CN100522152C - 肉桂酸二聚体,它们的制剂及其在治疗神经变性病中的应用 - Google Patents

肉桂酸二聚体,它们的制剂及其在治疗神经变性病中的应用 Download PDF

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CN100522152C
CN100522152C CNB028290186A CN02829018A CN100522152C CN 100522152 C CN100522152 C CN 100522152C CN B028290186 A CNB028290186 A CN B028290186A CN 02829018 A CN02829018 A CN 02829018A CN 100522152 C CN100522152 C CN 100522152C
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金东辰
申桂政
俞载勋
李熙卨
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Scigenic Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及肉桂酸二聚体,它们的制剂及其在治疗神经变性病中的应用,其在体内对增强学习和记忆保持能力具有优异效果,并且即使当长时期施用时,通过不显示激素性质而具有更小的副作用,因此可以用于包括痴呆的神经变性病。

Description

肉桂酸二聚体,它们的制剂及其在治疗神经变性病中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐,其制备及其在预防和治疗神经变性病中的应用,所述肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐在体内对增强学习和记忆保持能力具有优异效果。
背景技术
在医学科学的各个领域中,神经变性病发展最小。因此,目前许多外国药物公司兴趣集中于神经变性病,特别是痴呆。因为还未开发对痴呆的优异疗法,期望发展痴呆新疗法形成巨大市场。
经病理学检查痴呆患者的脑细胞和器官以后,通常观察到β-淀粉样蛋白形成的斑块。然而,有争议的是该斑块是否作为发病机理或作为发病机理产物累积。仅观察到的事实是在大多数痴呆患者中形成老年斑和当这些斑块减少时痴呆症状改善。许多研究者已经寻找痴呆的原因及其治疗,但它们还未被揭示。
在另一方面,本发明人的韩国专利申请号2001-20411和国际专利申请号PCT/KR01/02103,其内容结合于此作为参考,公开了阿魏酸二聚体对痴呆的优异治疗作用。阿魏酸二聚体对痴呆的优异治疗作用已经通过体内实验证实,在该实验中将阿魏酸二聚体施用于小鼠,导致该小鼠记忆保持能力的显著提高。阿魏酸的生化机制还未揭露,但以上专利申请公开了阿魏酸二聚体对痴呆具有优异的治疗作用。
发明内容
发明概述
我们-本发明的发明人,制备新的肉桂酸二聚体化合物,其对痴呆显示改善的治疗作用。本发明的肉桂酸二聚体对痴呆具有改善的治疗作用,并通过不显示激素性质而最小化由过量施用药物导致的副作用。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供肉桂酸二聚体,它们的药用盐,它们的制备及其在预防和治疗神经变性病中的应用。
附图说明
从下列详述,再结合附图,将更清楚地理解本发明的以上及其它目的,特征和其它优势,其中:
图1是显示本发明月桂酸二聚体(实施例1)的消极躲避反应时间的直方图。
A为施用生理盐水的小鼠,
B为施用β-淀粉样蛋白的小鼠,
C为施用肉桂酸二聚体(实施例1)和β-淀粉样蛋白的小鼠。
发明公开
为了实现这些目的,本发明提供肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐。
(式1)
Figure C02829018D00051
其中,R是氢或C1-C5的烷基,
X是氧或-NH,-NCH3
Y是-OCH3,-NHCH3或-N(CH3)2
间隔基是碳,或含氧或氮的C2-C8的烷基,
肉桂酸二聚体的X和Y为邻位,间位或对位。
