WO2024252763A1 - 溶鋼の製造方法 - Google Patents
溶鋼の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024252763A1 WO2024252763A1 PCT/JP2024/012506 JP2024012506W WO2024252763A1 WO 2024252763 A1 WO2024252763 A1 WO 2024252763A1 JP 2024012506 W JP2024012506 W JP 2024012506W WO 2024252763 A1 WO2024252763 A1 WO 2024252763A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2300/00—Process aspects
- C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing molten steel using a vacuum degassing device to produce deoxidized molten steel.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for controlling the Al concentration in molten steel by adding a deoxidizer to the slag above the molten steel in the ladle after the steel is tapped from a converter, thereby suppressing the oxidation of Al by the slag.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for determining the degree of oxidation of the slag by measuring the T.Fe and MnO concentrations in the slag using an oxygen probe or the like before vacuum refining, and determining the amount of Al to be added according to the measured value of the degree of oxidation of the slag.
- Patent Document 2 the T.Fe and MnO concentrations in the slag are measured using an oxygen probe, but in order to quickly measure the oxidation degree of the slag in the steelmaking process, an oxygen probe for the slag is required.
- the unit price of the oxygen probe for the slag is high, so the processing cost increases significantly.
- the present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a method for producing molten steel that can control the Al concentration of molten steel to a target concentration of 0.01 mass% or more without significantly increasing processing costs when performing deoxidation refining using a vacuum degassing device.
- a method for producing molten steel in which Al is added to molten steel two or more times in a vacuum degassing apparatus to produce molten steel having an Al concentration of 0.01 mass% or more comprising predicting an Al yield from a temperature change in slag before and after a first Al addition, and determining an amount of Al to be added from the second time onwards using the predicted Al yield.
- determining the evaporation rate of Al from the change in heat quantity of the molten steel before and after the first addition of Al The method for producing molten steel according to [1], wherein an Al yield is predicted from a temperature change and an evaporation rate of the slag.
- the present invention it is possible to produce molten steel in which the Al concentration is controlled to a target concentration of 0.01 mass% or more without significantly increasing processing costs.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an RH vacuum degassing apparatus 10.
- 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the sol. Al concentration and the number of charges after the RH vacuum degassing treatment.
- Vacuum degassing equipment capable of implementing the molten steel manufacturing method according to the present invention includes an RH vacuum degassing device, a DH vacuum degassing device, and a REDA vacuum degassing device. An embodiment of the molten steel manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described using the most representative RH vacuum degassing device among these.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an RH vacuum degassing apparatus 10.
- reference numeral 12 denotes a ladle
- reference numeral 14 denotes molten steel
- reference numeral 16 denotes slag
- Reference numeral 18 denotes a vacuum vessel, which is composed of an upper vessel 20 and a lower vessel 22.
- Reference numeral 24 denotes an ascending immersion tube (ascending tube)
- reference numeral 26 denotes a descending immersion tube (descending tube).
- Reference numeral 28 denotes a carbonization gas inlet tube
- reference numeral 30 denotes a duct
- reference numeral 32 denotes a raw material inlet
- reference numeral 34 denotes a top blowing lance.
- the top blowing lance 34 is a device that adds oxygen gas and a flux by blowing them into the molten steel in the vacuum vessel, and is installed at the top of the vacuum vessel 18 and can move up and down inside the vacuum vessel 18.
- Reference numeral 36 denotes a thermal camera, which is used to measure the slag temperature.
- the ladle 12 containing the molten steel 14 that has been subjected to dephosphorization and decarburization processes is raised by a lifting device (not shown), and the ascending side immersion tube 24 and the descending side immersion tube 26 are immersed in the molten steel 14 in the ladle 12.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber 18 is then evacuated by an exhaust device (not shown) connected to a duct 30 to reduce the pressure inside the vacuum chamber 18, and reflux gas is blown into the ascending side immersion tube 24 from the carbonization gas blowing tube 28.
- the molten steel 14 in the ladle 12 rises in proportion to the difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure (vacuum degree) inside the vacuum chamber, and flows into the vacuum chamber 18.
