WO2022181809A1 - ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法 - Google Patents
ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022181809A1 WO2022181809A1 PCT/JP2022/008082 JP2022008082W WO2022181809A1 WO 2022181809 A1 WO2022181809 A1 WO 2022181809A1 JP 2022008082 W JP2022008082 W JP 2022008082W WO 2022181809 A1 WO2022181809 A1 WO 2022181809A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C2240/00—Use or particular additives or ingredients
- A23C2240/15—Use of plant extracts, including purified and isolated derivatives thereof, as ingredient in dairy products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a stretchable cheese substitute. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a heat-stretchable stretchable cheese substitute made from vegetable protein.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a technology for producing a cheese substitute that can impart improved stretchability to a cheese substitute containing vegetable protein and starch.
- the inventors found that adding a protease to a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch improves the stretchability of the resulting cheese substitute.
- the present invention has been completed through further studies based on this finding.
- Section 1 A method for producing a stretchable cheese substitute, comprising the step of treating a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch with a protease.
- Section 2. Item 2. The production method according to item 1, wherein the content of the starch per 1 part by weight of the vegetable protein is 0.1 parts by weight or more and less than 0.6 parts by weight.
- Item 3. Item 3. The production method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the protease is a bacterial protease.
- Section 4. Item 4. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the protease is derived from the genus Bacillus and/or Geobacillus.
- the protease is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and proteases derived from these Geobacillus spp. Item 5. The production method according to any one of items 1 to 4. Item 6. Item 6. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the protease activity of the protease is 10 to 500 U per 1 g of the vegetable protein. Item 7. Item 7. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 6, further comprising a step of treating with peptidase. Item 8. Item 8.
- Item 9. Item 9. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the content of the vegetable protein in the material composition is 15 to 30% by weight.
- Item 10. Item 10. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 9, wherein the starch is tapioca starch.
- Item 11 A stretch enhancer for stretch cheese substitutes comprising vegetable protein and starch, including proteases.
- a technique for producing a cheese substitute that can impart improved stretchability to a cheese substitute containing vegetable protein and starch.
- the method for producing a stretchable cheese substitute of the present invention includes a step of treating a material composition containing a vegetable protein and starch with a protease (hereinafter also referred to as a “protease treatment step”). ) is included.
- the method for producing the stretchable cheese substitute of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the stretchability of the obtained cheese substitute is improved, or in addition to the improvement of stretchability, the heat meltability improvement effect and / or the hydrophobic peptide reduction effect (hydrophobic peptide reduction effect means bitterness It refers to the effect of degrading a presenting hydrophobic peptide and replacing it with a hydrophobic amino acid.) can be further imparted.
- Material composition containing vegetable protein and starch The plant from which the vegetable protein is derived is not particularly limited, but for example, beans such as peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, and lentils; Cereals such as rice, buckwheat, millet and millet; nuts such as almonds, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, Brazil nuts, peanuts and coconuts.
- beans such as peas, soybeans, broad beans, chickpeas, and lentils
- Cereals such as rice, buckwheat, millet and millet
- nuts such as almonds, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, Brazil nuts, peanuts and coconuts.
- vegetable proteins derived from these plants one type may be used alone, or two or more types having different origins may be used in combination.
- bean proteins are preferable.
- the content of vegetable protein in the material composition is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 30% by weight. From the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint, the content of vegetable protein in the material composition is Preferably 4 to 25 wt%, 4 to 22 wt%, more preferably 9 to 21 wt%, 9 to 20 wt%, still more preferably 14 to 20 wt%, still more preferably 16 to 19 wt%, still more preferably is 17 to 18% by weight.
- the plant from which starch is derived is not particularly limited as long as it can impart stretchability to the cheese substitute, but examples include cassava, potato, sweet potato, and kudzu.
- starch derived from these plants one type may be used alone, or two or more types having different origins may be used in combination.
- cassava starch (tapioca starch) is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint. mentioned.
- the content of starch in the material composition is not particularly limited as long as stretchability can be imparted, but examples include 4% by weight or more. From the viewpoint of further improving the stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving the heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing the hydrophobic peptide, the content of starch in the material composition is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 6% by weight or more, still more preferably 7% by weight or more, even more preferably 8% by weight or more, 9% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 11% by weight or more, 12% by weight or more, or 13% by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content range of starch in the material composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of appropriately blending a predetermined amount of vegetable protein, for example, 20% by weight or less can be mentioned.
