BG62490B1 - Соли на клавулановата киселина - Google Patents
Соли на клавулановата киселина Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BG62490B1 BG62490B1 BG101884A BG10188497A BG62490B1 BG 62490 B1 BG62490 B1 BG 62490B1 BG 101884 A BG101884 A BG 101884A BG 10188497 A BG10188497 A BG 10188497A BG 62490 B1 BG62490 B1 BG 62490B1
- Authority
- BG
- Bulgaria
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- clavulanic acid
- benzhydrylamine
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- clavulanic
- Prior art date
Links
- HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N clavulanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1C(=C/CO)/O[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21 HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- HZZVJAQRINQKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clavulanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1C(=CCO)OC2CC(=O)N21 HZZVJAQRINQKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229960003324 clavulanic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- MGHPNCMVUAKAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 MGHPNCMVUAKAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002132 β-lactam antibiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940124586 β-lactam antibiotics Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical group N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 amine forms salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 8
- ABVRVIZBZKUTMK-JSYANWSFSA-M potassium clavulanate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H]1C(=C/CO)/O[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21 ABVRVIZBZKUTMK-JSYANWSFSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940090805 clavulanate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical group CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010039138 aminosol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000006635 beta-lactamase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000003460 beta-lactamyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/26—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/27—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring having amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring by saturated carbon chains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D503/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D503/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D503/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9503839.4A GB9503839D0 (en) | 1995-02-25 | 1995-02-25 | Claulanic acid salt |
| GBGB9520915.1A GB9520915D0 (en) | 1995-02-25 | 1995-10-12 | Clavulanic acid salt |
| PCT/GB1996/000382 WO1996026944A1 (en) | 1995-02-25 | 1996-02-21 | Clavulanic acid salts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BG101884A BG101884A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
| BG62490B1 true BG62490B1 (bg) | 1999-12-30 |
Family
ID=26306586
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BG101884A BG62490B1 (bg) | 1995-02-25 | 1997-09-11 | Соли на клавулановата киселина |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5726170A (sk) |
| EP (1) | EP0729961B1 (sk) |
| JP (1) | JPH11501023A (sk) |
| CN (1) | CN1175952A (sk) |
| AP (2) | AP9701116A0 (sk) |
| AT (1) | ATE211143T1 (sk) |
| AU (1) | AU691727B2 (sk) |
| BG (1) | BG62490B1 (sk) |
| BR (1) | BR9607258A (sk) |
| CA (1) | CA2213563A1 (sk) |
| CZ (1) | CZ266697A3 (sk) |
| DE (1) | DE69618045D1 (sk) |
| EE (1) | EE9700186A (sk) |
| FI (1) | FI973287A (sk) |
| HK (1) | HK1006571A1 (sk) |
| IL (1) | IL117217A0 (sk) |
| IS (1) | IS4541A (sk) |
| MD (1) | MD1744F2 (sk) |
| NO (1) | NO973744L (sk) |
| NZ (1) | NZ301765A (sk) |
| OA (1) | OA10444A (sk) |
| PL (1) | PL321871A1 (sk) |
| SE (1) | SE9703056D0 (sk) |
| SK (1) | SK111197A3 (sk) |
| TR (1) | TR199700828T1 (sk) |
| WO (1) | WO1996026944A1 (sk) |
| ZA (1) | ZA961457B (sk) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT400033B (de) * | 1992-03-10 | 1995-09-25 | Biochemie Gmbh | Neues verfahren zur isolierung und reinigung von clavulansäure und zur herstellung von pharmakologisch verträglichen salzen derselben |
| SI9400107A (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1995-10-31 | Lek Tovarna Farmacevtskih | New process of the isolation of clavulanic acid and its pharmaceutical salts from fermented broth of streptomyces sp.p 6621 ferm p 2804. |
| SI9500134B (sl) | 1995-04-20 | 2004-04-30 | Lek, | Postopek za pripravo čistih alkalijskih soli klavulanske kisline |
| AT403375B (de) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-01-26 | Biochemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur fällung von alkalisalzen der clavulansäure |
