WO2022054956A1 - 粘度指数向上剤及び潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
粘度指数向上剤及び潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022054956A1 WO2022054956A1 PCT/JP2021/033640 JP2021033640W WO2022054956A1 WO 2022054956 A1 WO2022054956 A1 WO 2022054956A1 JP 2021033640 W JP2021033640 W JP 2021033640W WO 2022054956 A1 WO2022054956 A1 WO 2022054956A1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJZULWUXNKDPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)CO LJZULWUXNKDPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- MDVPRIBCAFEROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC=CO MDVPRIBCAFEROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CO AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940113162 oleylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- RDBIUAWRTBNJHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCC=COP(O)(O)=O RDBIUAWRTBNJHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DBSDMAPJGHBWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBPYFGWSQQFVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-1,15-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO ZBPYFGWSQQFVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YCGHMIAXHZJKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(=C)OP(O)(O)=O YCGHMIAXHZJKML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFKRSSJJDQIILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC=COP(O)(O)=O XFKRSSJJDQIILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC=C DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC=C RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006233 propoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006225 propoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLKZJJVNBQCVIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane-1,14-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO XLKZJJVNBQCVIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- IOYXJNDDBALLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CO IOYXJNDDBALLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUMVVNKGNPPUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)CO BUMVVNKGNPPUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
- C08F279/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1818—C13or longer chain (meth)acrylate, e.g. stearyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/01—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/68—Shear stability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a viscosity index improver and a lubricating oil composition.
- the viscosity of 150 ° C. HTHS is specified to be 2.3 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the grade is specified to have a viscosity characteristic at low temperature of 12 or less, which is called a gelation index, in order to guarantee startability in cold regions. If the value of the gelation index is high, the engine oil tends to gel at a low temperature, and the startability of the engine deteriorates. With regard to fuel saving, engine oils that meet the above standards and have lower HTHS viscosities in the effective temperature range of 100 ° C and lower kinematic viscosities in the low temperature range, especially 40 ° C, are required.
- Japanese Patent No. 6060311 Japanese Patent No. 2732187 Japanese Patent No. 2754343 Japanese Patent No. 3831203
- Japanese Patent No. 3999307 Japanese Patent No. 3474918 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-546894 Special Table 2010-532805 Gazette
- the present invention has a good gelling index of a lubricating oil composition to which a viscosity index improver is added, and can obtain a lubricating oil composition having excellent HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improver and a lubricating oil composition containing the same.
- the present invention is a polyolefin-based monomer (a) represented by the following general formula (1) and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2) in which R4 is an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.
- a monomer (b) is contained as a constituent monomer, and the monomer (c) represented by the following general formula (3) and / or the monomer represented by the following general formula (2).
- a viscosity index improver comprising a copolymer (A) containing a monomer (d) in which R4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms as a constituent monomer, and an ester oil (Z);
- the viscosity index improver a detergent, a dispersant, an antioxidant, an oiliness improver, a flow point lowering agent, a friction wear adjuster, an extreme pressure agent, an antifoaming agent, an anti-emulsifying agent, a metal deactivator and a corrosion inhibitor.
- It is a lubricating oil composition containing at least one additive selected from the group consisting of.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 1- is a group represented by -O-, -O (AO) m- or -NH-, and A is a group having 2 carbon atoms. It is an alkylene group of -4, m is an integer of 1-10, and A when m is 2 or more may be the same or different
- R 2 is a hydrocarbon containing a 1,2-butylene group as a constituent unit. A residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a hydrogen polymer; p is a number of 0 or 1.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 2- is a group represented by -O- or -NH-
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 3- is a group represented by -O- or -NH-
- R 6 is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 7 is a carbon.
- Alkyl groups of the number 1 to 8; r is an integer of 1 to 20, and when r is 2 or more, R 7 may be the same or different.
- the lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver of the present invention has an effect that the gelation index is good, the HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. are low.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention is a polyolefin-based monomer (a) represented by the following general formula (1) and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2), in which R4 has 4 carbon atoms.