- the production method of the present invention is excellent in the effect of improving the stretchability, the stretchability can be effectively improved even when the starch content is relatively small.
- the upper limit of the starch content range in the material composition is preferably 17% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, still more preferably 13% by weight or less, and even more preferably 11% by weight. Below, more preferably 9% by weight or less is mentioned.
- the content of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is determined by the content of each component described above, and is, for example, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the content of starch per 1 part by weight of vegetable protein is determined by the content of each component described above, and is, for example, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the material composition can contain any material component (hereinafter also referred to as "other material component") used for cheese substitutes as a component other than vegetable protein and starch.
- other material components include vegetable oils and fats, polysaccharide thickeners, water, and salt.
- Vegetable oils and fats are not particularly limited, but examples include canola oil (rapeseed oil), coconut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, walnut oil, almond oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, safflower oil, and flax. Seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm fruit oil, babassu oil, shea butter, mango butter, cocoa butter, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil and the like. These vegetable oils and fats may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Canola oil (rapeseed oil) and coconut oil are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint.
- canola oil (rapeseed oil) and coconut oil are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides
- the content of the vegetable oil in the material composition is not particularly limited. Or from the viewpoint of further imparting a hydrophobic peptide reduction effect, for example, 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 8 to 25% by weight, more preferably 10 to 20% by weight, even more preferably 10 to 17% by weight, 12 to 17% by weight %, 12-14% by weight, or 14-17% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and vegetable oil is determined by the content of each component described above.
- Polysaccharide thickeners are not particularly limited, but examples include locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, tamarind seed gum, pectin, gum arabic, curdlan, tara gum, gellan gum, gati gum, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), and alginic acid. Examples include sodium and pullulan, preferably carrageenan. These polysaccharide thickeners may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Carrageenan is preferred from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting an effect of improving heat meltability and/or an effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to the above viewpoint.
- the content of the polysaccharide thickener in the material composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to the viewpoint, heat meltability From the viewpoint of further imparting an improvement effect and/or a hydrophobic peptide reduction effect, it is, for example, 0.3 to 1.8% by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.2% by weight.
- the content ratio of the vegetable protein and the polysaccharide thickener is determined by the content of each of the components described above. 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.04 to 0.12 parts by weight.
- the water content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides. From the viewpoint of further imparting, for example, 30 to 72 wt%, 35 to 72 wt%, preferably 40 to 72 wt%, 45 to 72 wt%, 50 to 72 wt%, 55 to 70 wt%, more preferably 62 to 68% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and water is determined by the content of each component described above. 3 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 6 to 13 parts by weight, 6 to 9 parts by weight, or 9 to 13 parts by weight.
- the content of salt is not particularly limited, but the viewpoint of further improving stretchability, or in addition to this viewpoint, the effect of improving heat meltability and / or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides. From the viewpoint of further imparting, it is, for example, 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 0.5% by weight.
- the content ratio of vegetable protein and salt is determined by the content of each component described above. 0.01 to 0.12 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.12 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.1 parts by weight, 0.02 to 0.09 parts by weight, more preferably 0.03 to 0.09 parts by weight parts by weight, 0.03 to 0.06 parts by weight, or 0.06 to 0.09 parts by weight.
- protease refers to endo-peptidase.
- the origin of the protease used for treating the above material composition is not particularly limited, for example, protease derived from bacteria such as Bacillus, Geobacillus, etc.; Aspergillus, Mucor ), Neurospora, Penicillium, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Sclerotinia, etc.; yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces Protease derived from: A protease derived from an actinomycete belonging to the genus Streptomyces can be used. One of these proteases may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- proteases derived from bacteria are preferred from the viewpoint of further enhancing stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting an effect of improving heat melting property and/or an effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to this viewpoint.
- proteases derived from the genus Bacillus and/or Geobacillus more preferably Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens) and proteases derived from the genus Geobacillus, more preferably Bacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and particularly preferably Geobacillus stearophilus thermophilus.
- the protease can be used so that the protease activity per 1 g of vegetable protein is, for example, 10 to 500 U.