可以以无机盐或有机盐的形式制备本发明的肉桂酸二聚体,所述无机盐如钠盐,钾盐,镁盐和钙盐;所述有机盐如当归酸,赖氨酸和乙醇胺,N,N’-二苄基乙二胺形成的盐。另外,可以用三萜烯醇或植物甾醇如环阿屯醇以酯的形式制备本发明的肉桂酸二聚体。
此外,本发明不仅包含肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐,而且包含可以由其制备的任何溶剂化盐和水合盐。
如在下式1中可以看出,本发明的肉桂酸二聚体具有这样一种结构,其中在各自苯环的邻位,间位或对位上取代的烷氧基或烷基胺基团与适当长度的链,即含有2-8个碳的链或含氧或含氮链连接,所述苯环包含各个肉桂酸单体的核心。
本发明提供了按照反应路线1的式1的肉桂酸二聚体的制备方法。
(反应路线1)
Figure C02829018D00061
其中R,X,Y和间隔基如以上式1所定义。
如反应路线1所示,本发明肉桂酸二聚体(式1)的制备方法包含将式2的苯甲醛二聚体化合物与丙二酸或丙二酸酯反应以获得式1的肉桂酸二聚体。
该反应称为“诺文葛耳(Knoevenagel)反应”在有机化学领域普遍和广泛已知,考虑反应物和产物,可以适当地选择反应条件(可用溶剂,反应温度和反应时间等)。在这方面,作为溶剂,可以使用包括哌啶和吡啶的各种碱性有机溶剂,例如二甲基吡啶,二甲基甲酰胺等。此外,反应温度通常在80-100℃,反应时间通常为2-6小时。优选反应在哌啶和吡啶存在下在80-90℃反应3-5小时。
为了制备本发明的肉桂酸二聚体,按照下列反应路线2所示方法可以生产用作原料的式2的苯甲醛二聚体。更具体地,其可以按照下列步骤获得:式3的羟基苯甲醛化合物或氨基苯甲醛化合物与式4的二甲苯磺酰基化合物在碱的存在下反应以获得式2的苯甲醛二聚体。
(反应路线2)
Figure C02829018D00062
其中R,X,Y和间隔基如以上式1所定义。
在该制备方法中,有用碱的实例包括强碱如LiH,NaH,KH,KOH,NaOH等或弱碱如K2CO3,Na2CO3等,但当然不限于它们。
本发明提供式2所示中间体,其用于制备式1所示的肉桂酸二聚体。
(式2)
Figure C02829018D00071
其中R,X,Y和间隔基如以上式1所定义。
此外,本发明提供用于预防和治疗神经变性病的药物组合物,其包含肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐。
本发明的肉桂酸二聚体对治疗神经变性病具有优异效果。具体地,作为对小鼠消极躲避试验的步通(step-through)潜伏时间的结果(图1),施用式1的肉桂酸二聚体和β-淀粉样蛋白的小鼠与施用生理盐水的对照小鼠相同,并显著高于仅施用β-淀粉样蛋白的对照小鼠。如结果所示,已经发现肉桂酸二聚体对增强学习和记忆保持能力具有优异效果,可以用于预防和治疗神经变性病如痴呆。此外,即使当长时期施用时,肉桂酸二聚体通过不显示激素性质而具有更小的副作用。
按照常规方法,本发明的肉桂酸二聚体可以与适当载体或赋形剂混合,或用稀释剂稀释以生产用于预防和治疗神经变性病的药物组合物。适当载体、赋形剂和稀释剂包括乳糖,葡萄糖,蔗糖,山梨糖醇,甘露糖,木糖醇,赤藻糖醇,麦芽糖醇,淀粉,金合欢胶,藻酸盐,明胶,磷酸钙,硅酸钙,纤维素,甲基纤维素,微晶纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,水,羟基苯甲酸甲酯,羟基苯甲酸丙酯,滑石,硬脂酸镁和矿物油。药物组合物另外包括填充剂,抗凝剂,润滑剂,润湿剂,芳香剂,乳化剂,防腐剂等。本发明的组合物可以使用本领域公知的方法以制剂形式制备,以在施用于动物以后提供快速,持续或缓释的活性成分。剂型可以是片剂,丸剂,粉末,小药囊,酏剂,混悬剂,乳剂,溶液,糖浆,气溶胶,软或硬胶囊,无菌注射液,或无菌包装粉。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过各种途径施用,包括口服,或透皮,皮下,静脉内或肌内导入。优选日剂量可以是10-30mg/kg体重,可以以单剂量或分剂量施用。然而,本领域任何技术人员应当理解实际施用的活性成分的量应当根据各种相关因素来确定,所述因素包括所选给药途径,个体受试者的年龄,性别和体重,受试者症状的严重性;因此,上述剂量不应当认为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
