WO2023037775A1 - 被覆活物質、被覆活物質の製造方法、正極材料、および電池 - Google Patents
被覆活物質、被覆活物質の製造方法、正極材料、および電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023037775A1 WO2023037775A1 PCT/JP2022/028825 JP2022028825W WO2023037775A1 WO 2023037775 A1 WO2023037775 A1 WO 2023037775A1 JP 2022028825 W JP2022028825 W JP 2022028825W WO 2023037775 A1 WO2023037775 A1 WO 2023037775A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- positive electrode
- solid electrolyte
- electrode active
- battery
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 166
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 transition metal sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003528 Li(Ni,Co,Al)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004066 NOB-MINI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005443 coulometric titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IHPDTPWNFBQHEB-ZIAGYGMSSA-N (R,R)-hydrobenzoin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 IHPDTPWNFBQHEB-ZIAGYGMSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018111 Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018127 Li 2 S-GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003548 Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003405 Li10GeP2S12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000578 Li2CoPO4F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009731 Li2FeSiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010142 Li2MnSiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013375 LiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011279 LiCoPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013392 LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013406 LiN(SO2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010346 TiF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010342 TiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007992 ZrF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940070721 polyacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to coated active materials, methods for producing coated active materials, positive electrode materials, and batteries.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a positive electrode material containing a positive electrode active material and a halide solid electrolyte.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as a halide solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte containing lithium, yttrium, and at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a positive electrode material including a positive electrode active material whose surface is coated with a coating material and a solid electrolyte.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a halide solid electrolyte containing lithium, yttrium, and chlorine and/or bromine as coating materials.
- the present disclosure provides a coated active material that can reduce the output resistance of a battery.
- the coated active material in one aspect of the present disclosure is a positive electrode active material; a coating layer that covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material; with The coating layer comprises a lithium-containing fluoride,
- the water content of the positive electrode active material is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material when measured by the Karl Fischer method at 25°C to 300°C.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for producing a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a positive electrode material in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for producing a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a positive electrode material in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Embodiment 3.
- Patent Document 1 describes a positive electrode material including a positive electrode active material and a halide solid electrolyte containing lithium, yttrium, and at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine. .
- the present inventor found that in a battery using a halide solid electrolyte as a positive electrode material, the halide solid electrolyte undergoes oxidative decomposition during charging.
- the products of oxidative decomposition act as a resistive layer and increase the internal resistance of the battery during charging. It is speculated that the increase in internal resistance of the battery during charging is caused by an oxidation reaction of at least one element selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine contained in the halide solid electrolyte.
- Patent Document 2 describes a battery using a positive electrode active material in which at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with a halide solid electrolyte containing lithium, yttrium, chlorine and/or bromine. As with Patent Document 1, the battery described in Patent Document 2 also has a problem in the oxidation resistance of the halide solid electrolyte containing chlorine and/or bromine.
- batteries using a positive electrode active material coated with a material containing lithium-containing fluoride exhibit excellent oxidation resistance.
- a positive electrode active material can suppress an increase in internal resistance of the battery during charging.
- Fluorine has the highest electronegativity among the halogen elements. Therefore, fluorine strongly binds to cations. Therefore, in the lithium-containing fluoride, the oxidation reaction of fluorine, that is, the side reaction in which electrons are extracted from fluorine, does not readily proceed. As a result, a resistive layer is less likely to be generated due to oxidative decomposition.
- the positive electrode active material may contain, as moisture, physically adsorbed moisture and chemically bonded moisture such as water of crystallization.
- the positive electrode active material is coated with a material containing lithium-containing fluoride, such moisture contained in the positive electrode active material reacts with the lithium-containing fluoride to form a part of the coating layer containing lithium-containing fluoride. parts may deteriorate.
- a resistance layer is generated at the interface between the positive electrode active material and the coating layer. This resistance layer increases the internal resistance of the battery during charging and discharging.
- the coated active material according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is a positive electrode active material; a coating layer that covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material; with The coating layer comprises a lithium-containing fluoride,
- the water content of the positive electrode active material is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material when measured by the Karl Fischer method at 25°C to 300°C.
- the coated active material according to the first aspect can reduce the output resistance of the battery.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may contain Li, Me, Al, and F, and the Me is from Ti and Zr It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the coated active material according to the second aspect can improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may be represented by the following compositional formula (1).
- the coated active material according to the third aspect can improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- ⁇ may satisfy 0.5 ⁇ 1.
- the coated active material according to the fourth aspect can improve the ion conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are 2.5 ⁇ 2.9, 0.1 ⁇ 0.5, and 0.5 ⁇ 0.9 may be satisfied.
- the coated active material according to the fifth aspect can improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the positive electrode active material may contain nickel-cobalt-lithium aluminum oxide.
- the coated active material according to the sixth aspect can increase the energy density of the battery.
- a method for producing a coated active material according to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure includes: When the water content of the positive electrode active material at 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. is measured by the Karl Fischer method, the positive electrode active material is added so that the water content is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material. drying and After the drying, using a coating material containing a lithium-containing fluoride to coat at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material; including.
- the manufacturing method according to the seventh aspect it is possible to manufacture a coated active material capable of reducing the output resistance of the battery.
- the positive electrode active material is heated from 25° C. to 300° C. by the Karl Fischer method. It may include measuring the moisture content in °C.
- the manufacturing method according to the eighth aspect it is possible to efficiently manufacture a coated active material capable of reducing the output resistance of a battery.
- the water content is 0 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material. greater than and less than 250 ppm.
- the manufacturing method according to the ninth aspect it is possible to efficiently manufacture a coated active material capable of reducing the output resistance of a battery.
- the coating may be performed by a dry particle compounding method, and Dry particle compounding methods may include applying mechanical energy of impact, compression, and shear to the mixture of the cathode active material and the coating material.
- the coated active material capable of reducing the output resistance of the battery can be produced more efficiently.
- the positive electrode material according to the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure includes A coated active material according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, and a first solid electrolyte, including.
- the positive electrode material according to the eleventh aspect can reduce the output resistance of the battery.
- the first solid electrolyte may contain a halide solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode material according to the twelfth aspect can improve the output characteristics of the battery.
- the first solid electrolyte may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode material according to the thirteenth aspect can further improve the output characteristics of the battery.
- the battery according to the fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode comprising the positive electrode material according to any one of the eleventh to thirteenth aspects; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; Prepare.
- the output resistance can be reduced in the battery according to the fourteenth aspect.
- the electrolyte layer may contain a second solid electrolyte, and the second solid electrolyte is the solid contained in the first solid electrolyte
- a halide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the electrolyte may be included.
- the battery according to the fifteenth aspect can have improved output characteristics.
- the electrolyte layer may contain a second solid electrolyte, and the second solid electrolyte is added to the first solid electrolyte
- a halide solid electrolyte may be included that has a different composition than the included solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte layer may contain a second solid electrolyte, and the second solid electrolyte is a sulfide may contain a solid electrolyte.
- the output characteristics of the battery according to the seventeenth aspect can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. Coating active material 100 in Embodiment 1 includes positive electrode active material 11 and coating layer 12 .
- the coating layer 12 covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the coating layer 12 is in direct contact with the positive electrode active material 11 .
- Coating layer 12 contains a lithium-containing fluoride.
- the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 is measured from 25° C. to 300° C. by the Karl Fischer method, the water content A 300 per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm.
- the positive electrode active material 11 may contain, as moisture, physically adsorbed moisture and chemically bonded moisture such as water of crystallization. According to the Karl Fischer method, the mass of such water contained in the positive electrode active material 11, that is, the amount of water can be measured. In the coated active material 100, the water content A300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25°C to 300°C is controlled within the above range. Therefore, when the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 is coated with the coating layer 12, the moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11 and the lithium-containing fluoride contained in the coating layer 12 react with each other, thereby altering the coating layer 12. is suppressed. That is, formation of a resistance layer at the interface between the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating layer 12 due to deterioration of the coating layer 12 is suppressed. Therefore, the coated active material 100 can reduce the output resistance of the battery.
- the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 from 25°C to 300°C is the cumulative water content measured by the Karl Fischer method when the temperature of the positive electrode active material 11 is increased from 25°C to 300°C. means The same applies to moisture content in other temperature ranges.
- the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C. may be more than 0 ppm and 200 ppm or less per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C. may be more than 0 ppm and less than 150 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 . With such a configuration, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the water content of the positive electrode active material 11 can be obtained as follows using a Karl Fischer device (Karl Fischer moisture meter).
- the introduction part of the positive electrode active material 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as the measurement sample), which is a measurement sample, is preheated to 300°C, and the device is stabilized by baking in the air.
- the temperature of the introduction section After stabilizing the device, set the temperature of the introduction section to 120°C. When the temperature of the inlet reaches 120° C., the background moisture release amount B ( ⁇ g/sec) is measured.
- the inlet temperature is set to 25°C.
- the measurement sample is introduced into the introduction part.
- the measurement sample is heated from 25° C. to 120° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min to evaporate moisture contained in the measurement sample.
- the vaporized water content is quantified by coulometric titration until it reaches a value equal to or lower than the background water release amount B, and the water content is determined.
- the water content determined at this time is defined as "water content A 1 at 25°C to 120°C".
- the measurement sample is heated from 120° C. to 180° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 10° C./min to evaporate moisture contained in the measurement sample.
- the vaporized water content is quantified by coulometric titration until the amount of water released in the background is equal to or less than B, and the water content is obtained.
- the water content determined at this time is defined as "water content A 2 at 120°C to 180°C".
- the measurement sample is heated from 180° C. to 300° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 10° C./min to evaporate moisture contained in the measurement sample.
- the vaporized water content is quantified by coulometric titration until the amount of water released in the background is equal to or less than B, and the water content is obtained.
- the water content determined at this time is defined as "water content A 3 at 180°C to 300°C".
- the "moisture content A 180 at 25°C to 180°C” can be obtained as the integrated moisture content of the moisture content A 1 and the moisture content A 2 .
- the “moisture content A 300 at 25°C to 300°C” can be obtained as the integrated moisture content of the moisture content A 180 and the moisture content A 3 .
- positive electrode active material 11 as a measurement sample means a particle group of positive electrode active material 11 . Therefore, the water content obtained by the Karl Fischer method means the water content of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 11 . Therefore, for example, “the water content A 180 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 180° C.” is synonymous with the water content of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 180° C. The “water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C.” is synonymous with the water content of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C. FIG.
- ppm means mass fraction or wtppm (mass/mass). Therefore, for example, “the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25°C to 300°C is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11" It means that the mass fraction obtained by dividing the water content of (particle group of positive electrode active material 11) at 25° C. to 300° C. by the total mass of the particle group of positive electrode active material 11 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm.
- Coating active material 100 includes positive electrode active material 11 and a coating material.
- the coating material includes lithium-containing fluoride.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may consist of Li, F, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, and Al.
- Examples of such lithium-containing fluorides include Li 2 ZrF 6 , Li 3 ZrF 7 , Li 4 ZrF 8 , Li 3 AlF 6 and Li 2 TiF 6 . According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may contain Li, Me, Al, and F, and Me may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may consist of Li, Me, Al, and F, and Me may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr.
- Consisting of Li, Me, Al, and F means that materials other than Li, Me, Al, and F are not intentionally added except for unavoidable impurities. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium-containing fluoride may be represented by the following compositional formula (1).
- ⁇ may satisfy 0.5 ⁇ 1. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- composition formula (1) ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ satisfy 2.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2.9, 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, and 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.9. good. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- Me may be Ti. In composition formula (1), Me may be Zr. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium - containing fluoride may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Li2.7Ti0.3Al0.7F6 and Li2.8Zr0.2Al0.8F6 . According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the ionic conductivity of the lithium-containing fluoride. As a result, the output resistance of the battery can be further reduced.
- the lithium-containing fluoride is not limited to those strictly satisfying the compositional formula (1), but also includes those containing trace amounts of impurities in addition to the constituent elements shown in the compositional formula (1).
- impurities other than the constituent elements represented by the compositional formula (1) may be 10% by mass or less.
- the coating material may contain lithium-containing fluoride as a main component. That is, the coating material may contain, for example, 50% or more of the lithium-containing fluoride with respect to the entire coating layer 12 by mass.
- the coating material may contain 70% or more of the lithium-containing fluoride in terms of mass ratio with respect to the entire coating layer 12 .
- the coating material contains lithium-containing fluoride as a main component, and further contains unavoidable impurities, or starting materials, by-products, decomposition products, etc. used when synthesizing lithium-containing fluoride. good too.
- the coating material may contain, for example, 100% lithium-containing fluoride in terms of mass ratio with respect to the entire coating layer 12, excluding impurities that are unavoidably mixed. As described above, the coating material may consist only of the lithium-containing fluoride.
- the coating material does not have to contain sulfur.
- the ratio of the volume of the coating layer 12 to the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume of the coating layer 12 may be 1% or more and 10% or less.
- the ratio V2/(V1+V2) of the volume V2 of the coating layer 12 to the total (V1+V2) of the volume V1 of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume V2 of the coating layer 12 is in the range of 0.01 or more and 0.1 or less. may be in
- the ratio of the volume of the coating layer 12 to the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume of the coating layer 12 is 1% or more, the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 can be sufficiently covered with the coating layer 12.
- the formation of a resistive layer between the substance 11 and the covering layer 12 can be effectively suppressed. If the ratio of the volume of the coating layer 12 to the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume of the coating layer 12 is 10% or less, it is possible to prevent the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 from being excessively covered with the coating layer 12 . As a result, a conduction path of electrons between particles of the positive electrode active material 11 is properly ensured.
- the volume V1 of the positive electrode active material 11 means the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11 in the particle group of the coated active material 100 .
- the volume V2 of the coating layer 12 means the total volume of the coating layer 12 in the particle group of the coated active material 100 .
- the ratio of the volume of the coating layer 12 to the sum of the volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume of the coating layer 12 is, for example, from a cross-sectional SEM image of the coating active material 100 obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), It can be obtained by obtaining the volume ratio of 20 arbitrarily selected pieces and calculating the average value thereof.
- the volume of the coating active material 100 is defined as V3 in addition to the volume V1 of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume V2 of the coating layer 12, the volume V2 of the coating layer 12 is obtained as V3-V1. Therefore, the ratio of the volume of the coating layer 12 to the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the volume of the coating layer 12 is obtained as (V3-V1)/V3.
- the volume V1 of the positive electrode active material 11 can be calculated by the following method.
- the area of the positive electrode active material 11 is calculated from the outline of the positive electrode active material 11 extracted from the cross-sectional SEM image.
- a radius (equivalent circle diameter ⁇ 1/2) r1 of a circle having an area equivalent to this area is calculated.
- the volume V1 of the positive electrode active material 11 can be calculated from the radius r1.
- the volume V3 of the coated active material 100 can be calculated by the following method.
- the area of the coated active material 100 is calculated from the outline of the coated active material 100 extracted from the cross-sectional SEM image.
- a radius (equivalent circle diameter ⁇ 1/2) r3 of a circle having an area equivalent to this area is calculated.
- the volume V3 of the coated active material 100 can be calculated from the radius r3.
- the volume V3 of the coated active material 100 can also be calculated by the following method.
- the average thickness of the coating layer 12 is added to the radius r1 of the positive electrode active material 11 calculated from the cross-sectional SEM image, and this is regarded as the radius r3 of the coated active material 100 .
- the volume V3 of the coated active material 100 can be calculated from the equivalent circle diameter r3.
- the average thickness of the coating layer 12 is obtained, for example, by measuring the thickness of the coating layer 12 at 20 arbitrarily selected points from the cross-sectional SEM image of the coated active material 100 and calculating the average value from the measured values. can ask.
- the average thickness of the coating layer 12 may be 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the average thickness of the coating layer 12 is 1 nm or more, the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 can be sufficiently covered with the coating layer 12, so that the formation of a resistance layer between the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating layer 12 can be prevented. can be effectively suppressed.
- the average thickness of the coating layer 12 is 300 nm or less, it is possible to prevent the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 from being excessively covered with the coating layer 12 . As a result, a conduction path of electrons between particles of the positive electrode active material 11 is properly ensured.
- the coating of the positive electrode active material 11 with the coating layer 12 suppresses the formation of an oxide film due to oxidative decomposition of another solid electrolyte (for example, the first solid electrolyte 21 to be described later) during charging of the battery. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the coated active material 100 can reduce the output resistance of the battery.
- another solid electrolyte for example, the first solid electrolyte 21 to be described later
- the coated active material 100 has, for example, a particle shape.
- the shape of the particles of the coated active material 100 is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the particles of the coated active material 100 is acicular, scaly, spherical, or oval.
- the types and amounts of elements contained in the coated active material 100 can be identified by known chemical analysis methods.
- the lithium-containing fluoride contained in the coating layer 12 can be produced, for example, by the method described below.
- Raw material powders are prepared so that the compounding ratio of the desired composition is achieved.
- LiF, AlF3 and TiF4 are prepared in a molar ratio of 2.7:0.7: 0.3 .
- the values " ⁇ ", " ⁇ " and “ ⁇ ” in the above compositional formula (1) can be adjusted by adjusting the raw materials, compounding ratio and synthesis process.
- the mechanochemical milling method is used to mix, pulverize, and react the raw material powders.
- the mixture may be fired in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. For example, firing is performed at a temperature range of 100° C. to 800° C. for one hour or longer. Thereby, a lithium-containing fluoride having the composition described above is obtained.
- composition of the crystal phase (crystal structure) in the lithium-containing fluoride can be determined by adjusting the reaction method and reaction conditions between the raw material powders.
- the positive electrode active material 11 is, for example, a material having a property of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- Examples of the positive electrode active material 11 are lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal fluorides, polyanion materials, fluorinated polyanion materials, transition metal sulfides, transition metal oxysulfides, or transition metal oxynitrides.
- Polyanion materials and fluorinated polyanion materials include, for example, LiFePO4 , LiCoPO4 , Li2CoPO4F , Li2MnSiO4 , Li2FeSiO4 , and the like.
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxides include, for example, Li(Ni, Co, Al) O 2 , Li(Ni, Co, Mn) O 2 or LiCoO 2 having a layered rock salt structure.
- Li(Ni, Co, Al) O 2 Li(Ni, Co, Mn) O 2 or LiCoO 2 having a layered rock salt structure.
- the manufacturing cost of the positive electrode can be reduced and the average discharge voltage can be increased.
- the shape of the positive electrode active material 11 is, for example, particulate.
- the median diameter of the positive electrode active material 11 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- volume diameter means the particle diameter when the cumulative volume in the volume-based particle size distribution is equal to 50%.
- the volume-based particle size distribution is measured by, for example, a laser diffraction measurement device or an image analysis device.
- the positive electrode active material 11 may contain nickel-cobalt-lithium aluminum oxide.
- the energy density of the battery can be increased.
- the positive electrode active material 11 may be Li(Ni, Co, Al) O 2 .
- Li(Ni, Co, Al) O 2 includes those containing Li, Ni, Co, and Al and at least one additional element.
- Additive elements are boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), and vanadium.
- V chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), indium (In), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), lanthanum (La), and cerium (Ce).
- Coated active material 100 in Embodiment 1 can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the manufacturing method of the coated active material 100.
- the method for producing the coated active material 100 is such that when the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 is measured from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. by the Karl Fischer method, the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11. and drying the positive electrode active material 11 to less than 250 ppm (step S1), and after the drying, using a coating material containing a lithium-containing fluoride to coat at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 (Step S4).
- step S1 when the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. is measured by the Karl Fischer method, the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11. , the positive electrode active material 11 is dried (step S1). By step S1, the moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11, for example, physically adsorbed moisture and chemically bonded moisture, can be reduced to the above range.
- the drying temperature in step S1 is not particularly limited.
- the drying temperature may be a temperature sufficient to reduce moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the drying temperature may be, for example, 120° C. or higher and 700° C. or lower.
- the drying temperature may be 200°C or higher and 700°C or lower.
- the drying temperature is 120° C. or higher, the water contained in the positive electrode active material 11, such as water of crystallization, which is chemically bound, can be more effectively reduced.
- the drying temperature is 700° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress the aggregation of particles of the positive electrode active material 11 and the occurrence of oxygen deficiency.
- the drying time in step S1 is not particularly limited.
- the drying time can be a time sufficient to reduce the moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the drying time may be, for example, about 5 hours to 1 week.
- Step S1 may be performed in a vacuum environment, in a dry atmosphere adjusted to a dew point of -70°C, or in an inert atmosphere. Step S1 may be performed in a vacuum environment. By performing step S1 in a vacuum environment, the moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11 can be efficiently reduced in a short period of time.
- "Vacuum environment” means a pressure environment below atmospheric pressure.
- the device that performs step S1 is not particularly limited.
- a heating device equipped with a forced exhaust device, a drying device, a hot air drying device, an infrared drying device, or the like can be used.
- step S2 the water content A300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C. may be measured by the Karl Fischer method described above (step S2).
- step S3 it may be determined whether the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 (step S3). Steps S1 to S3 may be repeated until the water content A 300 per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm. When the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11, step S3 may be terminated.
- step S3 it may be determined whether or not the water content A 300 per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 is more than 0 ppm and 200 ppm or less. In this case, steps S1 to S3 may be repeated until the water content A 300 satisfies more than 0 ppm and 200 ppm or less per unit mass of the positive electrode active material. Step S3 may be ended when the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and 200 ppm or less per unit mass of the positive electrode active material.
- step S3 it may be determined whether the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and less than 150 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 . In this case, steps S1 to S3 may be repeated until the water content A 300 satisfies more than 0 ppm and less than 150 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material. Step S3 may be ended when the water content A 300 is more than 0 ppm and less than 150 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material.
- step S3 After step S3 is completed, at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 having a water content A 300 of more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 is coated with a coating material containing lithium-containing fluoride. (step S4).
- step S4 the coating layer 12 that covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 is formed. Thereby, the coated active material 100 is obtained.
- Step S4 may be performed by a dry particle compounding method.
- the dry particle compounding method the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating material are mixed at an appropriate compounding ratio, milled, and then mechanical energy is applied to the mixture.
- a mixing device such as a ball mill can be used for the milling treatment.
- the milling process may be performed in a dry and inert atmosphere to suppress oxidation of the material.
- the treatment by the dry particle compounding method may include stirring while imparting mechanical energy of impact, compression, and shear to the mixture containing the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating material. According to the dry particle compounding method, the coated active material 100 can be produced efficiently.
- the device that can be used in step S4 is not particularly limited as long as it can impart mechanical energy such as impact, compression, and shear to the mixture.
- a ball mill "Mechanofusion” (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), “Nobiruta” (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), and other compressive shear processing equipment (particle compounding equipment) can be used.
- “Mechanofusion” and “Nobilta” are more desirable, and “Nobilta” is even more desirable.
- Mechanism is a particle compounding device that uses dry mechanical compounding technology by applying strong mechanical energy to multiple different material particles.
- particles are compounded by applying mechanical energy such as compression, shearing, and friction to powder raw materials put between a rotating container and a press head.
- Nobilta is a particle compounding device that uses dry mechanical compounding technology, which is an advanced form of particle compounding technology, in order to compound nanoparticles as raw materials. This is a technique for producing composite particles by imparting mechanical energy such as impact, compression and shear to multiple raw material powders.
- Nobilta is a horizontal cylindrical mixing vessel in which a rotor is placed with a specified gap between it and the inner wall of the mixing vessel.
- Composite particles of the positive electrode active material and the coating material can be produced by applying impact, compression, and shear forces to the mixture by repeating the treatment for multiple times. Conditions such as the rotation speed of the rotor, the treatment time, and the charge amount can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the temperature inside the mixing device may rise.
- part of the moisture contained in the positive electrode active material 11 may appear on the surface.
- the moisture appearing on the surface reacts with the lithium-containing fluoride contained in the coating layer 12, which may change the composition or crystallinity of the lithium-containing fluoride.
- the lithium-containing fluoride transforms, a resistance layer is generated at the interface between the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating layer 12 . This resistance layer increases the internal resistance of the battery during charging and discharging.
- the temperature inside the mixing device may be controlled in step S4.
- the temperature inside the mixing device may be controlled to 70° C. or less.
- the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material 11 at 25° C. to 300° C. can be controlled within the above range.
- the change in quality of the coating layer 12 due to the reaction between the contained moisture and the lithium-containing fluoride contained in the coating material is suppressed. That is, formation of a resistance layer at the interface between the positive electrode active material 11 and the coating layer 12 due to deterioration of the coating layer 12 is suppressed. Therefore, according to the coated active material 100 manufactured by the manufacturing method described above, the output resistance of the battery can be reduced.
- Embodiment 2 (Embodiment 2) Embodiment 2 will be described below. Descriptions overlapping those of the first embodiment are omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the positive electrode material 200 according to Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode material 200 in Embodiment 2 includes the coated active material 100 in Embodiment 1 and the first solid electrolyte 21 .
- the coated active material 100 can be manufactured by the manufacturing method described above.
- the shape of the first solid electrolyte 21 is, for example, particulate. According to the first solid electrolyte 21 , high ion conductivity can be achieved in the positive electrode material 200 .
- First solid electrolyte 21 includes a solid electrolyte having high ionic conductivity.
- the first solid electrolyte 21 may contain a halide solid electrolyte.
- Halide solid electrolytes have high ionic conductivity and excellent high potential stability. Furthermore, since the halide solid electrolyte has low electronic conductivity and high resistance to oxidation, it is unlikely to be oxidatively decomposed by contact with the coated active material 100 . Therefore, by including the halide solid electrolyte in the first solid electrolyte 21, the output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- halide solid electrolytes examples include Li 3 (Ca, Y, Gd) X 6 , Li 2 MgX 4 , Li 2 FeX 4 , Li (Al, Ga, In) X 4 , Li 3 (Al, Ga, In ) X 6 , LiI, etc. may be used.
- the element X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I in these halide solid electrolytes.
- the halide solid electrolyte does not have to contain sulfur.
- the first solid electrolyte 21 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- Sulfide solid electrolytes are excellent in ionic conductivity and flexibility. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the output characteristics of the battery.
- Examples of sulfide solid electrolytes include Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li10GeP2S12 and the like can be used.
- LiX, Li2O , MOq , LipMOq , etc. may be added to these.
- the element X in “LiX” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
- Element M in “MO q " and “L p MO q " is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, In, Fe, and Zn.
- p and q in "MO q " and "L p MO q " are independent natural numbers.
- the first solid electrolyte 21 may be a sulfide solid electrolyte. That is, the first solid electrolyte 1 may be made of a sulfide solid electrolyte. “Consisting of a sulfide solid electrolyte” means that materials other than the sulfide solid electrolyte are not intentionally added except for inevitable impurities.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may be Li 2 SP 2 S 5 .
- the shape of the first solid electrolyte 21 is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, oval, scaly, or fibrous, for example.
- the shape of the first solid electrolyte 21 may be particulate.
- the median diameter may be 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 can form a good dispersion state in the positive electrode material 200 .
- the median diameter of the first solid electrolyte 21 may be 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the first solid electrolyte 21 may be smaller than the median diameter of the coated active material 100 . According to such a configuration, the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 can form a better dispersed state in the positive electrode material 200 .
- the median diameter of the coated active material 100 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 can form a good dispersion state in the positive electrode material 200 .
- the charge/discharge characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the median diameter of the coated active material 100 is 100 ⁇ m or less, the diffusion rate of lithium inside the positive electrode active material 11 is improved. Therefore, it is possible to operate the battery at a high output.
- the median diameter of the coated active material 100 may be larger than the median diameter of the first solid electrolyte 21 . Even with such a configuration, in the positive electrode material 200, a favorable dispersion state of the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 can be formed.
- the first solid electrolyte 21 and the coated active material 100 may be in contact with each other as shown in FIG. At this time, the coating layer 12 and the first solid electrolyte 21 are also in contact with each other. Particles of the first solid electrolyte 21 may fill the spaces between the particles of the coated active material 100 .
- the coating layer 12 may uniformly cover the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the coated active material 100 may be formed by coating the entire surface of the positive electrode active material 11 with the coating layer 12 .
- the coating layer 12 suppresses direct contact between the positive electrode active material 11 and the first solid electrolyte 21 and suppresses formation of an oxide film due to oxidative decomposition of the first solid electrolyte 21 . Therefore, according to such a configuration, the output resistance of the battery is further reduced.
- the coating layer 12 may cover only part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 .
- the coated active material 100 may be formed by partially coating the surface of the positive electrode active material 11 with the coating layer 12 .
- the positive electrode material 200 may contain multiple first solid electrolytes 21 and multiple coating active materials 100 .
- the content of the first solid electrolyte 21 with respect to the positive electrode material 200 and the content of the coated active material 100 with respect to the positive electrode material 200 may be the same or different.
- the positive electrode material 200 is obtained by mixing the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 .
- a method for mixing the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 is not particularly limited.
- the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 may be mixed using a tool such as a mortar, or the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 may be mixed using a mixing device such as a ball mill. good too.
- the mixing ratio of the coated active material 100 and the first solid electrolyte 21 is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 300 according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 300 according to Embodiment 3.
- a battery 300 in Embodiment 3 includes a positive electrode 31 , an electrolyte layer 32 and a negative electrode 33 .
- the electrolyte layer 32 is arranged between the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 33 .
- the positive electrode 31 contains the positive electrode material 200 of the second embodiment. That is, positive electrode 31 includes coated active material 100 and first solid electrolyte 21 .
- the positive electrode 31 includes a material that has the property of absorbing and releasing metal ions (eg, lithium ions).
- the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery 300 can be improved.
- the ratio "v1:100-v1" between the volume of the positive electrode active material 11 and the total volume of the coating material and the first solid electrolyte 21 contained in the positive electrode 31 may satisfy 30 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 95.
- v1 indicates the volume ratio of the positive electrode active material 11 when the total volume of the positive electrode active material 11, the coating material, and the first solid electrolyte 21 contained in the positive electrode 31 is 100.
- 30 ⁇ v1 it is easy to secure a sufficient energy density of the battery 300 .
- v1 ⁇ 95 the operation of battery 300 at high output becomes easier.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 is 10 ⁇ m or more, the energy density of the battery 300 is sufficiently ensured. When the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 is 500 ⁇ m or less, the battery 300 can operate at high output.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 can be obtained, for example, by measuring the thickness of the positive electrode 31 at 20 arbitrarily selected points from the cross-sectional SEM image of the battery 300 and calculating the average value from the measured values. .
- the electrolyte layer 32 is a layer containing an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte is, for example, a solid electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte included in the electrolyte layer 32 is called a second solid electrolyte. That is, electrolyte layer 32 may include a second solid electrolyte layer.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of halide solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, and complex hydride solid electrolytes can be used as the second solid electrolyte.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a solid electrolyte having the same composition as the solid electrolyte contained in the first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- the second solid electrolyte contains a halide solid electrolyte
- the second solid electrolyte contains a halide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the halide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- electrolyte layer 32 may contain a halide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the halide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment described above. According to such a configuration, it is possible to further improve the output characteristics of the battery.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a solid electrolyte having a composition different from that of the solid electrolyte contained in the first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- the second solid electrolyte contains a halide solid electrolyte
- the second solid electrolyte contains a halide solid electrolyte having a composition different from that of the halide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- electrolyte layer 32 may contain a halide solid electrolyte having a composition different from that of the halide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the sulfide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment. That is, electrolyte layer 32 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the sulfide solid electrolyte contained in first solid electrolyte 21 in the second embodiment.
- the electrolyte layer 32 contains a sulfide solid electrolyte with excellent reduction stability, a low-potential negative electrode material such as graphite or metallic lithium can be used for the negative electrode 33 .
- the energy density of the battery 300 can be improved.
- the electrolyte layer 32 contains a sulfide solid electrolyte having the same composition as the sulfide solid electrolyte contained in the first solid electrolyte 21 in Embodiment 2, the output characteristics of the battery 300 can be further improved. can be done.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain an oxide solid electrolyte.
- oxide solid electrolytes include NASICON-type solid electrolyte materials typified by LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and element-substituted products thereof, (LaLi)TiO 3 -based perovskite-type solid electrolyte materials, and Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16 .
- LISICON-type solid electrolyte materials typified by Li 4 SiO 4 , LiGeO 4 and element-substituted products thereof, garnet-type solid electrolyte materials typified by Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and element-substituted products thereof, and Li 3 PO 4 and N-substituted products thereof, Li--BO compounds such as LiBO 2 and Li 3 BO 3 as a base, glasses added with Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 CO 3 , and glass ceramics can be used.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a polymer solid electrolyte.
- a polymer solid electrolyte for example, a compound of a polymer compound and a lithium salt can be used.
- the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure.
- a polymer compound having an ethylene oxide structure can contain a large amount of lithium salt. Therefore, the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
- Lithium salts include LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6, LiAsF6 , LiSO3CF3 , LiN ( SO2F )2, LiN(SO2CF3)2 , LiN ( SO2C2F5 ) 2 , LiN( SO2CF3 ) ( SO2C4F9 ), LiC( SO2CF3 ) 3 , etc. may be used .
- One lithium salt may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a complex hydride solid electrolyte.
- complex hydride solid electrolytes for example, LiBH 4 --LiI, LiBH 4 --P 2 S 5 and the like can be used.
- the electrolyte layer 32 may contain the second solid electrolyte as a main component. That is, the electrolyte layer 32 may contain the second solid electrolyte at a mass ratio of 50% or more (that is, 50% or more by mass) with respect to the entire electrolyte layer 32 .
- the output characteristics of the battery 300 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 32 may contain the second solid electrolyte at a mass ratio of 70% or more (that is, 70 mass% or more) with respect to the entire electrolyte layer 32 .
- the output characteristics of the battery 300 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 32 contains the second solid electrolyte as a main component, and further contains unavoidable impurities, or starting materials, by-products, decomposition products, etc. used when synthesizing the second solid electrolyte. You can
- the electrolyte layer 32 may contain the second solid electrolyte at a mass ratio of 100% (that is, 100% by mass) with respect to the entire electrolyte layer 32, excluding impurities that are unavoidably mixed. That is, the electrolyte layer 32 may be made of the second solid electrolyte.
- the output characteristics of the battery 300 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 32 may contain, as the second solid electrolyte, two or more of the materials listed as solid electrolytes.
- the two or more solid electrolytes have compositions different from each other.
- the electrolyte layer 32 may contain a halide solid electrolyte and a sulfide solid electrolyte as the second solid electrolyte.
- the average thickness of the electrolyte layer 32 may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less. When the average thickness of the electrolyte layer 32 is 1 ⁇ m or more, the possibility of short-circuiting between the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 33 is reduced. Further, when the average thickness of the electrolyte layer 32 is 300 ⁇ m or less, the operation of the battery 300 at high output becomes easy. That is, when the average thickness of the electrolyte layer 32 is appropriately adjusted, the battery 300 can be sufficiently safe and operated at a high output.
- the average thickness of the electrolyte layer 32 can be determined by the method described for the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 .
- the negative electrode 33 contains a material that has the property of absorbing and releasing metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- the negative electrode 33 includes, for example, a negative electrode active material (for example, negative electrode active material particles).
- a metal material, a carbon material, an oxide, a nitride, a tin compound, a silicon compound, or the like can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the metal material may be a single metal.
- the metal material may be an alloy.
- metallic materials include lithium metal or lithium alloys.
- carbon materials include natural graphite, coke, ungraphitized carbon, carbon fiber, spherical carbon, artificial graphite, or amorphous carbon.
- oxides include Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiTi 2 O 4 and TiO 2 . From the viewpoint of capacity density, silicon, tin, silicon compounds, or tin compounds can be preferably used.
- the negative electrode 33 may contain a solid electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte that can be included in the negative electrode 33 is called a third solid electrolyte. That is, the negative electrode 33 may contain the third solid electrolyte. With such a configuration, the lithium ion conductivity inside the negative electrode 33 is improved, and the battery 300 can operate at high output.
- the third solid electrolyte that can be contained in the negative electrode 33 the materials given as examples of the second solid electrolyte of the electrolyte layer 32 can be used.
- the median diameter of the negative electrode active material may be larger than the median diameter of the third solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 33 . Thereby, a favorable dispersion state of the negative electrode active material and the third solid electrolyte can be formed.
- the ratio "v2:100-v2" between the volume of the negative electrode active material and the volume of the third solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 33 may satisfy 30 ⁇ v2 ⁇ 95.
- v2 indicates the volume ratio of the negative electrode active material when the total volume of the negative electrode active material and the third solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 33 is 100.
- 30 ⁇ v2 it is easy to secure a sufficient energy density of the battery 300 .
- v2 ⁇ 95 the operation of the battery 300 at high output becomes easier.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode 33 may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the average thickness of the negative electrode 33 is 10 ⁇ m or more, it becomes easy to ensure a sufficient energy density of the battery 300 . When the average thickness of the negative electrode 33 is 500 ⁇ m or less, the operation of the battery 300 at high output becomes easier.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode 33 can be obtained by the method described for the average thickness of the positive electrode 31 .
- At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 31, the electrolyte layer 32 and the negative electrode 33 may contain a binder for the purpose of improving adhesion between particles.
- a binder is used to improve the binding properties of the material that constitutes the electrode. Binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyacrylic acid ethyl ester, poly Acrylate hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester, polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polyethersulfone, hexafluoropolypropylene, styrene-butadiene
- Binders include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid, and hexadiene. Copolymers of two or more selected materials may be used. Also, two or more selected from these may be mixed and used as a binder.
- At least one of the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 33 may contain a conductive aid for the purpose of enhancing electronic conductivity.
- conductive aids include graphites such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black and Ketjen black, conductive fibers such as carbon fiber or metal fiber, carbon fluoride, and metal powder such as aluminum.
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive polymer compounds such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.
- the battery 300 can be configured as a battery of various shapes such as coin type, cylindrical type, square type, sheet type, button type, flat type, and laminated type.
- the battery 300 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- the positive electrode material 200, the material for forming the electrolyte layer 32, and the material for forming the negative electrode 33 in Embodiment 2 are prepared.
- a laminate in which the positive electrode 31, the electrolyte layer 32, and the negative electrode 33 are arranged in this order is produced by a known method.
- battery 300 is obtained.
- NCA Li(Ni, Co, Al) O 2
- the NCA was installed inside a drying apparatus equipped with a forced exhaust system installed in a dry environment controlled to a dew point of ⁇ 60° C. or below.
- the temperature inside the drying apparatus was maintained at 200° C., and the NCA was dried for 7 days under a reduced pressure to a degree of vacuum of 1 kPa or less.
- a positive electrode active material of Example 1 was obtained.
- LTAF Li 2.7 Ti 0.3 Al 0.7 F 6
- the average particle diameter of LTAF was calculated from a planar SEM image of LTAF obtained by a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, 3D Real Surface View Microscope, VE-8800, magnification of 5000 times). Specifically, the average value of the equivalent circle diameters of 50 particles arbitrarily selected in the plane SEM image of LTAF was calculated as the average particle diameter.
- Coating of LTAF on NCA was performed using a particle compounding device (Nobilta, NOB-MINI manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation). 48.5 g of NCA and 1.5 g of LTAF were placed in a NOB-MINI container. NCA and LTAF were combined under the conditions of a rotation speed of 6000 rpm, an operation time of 60 minutes, and a power value of 550 W to 740 W. Thus, a coated active material of Example 1 was obtained. The ratio of LTAF volume to the sum of NCA volume and LTAF volume was 4.6%.
- a positive electrode active material and a coated active material of Example 2 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for this.
- LZAF Li 2.8 Zr 0.2 Al 0.8 F 6
- the average particle size of the LZAF powder was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of LZAF was determined in the same manner as the average particle size of the LTAF powder in Example 1.
- Coating of LZAF on NCA was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using NOB-MINI. 48.5 g of NCA and 1.5 g of LZAF were placed in a NOB-MINI container. NCA and LZAF were combined under the conditions of a rotation speed of 5600 rpm, an operation time of 60 minutes, and a power value of 550 W to 740 W. Thus, a coated active material of Example 3 was obtained. The ratio of the volume of LZAF to the sum of the volume of NCA and LZAF was 4.6%.
- the water content A 180 at 25° C. to 180° C. and the water content A 300 at 25° C. to 300 ° C. of the positive electrode active material were determined by the Karl Fischer method described above. asked for A Karl Fischer apparatus (manufactured by Nitto Seiko Analyticc, CA-310) was used to measure the water content of the positive electrode active material.
- the water content A 180 per unit mass of the positive electrode active material was calculated by dividing the calculated water content A 180 by the total mass of the positive electrode active material used for measurement. By dividing the calculated water content A 300 by the total mass of the positive electrode active material used for measurement, the water content A 300 per unit mass of the positive electrode active material was calculated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the coating active material and Li 2 SP 2 S 5 as the first solid electrolyte are combined with the positive electrode active material and the coating material (lithium Fluoride contained) and the total of the first solid electrolyte were weighed so as to have a volume ratio of 75:25. Further, a conductive additive (VGCF-H, manufactured by Showa Denko KK) was weighed so as to be 1.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the positive electrode active material. By mixing these in an agate mortar, positive electrode materials of Examples and Reference Examples were produced. "VGCF” is a registered trademark of Showa Denko.
- the inner diameter of the insulating outer cylinder used in this example was 9.5 mm, and the projected area of the electrode was 0.71 cm 2 .
- the secondary battery was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25°C. Constant current charging was performed at a current value of 319 ⁇ A, which is 0.1 C rate (10 hour rate) with respect to the theoretical capacity of the battery, and charging was terminated at a voltage of 4.3 V (voltage based on Li/Li + ). Next, constant-voltage charging was performed at a voltage of 4.3 V, and charging was terminated when the current value fell below 31.9 ⁇ A, which is the 0.01 C rate. After resting for 20 minutes, constant current discharge was performed at a current value of 319 ⁇ A, which is also the 0.1 C rate, and the discharge was terminated at a voltage of 3.62 V (voltage based on Li/Li + ).
- Example 1 and 2 and Reference Examples 1 and 2 the same coating material (LTAF) was used to form the coating layer. However, in Examples 1 and 2 in which the positive electrode active material was dried before forming the coating layer, the output resistance of the battery was lower than in Reference Examples 1 and 2 in which the positive electrode active material was not dried. In Example 3 and Reference Example 3, the same coating material (LZAF) was used to form the coating layer. However, in Example 3 in which the positive electrode active material was dried before forming the coating layer, the output resistance of the battery was lower than in Reference Example 3 in which the positive electrode active material was not dried. In the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 3, the water content A 300 of the positive electrode active material at 25° C. to 300° C.
- the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 3 were more than 0 ppm and less than 250 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 . Moreover, in the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 3, the water content A 180 of the positive electrode active material at 25° C. to 180° C. was more than 0 ppm and less than 20 ppm per unit mass of the positive electrode active material 11 .
- lithium - containing fluoride of the coating material As the lithium - containing fluoride of the coating material , the present It is presumed that the same tendency as the results of the example can be seen. All of these lithium-containing fluorides, like LTAF and LZAF, are composed of Li, F, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, and Al, and therefore are considered to have similar properties. It is possible.
- the battery of the present disclosure can be used, for example, as an all-solid lithium secondary battery.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記被覆層は、リチウム含有フッ化物を含み、
カールフィッシャー法により前記正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定したとき、前記水分量が、前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満である。
特許文献1には、正極活物質、および、リチウムと、イットリウムと、塩素、臭素、およびヨウ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種とを含むハロゲン化物固体電解質を含む正極材料が記載されている。
本開示の第1態様に係る被覆活物質は、
正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記被覆層は、リチウム含有フッ化物を含み、
カールフィッシャー法により前記正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定したとき、前記水分量が、前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満である。
LiαMeβAlγF6・・・式(1)
前記Meは、TiおよびZrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであってもよく、前記α、β、およびγは、α+4β+3γ=6、かつ、γ>0、を満たしてもよい。
カールフィッシャー法により正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定したとき、前記水分量が、前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満となるように、前記正極活物質を乾燥させることと、
上記乾燥後に、リチウム含有フッ化物を含む被覆材料を用い、前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆することと、
を含む。
第1から第6態様のいずれか1つに係る被覆活物質、および
第1固体電解質、
を含む。
第11から第13態様のいずれか1つに係る正極材料を含む正極、
負極、および
前記正極と前記負極との間に設けられた電解質層、
を備える。
[被覆活物質]
図1は、実施の形態1における被覆活物質の概略構成を示す断面図である。実施の形態1における被覆活物質100は、正極活物質11、および被覆層12を備える。被覆層12は、正極活物質11の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆している。被覆層12は、正極活物質11に直接接している。被覆層12は、リチウム含有フッ化物を含む。カールフィッシャー法により正極活物質11の25℃から300℃における水分量A300を測定したとき、水分量A300が、正極活物質11の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満である。
以下、被覆層12を構成する材料を「被覆材料」と称する。被覆活物質100は、正極活物質11および被覆材料を含んでいる。被覆材料は、リチウム含有フッ化物を含んでいる。
被覆層12に含まれるリチウム含有フッ化物は、例えば、下記の方法によって製造されうる。
正極活物質11は、例えば、金属イオン(例えば、リチウムイオン)を吸蔵かつ放出する特性を有する材料である。正極活物質11の例は、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属フッ化物、ポリアニオン材料、フッ素化ポリアニオン材料、遷移金属硫化物、遷移金属オキシ硫化物、または遷移金属オキシ窒化物などである。ポリアニオン材料およびフッ素化ポリアニオン材料として、例えば、LiFePO4、LiCoPO4、Li2CoPO4F、Li2MnSiO4、Li2FeSiO4、などが挙げられる。リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物として、例えば、層状岩塩型構造を有するLi(Ni,Co,Al)O2、Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2、またはLiCoO2などが挙げられる。正極活物質11として、例えば、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いた場合、正極の製造コストを低減でき、かつ、平均放電電圧を高めることができる。
実施の形態1における被覆活物質100は、例えば、下記の方法により製造されうる。
以下、実施の形態2が説明される。実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
図3は、実施の形態2における正極材料200の概略構成を示す断面図である。
第1固体電解質21は、高いイオン伝導度を有する固体電解質を含む。第1固体電解質21は、ハロゲン化物固体電解質を含んでいてもよい。ハロゲン化物固体電解質は、高いイオン伝導度および優れた高電位安定性を有する。さらに、ハロゲン化物固体電解質は、低い電子伝導度および高い酸化耐性を有するので、被覆活物質100との接触によって酸化分解されにくい。そのため、第1固体電解質21がハロゲン化物固体電解質を含むことで、電池の出力特性を向上させることができる。
被覆活物質100と第1固体電解質21とを混合することによって、正極材料200が得られる。被覆活物質100と第1固体電解質21とを混合する方法は特に限定さない。例えば、乳鉢などの器具を用いて被覆活物質100と第1固体電解質21とを混合してもよく、ボールミルなどの混合装置を用いて被覆活物質100と第1固体電解質21とを混合してもよい。被覆活物質100と第1固体電解質21との混合比率は特に限定されない。
以下、実施の形態3が説明される。実施の形態1および2と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
[正極活物質]
正極活物質として、メジアン径5μmのLi(Ni,Co,Al)O2(以下、NCAと表記する)を用いた。
露点-60℃以下に制御されたドライ環境下に設置された強制排気装置を備えた乾燥装置の内部に、NCAを設置した。乾燥装置の内部の温度を200℃に維持し、真空度1kPa以下となるように減圧した状態で7日間、NCAを乾燥した。これにより、実施例1の正極活物質を得た。
露点-60℃以下、酸素値5ppm以下に制御されたアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、原料粉末のLiF、AlF3およびTiF4をLiF:AlF3:TiF4=2.7:0.7:0.3のモル比となるように秤量した。これらの原料粉末をメノウ乳鉢で混合して混合物を得た。次に、遊星型ボールミル装置(フリッチュ社製,P-7型)を用い、500rpm、12時間の条件で混合物をミリング処理した。これにより、Li2.7Ti0.3Al0.7F6(以下、LTAFと表記する)の組成式で表される合成物を得た。合成物と適量の溶媒とを混合し、遊星型ボールミル装置を用い、200rpm、20分の条件で合成物をミリング処理した。その後、溶媒を乾燥により除去した。これにより、被覆材料(リチウム含有フッ化物)として、LTAFの粉末を得た。LTAFの粉末の平均粒径は、0.5μmであった。
NCAへのLTAFの被覆は、粒子複合化装置(ホソカワミクロン社製,ノビルタ,NOB‐MINI)を用いて行った。NOB‐MINIの容器内に48.5gのNCAおよび1.5gのLTAFを入れた。回転数6000rpm、作動時間60分、電力値550Wから740Wの条件で、NCAとLTAFとを複合化した。これにより、実施例1の被覆活物質を得た。NCAの体積とLTAFの体積の合計に対するLTAFの体積の比率は、4.6%であった。
正極活物質の乾燥の際に、乾燥装置の内部の温度を250℃に維持した。これ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で実施例2の正極活物質および被覆活物質を得た。
[正極活物質]
実施例3の正極活物質として、実施例1の正極活物質を用いた。
露点-60℃以下、酸素値5ppm以下に制御されたアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、原料粉末のLiF、AlF3およびZrF4をLiF:AlF3:ZrF4=2.8:0.8:0.2のモル比となるように秤量した。これらの原料粉末をメノウ乳鉢で混合して混合物を得た。混合物と適量の溶媒とを混合し、遊星型ボールミル装置(フリッチュ社製,P-7型)を用い、12時間、500rpmの条件で混合物をミリング処理した。その後、溶媒を乾燥により除去した。これにより、被覆材料(リチウム含有フッ化物)として、Li2.8Zr0.2Al0.8F6(以下、LZAFと表記する)の組成式で表される粉末を得た。LZAFの粉末の平均粒径は、0.5μmであった。LZAFの平均粒径は、実施例1のLTAFの粉末の平均粒径と同様の方法により求めた。
NCAへのLZAFの被覆は、実施例1と同様に、NOB‐MINIを用いて行った。NOB‐MINIの容器内に48.5gのNCAおよび1.5gのLZAFを入れた。回転数5600rpm、作動時間60分、電力値550Wから740Wの条件で、NCAとLZAFとを複合化した。これにより、実施例3の被覆活物質を得た。NCAの体積とLZAFの体積の合計に対するLZAFの体積の比率は、4.6%であった。
正極活物質の乾燥の際に、乾燥装置の内部の温度を100℃に維持した。これ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で参考例1の正極活物質および被覆活物質を得た。
正極活物質の乾燥の際に、乾燥装置の内部の温度を150℃に維持した。これ以外は実施例1と同じ方法で参考例2の正極活物質および被覆活物質を得た。
正極活物質の乾燥の際に、乾燥装置の内部の温度を100℃に維持した。これ以外は実施例3と同じ方法で参考例3の正極活物質および被覆活物質を得た。
実施例および参考例のそれぞれの被覆前の正極活物質について、上記で説明したカールフィッシャー法により、正極活物質の25℃から180℃における水分量A180および25℃から300℃における水分量A300を求めた。正極活物質の水分量の測定には、カールフィッシャー装置(日東精工アナリテック社製,CA‐310)を用いた。算出した水分量A180を測定に用いた正極活物質の総質量で除することにより、正極活物質の単位質量あたりの水分量A180を算出した。算出した水分量A300を測定に用いた正極活物質の総質量で除することにより、正極活物質の単位質量あたりの水分量A300を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例および参考例の被覆活物質をそれぞれ用いて、下記の工程を実施した。
実施例および参考例の二次電池をそれぞれ用いて、以下の条件で、出力抵抗の評価を実施した。
実施例1から2および参考例1から2では、同じ被覆材料(LTAF)により被覆層を形成した。しかし、被覆層を形成する前に正極活物質の乾燥を行った実施例1から2では、正極活物質の乾燥を行わなかった参考例1から2よりも電池の出力抵抗が低減されていた。実施例3および参考例3では、同じ被覆材料(LZAF)により被覆層を形成した。しかし、被覆層を形成する前に正極活物質の乾燥を行った実施例3では、正極活物質の乾燥を行わなかった参考例3よりも電池の出力抵抗が低減されていた。実施例1から3の正極活物質では、正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量A300が、正極活物質11の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満であった。また、実施例1から3の正極活物質では、正極活物質の25℃から180℃における水分量A180が、正極活物質11の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ20ppm未満であった。
Claims (17)
- 正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記被覆層は、リチウム含有フッ化物を含み、
カールフィッシャー法により前記正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定したとき、前記水分量が、前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満である、
被覆活物質。 - 前記リチウム含有フッ化物は、Li、Me、Al、およびFを含み、
前記Meは、TiおよびZrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである、
請求項1に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記リチウム含有フッ化物は、下記の組成式(1)により表され、
LiαMeβAlγF6・・・式(1)
前記Meは、TiおよびZrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記α、β、およびγは、α+4β+3γ=6、かつ、γ>0、を満たす、
請求項1または2に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記γは、0.5≦γ<1、を満たす、
請求項3に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記α、β、およびγは、2.5≦α≦2.9、0.1≦β≦0.5、および0.5≦γ≦0.9、を満たす、
請求項3に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記正極活物質は、ニッケル・コバルト・アルミニウム酸リチウムを含む、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の被覆活物質。 - カールフィッシャー法により正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定したとき、前記水分量が、前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満となるように、前記正極活物質を乾燥させることと、
前記乾燥後に、リチウム含有フッ化物を含む被覆材料を用い、前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆することと、
を含む、
被覆活物質の製造方法。 - 前記乾燥させることと前記被覆することとの間に、カールフィッシャー法により前記正極活物質の25℃から300℃における水分量を測定することを含む、
請求項7に記載の被覆活物質の製造方法。 - 前記測定することと前記被覆することとの間に、前記水分量が前記正極活物質の単位質量あたり0ppm超、かつ250ppm未満であるかどうかを判断することを含む、
請求項8に記載の被覆活物質の製造方法。 - 前記被覆することは、乾式粒子複合化法によって行われ、
前記乾式粒子複合化法は、衝撃、圧縮、およびせん断の機械的エネルギーを前記正極活物質と前記被覆材料との混合物に付与することを含む、
請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の被覆活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の被覆活物質、および
第1固体電解質、
を含む、正極材料。 - 前記第1固体電解質は、ハロゲン化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項11に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第1固体電解質は、硫化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項11または12に記載の正極材料。 - 請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料を含む正極、
負極、および
前記正極と前記負極との間に設けられた電解質層、
を備える、電池。 - 前記電解質層は、第2固体電解質を含み、
前記第2固体電解質は、前記第1固体電解質に含まれる固体電解質と同一の組成を有するハロゲン化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項14に記載の電池。 - 前記電解質層は、第2固体電解質を含み、
前記第2固体電解質は、前記第1固体電解質に含まれる固体電解質とは異なる組成を有するハロゲン化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項14または15に記載の電池。 - 前記電解質層は、第2固体電解質を含み、
前記第2固体電解質は、硫化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項14から16のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280058704.7A CN117882215A (zh) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-07-26 | 被覆活性物质、被覆活性物质的制造方法、正极材料以及电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021148737 | 2021-09-13 | ||
JP2021-148737 | 2021-09-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023037775A1 true WO2023037775A1 (ja) | 2023-03-16 |
Family
ID=85507460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/028825 WO2023037775A1 (ja) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-07-26 | 被覆活物質、被覆活物質の製造方法、正極材料、および電池 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN117882215A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2023037775A1 (ja) |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004214187A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、それを用いた非水系電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2009129747A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Nec Corp | 二次電池 |
JP2013510393A (ja) * | 2009-11-05 | 2013-03-21 | ユミコア | コア−シェルリチウム遷移金属酸化物 |
JP2016143539A (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-08 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極材料及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2017022062A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2018014322A (ja) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-25 | Basf戸田バッテリーマテリアルズ合同会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2018125214A (ja) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 複合活物質粒子、正極、全固体リチウムイオン電池及びこれらの製造方法 |
JP2019057450A (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-04-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極材料とこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2019091531A (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-06-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
JP2019102344A (ja) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
WO2019135322A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極材料、および、電池 |
WO2019146236A1 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極材料、および、電池 |
WO2021161752A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および被覆正極活物質の製造方法 |
WO2021161604A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 |
WO2021241417A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および正極活物質の製造方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-26 WO PCT/JP2022/028825 patent/WO2023037775A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-07-26 CN CN202280058704.7A patent/CN117882215A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004214187A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、それを用いた非水系電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2009129747A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Nec Corp | 二次電池 |
JP2013510393A (ja) * | 2009-11-05 | 2013-03-21 | ユミコア | コア−シェルリチウム遷移金属酸化物 |
JP2016143539A (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-08 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極材料及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2017022062A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2018014322A (ja) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-25 | Basf戸田バッテリーマテリアルズ合同会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2018125214A (ja) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 複合活物質粒子、正極、全固体リチウムイオン電池及びこれらの製造方法 |
JP2019057450A (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-04-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極材料とこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2019091531A (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-06-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
JP2019102344A (ja) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
WO2019135322A1 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極材料、および、電池 |
WO2019146236A1 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極材料、および、電池 |
WO2021161752A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および被覆正極活物質の製造方法 |
WO2021161604A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 |
WO2021241417A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および正極活物質の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117882215A (zh) | 2024-04-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7417923B2 (ja) | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 | |
JP7209169B2 (ja) | 固体電解質材料、電極材料、正極、及び電池 | |
US20230106765A1 (en) | Positive electrode material and battery | |
JP6738121B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン(lithiumion)二次電池 | |
WO2021161752A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および被覆正極活物質の製造方法 | |
WO2021157361A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023037776A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、被覆活物質の製造方法、正極材料、および電池 | |
JP7429869B2 (ja) | 負極材料、および、電池 | |
WO2021205821A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2021199618A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質およびそれを用いた電池 | |
WO2022244445A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023008119A1 (ja) | 正極、電池、および正極の製造方法 | |
WO2022259611A1 (ja) | 電極材料および電池 | |
WO2022224505A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023037775A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、被覆活物質の製造方法、正極材料、および電池 | |
WO2022244416A1 (ja) | 複合正極活物質、正極材料、および電池 | |
WO2022209686A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および被覆正極活物質の製造方法 | |
CN113614948A (zh) | 正极材料和电池 | |
WO2023132304A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023139897A1 (ja) | 電池 | |
WO2023002756A1 (ja) | 負極活物質および電池 | |
WO2023132303A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023002757A1 (ja) | 負極活物質および電池 | |
WO2023074144A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2022254796A1 (ja) | 電極材料および電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22867097 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023546822 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280058704.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022867097 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022867097 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240415 |