- the protease preferably has a protease activity of 30 per 1 g of vegetable protein. ⁇ 500U, more preferably 50-500U, more preferably 80-500U. Since the production method of the present invention is excellent in the stretchability-improving effect, it is possible to effectively obtain the stretchability-improving effect even with a relatively small amount of protease.
- the protease may be used so that the protease activity per gram of vegetable protein is, for example, 10-400 U, 10-300 U, 10-200 U, 10-150 U, or 10-100 U.
- the protease activity is measured by the Folin method using casein as a substrate. Specifically, an enzymatic reaction is performed using casein as a substrate by a conventional method, and a Folin's test solution coloring substance equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of tyrosine per minute is obtained. 1 unit (1 U) is the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in the enzyme activity.
- Peptidase treatment step treatment with peptidase in addition to the protease treatment step is performed.
- the peptidase treatment step may be performed simultaneously with the protease treatment step, or may be performed after the protease treatment step.
- a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch may be treated with both the protease and the peptidase at the same time, or a material composition containing vegetable protein and starch may be treated with Alternatively, after the treatment with protease, the treatment with peptidase may be further performed.
- peptidase refers to exo-type peptidase.
- the origin of the peptidase is not particularly limited, for example, peptidases derived from fungi such as the genus Rhizopus and the genus Aspergillus; peptidases derived from actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces; the genus Bacillus and Geobacillus. (Geobacillus), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Lactococcus (Lactococcus) bacteria-derived peptidases can be used, more specifically, fungi such as Rhizopus (Rhizopus), Aspergillus (Aspergillus), etc. Peptidases derived from Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae can be used more specifically. One of these peptidases may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- Rhizopus-derived peptidases are preferable, Peptidases derived from Rhizopus oryzae are more preferred.
- the peptidase can be used so that the peptidase activity per 1 g of vegetable protein is, for example, 0.001 to 1 U. From the viewpoint of further enhancing stretchability, or from the viewpoint of further imparting the effect of improving heat meltability and/or the effect of reducing hydrophobic peptides in addition to the above viewpoint, the peptidase has a peptidase activity per 1 g of vegetable protein of, for example, 0.5.
- 002 to 0.8 U preferably 0.0025 to 0.7 U, more preferably 0.003 to 0.6 U, still more preferably 0.0035 to 0.4 U, still more preferably 0.0035 to 0.3 U, more More preferably 0.004-0.25U, 0.004-0.02U, 0.004-0.01U, 0.004-0.008U, 0.004-0.006U, 0.01-0.25U , 0.02-0.25 U, 0.03-0.25 U, 0.04-0.25 U, 0.05-0.25 U, 0.1-0.25 U, or 0.2-0.25 U can be used as
- the peptidase activity shall be measured using L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine as a substrate and by a method based on the 9th edition of the Japanese Code of Food Additives. Specifically, L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine as a substrate
- the enzymatic activity is defined as 1 unit (1 U) of the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in ninhydrin coloring substance corresponding to 1 ⁇ mol of leucine per minute when an enzymatic reaction is performed by a conventional method.
- protease treatment step such as treatment conditions and the optional peptidase treatment step are not particularly limited as long as the substance to be treated with the enzyme is in contact with the enzyme.
- a material composition may be prepared and then protease added, or the constituent materials of the material composition and protease may be mixed at the same time.
- the material composition may be prepared and then the protease and the peptidase may be added simultaneously or sequentially, or the constituent materials of the material composition, the protease and the peptidase may be added at the same time. May be mixed.
- the temperature in the protease treatment step and, if necessary, the peptidase treatment step is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the optimum temperature of each enzyme used. are mentioned. Also, in the present invention, the treatment temperature can be changed stepwise.
- heating condition 1 is 45 to 70°C, preferably 45 to 60°C, more preferably 45 to 55°C
- heating condition 2 is 70 to 90°C, preferably 80 to 90°C.
- the treatment under the heating condition 2 can be performed.
- the time required for these treatment steps is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the preparation scale of the enzyme-treated object, and is, for example, 10 minutes or longer, preferably 15 minutes or longer.
- the upper limit of the enzymatic treatment reaction time range is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, 6 hours or less, 3 hours or less, 1 hour or less, or 30 minutes or less.