作为本发明肉桂酸二聚体在小鼠上的急性毒性试验的结果,已经发现肉桂酸二聚体具有高生物稳定性,显示高于5,000mg/kg的LD50,根本未显示急性毒性,因此本发明的化合物可以安全地施用于生物体。
实施例
<实施例1>1,2-二[2-甲氧基-4-(2-羧乙烯基)]苯氧基乙烷的制备
(步骤1)制备1.2-二(2-甲氧基-4-甲酰基)苯氧基乙烷
将5g(32.8mmol)3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛溶解在200ml无水二甲基甲酰胺中,然后在室温下缓慢加入1.58g(39.4mmol)的60%NaH。在该温度下搅拌反应混合物30分钟,其中在证实气体已经停止产生以后加入5.78g(15.6mmol)乙二醇二甲磺酸酯。在80℃下搅拌反应混合物5小时,然后在使用薄层色谱法(TLC)证实反应完成后,在室温下冷却,然后将反应混合物加入1000ml水中并剧烈搅拌。将产生的固体化合物过滤,用1000ml水和500ml己烷洗涤,然后在真空干燥器中干燥,产生4.86g(94.1%)的1,2-[2-(对甲氧基苄氧基)-5-甲酰基]苯氧基乙烷,其为白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ 9.86(s,2H),7.57(dd,2H,J=1.8,8.2Hz),7.41(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.27(d,2H,J=8.2Hz),4.48(s,4H),3.82(s,6H)。
(步骤2)1.2-二[2-甲氧基-4-(2-羰基乙烯基)]苯氧基乙烷
将在步骤1中制备的5.66g(17.1mmol)的1,2-二(2-甲氧基-4-甲酰基)苯氧基乙烷和8.92g(85.6mmol)丙二酸完全溶解在70ml无水吡啶中,然后加入0.5ml哌啶。将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌8小时,然后在已经证实反应完成以后,在室温下冷却,接着过滤生成的晶体。用500ml乙醇和500ml乙醚连续洗涤晶体,然后在真空干燥器中干燥,获得6.97g(98.1%)的1,2-二[2-甲氧基-4-(2-羧基乙烯基)]苯氧基乙烷,其为白色晶体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ 12.1(bs,2H),7.44(d,2H,J=15.8Hz),7.24(s,2H),7.12(d,2H,J=8.2Hz),6.95(d,2H,J=8.2Hz),6.38(d,2H,J=15.8Hz),4.24(s,4H),3.70(s,6H);
13C NMR(75MHz,DMSO)δ 168.79,150.55,149.83,144.93,128.28,123.44,117.77,113.53,111.38,67.84,56.39;
IR(KBr)2954,1692,1512,1260cm-1
分析理论值C22H22O8:C 63.76,H 5.35
实验值:C 63.4,H 5.4
<实施例2>本发明肉桂酸二聚体的制备
按照与实施例1相同的方法制备各种肉桂酸二聚体。结果在表1,2,3,4中显示。
(表1)
Figure C02829018D00101
(表2)
Figure C02829018D00111
(表3)
Figure C02829018D00121
(表4)
Figure C02829018D00131
<实验实施例1>给药对小鼠学习和记忆保持能力的作用
本实验使用四组小鼠,每组10只小鼠,4-5周龄,重20-25g。每天一次使用探头与1%DMSO和1%CMC一起施用每种样品(样品:A-生理盐水溶液;B-β-淀粉样蛋白;C-肉桂酸二聚体(实施例1)和β-淀粉样蛋白)。在连续3天向脑室注射1.82g每种样品以后,在最后一次注射以后的第一天和第二天进行消极躲避试验。所有数据由10只小鼠的平均获得。