- the monomer (b) which is an alkyl group is contained as a constituent monomer, and further, the monomer (c) represented by the following general formula (3) and / or the monomer represented by the following general formula (2). It contains a copolymer (A) containing a monomer (d) in which R 4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms as a constituent monomer, and an ester oil (Z).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 1- is a group represented by -O-, -O (AO) m- or -NH-, and A is a group having 2 carbon atoms. It is an alkylene group of -4, m is an integer of 1-10, and A when m is 2 or more may be the same or different
- R 2 is a hydrocarbon containing a 1,2-butylene group as a constituent unit. A residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a hydrogen polymer; p is a number of 0 or 1.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 2- is a group represented by -O- or -NH-
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 3- is a group represented by -O- or -NH-
- R 6 is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 7 is a carbon.
- Alkyl groups of the number 1 to 8; r is an integer of 1 to 20, and when r is 2 or more, R 7 may be the same or different.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention is a polyolefin-based monomer (a) represented by the above general formula (1) and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2), in which R4 has 4 carbon atoms.
- a monomer (b) which is an alkyl group is contained as a constituent monomer, and further, a monomer (c) represented by the following general formula (3) and / or a monomer represented by the following general formula (2). It contains a copolymer (A) containing a monomer (d) in which R 4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms as a constituent monomer.
- One type of each of the monomers (a) to (d) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- -X 1- in the general formula (1) is a group represented by -O-, -O (AO) m- or -NH-.
- A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an ethylene group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propylene group, an isobutylene group and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene group.
- AO is an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and is an ethyleneoxy group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propyleneoxy group, an isobutyleneoxy group and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene. Examples include oxy groups.
- m is the number of added moles of the alkylene oxide, which is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 2 from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- A may be the same or different, and the binding form of the (AO) m portion may be random or block.
- -X 1- the groups represented by -O- and -O (AO) m- are preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, and more preferably -O- and -O (CH 2 CH). 2 O) It is a group represented by 1 ⁇ .
- p is a number of 0s or 1s.
- R 2 in the general formula (1) is derived from a hydrocarbon polymer containing a 1,2-butylene group (-CH 2 CH (CH 2 CH 3 )-or -CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CH 2- ) as a constituent unit. It is a residue excluding one hydrogen atom.
- the ratio of 1,2-butylene group in all the constituent units is preferably 10 to 90 mol% from the viewpoint of HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. More preferably, it is 20 to 80 mol%.
- the absolute difference in the ratios of the two types of 1,2-butylene groups is absolute.
- the value is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol% from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity.
- the hydrocarbon polymer containing a 1,2-butylene group as a constituent unit is preferably one having 37 or more carbon atoms, and a polymer using 1-butene as a constituent monomer (unsaturated hydrocarbon (x)) and a polymer.
- Examples thereof include a polymer obtained by hydrogenating a carbon-carbon double bond of a 1,2-additive of a polymer using 1,3-butadiene.
- the ratio of 1,2-butylene groups in all the structural units shall be measured by 13 C-NMR. Can be done. Specifically, for example, when only a monomer having 4 carbon atoms is used, the hydrocarbon polymer can be analyzed by 13 C-NMR and calculated and determined using the following mathematical formula (1). .. 13 In C-NMR, the peak derived from the tertiary carbon atom (-CH 2 CH (CH 2 CH 3 )-) of the branched methylene group of 1,2-butylene group is an integrated value of 26 to 27 ppm (integral value B). Appears in.
- the ratio of 1,2-butylene groups can be obtained from the integral value of the above peak and the integral value (integral value C) with respect to the peak of all carbon of the hydrocarbon polymer.
- Ratio of 1,2-butylene groups (mol%) ⁇ (integral value B) x 4 ⁇ / (integral value C) x 100 (1)
- the reaction temperature should be a temperature below the boiling point of 1,3-butadiene (-4.4 ° C).
- the reaction temperature should be above the boiling point of 1,3-butadiene. The temperature may be increased to 1,3-butadiene, and the amount of the polymerization initiator added may be increased.
- the ratio of 1,3-butadiene in all the monomers constituting R2 in the general formula (1) is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 75% by weight or more, particularly preferably 85% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index. be.