- the treatment under the heating condition 1 is performed for 10 to 30 minutes, and then the treatment under the heating condition 2 is performed for 5 to 10 minutes.
- the treated material composition can be filled into a container and cooled as needed. This gives a stretchy cheese substitute.
- the present invention also provides a stretch enhancer for stretch cheese substitutes comprising vegetable protein and starch, including proteases.
- the stretchability improver of the stretchable cheese substitute preferably further contains a peptidase.
- the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in Folin's test solution coloring substance equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 unit (1 U).
- [Peptidase activity measurement method] Weigh an appropriate amount of the enzyme, add water, pH 7.0 potassium phosphate buffer (0.005 mol/L) or potassium phosphate buffer (0.005 mol/L, pH 7.0, containing zinc sulfate) to dissolve. Alternatively, a sample solution was prepared by uniformly dispersing the sample solution to 50 mL, or by further diluting it 10-fold, 100-fold or 1000-fold with water or the same buffer.
- 0.1 mL of the sample liquid was weighed into a stoppered test tube and heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes. After cooling, 1 mL of the substrate solution was added and mixed, heated at 37° C. for 5 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature. 2 mL of ninhydrin/2-methoxyethanol/citrate buffer test solution and 0.1 mL of tin (II) chloride test solution were added to this solution, and the solution was stoppered and heated in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes. After cooling, 10 mL of 1-propanol (1 ⁇ 2) was added and shaken to prepare a comparative solution.
- the absorbance of the test solution is greater than that of the comparative solution.
- centrifugation was performed and the supernatant was measured.
- One unit (1 U) was defined as the amount of the enzyme that increased the ninhydrin coloring substance corresponding to 1 ⁇ mol of leucine per minute.
- the relative value of the stretch length in each example when the stretch length of the comparative example using no enzymatic agent was set to 1 was derived as a stretchability improvement evaluation index.
- the stretch length of the comparative example is " ⁇ 10"
- the stretch length was assumed to be 1 cm for the sake of convenience.
- the stretchability improvement evaluation index exceeds 1, it is evaluated that improved stretchability is imparted.
- the larger the stretchability improvement evaluation index the higher the effect of improving the stretchability. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 4 compared with Examples 5 and 6, and Example 7 compared with Examples 8 and 9, among proteases, Geobacillus - In the cheese substitutes (Examples 1, 3, 4, and 7) produced using the stearothermophilus-derived protease (Samoase GL30), a much more excellent effect of improving stretchability was observed.
- Heat-meltability evaluation was performed using the prepared cheese substitute.
- Commercial frozen pizza dough (7 inches) was cut into pieces and coated with commercial pizza sauce.
- the prepared cheese substitute was placed thereon and cooked in a steam oven at 110° C. for 30 minutes.
- the thermal meltability of the cheese substitute after cooking was evaluated according to the following criteria. Table 4 shows the results.
- ++ Some form of cheese fragment remains.
- +++ The shape of the cheese fragment does not remain.
- Examples 10 to 13 Compared to the stretchability of the cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 5 and 6), the cheese substitutes produced using protease (Examples 10 to 13) exhibited stretchability. Among them, as shown in Example 11 compared with Example 10 and Example 13 compared with Example 12, by using a peptidase in combination with a protease, an even more excellent stretchability improvement effect is obtained. Yes (Examples 11, 13). Regarding heat melting properties, the cheese substitutes produced using protease or the combined use of protease and peptidase exhibited superior heat melting properties compared to cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 5 and 6). (Examples 10-13).
- Test Example 3 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), broad bean protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agent shown in Table 5 were added in the amounts shown in Table 5.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- Examples 14-19 Compared with the stretchability of the cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 7-9), the cheese substitutes produced using protease (Examples 14-19) exhibited stretchability. Among them, as shown in Examples 15, 17, and 19, which are respectively contrasted with Examples 14, 16, and 18, by using a protease in combination with a peptidase, an even more excellent effect of improving stretchability was observed. (Examples 15, 17, 19). Regarding heat melting properties, the cheese substitutes produced using protease or the combined use of protease and peptidase exhibited superior heat melting properties compared to cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 8 and 9). (Examples 16-19).
