CH643371A5 - Process for producing photographic silver halide emulsions which contain silver halide crystals of the twinned type - Google Patents
Process for producing photographic silver halide emulsions which contain silver halide crystals of the twinned type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH643371A5 CH643371A5 CH425179A CH425179A CH643371A5 CH 643371 A5 CH643371 A5 CH 643371A5 CH 425179 A CH425179 A CH 425179A CH 425179 A CH425179 A CH 425179A CH 643371 A5 CH643371 A5 CH 643371A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- crystals
- silver halide
- silver
- iodide
- stage
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 201
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 140
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 92
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 87
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 49
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010893 electron trap Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 76
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 76
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- IEIREBQISNYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ag](I)(Br)Cl Chemical compound [Ag](I)(Br)Cl IEIREBQISNYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PKCHODKZKBAVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chloro(iodo)silver Chemical compound Cl[Ag]I PKCHODKZKBAVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- OIPQUBBCOVJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L bromo(iodo)silver Chemical compound Br[Ag]I OIPQUBBCOVJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical class [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ILVUABTVETXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;bromide;iodide Chemical compound Br.I ILVUABTVETXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940080262 sodium tetrachloroaurate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-amino-2-methylphenyl) hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDXZEBIWWHCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au].[Au].C(CN)N Chemical compound [Au].[Au].C(CN)N URDXZEBIWWHCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=S Chemical compound [Au]=S XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWEGYAQDWBZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=[Se] Chemical compound [Au]=[Se] KWEGYAQDWBZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000298 carbocyanine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C=C BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BICAGYDGRXJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrobromide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Br BICAGYDGRXJYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDPJROKUKMXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-methylanilino)formamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NNC=O)C=C1 DDPJROKUKMXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QWYZFXLSWMXLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M pinacyanol iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC)C1=CC=CC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=[N+]1CC QWYZFXLSWMXLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GCZKMPJFYKFENV-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodogold Chemical compound I[Au](I)I GCZKMPJFYKFENV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/10—Organic substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
- G03C2001/0058—Twinned crystal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
- G03C2001/0156—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions pAg value; pBr value; pCl value; pI value
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03535—Core-shell grains
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03552—Epitaxial junction grains; Protrusions or protruded grains
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03558—Iodide content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03594—Size of the grains
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C2200/00—Details
- G03C2200/44—Details pH value
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2272878A GB1570581A (en) | 1978-05-25 | 1978-05-25 | Preparation of silver halide emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH643371A5 true CH643371A5 (en) | 1984-05-30 |
Family
ID=10184164
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH425179A CH643371A5 (en) | 1978-05-25 | 1979-05-07 | Process for producing photographic silver halide emulsions which contain silver halide crystals of the twinned type |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54155827A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE876475R (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH643371A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2921077A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2426924A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1570581A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4414310A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for the preparation of high aspect ratio silver bromoiodide emulsions |
| US4439520A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sensitized high aspect ratio silver halide emulsions and photographic elements |
| US4400463A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1983-08-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Silver chloride emulsions of modified crystal habit and processes for their preparation |
| US4434226A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-02-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | High aspect ratio silver bromoiodide emulsions and processes for their preparation |
| US4433048A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-02-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiation-sensitive silver bromoiodide emulsions, photographic elements, and processes for their use |
| US4425425A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1984-01-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover |
| US4414306A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Silver chlorobromide emulsions and processes for their preparation |
| CH653150A5 (fr) * | 1981-11-12 | 1985-12-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Produits photographiques positifs-directs. |
| CH653780A5 (fr) * | 1981-11-12 | 1986-01-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Produit pour la photographie par transfert d'image. |
| US4414304A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Forehardened high aspect ratio silver halide photographic elements and processes for their use |
| US4399215A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1983-08-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Double-jet precipitation processes and products thereof |