- a 1,2-butylene group (1,2-adduct) and a 1,4-butylene group (1) is preferably 1/99 to 99/1, more preferably 1/99 to 99/1, from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index and the low-temperature viscosity. It is 10/90 to 90/10, particularly preferably 20/80 to 80/20.
- the monomer (a) those having a molar ratio (1,2-additive / 1,4-additive) of 1/99 to 50/50 and those having a molar ratio of 51/49 to 99/1 are used.
- the molar ratio of 1,2-adduct / 1,4-adduct in the structure derived from 1,3-butadiene that constitutes part or all of R 2 in the general formula (1) is 1 H-NMR or 13 C. -Measurement can be performed by NMR, Raman spectroscopy, or the like.
- R 2 in the general formula (1) is a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon polymer containing an isobutylene group as a constituent unit in addition to the 1,2-butylene group. Is preferable.
- Examples of the method for producing a hydrocarbon polymer containing an isobutylene group as a constituent unit include a method using isobutene as a constituent monomer (unsaturated hydrocarbon (x)).
- the total ratio of the isobutylene group and the 1,2-butylene group in the hydrocarbon polymer is preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, based on the total number of moles of the constituent units of the hydrocarbon polymer, from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity. Is 40 mol% or more, particularly preferably 50 mol% or more, and most preferably 60 mol% or more.
- the total ratio of isobutylene groups and 1,2-butylene groups is determined by analyzing the hydrocarbon polymer with a 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and using the following formula (2). Can be calculated and determined. Specifically, for example, when only a monomer having 4 carbon atoms is used, the peak derived from the methyl group of the isobutylene group is an integrated value (integrated value) of 30-32 ppm in the 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. A) A peak derived from the tertiary carbon atom of the branched methylene group of the 1,2-butylene group appears in the integrated value (integrated value B) of 26-27 ppm.
- the hydrocarbon polymer containing 1,2-butylene as a constituent unit contains the following (1) to (3) as unsaturated hydrocarbon (x) in addition to 1-butene and 1,3-butadiene. May be.
- (1) aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons [olefins having 2 to 36 carbon atoms (for example, ethylene, propylene, 2-butene, isobutene, pentene, heptene, diisobutylene, octene, dodecene, octadecene, triacocene, hexatriacocene, etc.) and Dienes having 4 to 36 carbon atoms (for example, isoprene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, etc.)]
- Alicyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons for example, cyclohexene, (di) cyclopentadiene, pinene, limonen
- the hydrocarbon polymer composed of these may be a block polymer or a random polymer.
- the hydrocarbon polymer has a carbon-carbon double bond, a part or all of the double bond may be hydrogenated by hydrogenation.
- the hydrocarbon polymer in R 2 may be a hydrocarbon polymer using only a monomer having 4 carbon atoms as a constituent monomer, and the monomer having 4 carbon atoms is 1-butene. And / or 1,3-butadiene, and may contain isobutene if necessary.
- the weight ratio of unsaturated hydrocarbons other than 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene in the monomer (a) is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 25% by weight or less, and further preferably 15%. It is 0% by weight or less, particularly preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter abbreviated as Mw) and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter abbreviated as Mn) of the monomer (a) can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter abbreviated as GPC) under the following conditions. can.
- the Mn of the monomer (a) is preferably 800 to 10,000, more preferably 1,000 to 9,000, and particularly preferably 1,200 to 8,500.
- the Mw of the monomer (a) is preferably 900 to 13,000, more preferably 1,200 to 12,000, and particularly preferably 1,500 to 11,000 from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity.
- the monomer (a) is obtained by transesterifying a polymer (Y) having a hydroxyl group at one end obtained by introducing a hydroxyl group at one end of the hydrocarbon polymer and (meth) acrylic acid, or a weight. It can be obtained by a transesterification reaction between the combined (Y) and an alkyl (meth) acrylate (preferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms) such as methyl (meth) acrylate.
- alkyl (meth) acrylate preferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- (meth) acrylic means "acrylic and / or methacrylic".