- Test Example 4 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), chickpea protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agent shown in Table 6 were added in the amounts shown in Table 6.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- Test Example 5 Same as Test Example 1, except that pure water (RO water), lentil protein material, tapioca starch, coconut oil, ⁇ -carrageenan, salt, and the enzymatic agent shown in Table 7 were added in the amounts shown in Table 7.
- a cheese substitute was prepared by
- Examples 26-29 Compared with the stretchability of the cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 13 and 14), the cheese substitutes produced using protease (Examples 26-29) exhibited stretchability. Among them, as shown in Example 27 compared with Example 26 and Example 29 compared with Example 28, by using a peptidase in combination with a protease, an even more excellent stretchability improvement effect is obtained. Yes (Examples 27, 29). Regarding heat melting properties, the cheese substitutes produced using protease or the combined use of protease and peptidase exhibited superior heat melting properties compared to cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 13 and 14). (Examples 26-29).
- Examples 26-29 Regarding the amount of hydrophobic amino acids, compared to the amount of hydrophobic amino acids in cheese substitutes produced without using protease (Comparative Examples 13 and 14), cheese substitutes produced using protease (Examples 26-29) The amount of hydrophobic amino acids is improved, and among them, as shown in Example 27 compared with Example 26 and Example 29 compared with Example 28, by using a protease in combination with a peptidase, even more excellent hydrophobicity The effect of increasing the amount of volatile amino acids was observed (Examples 27 and 29), suggesting the reduction of hydrophobic peptides that cause bitterness.
Abstract
Description
項1. 植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼで処理する工程を含む、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法。
項2. 前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たりの前記澱粉の含有量が0.1重量部以上0.6重量部未満である、項1に記載の製造方法。
項3. 前記プロテアーゼが、細菌由来プロテアーゼである、項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
項4. 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス属及び/又はジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼである、項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項5. 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、バチルス・リケニフォルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)、バチルス・アミロリクエファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)及びこれらのジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼからなる群より選択される、項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項6. 前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性が10~500Uである、項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項7. ペプチダーゼで処理する工程を更に含む、項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項8. 前記植物性タンパク質が、エンドウタンパク質、そら豆タンパク質、ひよこ豆タンパク質、及び/又はレンズ豆タンパク質である、項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項9. 前記材料組成物中の前記植物性タンパク質の含有量が、15~30重量%である、項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項10. 前記澱粉がタピオカ澱粉である、項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項11. プロテアーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤。
