AU2013268908B2 - High-strength seamless stainless steel tube for oil country tubular goods and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

High-strength seamless stainless steel tube for oil country tubular goods and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
AU2013268908B2
AU2013268908B2 AU2013268908A AU2013268908A AU2013268908B2 AU 2013268908 B2 AU2013268908 B2 AU 2013268908B2 AU 2013268908 A AU2013268908 A AU 2013268908A AU 2013268908 A AU2013268908 A AU 2013268908A AU 2013268908 B2 AU2013268908 B2 AU 2013268908B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
less
steel tube
stainless steel
mass
tubular goods
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU2013268908A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
AU2013268908A1 (en
Inventor
Yasuhide Ishiguro
Kazutoshi Ishikawa
Yukio Miyata
Tetsu NAKAHASHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Original Assignee
JFE Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Publication of AU2013268908A1 publication Critical patent/AU2013268908A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2013268908B2 publication Critical patent/AU2013268908B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085Cooling or quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001Austenite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005Ferrite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
AU2013268908A 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 High-strength seamless stainless steel tube for oil country tubular goods and method for manufacturing the same Ceased AU2013268908B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012125126A JP5488643B2 (ja) 2012-05-31 2012-05-31 油井管用高強度ステンレス鋼継目無管およびその製造方法
JP2012-125126 2012-05-31
PCT/JP2013/003411 WO2013179667A1 (ja) 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 油井管用高強度ステンレス鋼継目無管およびその製造方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2013268908A1 AU2013268908A1 (en) 2014-11-20
AU2013268908B2 true AU2013268908B2 (en) 2016-01-28

Family

ID=49672883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2013268908A Ceased AU2013268908B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 High-strength seamless stainless steel tube for oil country tubular goods and method for manufacturing the same

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20150101711A1 (cs)
EP (1) EP2857530B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP5488643B2 (cs)
CN (1) CN104379774B (cs)
AU (1) AU2013268908B2 (cs)
BR (1) BR112014029392B1 (cs)
CA (1) CA2872342C (cs)
ES (1) ES2708275T3 (cs)
IN (1) IN2014KN02395A (cs)
RU (1) RU2584100C1 (cs)
WO (1) WO2013179667A1 (cs)