- the molten steel 14 rises up the ascending side immersion tube 24 together with the reflux gas and flows into the vacuum chamber 18.
- the molten steel 14 is exposed to a reduced pressure atmosphere in the vacuum tank 18, and the gas components in the molten steel 14 move to the atmosphere in the vacuum tank 18, causing the degassing reaction of the molten steel 14 to proceed.
- an alloy that reacts with oxygen to produce oxides as a deoxidizer is added to the molten steel 14 in the vacuum tank 18 through the raw material inlet 32.
- Metallic Al or an alloy containing Al is generally used as a deoxidizer because of its strong deoxidizing power.
- metallic Al and an alloy containing Al are used as deoxidizers, and these metallic Al and alloys containing Al are collectively referred to as Al.
- the slag 16 is heated by the heat of reaction of the Al.
- the inventors assumed that the slag temperature rises according to the amount of reaction of Al, and used a thermal camera to measure the slag temperature before and after the addition of Al during the vacuum degassing process. As a result, it was confirmed that there is a good correlation between the temperature change of the slag 16 and the amount of reaction of Al.
- the inventors found that, assuming that Al is added to the molten steel 14 two or more times, the Al yield taking into account the amount of Al consumed by the slag 16 is predicted from the temperature change of the slag 16 before and after the first addition of Al, and the amount of Al to be added to the molten steel 14 from the second addition onward is determined using the Al yield, thereby enabling the Al concentration of the molten steel 14 after the deoxidation process to be controlled with high precision.
- the method for producing molten steel when deoxidizing molten steel in the RH vacuum degassing apparatus 10, Al, a deoxidizing agent, is added two or more times to produce molten steel with an Al concentration of 0.01 mass% or more.
- the approximate Al yield is estimated based on the oxygen concentration of the molten steel 14 from past operating results, and the amount of Al added the first time is determined and added to the molten steel 14 so that the oxygen concentration of the molten steel 14 after the Al addition is less than 0.0002 mass%.
- a thermal camera 36 is installed in a position where the slag 16 in the ladle 12 can be measured from above, and the slag temperature is continuously measured using the thermal camera 36.
- the thermal camera 36 is an example of a radiation thermometer.
- the Al reacts with oxides such as FeO in the slag 16, causing the slag temperature to rise.
- the yield of the first added Al can be predicted using the following formula (1).
- the slag temperature is the average temperature of a specified area measured by the thermal camera 36.
- the slag temperature after the addition of Al is the slag temperature after the increase in the slag temperature due to the addition of Al has stopped.
- ⁇ is the Al yield (-).
- ⁇ T is the temperature change (°C) of the slag 16.
- d is the thickness (mm) of the slag 16.
- ⁇ is a correction coefficient (-).
- ⁇ is the evaporation rate (-) of the Al added the first time.
- a 0 is the oxygen concentration (mass%) of the molten steel before the first Al addition.
- f 0 is the activity coefficient (-) of oxygen in the molten steel 14.
- W steel is the weight (kg) of the molten steel 14.
- W Al_1st is the amount of Al added the first time (kg).
- the unit (-) means dimensionless.
- the correction coefficient is determined so that the Al yield calculated from the actual amount of Al added in actual operation and the Al analysis value (average value of the past 3 months to 1 year) coincides with the Al yield calculated from formula (1).
- the activity coefficient of oxygen in the molten steel 14 is calculated using the following formula (7).
- f 0 is the activity coefficient (-) of oxygen in the molten steel 14.
- e i 0 is the interaction auxiliary coefficient (-) that component i in the molten steel 14 exerts on oxygen.
- (% i) is the concentration (mass %) of component i in the molten steel 14.
- the slag thickness in the above formula (1) can be obtained by measuring the height of the molten steel surface using a molten steel level gauge, or by immersing a metal rod in the molten steel 14 in the ladle 12 and measuring the length of the portion dissolved by the slag 16.
- the oxygen concentration of the molten steel 14 measured before deoxidation and after dephosphorization and decarburization may be used.