項12. ペプチダーゼを更に含む、項11に記載のストレッチ性向上剤。
本発明のストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法は、植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼで処理する工程(以下において、「プロテアーゼ処理工程」とも記載する。)を含むことを特徴とする。以下、本発明のストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法について詳述する。本発明により、得られるチーズ代替物のストレッチ性を向上させ、若しくは、ストレッチ性の向上に加えて、熱溶融性向上効果及び/又は疎水性ペプチド低減効果(疎水性ペプチド低減効果とは、苦味を呈する疎水性ペプチドを分解して疎水性アミノ酸に代える効果をいう。)をさらに付与することができる。
植物性タンパク質の起源となる植物については特に限定されないが、例えば、エンドウ豆、大豆、そら豆、ひよこ豆、レンズ豆等の豆;大麦、小麦、オーツ麦、米、そば、ひえ、あわ等の穀物;アーモンド、カシューナッツ、ヘーゼルナッツ、ペカンナッツ、マカダミアナッツ、ピスタチオ、クルミ、ブラジルナッツ、ピーナッツ、ココナッツ等のナッツ等が挙げられる。これらの植物に由来する植物性タンパク質としては、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、起源の異なる2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明において、プロテアーゼとは、エンド型ペプチダーゼを指す。上記の材料組成物を処理するために用いるプロテアーゼの由来については特に限定されないが、例えば、バチルス(Bacillus)属、ジオバチルス(Geobacillus)属等の細菌由来のプロテアーゼ;アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、ムコール(Mucor)属、ニューロスポーラ(Neurospora)属、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、リゾムコール(Rhizomucor)属、リゾープス(Rhizopus)属、スクレロティニア(Sclerotinia)属等の真菌由来のプロテアーゼ;サッカロミセス(Saccharomyces)属の酵母由来のプロテアーゼ;ストレプトミセス(Streptomyces)属の放線菌由来のプロテアーゼを用いることができる。これらのプロテアーゼは、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明は、ストレッチ性をより一層向上させる観点、若しくは当該観点に加えて、熱溶融性向上効果及び/又は疎水性ペプチド低減効果をさらに付与する観点から、プロテアーゼ処理工程に加え、ペプチダーゼで処理する工程(以下において、「ペプチダーゼ処理工程」とも記載する。)をさらに含むことが好ましい。
プロテアーゼ処理工程、及び必要に応じて行われるペプチダーゼ処理工程における具体的な手順としては、酵素処理対象物と酵素とが接触する限り特に限定されない。例えば、プロテアーゼ処理工程においては、材料組成物を調製し、その後、プロテアーゼを添加してもよいし、材料組成物の構成材料とプロテアーゼとを同時に混合してもよい。またプロテアーゼ処理工程及びペプチダーゼ処理工程の組み合わせにおいては、材料組成物を調製し、その後、プロテアーゼ及びペプチダーゼを同時又は逐次的に添加してもよいし、材料組成物の構成材料とプロテアーゼとペプチダーゼを同時に混合してもよい。
上述の通り、プロテアーゼは、植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造において、ストレッチ性を向上できる。従って、本発明は、プロテアーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤も提供する。より一層ストレッチ性を向上させる観点から、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤は、さらに、ペプチダーゼを含むことが好ましい。
0.6%(w/v)カゼイン溶液(0.05mol/Lリン酸水素ナトリウム、pH8.0)5mLを、37℃で10分間加温した後、プロテアーゼを含む試料溶液1mLを加え、直ちに振り混ぜた。この液を37℃で10分間放置した後、1.8%トリクロロ酢酸、1.8%酢酸ナトリウム及び0.33mol/L酢酸を含むトリクロロ酢酸試液5mLを加えて振り混ぜ、再び37℃で30分間放置し、ろ過した。初めのろ液3mLを除き、次のろ液2mLを量り、0.55mol/L炭酸ナトリウム試液5mL及びフォリン試液(1→3)1mLを加え、よく振り混ぜ、37℃で30分間放置した。この液(酵素反応液)につき、水を対照とし、波長660nmにおける吸光度ATを測定した。
酵素を適当量量り、水、pH7.0のリン酸カリウム緩衝液(0.005mol/L)又はリン酸カリウム緩衝液(0.005mol/L、pH7.0、硫酸亜鉛含有)を加えて、溶解又は均一に分散して50mLとしたもの、若しくは、これを更に水又は同緩衝液を用いて、10倍、100倍又は1000倍に希釈したものを試料液とした。
(1)ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造
純水(RO水)をThermomixミキサに入れ、50℃、スピード3で撹拌しながら、エンドウタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、キャノーラ油、ココナッツ油、塩、及び表3に示す酵素剤を、表3に示す量で添加した。50℃で15分間、スピード3で撹拌した後、85℃に昇温してスピード3で7分間撹拌し、アルミ容器(底内径:直径5cm)1個につき100g、容器3個分充填して、カバーをして4℃まで冷却し、保存した。これによって、チーズ代替物(それぞれの実施例/比較例につき3個ずつ)を得た。
アルミ容器に充填された状態のチーズ代替物をサンプルとし、110℃に設定したスチームオーブンを使用し(加熱時における水分蒸発の影響を排除するため)、30分間加熱した。その後、スチームオーブンから取り出し、サンプルの内部温度が70℃になったのを確認してフォークでかき混ぜた。フォークがサンプルで覆われていることを確認し、フォークでサンプルをすくい上げるようにしてフォーク先端を5cm/秒で持ち上げ、フォーク先端の持ち上げ開始点とサンプルのストレッチが切れた点との距離(ストレッチ長(mm))を測定した。なお、ストレッチ長は、それぞれの実施例/比較例ごとに、作成した3個のサンプルについて同様にして試験して得た平均値として導出した。また、ストレッチ性が全く認められなかった場合については、ストレッチ長を「<10」とした。さらに、酵素剤を用いない比較例のストレッチ長を1とした場合の各実施例におけるストレッチ長の相対値を、ストレッチ性向上評価指数として導出した。比較例のストレッチ長が「<10」である場合については、便宜上、ストレッチ長を1cmと仮定して導出した。ストレッチ性向上評価指数が1を超えると、向上したストレッチ性が付与されたと評価される。また、ストレッチ性向上評価指数が大きいほど、ストレッチ性の向上効果が高いと評価される。結果を表3に示す。