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5967066B2 (ja) 2012-12-21 2016-08-10 Jfeスチール株式会社 耐食性に優れた油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管およびその製造方法
KR101554787B1 (ko) 2013-12-24 2015-09-21 주식회사 포스코 내식성 및 열가공성이 우수한 슈퍼 듀플렉스 스테인리스강
CN103966525B (zh) * 2014-05-21 2016-05-11 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 一种高铬高钼铁素体不锈钢无缝管材及其制造方法
CN105463562A (zh) * 2014-09-05 2016-04-06 上海金保莱不锈钢有限公司 一种耐负离子腐蚀的无缝不锈钢管的制造方法
WO2016079922A1 (ja) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法
WO2016079920A1 (ja) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-26 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管
US10544476B2 (en) 2014-11-27 2020-01-28 Jfe Steel Corporation Apparatus line for manufacturing seamless steel pipe and tube and method of manufacturing duplex seamless stainless steel pipe
JP6229794B2 (ja) * 2015-01-15 2017-11-15 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用継目無ステンレス鋼管およびその製造方法
JP6202010B2 (ja) * 2015-01-16 2017-09-27 Jfeスチール株式会社 高強度2相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法
JP6206423B2 (ja) * 2015-01-22 2017-10-04 Jfeスチール株式会社 低温靭性に優れた高強度ステンレス厚鋼板およびその製造方法
JP6292142B2 (ja) * 2015-02-06 2018-03-14 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法
RU2682728C2 (ru) * 2015-02-20 2019-03-21 ДжФЕ СТИЛ КОРПОРЕЙШН Высокопрочная, толстостенная, бесшовная труба из нержавеющей стали и способ изготовления такой трубы
JP6341125B2 (ja) * 2015-03-17 2018-06-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 2相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法
JP6341181B2 (ja) * 2015-03-25 2018-06-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 二相ステンレス継目無鋼管の製造方法
US10876183B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2020-12-29 Jfe Steel Corporation High-strength seamless stainless steel pipe and method of manufacturing high-strength seamless stainless steel pipe
MX2017012752A (es) * 2015-08-04 2018-06-06 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp Acero inoxidable y producto de acero inoxidable para pozo de petroleo.
JP6686320B2 (ja) * 2015-08-05 2020-04-22 日本製鉄株式会社 ステンレス鋼管の製造方法
JP6409827B2 (ja) * 2015-08-18 2018-10-24 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用継目無ステンレス鋼管の製造方法
JP6515340B2 (ja) * 2015-08-18 2019-05-22 日本製鉄株式会社 油井管
JP6604093B2 (ja) * 2015-09-01 2019-11-13 日本製鉄株式会社 油井管
JP6156609B1 (ja) * 2016-02-08 2017-07-05 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管およびその製造方法
EP3385403B1 (en) 2016-02-08 2020-01-01 JFE Steel Corporation High-strength seamless stainless steel pipe for oil country tubular goods and method of manufacturing high-strength seamless stainless steel pipe
CN109563581A (zh) 2016-07-27 2019-04-02 杰富意钢铁株式会社 油井用高强度不锈钢无缝钢管及其制造方法
CN106399865A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-02-15 无锡明盛纺织机械有限公司 一种循环流化床锅炉用耐高温抗磨蚀材料
WO2018155041A1 (ja) * 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 Jfeスチール株式会社 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管およびその製造方法
WO2018181404A1 (ja) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 新日鐵住金株式会社 マルテンサイトステンレス鋼材
CN107433428A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2017-12-05 苏州双金实业有限公司 一种易操作不锈钢钢管的加工方法
US12043885B2 (en) 2018-07-09 2024-07-23 Nippon Steel Corporation Seamless steel pipe and method for producing the same
EP4123037A4 (en) * 2020-07-06 2024-10-02 JFE Steel Corporation SEAMLESS STAINLESS STEEL PIPE AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD
CN116145051B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2024-11-12 钢铁研究总院有限公司 一种高耐蚀经济型油井管钢及其制备方法
CN116121664B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2025-04-08 钢铁研究总院有限公司 一种高耐蚀高韧性经济型钢及其制备方法
JPWO2024209843A1 (cs) 2023-04-06 2024-10-10
CN116732297B (zh) * 2023-08-16 2023-10-20 中北大学 一种含铌高强双相钢及其制备方法和应用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011136175A1 (ja) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 住友金属工業株式会社 高強度油井用ステンレス鋼及び高強度油井用ステンレス鋼管
US20120031530A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2012-02-09 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Stainless steel for oil well, stainless steel pipe for oil well, and method of manufacturing stainless steel for oil well