- the amount of Al added from the second time onwards is determined using the Al yield obtained from the above formula (1) and the following formula (2).
- the amount of Al-containing alloy added can be determined based on the amount of metallic Al added, which is obtained by multiplying the amount of Al-containing alloy added by the pure Al content of the alloy.
- W Al_2nd is the amount of Al added (kg) from the second onwards.
- Target is the target Al concentration (mass%) of the molten steel 14.
- [Al] 0 is the Al concentration (mass%) of the molten steel 14 before the first Al addition.
- W steel is the weight (kg) of the molten steel 14.
- ⁇ is the Al yield (-).
- W Al_1st is the amount of Al added (kg) in the first time.
- the determined amount of Al is added from the second time onwards.
- the determined amount of Al may be added in its entirety in the second time, or it may be added in two or more portions, for example, by further dividing the determined amount into two or three portions and adding it to the molten steel 14.
- ⁇ is the evaporation rate of the Al added the first time.
- the evaporation rate of the Al added the first time may be a predetermined amount based on past operating results, but it is preferable to determine the evaporation rate of Al from the change in heat quantity of the molten steel 14 before and after the first addition of Al. Specifically, it is preferable to determine the change in heat quantity ⁇ Q of the molten steel 14 before and after the first addition of Al using the following formulas (3) to (5), and to determine the evaporation rate of the Al added the first time using this ⁇ Q and the following formula (6).
- ⁇ Q is the change in heat quantity of the molten steel 14 due to the first addition of Al (kcal/t-steel).
- ⁇ Q exo is the change in the reaction heat quantity of the molten steel 14 due to the first addition of Al (kcal/t-steel).
- ⁇ Q sens is the change in the sensible heat quantity of the molten steel 14 due to the first addition of Al (kcal/t-steel).
- a 0 is the oxygen concentration (mass%) of the molten steel before the first addition of Al.
- f 0 is the activity coefficient of oxygen in the molten steel (-).
- W Al_1st is the amount of Al added the first time (kg).
- W steel is the weight of the molten steel 14 (kg).
- ⁇ is the evaporation rate of the first addition of Al (-).
- X and Y are constants. f 0 can be obtained using the above formula (7).
- the constants X and Y may be determined from laboratory experimental results, or may be determined by fitting the actual amount of Al evaporated in actual operation to the calculated values.
- the evaporation rate of Al can be determined with high accuracy.
- the amount of Al to be added from the second time onwards is determined using the evaporation rate and the above formulas (1) and (2).
- the target steel type was an ultra-low carbon steel type with an upper limit of carbon concentration of 25 ppm and a target Al concentration of 0.04 mass%.
- the chemical composition of the molten steel used in the test was C; 0.04-0.06 mass%, Si; 0.15-0.25 mass%, Mn; 1.2-1.4 mass%, P; 0.02 mass% or less, and S; 0.003 mass% or less.
- the temperature of the molten steel before deoxidation was 1580-1630°C, and the oxygen concentration of the molten steel before deoxidation was 200-600 ppm.
- the vacuum level of the RH vacuum degassing device was 2 torr, and the reflux gas flow rate was 2500 NL/min.
- Metallic Al was used as the deoxidizing material.
- the oxygen concentration a0 of the molten steel was measured using an acid measuring probe, and the amount of Al to be added in the first increment was determined in the range of 200 to 600 kg based on the value of a0 and the amount of molten steel, and was added.
- the test was carried out by dividing the charge groups into A, B, and C, each of which had 100 charges, and the amount of Al to be added in the second increment was determined for each charge group as follows:
- charge group A comparative example
- the oxygen concentration of the molten steel was measured with an acid measuring probe, the Al concentration of the molten steel was estimated from the Al-O equilibrium, and the amount of Al to be added the second time was determined.
- charge group B invention example 1
- the amount of Al to be added the second time was determined using the above formulas (1) and (2).
- charge group C invention example 2
- the amount of Al to be added the second time was determined using the above formulas (1) and (2).
- the value calculated using the above formulas (3) to (6) was used as the evaporation rate of the Al added the first time.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the Sol. Al concentration after completion of RH vacuum degassing treatment and the number of charges.