- the solubility parameter (hereinafter abbreviated as SP value) of the structural unit derived from the monomer (a) is a lubricating oil. From the viewpoint of solubility in, it is preferably 7.0 to 9.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , and more preferably 7.3 to 8.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 . ..
- the SP value in the present invention is the numerical value (atom or sensory) described on page 152 (Table. 5) of the Fedors method (Polymer Engineering and Science, February, 1974, Vol. 14, No. 2 P. 147 to 154).
- polymer (Y) containing a hydroxyl group at one end examples include the following (Y1) to (Y4).
- An alkylene oxide adduct (Y1); an alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) is added to a polymer obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated hydrocarbon (x) in the presence of an ion polymerization catalyst (lithium catalyst, sodium catalyst, etc.).
- Hydroboration product (Y2); hydroboration reaction product of a polymer of unsaturated hydrocarbon (x) having a double bond at one end for example, as described in US Pat. No. 4,316,973) and the like.
- alkylene oxide adduct (Y1) alkylene oxide adduct (Y1), hydroborohydride (Y2) and maleic anhydride-are preferable from the viewpoint of improving HTHS viscosity and viscosity index.
- the monomer (b) represented by the general formula (2) will be described.
- R3 in the general formula ( 2 ) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- the monomer (b) is an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms in R 4 in the general formula (2). Examples of the alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms include an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an s-butyl group and a t-butyl group.
- the monomer (b) examples include butyl (meth) acrylate (for example, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, etc.), N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, and the like. Be done.
- butyl (meth) acrylate is preferable, and n-butyl (meth) acrylate is more preferable, from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- R5 in the general formula ( 3 ) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- -X 3- in the general formula (3) is a group represented by -O- or -NH-.
- the group represented by —O— is preferable.
- R 6 in the general formula (3) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include an ethylene group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propylene group, an isobutylene group, and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene group.
- R 6 O is an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and is an ethyleneoxy group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propyleneoxy group, an isobutyleneoxy group and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4. -Butyleneoxy groups and the like can be mentioned.
- r is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 2 from the viewpoint of the viscosity index improving effect and the low-temperature viscosity.
- R 6 O may be the same or different, and the binding form of the (R 6 O) r portion may be random or block.
- R 7 in the general formula (3) is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a linear or branched alkyl group is included, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-heptyl group, isoheptyl. Examples thereof include a group, an n-hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an n-pentyl group and an n-octyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms most preferably alkyl groups having 2 or 4 carbon atoms.
- methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, propoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, pentyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and hexyloxy.
- Examples thereof include a product obtained by adding 2 to 20 mol of an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide) and an esterified product of (meth) acrylic acid.
- an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide
- an esterified product of (meth) acrylic acid examples thereof include a product obtained by adding 2 to 20 mol of an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide) and an esterified product of (meth) acrylic acid.
- the monomers (c) ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate are preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- the monomer (d) represented by the general formula (2) will be described.
- R3 in the general formula ( 2 ) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- the monomer (d) is an alkyl group having R4 having 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the general formula (2). Examples of the alkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms include an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and an isopropyl group.
- the monomer (d) examples include ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide and N-propyl (meth).
- examples include acrylamide.
- ethyl (meth) acrylate is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (a) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., shear stability and shear stability. From the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, it is preferably 1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 2 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the weight ratio of the monomer (b) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., shear stability and shear stability. From the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, it is preferably 1 to 80% by weight, more preferably 3 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the weight ratio of the monomer (c) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., shear stability and shear stability. From the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, it is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the total weight ratio of the monomers (c) and the monomers (d) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is the viewpoint of the effect of improving shear stability and viscosity index. Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the weight ratio of the monomer (d) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., shear stability and shear stability. From the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, it is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the ⁇ (c + d) / b ⁇ is preferably 0.01 to 20, more preferably 0.03 to 5, and even more preferably 0.05 to 2.
- the weight ratio ⁇ (c + d) / b ⁇ is 0.01 or more, the gelling index and the viscosity index tend to be good, and when it is 20 or less, the gelling index tends to be good.
- the weight ratio (c / b) of the weight of the monomer (c) to the weight of the monomer (b) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is 0. It is preferably 0.01 to 20, more preferably 0.03 to 5, and even more preferably 0.05 to 2.
