WO2022181810A1 - ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法 - Google Patents
ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C20/00—Cheese substitutes
- A23C20/02—Cheese substitutes containing neither milk components, nor caseinate, nor lactose, as sources of fats, proteins or carbohydrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/346—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of vegetable proteins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a stretchable cheese substitute. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a heat-stretchable stretchable cheese substitute made from vegetable protein.
- the present invention provides a cheese substitute manufacturing technology that can impart improved stretchability to a cheese substitute containing a vegetable protein and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch with respect to 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein. intended to provide
- the present inventors added a protease to a material composition having a specific composition containing vegetable protein and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch with respect to 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein, cheese obtained by It was found that the stretchability of the substitute was improved. Furthermore, in the case where amylase is used in combination with protease, when amylase is added to the material composition together with protease, the starch refinement power of amylase allowed for the material composition is limited to a predetermined condition (that is, a condition that satisfies the relationship of 8 U or less of starch refinement power per 1 g of starch with respect to 100,000 U of protease activity per 1 g of vegetable protein).
- Section 1 A step of treating a material composition containing a vegetable protein and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein with an enzymatic agent containing a protease and optionally containing an amylase; A substitute for stretchy cheese, wherein the enzymatic agent is used so that the starch refinement power of the amylase per 1 g of the starch is 8 U or less with respect to the protease activity of 100,000 U of the protease per 1 g of the vegetable protein. A method of making things.
- Item 3. Item 3. The production method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the protease is a bacterial protease. Section 4.
- Item 4. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the protease is derived from the genus Bacillus and/or Geobacillus.
- Item 6. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the enzyme agent is used so that the protease activity is 10 to 500 U per 1 g of the vegetable protein.
- Item 7. Item 7.
- Item 8. Item 8. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the vegetable protein is pea protein, broad bean protein, chickpea protein, and/or lentil protein.
- Item 9. Item 9. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the content of the vegetable protein in the material composition is 1% by weight or more and less than 15% by weight.
- Item 10. Item 10.
- Item 11. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 10, wherein the starch content per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein is 5 parts by weight or less.
- Item 12. A stretchability improver for a stretchable cheese substitute, comprising an enzymatic agent containing protease and optionally amylase, and containing 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein. and A stretchability improver used so that the starch refinement power of the amylase per 1 g of the starch is 8 U or less for the protease activity of the protease of 100,000 U per 1 g of the vegetable protein.
- Item 13. Item 13.
- the method for producing a stretchable cheese substitute of the present invention comprises preparing a material composition comprising a vegetable protein and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein, A step of treating with an enzymatic agent containing protease and optionally amylase (hereinafter also referred to as a "protease treatment step"), wherein the enzymatic agent is treated with the protease of the protease per 1 g of the vegetable protein It is characterized in that the amylase is used so that the starch gelatinization power of the amylase per 1 g of the starch is 8 U or less with respect to an activity of 100,000 U.
- the stretchability of the obtained cheese substitute is improved, or in addition to the improvement of stretchability, the heat meltability improvement effect and / or the hydrophobic peptide reduction effect (hydrophobic peptide reduction effect means bitterness It refers to the effect of degrading a presenting hydrophobic peptide and replacing it with a hydrophobic amino acid.) can be further imparted.
- Material composition containing vegetable protein and starch The plant from which the vegetable protein is derived is not particularly limited, but for example, beans such as peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, and lentils; Cereals such as rice, buckwheat, millet and millet; nuts such as almonds, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, Brazil nuts, peanuts and coconuts.
- beans such as peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, and lentils
- Cereals such as rice, buckwheat, millet and millet
- nuts such as almonds, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, Brazil nuts, peanuts and coconuts.
- vegetable proteins derived from these plants one type may be used alone, or two or more types having different origins may be used in combination.
- bean proteins are preferable.
- the content of vegetable protein in the material composition is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably 3 to 12% by weight, still more preferably 4% by weight. ⁇ 11 wt%, more preferably 4-9 wt%, 4-8 wt%, 4-7 wt%, 4-6 wt%, 6-11 wt%, 7-11 wt%, 8-11 wt%, Or 9 to 11% by weight.
- the plant from which starch is derived is not particularly limited as long as it can impart stretchability to the cheese substitute, but examples include cassava, potato, sweet potato, and kudzu.
- starch derived from these plants one type may be used alone, or two or more types having different origins may be used in combination.
- cassava starch (tapioca starch) is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint. mentioned.
- the content of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is 0.6 parts by weight or more. Since the production method of the present invention is excellent in the effect of improving stretchability, when an enzymatic agent containing amylase is used, the ratio of starch to vegetable protein is adversely affected by the starch gelatinization power. Even so, the stretchability can be effectively improved.
- a suitable example of the content of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is preferably 0.7 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.8 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein. More preferably 1 part by weight or more, still more preferably 1.5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 2 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 2.5 parts by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content range of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of appropriately blending a predetermined amount of vegetable protein, for example, it is 5 parts by weight or less. Moreover, since the production method of the present invention is excellent in the effect of improving the stretchability, the stretchability can be effectively improved even when the content ratio of starch to the vegetable protein is relatively small. From such a viewpoint, the upper limit of the starch content range per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is preferably 3 parts by weight or less, more preferably 2 parts by weight or less, and still more preferably 1.2 parts by weight. part or less, more preferably 0.9 part by weight or less.
- the upper limit of the content range of starch per part by weight of vegetable protein is preferably 3 parts by weight or less, more preferably 2 parts by weight or less, even more preferably 1.2 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.9 parts by weight or less.
- the content of starch in the material composition is not particularly limited as long as stretchability can be imparted, but examples include 4% by weight or more. From the viewpoint of further improving the stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving the heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing the hydrophobic peptide, the content of starch in the material composition is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 6% by weight or more, still more preferably 7% by weight or more, even more preferably 8% by weight or more, 9% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 11% by weight or more, 12% by weight or more, or 13% by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content range of starch in the material composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of appropriately blending a predetermined amount of vegetable protein, for example, 20% by weight or less can be mentioned.
- the production method of the present invention is excellent in the effect of improving the stretchability, the stretchability can be effectively improved even when the starch content is relatively small.
- the upper limit of the starch content range in the material composition is preferably 17% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, still more preferably 13% by weight or less, and even more preferably 11% by weight. Below, more preferably 9% by weight or less is mentioned.
- the material composition can contain any material component (hereinafter also referred to as "other material component") used for cheese substitutes as a component other than vegetable protein and starch.
- other material components include vegetable oils and fats, polysaccharide thickeners, water, and salt.
- Vegetable oils and fats are not particularly limited, but examples include canola oil (rapeseed oil), coconut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, walnut oil, almond oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, safflower oil, and flax. Seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm fruit oil, babassu oil, shea butter, mango butter, cocoa butter, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil and the like. These vegetable oils and fats may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Canola oil (rapeseed oil) and coconut oil are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint.
- canola oil (rapeseed oil) and coconut oil are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides
- the content of the vegetable oil in the material composition is not particularly limited. Or from the viewpoint of further imparting a hydrophobic peptide reduction effect, for example, 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 8 to 25% by weight, more preferably 10 to 20% by weight, even more preferably 10 to 17% by weight, 12 to 17% by weight %, 12-14% by weight, or 14-17% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and vegetable oil is determined by the content of each component described above.
- Polysaccharide thickeners are not particularly limited, but examples include locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, tamarind seed gum, pectin, gum arabic, curdlan, tara gum, gellan gum, gati gum, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), and alginic acid. Examples include sodium and pullulan, preferably carrageenan. These polysaccharide thickeners may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Carrageenan is preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting an effect of improving heat meltability and/or an effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to the above viewpoint.
- the content of the polysaccharide thickener in the material composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to the viewpoint, heat meltability From the viewpoint of further imparting an improvement effect and/or a hydrophobic peptide reduction effect, it is, for example, 0.3 to 1.8% by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.2% by weight.
- the content ratio of the vegetable protein and the polysaccharide thickener is determined by the content of each of the components described above. 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.08 to 0.12 parts by weight.
- the water content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides. From the viewpoint of further imparting, for example, 50 to 72% by weight, preferably 55 to 70% by weight, more preferably 62 to 68% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and water is determined by the content of each component described above. parts, more preferably 6 to 13 parts by weight, 6 to 9 parts by weight, or 9 to 13 parts by weight.
- the content of salt is not particularly limited, but the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides. From the viewpoint of further imparting, it is, for example, 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 0.5% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and salt is determined by the content of each component described above. 0.01 to 0.12 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.12 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.1 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.09 parts by weight, more preferably 0.03 to 0.09 parts by weight parts by weight, 0.03 to 0.06 parts by weight, or 0.06 to 0.09 parts by weight.
- the enzymatic agent used for treating the above material composition contains at least protease and may contain amylase.
- the amylase is not limited to being added to the protease preparation, being blended in the protease preparation, or being used together with the protease in any other manner.
- protease refers to endo-peptidase.
- the origin of the protease is not particularly limited, for example, proteases derived from bacteria such as Bacillus, Geobacillus, etc.; Aspergillus, Mucor, Neurospora, Proteases from fungi of the genus Penicillium, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Sclerotinia; yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces; Actinomyces of the genus Streptomyces Bacteria-derived proteases and the like can be used.
- proteases may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- proteases derived from bacteria are preferred from the viewpoint of further enhancing stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting an effect of improving heat melting property and/or an effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint.
- proteases derived from Bacillus and/or Geobacillus more preferably Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis and proteases derived from these Geobacillus.
- Bacillus stearothermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus and particularly preferably Geobacillus stearothermophilus.
- the enzymatic agent can be used so that the protease activity of the protease is, for example, 10 to 500 U per 1 g of vegetable protein.
- the enzyme agent has a protease activity of protease per 1 g of vegetable protein. It can be used in an amount of preferably 30 to 500 U, more preferably 50 to 500 U, and even more preferably 80 to 500 U. Since the production method of the present invention is excellent in the stretchability-improving effect, it is possible to effectively obtain the stretchability-improving effect even with a relatively small amount of protease.
- the enzymatic agent may be used so that the protease activity of the protease is, for example, 10 to 400 U, 10 to 300 U, 10 to 200 U, 10 to 150 U, or 10 to 100 U per 1 g of vegetable protein. .
- amylase means ⁇ -amylase.
- the origin of the amylase is not particularly limited. .licheniformis), etc.), bacteria such as Geobacillus; fungi such as the genus Neurospora, the genus Penicillium, the genus Rhizomucor, the genus Rhizopus, the genus Sclerotinia; and the actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces.
- bacteria such as Geobacillus
- fungi such as the genus Neurospora, the genus Penicillium, the genus Rhizomucor, the genus Rhizopus, the genus Sclerotinia
- actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces may be used singly or in combination.
- the enzymatic agent is used so that the starch gelatinization power of amylase per 1 g of starch is 8 U or less for the protease activity of 100,000 U per 1 g of vegetable protein. From the viewpoint of further increasing the stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides, 1 g of starch for 100,000 U of protease activity per 1 g of vegetable protein.
- the starch paste refinement power per unit is preferably 7 U or less, more preferably 6.5 U or less, still more preferably 5.5 U or less, still more preferably 4.5 U or less, still more preferably 3.5 U or less or 2 U or less. is mentioned.
- the lower limit of the range of starch refinement power per 1 g of starch for protease activity of 100,000 U per 1 g of vegetable protein is 0 U or more.
- the starch gelatinization power per 1 g of starch is 0 U with respect to the protease activity of 100,000 U per 1 g of vegetable protein.
- the starch gelatinizing power per 1 g of starch with respect to 100,000 U of protease activity per 1 g of vegetable protein is more than 0 U, preferably 0.5 U or more, more preferably. 1 U or more, more preferably 1.5 U or more, 2 U or more, or 3 U or more.
- the protease activity is measured by the Folin method using casein as a substrate. Specifically, an enzymatic reaction is performed using casein as a substrate by a conventional method, and a Folin's reagent solution coloring substance equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of tyrosine per minute is obtained. 1 unit (1 U) is the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in the enzyme activity.
- the starch refinement power is an enzymatic activity in which the amount of enzyme that reduces the coloration of potato starch due to iodine by 10% per minute is defined as 1 unit (1U).
- peptidase treatment step in addition to the protease treatment step, it is treated with peptidase. It is preferable to further include a step (hereinafter also referred to as "peptidase treatment step").
- the peptidase treatment step may be performed simultaneously with the protease treatment step, or may be performed after the protease treatment step.
- a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch may be treated with both the protease and the peptidase at the same time, or a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch may be treated with Alternatively, after the treatment with protease, the treatment with peptidase may be further performed.
- peptidase refers to exo-type peptidase.
- the origin of the peptidase is not particularly limited, for example, peptidases derived from fungi such as the genus Rhizopus and the genus Aspergillus; peptidases derived from actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces; the genus Bacillus and Geobacillus. (Geobacillus), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Lactococcus (Lactococcus) bacteria-derived peptidases can be used, more specifically, fungi such as Rhizopus (Rhizopus), Aspergillus (Aspergillus), etc. Peptidases derived from Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae can be used more specifically. One of these peptidases may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- Rhizopus-derived peptidases are preferable, Peptidases derived from Rhizopus oryzae are more preferred.
- the peptidase can be used so that the peptidase activity per 1 g of vegetable protein is, for example, 0.001 to 1 U. From the viewpoint of further enhancing stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and/or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to the above viewpoint, the peptidase has a peptidase activity per 1 g of vegetable protein of, for example, 0.5.
- 002 to 0.8 U preferably 0.0025 to 0.7 U, more preferably 0.003 to 0.6 U, still more preferably 0.0035 to 0.4 U, still more preferably 0.0035 to 0.3 U, more More preferably 0.004-0.25U, 0.004-0.02U, 0.004-0.01U, 0.004-0.008U, 0.004-0.006U, 0.01-0.25U , 0.02-0.25 U, 0.03-0.25 U, 0.04-0.25 U, 0.05-0.25 U, 0.1-0.25 U, or 0.2-0.25 U can be used as
- the peptidase activity shall be measured using L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine as a substrate and by a method based on the 9th edition of the Japanese Code of Food Additives. Specifically, L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine as a substrate
- the enzymatic activity is defined as 1 unit (1 U) of the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in ninhydrin coloring substance corresponding to 1 ⁇ mol of leucine per minute when an enzymatic reaction is performed by a conventional method.
- protease treatment step such as treatment conditions and the optional peptidase treatment step are not particularly limited as long as the substance to be treated with the enzyme is in contact with the enzyme.
- a material composition may be prepared and then protease (or protease and amylase) may be added, or the constituent materials of the material composition and protease (or protease and amylase) may be mixed at the same time.
- the material composition may be prepared, and then the protease (or protease and amylase) and peptidase may be added simultaneously or sequentially, or the constituent materials of the material composition may be added. and protease (or protease and amylase) and peptidase may be mixed simultaneously.
- the temperature in the protease treatment step and, if necessary, the peptidase treatment step is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the optimum temperature of each enzyme used. is mentioned. Also, in the present invention, the treatment temperature can be changed stepwise.
- heating condition 1 is 45 to 70°C, preferably 45 to 60°C, more preferably 45 to 55°C
- heating condition 2 is 70 to 90°C, preferably 80 to 90°C.
- the treatment under the heating condition 2 can be performed.
- the time required for these treatment steps is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the preparation scale of the enzyme-treated object, and is, for example, 10 minutes or longer, preferably 15 minutes or longer.
- the upper limit of the enzymatic treatment reaction time range is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, 6 hours or less, 3 hours or less, 1 hour or less, or 30 minutes or less.
- the treatment under the heating condition 1 is performed for 10 to 30 minutes, and then the treatment under the heating condition 2 is performed for 5 to 10 minutes.
- the treated material composition can be filled into a container and cooled as needed. This gives a stretchy cheese substitute.
- the enzymatic agent containing protease and optionally amylase contains vegetable protein and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein.
- the stretchability can be improved when used so that the starch refinement power per 1g of starch is 8U or less with respect to the protease activity of 100,000U per 1g of vegetable protein. Therefore, the present invention provides a stretchable cheese alternative comprising a vegetable protein, which comprises an enzymatic agent containing protease and optionally amylase, and 0.6 parts by weight or more of starch per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein.
- the starch refinement power of the amylase per 1 g of the starch is 8 U or less for the protease activity of the protease of 100,000 U per 1 g of the vegetable protein.
- a stretchability improver is also provided. From the viewpoint of further improving the stretchability, the stretchability improver of the stretchable cheese substitute preferably further contains a peptidase.
- the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in Folin's test solution coloring substance equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 unit (1 U).
- One unit (1 U) was defined as the amount of enzyme that reduces the iodine-induced coloration of potato starch by 10% per minute.
- 0.1 mL of the sample liquid was weighed into a stoppered test tube and heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes. After cooling, 1 mL of the substrate solution was added and mixed, heated at 37° C. for 5 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature. 2 mL of ninhydrin/2-methoxyethanol/citrate buffer test solution and 0.1 mL of tin (II) chloride test solution were added to this solution, and the solution was stoppered and heated in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes. After cooling, 10 mL of 1-propanol (1 ⁇ 2) was added and shaken to prepare a comparative solution.
- the absorbance of the test solution is greater than that of the comparative solution.
- centrifugation was performed and the supernatant was measured.
- One unit (1 U) was defined as the amount of the enzyme that increased the ninhydrin coloring substance corresponding to 1 ⁇ mol of leucine per minute.
- the percent value of the stretch length in each example was derived as a stretchability improvement evaluation index when the stretch length of the comparative example using no enzymatic agent was taken as 100%.
- the stretchability improvement evaluation index exceeds 100%, it is evaluated that improved stretchability is imparted.
- the larger the stretchability improvement evaluation index the higher the effect of improving the stretchability. Table 3 shows the results.
- Test Example 2 Pure water (RO water), pea protein material, tapioca starch, canola oil, coconut oil, salt, and enzyme agents shown in Tables 4 to 6 were added in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6 Test examples except that A cheese substitute was prepared in the same manner as in 1 and evaluated for stretchability. The results are shown in Tables 4-6. In Table 4, the results of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 of Test Example 1 are transcribed.
- starch is 0.6 parts by weight or more per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein (Examples 3 to 5, Comparative Examples 2 and 3, Examples 7 to 9, Comparative Example 5), the enzyme agent
- the protease activity ([A] value in the table) per 1 g of vegetable protein is 100,000 U
- the starch gelatinizing power ([B] value in the table) per 1 g of starch is 8 U or less.
- the material composition has a specific composition in which the amount of starch is 0.6 parts by weight or more per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein (Examples 3 to 5, Comparative Examples 2 and 3, Examples 7 to 9, Comparative Although it is not clear that only Example 5) is accompanied by a specific restriction on the [B] value for the [A] value of 100,000 U, it is considered as follows.
- protein has the property of absorbing moisture, and a material composition that does not have the specific composition (such as used in Reference Examples 2 to 5, the amount of starch blended is 0 per part by weight of vegetable protein.
- the amount of vegetable protein relative to the amount of starch is large, so the protein can absorb water relative to the amount of starch.
- the amount of starch used in the material composition of a specific composition (Examples 3-5, Comparative Examples 2, 3, Examples 7-9, Comparative Example 5, 0.6 parts by weight or more per 1 part by weight of natural protein, hereinafter referred to as “material composition (2)), since the relative amount of vegetable protein to the amount of starch is small, starch The amount of protein that can absorb water is small relative to the amount.
- starch is reduced by excessive starch sizing power (starch sizing power where the [B] value exceeds 8 U with respect to the [A] value of 100,000 U). Even if the protein is decomposed and becomes less viscous, the protein absorbs enough water to avoid a significant decrease in viscosity, masking the effect of starch gelatinization and completely losing the effect of improving stretchability. (Reference Examples 3 to 5).
- Heat-meltability evaluation was performed using the prepared cheese substitute.
- Commercial frozen pizza dough (7 inches) was cut into pieces and coated with commercial pizza sauce.
- the prepared cheese substitute was placed thereon and cooked in a steam oven at 110° C. for 30 minutes.
- the thermal meltability of the cheese substitute after cooking was evaluated according to the following criteria. Table 7 shows the results.
- ++ Some form of cheese fragment remains.
- +++ The shape of the cheese fragment does not remain.
- the cheese substitute produced using protease As is clear from Table 7, compared to the stretchability of the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 7), the cheese substitute produced using protease (Examples 10 and 11) has improved stretchability. In particular, a more excellent effect of improving the stretchability was observed by using a protease in combination with a peptidase (Example 11). Regarding the heat meltability, the heat meltability was improved in the cheese substitutes produced using protease (Examples 10 and 11) compared to the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 7). By using a peptidase in combination with the protease, even better heat-meltability was exhibited (Example 11).
- the cheese substitutes produced using protease were more hydrophobic than the amount of hydrophobic amino acids in the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 7).
- the amount of amino acids was improved, and in particular, a more excellent effect of increasing the amount of hydrophobic amino acids was observed by using protease in combination with peptidase (Example 11).
- Example 11 bitterness was felt in the cheese substitute of Comparative Example 7, while bitterness was suppressed in the cheese substitute of Example 10. It was confirmed that the cheese substitute of Example 11 lost its bitterness and had a good taste.
- Test Example 4 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), broad bean protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agent shown in Table 8 were added in the amounts shown in Table 8.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- the cheese substitute produced using protease As is clear from Table 8, compared to the stretchability of the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 8), the cheese substitute produced using protease (Example 12.13) has improved stretchability. Among them, a more excellent effect of improving the stretchability was observed by using a protease in combination with a peptidase (Example 13).
- the amount of hydrophobic amino acids compared to the amount of hydrophobic amino acids in the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 8), the cheese substitute produced using protease (Examples 12 and 13) was hydrophobic. The amount of amino acids was improved, and in particular, a more excellent effect of increasing the amount of hydrophobic amino acids was observed by using protease in combination with peptidase (Example 13). It was suggested that
- Test Example 5 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), chickpea protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agents shown in Table 9 were added in the amounts shown in Table 9.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- the cheese substitute produced using protease As is clear from Table 9, compared to the stretchability of the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 9), the cheese substitute produced using protease (Examples 14 and 15) has improved stretchability. In particular, the use of protease in combination with peptidase was found to have an even more excellent effect of improving the stretchability (Example 15).
- the cheese substitute produced using protease Examples 14 and 15 was more hydrophobic than the amount of hydrophobic amino acids in the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 9). The amount of amino acids was improved, and in particular, a more excellent effect of increasing the amount of hydrophobic amino acids was observed by using protease in combination with peptidase (Example 15). It was suggested that
- Test Example 6 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), lentil protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agent shown in Table 10 were added in the amounts shown in Table 10.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- the cheese substitute produced using protease As is clear from Table 10, compared to the stretchability of the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 10), the cheese substitute produced using protease (Examples 16 and 17) has improved stretchability. In particular, the use of protease in combination with peptidase was found to have an even more excellent stretchability-enhancing effect (Example 17). Regarding heat melting property, the cheese substitute produced using protease (Example 16) and the cheese substitute produced using protease in combination with peptidase compared to the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 10). In the product (Example 17), it showed excellent thermal meltability.
- the cheese substitute produced using protease was more hydrophobic than the amount of hydrophobic amino acids in the cheese substitute produced without using protease (Comparative Example 10).
- the amount of amino acids was improved, and in particular, a more excellent effect of increasing the amount of hydrophobic amino acids was observed by using protease in combination with peptidase (Example 17). It was suggested that
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Abstract
Description
項1. 植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤で処理する工程を含み、
前記酵素剤を、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いる、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法。
項2. 前記酵素剤が前記アミラーゼを含み、
前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記澱粉糊精化力が0.5U以上である、項1に記載の製造方法。
項3. 前記プロテアーゼが、細菌由来プロテアーゼである、項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
項4. 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス属及び/又はジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼである、項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項5. 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、バチルス・リケニフォルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)及びこれらのジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼからなる群より選択される、項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項6. 前記酵素剤を、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼ活性が10~500Uとなるように用いる、項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項7. ペプチダーゼで処理する工程を更に含む、項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項8. 前記植物性タンパク質が、エンドウタンパク質、そら豆タンパク質、ひよこ豆タンパク質、及び/又はレンズ豆タンパク質である、項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項9. 前記材料組成物中の前記植物性タンパク質の含有量が、1重量%以上15重量%未満である、項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項10. 前記澱粉がタピオカ澱粉である、項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項11. 前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たりの前記澱粉の含有量が5重量部以下である、項1~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項12. プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤からなる、植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤であって、
前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いられる、ストレッチ性向上剤。
項13. ペプチダーゼを更に含む、項12に記載のストレッチ性向上剤。
本発明のストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法は、植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤で処理する工程(以下において、「プロテアーゼ処理工程」とも記載する。)を含み、前記酵素剤を、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いることを特徴とする。以下、本発明のストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法について詳述する。本発明により、得られるチーズ代替物のストレッチ性を向上させ、若しくは、ストレッチ性の向上に加えて、熱溶融性向上効果及び/又は疎水性ペプチド低減効果(疎水性ペプチド低減効果とは、苦味を呈する疎水性ペプチドを分解して疎水性アミノ酸に代える効果をいう。)をさらに付与することができる。
植物性タンパク質の起源となる植物については特に限定されないが、例えば、エンドウ豆、大豆、そら豆、ひよこ豆、レンズ豆等の豆;大麦、小麦、オーツ麦、米、そば、ひえ、あわ等の穀物;アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ等のナッツ等が挙げられる。これらの植物に由来する植物性タンパク質としては、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、起源の異なる2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記の材料組成物を処理するために用いる酵素剤は、少なくともプロテアーゼを含み、且つ、アミラーゼを含んでいてもよい。酵素剤がアミラーゼを含む場合、アミラーゼは、プロテアーゼ製剤にさらに添加されるものに限らず、プロテアーゼ製剤にブレンドされているもの、その他任意の態様でプロテアーゼと共に用いられる。
プロテアーゼ処理工程、及び必要に応じて行われるペプチダーゼ処理工程における具体的な手順としては、酵素処理対象物と酵素とが接触する限り特に限定されない。例えば、プロテアーゼ処理工程においては、材料組成物を調製し、その後、プロテアーゼ(又はプロテアーゼ及びアミラーゼ)を添加してもよいし、材料組成物の構成材料とプロテアーゼ(又はプロテアーゼ及びアミラーゼ)とを同時に混合してもよい。またプロテアーゼ処理工程及びペプチダーゼ処理工程の組み合わせにおいては、材料組成物を調製し、その後、プロテアーゼ(又はプロテアーゼ及びアミラーゼ)及びペプチダーゼを同時又は逐次的に添加してもよいし、材料組成物の構成材料とプロテアーゼ(又はプロテアーゼ及びアミラーゼ)とペプチダーゼを同時に混合してもよい。
上述の通り、プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤は、植物性タンパク質と、植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造において、植物性タンパク質1g当たりのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、澱粉1g当たりの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いられると、ストレッチ性を向上できる。従って、本発明は、プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤からなる、植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤であって、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いられる、ストレッチ性向上剤も提供する。より一層ストレッチ性を向上させる観点から、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤は、さらに、ペプチダーゼを含むことが好ましい。
(1)プロテアーゼ活性測定法
0.6%(w/v)カゼイン溶液(0.05mol/Lリン酸水素ナトリウム、pH8.0)5mLを、37℃で10分間加温した後、プロテアーゼを含む試料溶液1mLを加え、直ちに振り混ぜた。この液を37℃で10分間放置した後、1.8%トリクロロ酢酸、1.8%酢酸ナトリウム及び0.33mol/L酢酸を含むトリクロロ酢酸試液5mLを加えて振り混ぜ、再び37℃で30分間放置し、ろ過した。初めのろ液3mLを除き、次のろ液2mLを量り、0.55mol/L炭酸ナトリウム試液5mL及びフォリン試液(1→3)1mLを加え、よく振り混ぜ、37℃で30分間放置した。この液(酵素反応液)につき、水を対照とし、波長660nmにおける吸光度ATを測定した。
1%バレイショデンプン基質溶液(0.1mol/L酢酸(pH5.0))10mL を37℃で10分間加温した後、アミラーゼを含む試料溶液1mLを加え、直ちに振り混ぜた。この液を37℃で10分間放置した後、この液1mLを0.1mol/L塩酸試液10mLに加え、直ちに振り混ぜた。次に、この液0.5mLを量り、0.0002mol/Lヨウ素試液(日局)10mLを加え、振り混ぜた後、水を対照とし、波長660nmにおける吸光度(AT)を測定した。別に、試料溶液の代わりに水1mLを加えて同様に操作し、吸光度(AB)を測定した。1分間にバレイショデンプンのヨウ素による呈色を10%減少させる酵素量を1単位(1U)とした。
酵素を適当量量り、水、pH7.0のリン酸カリウム緩衝液(0.005mol/L)又はリン酸カリウム緩衝液(0.005mol/L、pH7.0、硫酸亜鉛含有)を加えて、溶解又は均一に分散して50mLとしたもの、若しくは、これを更に水又は同緩衝液を用いて、10倍、100倍若しくは1000倍に希釈したものを試料液とした。
(1)ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造
純水(RO水)をThermomixミキサに入れ、50℃、スピード3で撹拌しながら、エンドウタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、キャノーラ油、ココナッツ油、塩、及び表3に示す酵素剤を、表3に示す量で添加した。50℃で15分間、スピード3で撹拌した後、85℃に昇温してスピード3で7分間撹拌し、アルミ容器(底内径:直径5cm)1個につき100g、容器3個分充填して、カバーをして4℃まで冷却し、保存した。これによって、チーズ代替物(それぞれの実施例/比較例につき3個ずつ)を得た。
アルミ容器に充填された状態のチーズ代替物をサンプルとし、110℃に設定したスチームオーブンを使用し(加熱時における水分蒸発の影響を排除するため)、30分間加熱した。その後、スチームオーブンから取り出し、サンプルの内部温度が70℃になったのを確認してフォークでかき混ぜた。フォークがサンプルで覆われていることを確認し、フォークでサンプルをすくい上げるようにしてフォーク先端を5cm/秒で持ち上げ、フォーク先端の持ち上げ開始点とサンプルのストレッチが切れた点との距離(ストレッチ長(mm))を測定した。なお、ストレッチ長は、それぞれの実施例/比較例ごとに、作成した3個のサンプルについて同様にして試験して得た平均値として導出した。また、酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を100%とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長のパーセント値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が100%を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表3に示す。
純水(RO水)、エンドウタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、キャノーラ油、ココナッツ油、塩、及び表4~6に示す酵素剤を、表4~6に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製し、ストレッチ性評価を行った。結果を表4~6に示す。表4では、試験例1の比較例1及び実施例1の結果を転記している。
純水(RO水)、エンドウタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、キャノーラ油、ココナッツ油、栄養酵母、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表7に示す酵素剤を、表7に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を1とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長の相対値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が1を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表7に示す。
調製したチーズ代替物を用いて、熱溶融性評価を行った。市販の冷凍ピザ生地(7インチ)を切り分け、市販のピザソースを塗布した。その上に調製したチーズ代替物を乗せ、スチームオーブンで110℃、30分間加熱調理した。加熱調理後のチーズ代替物の熱溶融性について、以下の基準で評価した。結果を表7に示す。
-:チーズ断片の溶融が確認できない。
+:溶融されているがチーズ断片の形がはっきり残っている。
++:チーズ断片の形がやや残っている。
+++:チーズ断片の形が残っていない。
調製したチーズ代替物を用いて、苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。1gのチーズ代替物に1mlの水を入れ、ボルテックスミキサーでホモジナイズした。13000rpm、5分間遠心し、上澄を回収した。回収した上澄をシリンジフィルターを用いてろ過し、HPLC分析用のサンプルとした。HPLCを用いてポストカラムリアクターによるニンヒドリン反応を利用した分析を行い、Gly,Ala,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Phe,Proの合計量(チーズ代替物1g当たりの量(mg)に換算した量として導出した。)を疎水性アミノ酸量として測定した。さらに、対応する比較例(つまり、酵素剤での処理を行わなかったことを除いて同じ条件で調製した例)における疎水性アミノ酸量を1とした場合の相対値を、疎水性アミノ酸量増加率として導出した。疎水性アミノ酸量増加率が高いほど、苦味を呈する疎水性ペプチドがより多くアミノ酸にまで分解されていること、つまり苦味がより低減していることをあらわす。結果を表7に示す。
分析カラム:TSKgel Aminopak
移動相:HITACHI AMINO ACID ANALYSIS Buffer pH1-4
純水(RO水)、ソラマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表8に示す酵素剤を、表8に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を1とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長の相対値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が1を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表8に示す。
試験例3と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表8に示す。
純水(RO水)、ヒヨコマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表9に示す酵素剤を、表9に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を1とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長の相対値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が1を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表9に示す。
試験例3と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表9に示す。
純水(RO水)、レンズマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表10に示す酵素剤を、表10に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を1とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長の相対値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が1を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表10に示す。
試験例3と同様にして熱溶融性評価を行った。結果を表10に示す。
試験例3と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表10に示す。
Claims (13)
- 植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤で処理する工程を含み、
前記酵素剤を、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いる、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法。 - 前記酵素剤が前記アミラーゼを含み、
前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記澱粉糊精化力が0.5U以上である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 前記プロテアーゼが、細菌由来プロテアーゼである、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス属及び/又はジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼである、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、バチルス・リケニフォルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)及びこれらのジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼからなる群より選択される、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記酵素剤を、前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼ活性が10~500Uとなるように用いる、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- ペプチダーゼで処理する工程を更に含む、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質が、エンドウタンパク質、そら豆タンパク質、ひよこ豆タンパク質、及び/又はレンズ豆タンパク質である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記材料組成物中の前記植物性タンパク質の含有量が、1重量%以上15重量%未満である、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記澱粉がタピオカ澱粉である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たりの前記澱粉の含有量が5重量部以下である、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- プロテアーゼを含み且つアミラーゼを含んでいてもよい酵素剤からなる、植物性タンパク質と、前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たり0.6重量部以上の澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤であって、
前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性10万Uに対して、前記澱粉1g当たりの前記アミラーゼの澱粉糊精化力が8U以下となるように用いられる、ストレッチ性向上剤。 - ペプチダーゼを更に含む、請求項12に記載のストレッチ性向上剤。
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US18/547,980 US20240138431A1 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-02-25 | Method for producing stretching cheese substitute |
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