- the horizontal axis is the Sol. Al concentration (mass%) and the vertical axis is the number of charges (ch).
- charge groups B and C which are examples of the invention, had smaller variations in Sol. Al concentration from the target concentration of 0.04 mass% than charge group A, which is a comparative example.
- the standard deviation of the Sol. Al concentration of molten steel after completion of RH vacuum degassing treatment for each charge group is shown in Table 1 below.
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Abstract
Description
[1]真空脱ガス装置内で溶鋼にAlを2回以上添加して、Al濃度が0.01質量%以上の溶鋼を製造する溶鋼の製造方法であって、1回目のAl添加前後におけるスラグの温度変化からAl歩留りを予測し、予測された前記Al歩留りを用いて2回目以降のAl添加量を決定する、溶鋼の製造方法。
[2]前記1回目のAl添加前後における前記溶鋼の熱量変化からAlの蒸発割合を求め、
前記スラグの温度変化と前記蒸発割合とからAl歩留りを予測する、[1]に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
[3]下記(1)式を用いて前記Al歩留りを予測し、下記(2)式を用いて2回目以降のAl添加量を決定する、[2]に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
上記(1)、(2)式において、ηは前記Al歩留り(-)であり、ΔTは前記スラグの温度変化(℃)であり、dは前記スラグの厚み(mm)であり、αは補正係数(-)であり、βは前記蒸発割合(-)であり、a0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)であり、f0は前記溶鋼の酸素の活量係数(-)であり、Wsteelは前記溶鋼の重量(kg)であり、WAl_1stは前記1回目のAl添加量(kg)であり、WAl_2ndは前記2回目以降のAl添加量(kg)であり、[Al]Targetは前記溶鋼の目標Al濃度(質量%)であり、[Al]0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼のAl濃度(質量%)である。
[4]下記(3)~(6)式を用いて前記蒸発割合を求める、[2]又は[3]に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
上記(3)~(6)式において、ΔQは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の熱量変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、ΔQexoは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の反応熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、ΔQsensは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の顕熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、a0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)であり、f0は前記溶鋼の酸素の活量係数(-)であり、βは前記蒸発割合(-)であり、X、Yは定数である。
上記(1)式において、ηはAl歩留り(-)である。ΔTはスラグ16の温度変化(℃)である。dはスラグ16の厚み(mm)である。αは補正係数(-)である。βは1回目に添加したAlの蒸発割合(-)である。a0は1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)である。f0は溶鋼14中の酸素の活量係数(-)である。Wsteelは溶鋼14の重量(kg)である。WAl_1stは1回目のAl添加量(kg)である。単位(-)は無次元を意味する。補正係数は、実操業の実績Al添加量およびAl分析値(過去3ヶ月~1年程度の平均値)から求められるAl歩留りと(1)式から求められるAl歩留りとが一致するように決定される。溶鋼14の酸素の活量係数は下記(7)式を用いて求められる。
上記(7)式において、f0は溶鋼14の酸素の活量係数(-)である。ei 0は溶鋼14中の成分iが酸素に及ぼす相互作用助係数(-)である。(%i)は溶鋼14中の成分iの濃度(質量%)である。相互作用助係数ei 0は非特許文献1に記載の値を用いる。
上記(2)式において、WAl_2ndは2回目以降のAl添加量(kg)である。[Al]Targetは目標とする溶鋼14のAl濃度(質量%)である。[Al]0は1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼14のAl濃度(質量%)である。Wsteelは溶鋼14の重量(kg)である。ηはAl歩留り(-)である。WAl_1stは1回目のAl添加量(kg)である。
上記(3)~(6)式において、ΔQは1回目に添加したAlによる溶鋼14の熱量変化(kcal/t-steel)である。ΔQexoは1回目に添加したAlによる溶鋼14の反応熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)である。ΔQsensは1回目に添加したAlによる溶鋼14の顕熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)である。a0は1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)である。f0は溶鋼の酸素の活量係数(-)である。WAl_1stは1回目のAl添加量(kg)である。Wsteelは溶鋼14の重量(kg)である。βは1回目に添加したAlの蒸発割合(-)である。X、Yは定数である。f0は上記(7)式を用いて求められる。定数X、Yはラボ実験結果から求めてもよく、実操業における実績Al蒸発量と計算値が一致するようにフィッティングすることで求めてもよい。
12 取鍋
14 溶鋼
16 スラグ
18 真空槽
20 上部槽
22 下部槽
24 上昇側浸漬管
26 下降側浸漬管
28 乾留用ガス吹込み管
30 ダクト
32 原料投入口
34 上吹きランス
36 サーマルカメラ
Claims (4)
- 真空脱ガス装置内で溶鋼にAlを2回以上添加して、Al濃度が0.01質量%以上の溶鋼を製造する溶鋼の製造方法であって、
1回目のAl添加前後におけるスラグの温度変化からAl歩留りを予測し、予測された前記Al歩留りを用いて2回目以降のAl添加量を決定する、溶鋼の製造方法。 - 前記1回目のAl添加前後における前記溶鋼の熱量変化からAlの蒸発割合を求め、
前記スラグの温度変化と前記蒸発割合とからAl歩留りを予測する、請求項1に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。 - 下記(1)式を用いて前記Al歩留りを予測し、
下記(2)式を用いて2回目以降のAl添加量を決定する、請求項2に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
上記(1)、(2)式において、ηは前記Al歩留り(-)であり、ΔTは前記スラグの温度変化(℃)であり、dは前記スラグの厚み(mm)であり、αは補正係数(-)であり、βは前記蒸発割合(-)であり、a0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)であり、f0は前記溶鋼の酸素の活量係数(-)であり、Wsteelは前記溶鋼の重量(kg)であり、WAl_1stは前記1回目のAl添加量(kg)であり、WAl_2ndは前記2回目以降のAl添加量(kg)であり、[Al]Targetは前記溶鋼の目標Al濃度(質量%)であり、[Al]0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼のAl濃度(質量%)である。 - 下記(3)~(6)式を用いて前記蒸発割合を求める、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
上記(3)~(6)式において、ΔQは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の熱量変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、ΔQexoは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の反応熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、ΔQsensは前記1回目に添加したAlによる前記溶鋼の顕熱量の変化(kcal/t-steel)であり、a0は前記1回目のAl添加前の溶鋼の酸素濃度(質量%)であり、f0は前記溶鋼の酸素の活量係数(-)であり、WAl_1stは前記1回目のAl添加量(kg)であり、Wsteelは前記溶鋼の重量(kg)であり、βは前記蒸発割合(-)であり、X、Yは定数である。
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| JP2023183117A (ja) | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-27 | 株式会社サンセイアールアンドディ | 遊技機 |
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| JPS63183117A (ja) | 1987-01-23 | 1988-07-28 | Nkk Corp | 溶鋼中の固溶Al量の制御方法 |
| EP3670677A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-24 | S.A. Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement | Process for manufacturing a slag conditioning agent for steel desulfurization |
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| JPH04362114A (ja) * | 1991-06-10 | 1992-12-15 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | アルミニウム含有ステンレス鋼のアルミニウム調整方法 |
| JP2006283089A (ja) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Jfe Steel Kk | 電磁鋼製造におけるAl添加方法 |
| JP2007177296A (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Jfe Steel Kk | 溶鋼の脱酸方法 |
| JP2015178646A (ja) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-10-08 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低硫鋼の溶製方法 |
| WO2022259807A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-12-15 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 溶鋼の二次精錬方法および鋼の製造方法 |
| WO2023013377A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-02-09 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 溶鋼の脱酸精錬方法、鋼材の製造方法およびその鋼材 |
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| KR20260003295A (ko) | 2026-01-06 |
| TW202449178A (zh) | 2024-12-16 |
| EP4711477A1 (en) | 2026-03-18 |
| JPWO2024252763A1 (ja) | 2024-12-12 |
| JP7639995B1 (ja) | 2025-03-05 |
| TWI902198B (zh) | 2025-10-21 |
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