- the weight ratio (c / b) is 0.01 or more, the gelation index and the viscosity index tend to be good, and when the weight ratio (c / b) is 20 or less, the gelation index tends to be good.
- the copolymer (A) is a copolymer containing a (meth) acryloyl monomer (e) having a linear or branched alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms as a constituent monomer.
- the monomer (e) includes a (meth) acryloyl monomer (e1) having a linear alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms and a branched alkyl having 9 to 36 carbon atoms represented by the following general formula (4).
- a (meth) acryloyl monomer having a group (e2) and the like are included.
- R 8 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- -X 4- is a group represented by -O- or -NH-
- R 9 O is an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 10 And R 11 are independently linear alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and the total carbon number of R 10 and R 11 is 7 to 34
- s is an integer of 0 to 20 and s is 2 or more.
- R 9 O may be the same or different.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid monomer (e1) having a linear alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester. ⁇ An esterified product of a linear alkyl alcohol having 9 to 36 carbon atoms and (meth) acrylic acid, for example, (meth) acrylic acid n-nonyl, (meth) acrylic acid n-decyl, (meth) acrylic acid n.
- a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having a linear alkyl group having 12 to 28 carbon atoms is preferable, and a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having 12 to 28 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- a (meth) acrylic acid ester having 24 linear alkyl groups is particularly preferred, and a (meth) acrylic acid ester having a linear alkyl group having 12 to 20 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- One type of monomer (e1) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- R 8 in the general formula (4) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- -X 4- in the general formula ( 4 ) is a group represented by -O- or -NH-. Of these, from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, the group represented by —O— is preferable.
- R 9 in the general formula (4) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms examples include an ethylene group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propylene group, an isobutylene group and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene group.
- R 9 O is an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and is an ethyleneoxy group, a 1,2- or 1,3-propyleneoxy group, an isobutyleneoxy group and a 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4.
- s is an integer of 0 to 20, preferably an integer of 0 to 5 from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 9 O When s is 2 or more, R 9 O may be the same or different, and the (R 9 O) s moiety may be a random bond or a block bond.
- R 10 and R 11 in the general formula (4) are independently linear alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms. Specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group and an n-decyl group.
- linear alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms it is preferable that at least one of R 10 or R 11 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- R 10 or R 11 is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably, at least one of R 10 or R 11 has 8 to 16 carbon atoms. It is a linear alkyl group.
- the total number of carbon atoms of R 10 and R 11 is 7 to 34, preferably 12 to 30 from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index, and more preferably 14 to 26.
- the carbon chain containing R 10 and R 11 is a branched alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms having one of R 10 and R 11 as a branched chain.
- the branched alkyl group has 9 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 32, and more preferably 16 to 28, from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- 2-octyldecyl (meth) acrylic acid an esterified product of ethylene glycol mono-2-octylpentadecyl ether and (meth) acrylic acid, and 2-octyl (meth) acrylic acid.
- n-octyldodecyl (meth) acrylate 2-n-decyltetradecyl, (meth) acrylate 2-n-dodecyl hexadecyl, (meth) acrylate 2-n-tetradecyl octadecyl, (meth) acrylate 2 -N-dodecylpentadecyl, (meth) acrylate 2-n-tetradecylheptadecyl, (meth) acrylate 2-n-hexadecylheptadecyl, (meth) acrylate 2-n-heptadecylicosyl, ( 2-n-Hexadecyldocosyl of (meth) acrylate, 2-n-eicosyldocosyl of (meth) acrylate, 2-n-tetracosylhexacosyl of (meth) acrylate and N-2-oct
- (meth) acryloyl having a branched alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms represented by the above general formula (4) is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility in base oil and low temperature viscosity.
- the monomer (e2) is more preferable, and among the monomers (e2), a (meth) acryloyl monomer having a branched alkyl group having 14 to 32 carbon atoms is particularly preferable, and the monomer (e2) is particularly preferable.
- e2) it is a (meth) acryloyl monomer having a branched alkyl group having 16 to 28 carbon atoms.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (e) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) has an effect of improving the viscosity index and a viewpoint of making the copolymer (A) a preferable SP value. Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A).