为了检查小鼠的学习和记忆保持能力,按照Song等,J.Neurochem.,1998,71,875所述方法进行消极躲避试验。制备装备有亮室和暗室的消极躲避室,其中设计暗室的地板向试验动物传递电击。首先,将小鼠放在亮室,在进入暗室以后,给予动物0.25mA的电击1秒。在训练24小时后,将小鼠再次放置在亮室中。然后,测量小鼠进入暗室所花时间作为消极躲避时间。最大限制时间设置为300秒,即在小鼠花超过300秒进入暗室的情形中,将消极躲避时间确定为300秒。获得的结果在图1中显示。
如在图1中可以看出,施用式1的肉桂酸二聚体和β-淀粉样蛋白的小鼠(C)的步通潜伏期(秒)显著高于仅施用β-淀粉样蛋白(1-42)的小鼠(B)。因此小鼠的学习和记忆保持能力是优异的。
<实验实施例2>肉桂酸二聚体的口服毒性试验
在温度为22±3℃,相对湿度为50±10%,照明度为150-300Lux的动物园饲养1周以后,将20只雌性和20只雄性4周龄的Spraque-Dawley大鼠分成四个包括5只雌性和5只雄性大鼠的组。
将实施例1制备的肉桂酸二聚体溶解在玉米油中,以一次300,1,000,3,000和10,000mg/kg的剂量用溶液口服给药4组的大鼠。在给药以后,观察全身症状的变化和死亡发生7天。另外,在给药第7天杀死大鼠,解剖,用肉眼检查内部器官。从给药日起测量每日的重量变化,因此观察归因于肉桂酸二聚体的动物重量减少。
结果,发现肉桂酸二聚体的LD50值对于雄性和雌性都为5,000mg/kg。解剖和观察所有存活的动物。对于施用5,000mg/kg或更少的组用肉眼未看到病理学变化。另外,施用5,000mg/kg或更少的组的体重。
<制剂实施例1>制备硬明胶胶囊制剂
将在实施例1中制备的100mg肉桂酸二聚体,45mg乳钙,122mg微晶纤维素,15mg异黄酮,2.5mg银杏提取物,2mg龙爪枣(Zizyphusjujuba)提取物,0.25mg维生素B1,0.3mg维生素B2,0.0025mg维生素D3和2.5mg硬脂酸镁充分混合并装入硬胶囊来制备硬明胶胶囊制剂。
<制剂实施例2>制备肠胃外溶液制剂
将在实施例1中制备的0.03g肉桂酸二聚体,0.6g氯化钠和0.1g抗坏血酸溶解在稀释水中以获得100ml溶液。将溶液加入瓶,然后在20℃下加热30分钟灭菌。
已经以举例说明的方式描述本发明,应当理解所用术语意欲是描述而不是限制的性质。根据以上教导可能进行本发明的许多改进和变化。因此,应当理解在后附权利要求的范围内,可以在具体描述以外实施本发明。

Claims (8)

1.由式1表示的肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐,
式1
Figure C02829018C00021
其中,R是氢或C2烷基,
X是氧或-NH,-NCH3
Y是-OCH3,-NHCH3或-N(CH3)2
间隔基是C2-C8烷基,C3-C8链烯基或含有氧的C3-C8烷基;
肉桂酸二聚体的X和Y为邻位或间位。
2.按照权利要求1的肉桂酸二聚体及其药用盐,其中肉桂酸二聚体的盐是无机盐或有机盐,所述无机盐包含钠盐,钾盐,镁盐和钙盐,所述有机盐包含当归酸,赖氨酸,乙醇胺和N,N’-二苄基乙二胺的盐。
3.制备权利要求1的肉桂酸二聚体的方法,其包含将式2的苯甲醛二聚体化合物与丙二酸或丙二酸酯反应以获得式1的肉桂酸二聚体,
反应路线1
其中R,X,Y和间隔基如以上式1所定义。
4.按照权利要求3的方法,其中所述反应是在吡啶和哌啶的存在下进行。
5.按照权利要求3的方法,其中在80-90℃下进行所述反应3-5小时。
6.按照权利要求3的方法,其包含将羟基苯甲醛或氨基苯甲醛与式4的二甲苯磺酰基化合物在碱的存在下反应以获得式2的苯甲醛二聚体,
反应路线2
Figure C02829018C00031
其中R,X,Y和间隔基如以上式1所定义。
7.按照权利要求6的方法,其中所述碱为LiH,NaH,KH,KOH或NaOH。
8.预防和治疗神经变性病的药物组合物,其包含权利要求1的肉桂酸二聚体或其药用盐。
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