| ZA975198B (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1997-12-15 | Smithkline Beecham Corp | Improved process for preparing potassium clavulanate. |
| DZ2456A1 (fr) * | 1997-04-04 | 2003-01-18 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Procédé de préparation de sels de l'acide clavulanique. |
| US8034120B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2011-10-11 | Ossur Hf | Suspension liner system with seal |
| CN103304583B (zh) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-01-20 | 山东新时代药业有限公司 | 一种从克拉维酸胺盐结晶母液中回收克拉维酸的方法 |
| CN105384758B (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2018-05-01 | 国药集团威奇达药业有限公司 | 克拉维酸胺盐的制备方法 |
| CN113979856B (zh) * | 2021-11-09 | 2024-04-19 | 国药集团威奇达药业有限公司 | 从克拉维酸钾釜残液中回收叔丁胺和异辛酸盐的方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB157873A (en) * | 1920-01-16 | 1921-08-17 | Schneider & Cie | Improvements in gas turbines |
| GB704438A (en) * | 1951-04-06 | 1954-02-24 | Chimiotherapie Lab Franc | Penicillin preparations for injection |
| GB1508977A (en) * | 1974-04-20 | 1978-04-26 | Beecham Group Ltd | Beta-lactam antibiotic from streptomyces clavuligerus |
| GB1543563A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1979-04-04 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Beta-lactam antibiotic in purified form |
| GB1578739A (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1980-11-05 | Beecham Group Ltd | Amine salts of clavulanic acid methods for their preparation and compositions containing them |
| BE862211A (fr) * | 1977-12-22 | 1978-06-22 | Beecham Group Ltd | Agents antibacteriens |
| EP0026044B1 (en) * | 1979-08-24 | 1983-06-08 | Beecham Group Plc | Amine salt of clavulanic acid, its preparation and use |
| AU600655B2 (en) * | 1984-10-27 | 1990-08-23 | Beecham Group Plc | Preparation of clavulanic acid and its salts and esters |
| ES2010143A6 (es) * | 1989-03-01 | 1989-10-16 | Pharma Mar S A Pharmar | Un nuevo procedimiento de obtencion del acido z(2r,5r)-3-(2-hiadroxietiliden)-7- oxo-4-oxa-1-azabiciclo(3,2,0) -heptano-2-carboxilico y de sales estares farmaceutiacamente aceptables del mismo,a partir de caldos de fermentacion de streptomyces, sp. |
| AT400033B (de) * | 1992-03-10 | 1995-09-25 | Biochemie Gmbh | Neues verfahren zur isolierung und reinigung von clavulansäure und zur herstellung von pharmakologisch verträglichen salzen derselben |
| SI9300296B (sl) * | 1992-06-11 | 1998-06-30 | Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. | Postopek in intermedianti za pripravo klavulanske kisline |
| PL306371A1 (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1995-03-20 | Gist Brocades Nv | Diamine salts of clavulanic acid |
-
1996
- 1996-02-21 EP EP96301136A patent/EP0729961B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-21 SK SK1111-97A patent/SK111197A3/sk unknown
- 1996-02-21 IL IL11721796A patent/IL117217A0/xx unknown
- 1996-02-21 AU AU47261/96A patent/AU691727B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-02-21 JP JP8526082A patent/JPH11501023A/ja active Pending
- 1996-02-21 DE DE69618045T patent/DE69618045D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-21 BR BR9607258A patent/BR9607258A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-02-21 MD MD97-0269A patent/MD1744F2/ro unknown
- 1996-02-21 TR TR97/00828T patent/TR199700828T1/xx unknown
- 1996-02-21 CA CA002213563A patent/CA2213563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-21 NZ NZ301765A patent/NZ301765A/en unknown
- 1996-02-21 AP APAP/P/1997/001116A patent/AP9701116A0/en unknown
- 1996-02-21 AT AT96301136T patent/ATE211143T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-21 CN CN96192116A patent/CN1175952A/zh active Pending
- 1996-02-21 CZ CZ972666A patent/CZ266697A3/cs unknown
- 1996-02-21 PL PL96321871A patent/PL321871A1/xx unknown
- 1996-02-21 AP APAP/P/1997/001067A patent/AP749A/en active
- 1996-02-21 EE EE9700186A patent/EE9700186A/xx unknown
- 1996-02-21 WO PCT/GB1996/000382 patent/WO1996026944A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-02-22 ZA ZA961457A patent/ZA961457B/xx unknown
- 1996-02-22 US US08/605,367 patent/US5726170A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-08-08 IS IS4541A patent/IS4541A/is unknown
- 1997-08-08 FI FI973287A patent/FI973287A/fi unknown
- 1997-08-14 NO NO973744A patent/NO973744L/no unknown
- 1997-08-25 OA OA70067A patent/OA10444A/en unknown
- 1997-08-25 SE SE9703056A patent/SE9703056D0/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-11 BG BG101884A patent/BG62490B1/bg unknown
-
1998
- 1998-06-18 HK HK98105631A patent/HK1006571A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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