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52152814A (en) * 1976-06-14 1977-12-19 Nippon Steel Corp Thermo-mechanical treatment of seamless steel pipe
JP5109222B2 (ja) 2003-08-19 2012-12-26 Jfeスチール株式会社 耐食性に優れた油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管およびその製造方法
JP4462005B2 (ja) * 2003-10-31 2010-05-12 Jfeスチール株式会社 耐食性に優れたラインパイプ用高強度ステンレス鋼管およびその製造方法
EP1683885B1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2013-05-29 JFE Steel Corporation High strength stainless steel pipe for line pipe excellent in corrosion resistance and method for production thereof
CN100497705C (zh) * 2003-10-31 2009-06-10 杰富意钢铁株式会社 耐腐蚀性优良的管线管用高强度不锈钢管及其制造方法
JP4792778B2 (ja) * 2005-03-29 2011-10-12 住友金属工業株式会社 ラインパイプ用厚肉継目無鋼管の製造方法
CN1840731A (zh) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 住友金属工业株式会社 机械结构部件用无缝钢管的制造方法
JP4635764B2 (ja) * 2005-07-25 2011-02-23 住友金属工業株式会社 継目無鋼管の製造方法
JP4893196B2 (ja) * 2006-09-28 2012-03-07 Jfeスチール株式会社 高靭性でかつ耐食性に優れた油井用高強度ステンレス鋼管
CN101981215A (zh) 2008-03-28 2011-02-23 住友金属工业株式会社 油井管用不锈钢
AR073884A1 (es) * 2008-10-30 2010-12-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Tubo de acero inoxidable de alta resistencia excelente en resistencia a la fisuracion bajo tension por sulfuros y a la corrosion de gas de acido carbonico en alta temperatura.
MX2011007449A (es) * 2009-01-26 2011-10-24 Neurosearch As Derivados de indolil-oxadiazolil-diazabiciclononano y su uso medico y diagnostico.
JP4748283B2 (ja) * 2009-08-21 2011-08-17 住友金属工業株式会社 厚肉継目無鋼管の製造方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120031530A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2012-02-09 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Stainless steel for oil well, stainless steel pipe for oil well, and method of manufacturing stainless steel for oil well
WO2011136175A1 (ja) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 住友金属工業株式会社 高強度油井用ステンレス鋼及び高強度油井用ステンレス鋼管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104379774A (zh) 2015-02-25
JP5488643B2 (ja) 2014-05-14
EP2857530B1 (en) 2018-12-12
CN104379774B (zh) 2017-04-26
JP2013249516A (ja) 2013-12-12
AU2013268908A1 (en) 2014-11-20
BR112014029392B1 (pt) 2019-09-24
CA2872342C (en) 2018-07-17
US20150101711A1 (en) 2015-04-16
ES2708275T3 (es) 2019-04-09
EP2857530A1 (en) 2015-04-08
IN2014KN02395A (cs) 2015-05-01
EP2857530A4 (en) 2015-11-04
RU2584100C1 (ru) 2016-05-20
CA2872342A1 (en) 2013-12-05
BR112014029392A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
WO2013179667A1 (ja) 2013-12-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2013268908B2 (en) High-strength seamless stainless steel tube for oil country tubular goods and method for manufacturing the same
EP2947167B1 (en) Stainless steel seamless tube for use in oil well and manufacturing process therefor
CA3026554C (en) High-strength seamless stainless steel pipe for oil country tubular goods, and method for producing the same
JP5967066B2 (ja) 耐食性に優れた油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管およびその製造方法
CA2795326C (en) High-strength stainless steel for oil well and high-strength stainless steel pipe for oil well
JP4363327B2 (ja) 油井用ステンレス鋼管およびその製造方法
ES2927150T3 (es) Tubería de acero de pared gruesa sin costura de alta resistencia y procedimiento para producir la misma
WO2005017222A1 (ja) 耐食性に優れた油井用高強度ステンレス鋼管およびその製造方法
MX2014009444A (es) Acero inoxidable para pozos de petroleo y tuberias de acero inoxidable para pozos de petroleo.
AU2009310835A1 (en) High strength stainless steel piping having outstanding resistance to sulphide stress cracking and resistance to high temperature carbon dioxide corrosion
JP5804232B1 (ja) マルテンサイト系Cr含有鋼及び油井用鋼管
EP2865777A1 (en) High-strength stainless steel seamless pipe having excellent corrosion resistance for oil well, and method for manufacturing same
JP6237873B2 (ja) 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管
CN105579597A (zh) 高强度不锈钢管的制造方法及高强度不锈钢管
SG193359A1 (en) Duplex stainless steel sheet
JP2006016637A (ja) 耐炭酸ガス腐食性に優れる油井用高強度ステンレス鋼管
WO2023145346A1 (ja) 油井用高強度ステンレス継目無鋼管
EP2843068B1 (en) A METHOD OF MAKING A Cr-CONTAINING STEEL PIPE FOR LINEPIPE EXCELLENT IN INTERGRANULAR STRESS CORROSION CRACKING RESISTANCE OF WELDED HEAT AFFECTED ZONE
JP2017075343A (ja) マルテンサイト鋼材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FGA Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)
MK14 Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired