a和R’b中至少一个为-Ar-G-,其中G选自由O、亚甲基或氧亚甲基组成的组中,Ar选自由苯基、萘基和蒽基组成的组中;所述聚合物的特征在于其沿着由所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元形成的聚合物主链被共轭,其重均分子量Mw至少为5000道尔顿,并且其中所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元的摩尔比为至少0.01∶99.99,并且其中所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元选自由下列基团组成的组中:1,4-亚苯基,1,3-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,4,4’-亚联苯基,萘-1,4-二基,萘-2,6-二基,呋喃-2,5-二基,噻吩-2,5-二基,2,2’-并噻吩-5,5-二基,蒽-9,10-二基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,N-取代咔唑-3,6-二基,N-取代咔唑-2,7-二基,二苯并矽咯-3,6-二基,二苯并矽咯-2,7-二基,N-取代-吩噻嗪-3,7-二基,N-取代-吩噁嗪-3,7-二基,三芳基胺-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺-二基,芳基硅烷-二基,和9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基以及这些基团的各种组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚合物,其中Ar’和Ar”各自独立地选自由苯、吡啶、噻吩和芴部分组成的组中;R’a为-Ar-G-,其中G中断了Ar和Ar’之间的共轭并且选自由O、S、羰基、亚烷基、和氧化烯基组成的组中;Ar选自由苯基、萘基和蒽基组成的组中。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的聚合物,其中Ar’和Ar”中的一个为苯部分,Ar’和Ar”中的另一个为吡啶部分;L选自由β-二酮酸酯、吡啶-2-羧酸酯、水杨亚胺酸酯、8-氢喹啉酸酯和喹啉-2-羧酸酯组成的组中;Ar为苯基;共聚单体的结构单元选自由下列基团组成的组中的任意两种或更多种:9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基、1,4-亚苯基、N-取代咔唑-3,8-二基、N-取代咔唑-4,7-二基、N,N-二苯基苯胺-3,5-二基、三苯基胺-4,4’-二基、二苯基-对甲苯胺-4,4’-二基以及N-取代-吩噁嗪-3,7-二基。
8.一种组合物,其包括权利要求5~7中任一项所述的聚合物以及用于该聚合物和/或至少一种其它聚合物的溶剂,所述至少一种其它聚合物选自由聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯撑、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醚和酯、氟聚合物、聚咔唑、聚芳基撑-乙烯撑、聚芳基撑,聚噻吩、聚呋喃、聚吡咯、聚吡啶、聚芴的均聚物或共聚物,以及它们的各种组合组成的组中,三元共聚物或更多元的聚合物也包括在所述均聚物或共聚物内。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中所述溶剂选自由C1-8烷基苯、环己基苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯、1,2,3,4-四氢萘、苯甲酸甲酯、异丙基联苯、和茴香醚、以及这些溶剂的各种组合。
10.一种电子器件,其包括夹在阳极和阴极之间的电致发光聚合物薄膜,所述聚合物具有带有a)和b)的主链,其中所述a)为芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元,该结构单元表示为下列化学式:
式中L为选自由二胺、亚胺、二亚胺、含两个氮原子的杂环、二膦、β-二酮酸酯、3-酮酸酯、水杨亚胺酯、羧酸酯、二乙醇化物和二硫醇酯组成的组中的二齿配位体;M为Ir,Rh或Os;Ar’和Ar”为各自独立地选自由苯、吡啶、噻吩、芴、呋喃、苯并噻唑、萘、蒽、苯并噁唑、喹啉、吡咯、咪唑、吲哚、苯甲亚胺、和吡啶基甲烷酮部分组成的组中的芳族部分,它们可以相同或不同,前提是Ar’和Ar”中至少一个为杂芳族;并且其中R’a和R’b为取代基或H,前提是R’a和R’b中至少一个为-Ar-G-,其中G选自由O、亚甲基或氧亚甲基组成的组中,Ar选自由苯基、萘基和蒽基组成的组中;所述b)为至少一个芳族共聚单体的结构单元,所述聚合物的特征在于其沿着由所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元形成的聚合物主链被共轭,其重均分子量Mw至少为5000道尔顿,并且其中所述芳族单体-金属络合物的结构单元和所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元的摩尔比为至少0.01∶99.99,并且其中所述至少一种芳族共聚单体的结构单元选自由下列基团组成的组中:1,4-亚苯基,1,3-亚苯基,1,2-亚苯基,4,4’-亚联苯基,萘-1,4-二基,萘-2,6-二基,呋喃-2,5-二基,噻吩-2,5-二基,2,2’-并噻吩-5,5-二基,蒽-9,10-二基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4,7-二基,N-取代咔唑-3,6-二基,N-取代咔唑-2,7-二基,二苯并矽咯-3,6-二基,二苯并矽咯-2,7-二基,N-取代-吩噻嗪-3,7-二基,N-取代-吩噁嗪-3,7-二基,三芳基胺-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基-1,4-二氨基苯-二基,N,N,N’,N’-四芳基联苯胺-二基,芳基硅烷-二基,和9,9-二取代芴-2,7-二基以及这些基团的各种组合。
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US5708130A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1998-01-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | 2,7-aryl-9-substituted fluorenes and 9-substituted fluorene oligomers and polymers |
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DE60103442T3 (de) | 2000-03-31 | 2014-05-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. | Polymerisches fluoreszentes Material, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, und lumineszentes Polymergerät worin es eingesetzt wird |
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US7288617B2 (en) * | 2001-03-24 | 2007-10-30 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Conjugated polymers containing spirobifluorene units and fluorene units, and the use thereof |
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US7250226B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2007-07-31 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai | Phosphorescent compound, a phosphorescent composition and an organic light-emitting device |
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US7705528B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
WO2005016945A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
US20100160631A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
US20110172426A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
TW200513511A (en) | 2005-04-16 |
US8071769B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
GB2421242A (en) | 2006-06-21 |
JP4648316B2 (ja) | 2011-03-09 |
GB2421242B (en) | 2008-01-02 |
MY136817A (en) | 2008-11-28 |
JP2007501230A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
GB0602029D0 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
KR101180135B1 (ko) | 2012-09-05 |
US20050031900A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
DE112004001446T5 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
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