純水(RO水)、エンドウタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、キャノーラ油、栄養酵母、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表4に示す酵素剤を、表4に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
調製したチーズ代替物を用いて、熱溶融性評価を行った。市販の冷凍ピザ生地(7インチ)を切り分け、市販のピザソースを塗布した。その上に調製したチーズ代替物を乗せ、スチームオーブンで110℃、30分間加熱調理した。加熱調理後のチーズ代替物の熱溶融性について、以下の基準で評価した。結果を表4に示す。
-:チーズ断片の溶融が確認できない。
+:溶融されているがチーズ断片の形がはっきり残っている。
++:チーズ断片の形がやや残っている。
+++:チーズ断片の形が残っていない。
調製したチーズ代替物を用いて、苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。1gのチーズ代替物に1mlの水を入れ、ボルテックスミキサーでホモジナイズした。13000rpm、5分間遠心し、上澄を回収した。回収した上澄をシリンジフィルターを用いてろ過し、HPLC分析用のサンプルとした。HPLCを用いてポストカラムリアクターによるニンヒドリン反応を利用した分析を行い、Gly,Ala,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Phe,Proの合計量(チーズ代替物1g当たりの量(mg)に換算した量として導出した。)を疎水性アミノ酸量として測定した。さらに、対応する比較例(つまり、酵素剤での処理を行わなかったことを除いて同じ条件で調製した例)における疎水性アミノ酸量を1とした場合の相対値を、疎水性アミノ酸量増加率として導出した。疎水性アミノ酸量増加率が高いほど、苦味を呈する疎水性ペプチドがより多くアミノ酸にまで分解されていること、つまり苦味がより低減していることをあらわす。結果を表4に示す。
分析カラム:TSKgel Aminopak
移動相:HITACHI AMINO ACID ANALYSIS Buffer pH1-4
純水(RO水)、ソラマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表5に示す酵素剤を、表5に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
一部の比較例及び実施例について、試験例2と同様にして熱溶融性評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
試験例2と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表5に示す。
純水(RO水)、ヒヨコマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表6に示す酵素剤を、表6に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
試験例2と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表6に示す。
純水(RO水)、レンズマメタンパク質材料、タピオカ澱粉、ココナッツ油、κ-カラギーナン、塩、及び表7に示す酵素剤を、表7に示す量で添加したことを除いて、試験例1と同様にしてチーズ代替物を調製した。
試験例1と同様にしてストレッチ性評価を行った。結果を表7に示す。
試験例2と同様にして熱溶融性評価を行った。結果を表7に示す。
試験例2と同様にして苦味ペプチド低減評価のため疎水性アミノ酸の増加を調べた。結果を表7に示す。
Claims (12)
- 植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含む材料組成物を、プロテアーゼで処理する工程を含む、ストレッチ性チーズ代替物の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質1重量部当たりの前記澱粉の含有量が0.1重量部以上0.6重量部未満である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、細菌由来プロテアーゼである、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス属及び/又はジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼである、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、バチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(Bacillus stearothermophilus)、バチルス・リケニフォルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)、バチルス・アミロリクエファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)及びこれらのジオバチルス属由来のプロテアーゼからなる群より選択される、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質1g当たりの前記プロテアーゼのプロテアーゼ活性が10~500Uである、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- ペプチダーゼで処理する工程を更に含む、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質が、エンドウタンパク質、そら豆タンパク質、ひよこ豆タンパク質、及び/又はレンズ豆タンパク質である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記材料組成物中の前記植物性タンパク質の含有量が、15~30重量%である、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記澱粉がタピオカ澱粉である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- プロテアーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質と澱粉とを含むストレッチ性チーズ代替物のストレッチ性向上剤。
- ペプチダーゼを更に含む、請求項11に記載のストレッチ性向上剤。
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WO2023228954A1 (ja) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-30 | アマノ エンザイム ユーエスエー カンパニー,リミテッド | 植物性チーズの製造方法 |
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