| US4386156A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1983-05-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Silver bromide emulsions of narrow grain size distribution and processes for their preparation |
| US4435501A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1984-03-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Controlled site epitaxial sensitization |
| JPS5929243A (ja) * | 1982-08-10 | 1984-02-16 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
| US4425426A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1984-01-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover |
| US4478929A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-10-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Dye image transfer film unit with tabular silver halide |
| US4504570A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-03-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Direct reversal emulsions and photographic elements useful in image transfer film units |
| JPS5999433A (ja) * | 1982-11-29 | 1984-06-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
| US4459353A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-07-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Gamma phase silver iodide emulsions, photographic elements containing these emulsions, and processes for their use |
| US4463087A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-07-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Controlled site epitaxial sensitization of limited iodide silver halide emulsions |
| JPS59177535A (ja) * | 1983-03-28 | 1984-10-08 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤およびその製造方法 |
| JPS6167845A (ja) * | 1984-09-11 | 1986-04-08 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
| JPS6177850A (ja) * | 1984-09-26 | 1986-04-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀カラ−写真感光材料 |
| JPS61267752A (ja) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-11-27 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
| JPH0697329B2 (ja) * | 1985-05-23 | 1994-11-30 | コニカ株式会社 | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
| JPS6256950A (ja) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-12 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE490866A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1948-08-31 | |||
| US3206313A (en) * | 1961-05-15 | 1965-09-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Chemically sensitized emulsions having low surface sensitivity and high internal sensitivity |
| GB1156193A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1969-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic Silver Halide Emulsions |
| US3703584A (en) * | 1970-08-20 | 1972-11-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of sensitizing converted-type silver halide emulsions with noble-metal salts |
| JPS5542738B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-05-11 | 1980-11-01 | ||
| GB1520976A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1978-08-09 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Photographic emulsions |
-
1978
- 1978-05-25 GB GB2272878A patent/GB1570581A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-05-07 CH CH425179A patent/CH643371A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-05-15 JP JP5872679A patent/JPS54155827A/ja active Granted
- 1979-05-22 FR FR7913048A patent/FR2426924A2/fr active Granted
- 1979-05-23 BE BE0/195329A patent/BE876475R/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-05-23 DE DE19792921077 patent/DE2921077A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1570581A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
| JPS54155827A (en) | 1979-12-08 |
| JPS6330616B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1988-06-20 |
| DE2921077A1 (de) | 1979-11-29 |
| FR2426924B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1983-07-18 |
| BE876475R (fr) | 1979-11-23 |
| FR2426924A2 (fr) | 1979-12-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CH643371A5 (en) | Process for producing photographic silver halide emulsions which contain silver halide crystals of the twinned type | |
| DE2725993C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | ||
| DE2806855C2 (de) | Photographische Silberhalogenidemulsion | |
| CH645468A5 (en) | Process for the preparation of photographic silver halide emulsions which contain silver halide crystals of the twinned type | |
| DE3707135B9 (de) | Silberhalogenidemulsionen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
| DE2905655C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von photographischen Silberhalogenidemulsionen, die Silberhalogenidkristalle vom Zwillingstyp enthalten | |
| DE3241638C2 (de) | Strahlungsempfindliche photographische Silberhalogenidemulsion und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben | |
| DE3241647C2 (de) | Photographische Silberhalogenidemulsion | |
| DE3241646C2 (de) | Lichtempfindliche Silberhalogenidemulsion sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
| DE3241637C2 (de) | Radiographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial | |
| DE2203462C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer photographischen Silberhalogenidemulsion | |
| DE68919039T2 (de) | Silberhalogenidemulsionen. | |
| DE69030603T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Silberbromjodidemulsion mit tafelförmigen Körnern und dadurch hergestellte Emulsionen | |
| DE2951670C2 (de) | Fotografische Silberhalogenidgelatineemulsion, sowie ihre Herstellung und Verwendung | |
| DE69030536T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Silberbromjodidemulsion mit tafelförmigem Korn und dadurch hergestellte Emulsionen | |
| DE2138873A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von direkt positiven photographischen Silberhalo gemdemulsionen | |
| DE3410790A1 (de) | Photographische silberhalogenidemulsion und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung | |
| DE3328755A1 (de) | Lichtempfindliches photographisches aufzeichnungsmaterial | |
| DE69222385T2 (de) | Kombinationen von dotierungen mit iridium und uebergangsmetallnitrosylkomplexen in silberhalogenid | |
| DE69020403T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung photographischer, tafelförmige Körner enthaltender Emulsionen. | |
| DE69126866T2 (de) | Selen- und iridium-dotierte emulsionen | |
| DE2260117A1 (de) | Photographisches material zur herstellung direktpositiver bilder | |
| DE3042654A1 (de) | Fotografische emulsion | |
| DE69013166T2 (de) | Bildung von tafelförmigen körnern in silberhalogenidemulsionen mittels digerieren bei hohem ph. | |
| DE68919040T2 (de) | Silberhalogenidemulsionen. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUE | Assignment |
Owner name: ILFORD LIMITED |
|
| PL | Patent ceased |