CN113142494A - 一种纳豆及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳豆及其制备方法与应用,涉及食品加工技术领域。本发明所述纳豆的制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)将大豆、青稞碎清洗干净,以水浸泡,沥干水分后进行蒸煮;(2)将米粉、麸皮、豆粉混合均匀,加入水制备成培养料,经灭菌后接入枯草芽孢杆菌,在37±1℃下培养2~5天,取出揉散、干燥;(3)将枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉加入水中,制成菌剂,将菌剂喷入步骤(1)蒸煮后的大豆和青稞碎中,混匀后发酵,得到所述纳豆。以本发明所述方法制备的纳豆可显著提高纳豆激酶的活性,而纳豆激酶具有良好的保健功能,可促进血栓的溶解以及血液循环。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种纳豆及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
纳豆是利用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)发酵大豆,并经过一系列加工工艺而制成的一种传统发酵食品,更是一种药食同源的食品。纳豆具有多种保健功能,包括溶解血栓,促进血液循环,抗癌、抗菌、抗氧化,延缓衰老,预防骨质疏松,改善肠道环境等生理功能。
纳豆激酶,也被称作枯草芽孢杆菌酶,是一种极其有效的溶解血栓的酶。最初是从纳豆中分离出来的,主要是由枯草芽孢杆菌产生的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶。纳豆激酶不仅能够预防和治疗血管栓塞性疾病,也拥有很多的优点,如:食用的安全性高;没有相应的免疫原性;人体可以对其消化吸收。因此,纳豆的保健功能中至关重要的的一点就是纳豆激酶活性的高低。
我国对于利用大豆发酵食品历史悠久,但是我国消费者对纳豆感官的不适应严重限制了我国纳豆产业的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种可提高纳豆激酶活性的纳豆及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案为:一种纳豆的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将大豆、青稞碎清洗干净,以水浸泡,沥干水分后进行蒸煮;
(2)将米粉、麸皮、豆粉混合均匀,加入水制备成培养料,经灭菌后接入枯草芽孢杆菌,在37±1℃下培养2~5天,取出揉散、干燥,得到枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉;
(3)将枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉加入水中,制成菌剂,将菌剂喷入步骤(1)蒸煮后的大豆和青稞碎中,混匀后发酵,得到所述纳豆。
青稞属禾本科大麦属,青稞中蛋白质含量高于小麦水稻和玉米,青稞蛋白质中人体必需的8种氨基酸含量较高,尤其是谷物中普遍缺乏的赖氨酸。青稞富含膳食纤维,其可溶性纤维和总纤维含量均高于其他谷类作物。青稞β-葡聚糖含量居全球大麦之最,对预防心血管疾病、糖尿病等有显著作用。另外青稞中还富含母育酚、黄酮、花青素等酚类物质,这些物质可作为天然抗氧化剂,在抗癌、抗衰老、预防心血管疾病、提高免疫力等方面发挥独特的生理功效。本发明申请人通过实验发现,当在大豆中掺杂青稞作为发酵原料,可以使枯草芽孢杆菌(纳豆菌)中纳豆激酶的酶活活性大幅提升。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,青稞碎的质量为大豆的3~5%,蒸煮条件为:121℃,30~60min,浸泡水温为4~8℃。本发明申请人通过大量实验发现,当青稞碎以上述用量加入大豆中时,制备出的纳豆中纳豆激酶的活性最高,可达600IU/g,相比于大豆,酶活提高了50%以上。选用上述浸泡温度是为了降低大豆和青稞碎的染菌概率,同时,保证制备出的纳豆具有良好的风味。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,米粉、麸皮、豆粉的质量比为40~50:20~30:10~20,三者混合后的质量与水的质量比为1:0.8~1.2;所述灭菌条件为:121℃,30~60min;待温度冷却至40℃以下后再接入枯草芽孢杆菌;所述枯草芽孢杆菌的质量为培养料的0.5~1.5%;干燥条件为:35~40℃,18~28h。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,菌剂中枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉的浓度为0.1~0.3g/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉与蒸煮后的大豆和青稞碎的质量比为1~3g/kg;发酵条件为:37±1℃,20~24h。
同时,本发明还公开了一种由上述方法制备而成的纳豆。
此外,本发明还公开了一种利用上述纳豆制备而成的纳豆制品,所述纳豆制品的制备方法如下:
(1)将权利要求5所述纳豆干燥、粉碎,得到纳豆粉;
(2)将青稞粉炒熟,再加入油,炒至油与青稞粉充分混匀,得到熟制青稞粉;
(3)将纳豆粉、熟制青稞粉和唾液酸粉混合均匀,得到所述纳豆制品。
青稞粉本身也是具备多种保健功能的,其中也包含降血糖和降胆固醇,茶油具备改善心脑血管疾病、降低胆固醇和空腹血糖、抑止甘油三脂的升高的作用,利用茶油炒制青稞粉,将两者结合在一起,可以得到口感不油腻、更具营养价值和风味的熟制青稞粉。
唾液酸是人体内的一种重要单糖,具有多种生物学功能,如神经传递、白细胞分泌、抗病毒或细菌感染等。在降血脂、降胆固醇方面,唾液酸通过改善脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性而大大降低了甘油三酸酯。通过上调胆固醇的反向转运而显着降低血浆总胆固醇。
本发明申请人通过将唾液酸粉、熟制青稞粉和纳豆粉混合,使得最终的纳豆制品既具有保健功能,又可以利用熟制青稞粉的香气遮盖纳豆粉的不良风味。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,采用冷冻真空干燥法进行干燥,温度为-50~-30℃,时间为24~36h;然后将干燥后的纳豆粉碎为粉末。采用冷冻干燥技术可以保留纳豆激酶的活性。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,油为茶油,茶油与青稞粉的质量比为1:15~20;青稞粉的炒制标准为:在锅中炒至呈咖啡色,有熟面香味。采用上述比例可以保证熟制青稞粉颗粒松散,不会黏连,同时又能补充茶油的营养价值,提升产品的风味。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,熟制青稞粉与纳豆粉的质量比为1:9~19,所述唾液酸粉与纳豆粉的质量比为0.1~0.5:100。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
1)将青稞碎与大豆共同作为发酵原料,可以带来两点有益效果:首先,相比于其他发酵原料,青稞能显著提升纳豆激酶的活性。其次,通过对青稞碎的加入比例进行优化,使得纳豆激酶的活性既可以得到最大程度的提升,又不会因为加入量过多而影响固体发酵的通气,对固体发酵产生不良效果。
2)青稞粉具备多种保健功能,茶油也同样具备保健功能,将两者结合起来的方法是在青稞粉炒制时加入茶油,这样做具备以下几点有益效果:首先,青稞粉和茶油以及纳豆激酶在本专利里强调的功效为降血栓和降三高(高血压、高血脂、高血糖),三种物质组合均是围绕着这些功效开展的。将三种物质复配可以使产品发挥更大的功效。其次,茶油在青稞粉中的应用也是比较新颖的,本专利研究出了合适的茶油添加比例,使得茶油的加入可以将青稞粉炒制为咖啡色,有熟面香味且不会因加茶油量过多导致青稞粉黏连成糊状。最后,由于纳豆具备我们国人不喜欢的风味,本专利的改进是加入茶油炒制的青稞粉,利用焦香味和青稞味遮盖纳豆的不良风味,较之加入盐更加符合国人食盐低摄入的理念。
3)唾液酸具备多种保健功能,与本发明制备的纳豆粉、熟制青稞粉混合可以进一步提升产品降血脂、降胆固醇的功效。
附图说明
图1为实施例6所述纳豆制品的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明所述纳豆的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆的制备方法如下:
(1)将大豆、占大豆质量3%的青稞碎清洗干净,在4℃的无菌水中浸泡,沥干水分后在121℃下蒸煮40min;
(2)将米粉、麸皮、豆粉按质量比50:30:20混合均匀,然后加入相同质量的水,混合均匀后作为培养料,在121℃下保温30min后,冷却至40℃以下,接入占培养料质量1%的枯草芽孢杆菌,在37℃下培养3天,然后取出揉散,在40℃下干燥18h,得到枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉;
(3)将1g枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉溶于10mL无菌水中制备菌剂,然后将该菌剂喷撒入1kg步骤(1)蒸煮后的大豆、青稞碎中,在37℃下培养24h,得到所述纳豆。
实施例2
本发明所述纳豆的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,青稞碎的质量为大豆的4%。
实施例3
本发明所述纳豆的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,青稞碎的质量为大豆的5%。
实施例4
本发明所述纳豆的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,青稞碎的质量为大豆的5.5%。
实施例5
本发明所述纳豆的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,青稞碎的质量为大豆的2.5%。
对比例1
一种纳豆,其制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,未添加青稞碎。
对比例2
一种纳豆,其制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,由玉米糁代替青稞碎。
纳豆激酶酶活测试:按照广东省食品安全地方标准(DBS44/013-2019)中附录A纳豆激酶测定方法--紫外分光光度法进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
实施例6
本发明所述纳豆制品的一种实施例,本实施例所述纳豆制品的制备方法如图1所示,具体步骤如下:
(1)利用冷冻真空干燥技术在-30℃下干燥实施例1所述纳豆24h,再用粉碎机将其粉碎为粉末,得到纳豆粉;
(2)将青稞粉炒熟,再加入茶油,炒至茶油与青稞粉充分混匀,冷却得到熟制青稞粉;其中,青稞粉与茶油的质量比为1:18;
(3)将纳豆粉、熟制青稞粉和唾液酸粉以10:1:0.03的质量比混合均匀,得到所述纳豆制品。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,但并不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将大豆、青稞碎清洗干净,以水浸泡,沥干水分后进行蒸煮;
(2)将米粉、麸皮、豆粉混合均匀,加入水制备成培养料,经灭菌后接入枯草芽孢杆菌,在37±1℃下培养2~5天,取出揉散、干燥,得到枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉;
(3)将枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉加入水中,制成菌剂,将菌剂喷入步骤(1)蒸煮后的大豆和青稞碎中,混匀后发酵,得到所述纳豆。
2.如权利要求1所述的纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,青稞碎的质量为大豆的3~5%。
3.如权利要求1所述的纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,米粉、麸皮、豆粉的质量比为40~50:20~30:10~20,三者混合后的质量与水的质量比为1:0.8~1.2;所述枯草芽孢杆菌的质量为培养料的0.5~1.5%;干燥条件为:35~40℃,18~28h。
4.如权利要求1所述的纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,菌剂中枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉的浓度为0.1~0.3g/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉与蒸煮后的大豆和青稞碎的质量比为1~3g/kg;发酵条件为:37±1℃,20~24h。
5.一种纳豆,其特征在于,由如权利要求1~4任一项所述方法制备而成。
6.一种纳豆制品,其特征在于,所述纳豆制品的制备方法如下:
(1)将权利要求5所述纳豆干燥、粉碎,得到纳豆粉;
(2)将青稞粉炒熟,再加入油,炒至油与青稞粉充分混匀,得到熟制青稞粉;
(3)将纳豆粉、熟制青稞粉和唾液酸粉混合均匀,得到所述纳豆制品。
7.如权利要求6所述的纳豆制品,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,采用冷冻真空干燥法进行干燥,温度为-50~-30℃,时间为24~36h;然后将干燥后的纳豆粉碎为粉末。
8.如权利要求6所述的纳豆制品,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,油为茶油,茶油与青稞粉的质量比为1:15~20;青稞粉的炒制标准为:在锅中炒至呈咖啡色,有熟面香味。
9.如权利要求6所述的纳豆制品,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,熟制青稞粉与纳豆粉的质量比为1:9~19,所述唾液酸粉与纳豆粉的质量比为0.1~0.5:100。
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