- the copolymer (A) in the present invention further contains a nitrogen atom-containing monomer (f), a hydroxyl group-containing monomer (g), and a phosphorus atom-containing single amount.
- the body (h), the aromatic ring-containing vinyl monomer (i) and the monomers (j) to the monomer (n) may be contained as constituent monomers.
- One type of each of the monomers (f) to (n) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- nitrogen atom-containing monomer (f) examples include the following monomers (f1) to (f4) excluding the monomers (a) to (e).
- Amide group-containing monomer (f1) (Meta) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (N'-monoalkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide
- Amide group-containing monomer (f1) (Meta) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (N'-monoalkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide
- Amide group-containing monomer (f1) (Meta) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (N'-monoalkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide
- Amide group-containing monomer (f1) (Meta) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (N'-monoalkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide
- Amide group-containing monomer (f1) (Meta) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (N'
- Dialkyl (meth) acrylamide [Nitrogen atom has 2 alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms Combined; for example, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diisopropyl (meth) acrylamide and N, N-di-n-butyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.
- N- (N', N'-dialkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide N- (N', N'-dialkylaminoalkyl) (meth) acrylamide
- Nitro group-containing monomer (f2) 4-Nitrostyrene and the like can be mentioned.
- 1st to 3rd grade amino group-containing monomer (f3) Primary amino group-containing monomer ⁇ alkenylamine with 3 to 6 carbon atoms [(meth) allylamine, crotylamine, etc.], aminoalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylate [aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, etc.] ⁇ Secondary amino group-containing monomer ⁇ monoalkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate [having an aminoalkyl group (2 to 6 carbon atoms) in which one alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is bonded to a nitrogen atom; for example.
- Nt-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and N-methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, etc.] Dialkenylamine with 6 to 12 carbon atoms [di (meth) allylamine, etc.] ⁇ ;
- the body ⁇ dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate [having an aminoalkyl group (2 to 6 carbon atoms) in which two alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are bonded to a nitrogen atom; for example, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth).
- Nitrile group-containing monomer (f4) (Meta) Acrylonitrile and the like can be mentioned.
- the amide group-containing monomer (f1) and the 1- to tertiary amino group-containing monomer (f3) are preferable, and N- (N', N', N', N are more preferable.
- Hydroxy group-containing monomer g: Hydroxyl-containing aromatic monomers (p-hydroxystyrene, etc.), hydroxyalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylates [2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate.
- Etc. mono- or bis-hydroxyalkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) substituted (meth) acrylamide [N, N-bis (hydroxymethyl) (meth) acrylamide, N, N-bis (hydroxypropyl) (meth) acrylamide , N, N-bis (2-hydroxybutyl) (meth) acrylamide, etc.] vinyl alcohol, alkenol with 3 to 12 carbon atoms [(meth) allyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, isocrotyl alcohol, 1-octenol and 1 -Undecenol, etc.], alkenemonool or alkenediol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms [1-buten-3-ol, 2-butene-1-ol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, etc.], hydroxyalkyl (carbon) Numbers 1 to 6) Alkenes (3 to 10 carbon atoms) ethers (2-hydroxyethylpropenyl ethers, etc.),
- Examples of the phosphorus atom-containing monomer (h) include the following monomers (h1) to (h2).
- “(meth) acryloyloxy” means acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy.
- Phosphono group-containing monomer (h2) (Meta) acryloyloxyalkyl (2-4 carbon atoms) phosphonic acid [(meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphonic acid, etc.] and alkenyl (2-12 carbon atoms) phosphonic acid [vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid and octenyl Phosphonic acid, etc.] and the like.
- a phosphoric acid ester group-containing monomer (h1) is preferable, and (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl (carbon number 2 to 4) phosphoric acid ester is particularly preferable.
- Preferred is (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate.
- styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene are preferable, and styrene is more preferable.
- Examples of the monomer (j) having two or more unsaturated groups include divinylbenzene, alkaziene having 4 to 12 carbon atoms (butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,6-heptadiene and 1,7-).
- Vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones (k) may be abbreviated as monomer (k): Vinyl esters of saturated fatty acids with 2 to 12 carbon atoms (vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl octanoate, etc.), alkyl, aryl or alkoxyalkyl vinyl ethers with 1 to 12 carbon atoms (methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, etc.) , Butyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether and vinyl-2-butoxyethyl ether, etc.) and alkyl or aryl vinyl ketones with 1 to 8 carbon atoms (methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone and Phenylvinyl ketone, etc.) and the like.
- Epoxy group-containing monomer (l) (may be abbreviated as monomer (l)): Examples thereof include glycidyl (meth) acrylate and glycidyl (meth) allyl ether.
- Halogen element-containing monomer (m) may be abbreviated as monomer (m): Examples thereof include vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, allyl chloride (meth) and styrene halides (dichlorostyrene and the like).
- Ester of unsaturated polycarboxylic acid (n) may be abbreviated as monomer (n): Alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl ester of unsaturated polycarboxylic acid [Alkyl diester (dimethylmaleate, dimethylfumarate, diethylmaleate) having 1 to 8 carbon atoms of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid (maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, etc.) And dioctyl maleate, etc.)] and the like.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (f) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is the copolymer from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the HTHS viscosity and the viscosity index at the effective temperature. Based on the total weight of the monomers constituting (A), it is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 40% by weight.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (g) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is the copolymer from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the HTHS viscosity and the viscosity index at the effective temperature.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (h) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is the copolymer from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the HTHS viscosity and the viscosity index at the effective temperature. Based on the total weight of the monomers constituting (A), it is preferably 30% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 20% by weight.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (i) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is the copolymer from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the HTHS viscosity and the viscosity index at the effective temperature. Based on the total weight of the monomers constituting (A), it is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 15% by weight.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (j) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) constitutes the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of the HTHS viscosity at the effective temperature. It is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (k) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is a simple component of the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index. Based on the total weight of the polymer, it is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight. In the copolymer (A), the weight ratio of the monomer (l) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) constitutes the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index. Based on the total weight of the polymer, it is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (m) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) constitutes the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index. Based on the total weight of the polymer, it is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight.
- the weight ratio of the monomer (n) among the constituent monomers of the copolymer (A) is a simple component of the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the viscosity index. Based on the total weight of the polymer, it is preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
- the Mw of the copolymer (A) is preferably 5,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, particularly preferably 10,000 to 800,000, and most preferably. Is 15,000 to 700,000, most preferably 30,000 to 600,000.
- the Mw of the copolymer (A) is 5,000 or more, the effect of improving the viscosity-temperature characteristics and the effect of improving the viscosity index tend to be good.
- the amount of the viscosity index improver added is not too large, which is advantageous in terms of cost. When it is 2,000,000 or less, the shear stability tends to be good.
- the more preferable range of Mw of the copolymer (A) varies depending on the use of the viscosity index improver and the lubricating oil composition, and is the range shown in Table 2.
- the Mn of the copolymer (A) is preferably 2,500 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, particularly preferably 7,500 or more, and most preferably 15,000 or more. Further, it is preferably 300,000 or less, more preferably 150,000 or less, and particularly preferably 100,000 or less. When Mn is 2,500 or more, the effect of improving the viscosity temperature characteristic and the effect of improving the viscosity index tend to be good. In addition, the amount of the viscosity index improver added is not too large, which is advantageous in terms of cost. When Mn is 300,000 or less, the shear stability tends to be good.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the copolymer (A) is preferably 1.0 to 4.0, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5, from the viewpoint of shear stability.
- the measurement conditions for the Mw, Mn and molecular weight distribution of the copolymer (A) are the same as the measurement conditions for the Mw and Mn of the monomer (a).
- the copolymer (A) can be obtained by a known production method, and specific examples thereof include a method obtained by solution-polymerizing the above-mentioned monomer in a solvent in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.
- a polymerization catalyst examples include azo catalysts (2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) and 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)) and peroxide catalysts (benzoyl peroxide).
- the copolymer (A) can be obtained by bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization.
- the polymerization form of the copolymer (A) may be either a random addition polymer or an alternate copolymer, and may be either a graft copolymer or a block copolymer.
- the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A) is 8.0 to 10.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / from the viewpoint of solubility in the base oil. 2 is preferable, and more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A) (may be abbreviated as the SP value of the copolymer (A)) uses the above-mentioned method for calculating the SP value.
- the SP value of the structural unit (structure in which the vinyl group becomes a single bond by the polymerization reaction) derived from each monomer constituting the copolymer (A) is calculated, and the weight of each constituent monomer at the time of charging is calculated. It means the value obtained by adding and averaging based on the fraction.
- the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate is as an atomic group, since CH 3 is 2, CH 2 is 1, C is 1, and CO 2 is 1. From the following formula, it can be seen that the SP value of the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate is 9.933 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the SP value of the structural unit derived from ethyl methacrylate is 9.721 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the SP value of the copolymer is the weight of the SP value of the constituent unit derived from each monomer as described below.
- the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A) is in a desired range by appropriately adjusting the weight fraction of the monomer used and each monomer used. Can be. Specifically, the SP value can be reduced by using a large number of monomers having a large carbon number of the alkyl group, and the SP value can be increased by using a large number of monomers having a small carbon number of the alkyl group. can do.
- the shear stability index (SSI) of the copolymer (A) is preferably 70 or less, more preferably 60 or less, from the viewpoint of the service life of the lubricating oil composition.
- the SSI of the copolymer (A) indicates the decrease in viscosity due to shearing of the copolymer (A) as a percentage, and is a value measured according to ASTM D6278. More specifically, it is a value calculated by the following mathematical formula (3).
- ⁇ 0 is the value of the kinematic viscosity of the sample oil obtained by diluting the viscosity index improver containing the copolymer (A) with mineral oil at 100 ° C.
- ⁇ 1 is the copolymer. It is the value of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after passing the sample oil obtained by diluting the viscosity index improver containing (A) into mineral oil through a 30-cycle high shear Bosch diesel injector according to the procedure of ASTM D6278.
- ⁇ oil is a value of the kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil used when diluting the viscosity index improver at 100 ° C.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention may further contain a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (co) polymer (B) other than the copolymer (A).
- (Co) It is preferable to contain the polymer (B) from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity.
- the (co) polymer (B) includes a (co) polymer that does not contain the monomer (a), and is, for example, a (meth) acryloyl monomer having a linear or branched alkyl group having 9 to 36 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a (co) polymer containing the body (e) as a constituent monomer.
- (meth) acrylic acid n-dodecyl (meth) acrylic acid n-tetradecyl, (meth) acrylic acid n-hexadecyl and (meth) acrylic acid n-octadecyl copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid n.
- the content of the (co) polymer (B) in the viscosity index improver of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight based on the weight of the copolymer (A) from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 10% by weight.
- the Mw of the (co) polymer (B) is preferably 5,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 80,000 from the viewpoint of lowering the pour point temperature.
- the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomer constituting the polymer (B) is preferably 7.0 to 10 from the viewpoint of solubility in the base oil, and more preferably 8. It is 0 to 9.5.
- the Mw measurement conditions of the (co) polymer (B) are the same as the Mw measurement conditions of the monomer (a), and the SP value calculation method is the same as that of the copolymer (A).
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention preferably contains the copolymer (A) in an amount of 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less based on the weight of the viscosity index improver from the viewpoint of the viscosity index improving effect and the low temperature viscosity. .. From the viewpoint of low-temperature viscosity, the viscosity index improver of the present invention preferably contains the (co) polymer (B) in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the viscosity index improver.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention contains the above-mentioned copolymer (A) and ester oil (Z). One type of ester oil may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention contains the monomer (a) and the monomer (b) as constituent monomers, and further comprises the monomer (c) and / or the monomer (d).
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention when diluted to obtain a lubricating oil composition, the viscosity index improver contains an ester oil (Z), so that the oil component contained in the lubricating oil composition is a hydrocarbon oil.
- the molecules are more likely to spread, at lower temperatures, the molecules are more likely to aggregate, the molecular behavior of the copolymer (A) is better, and the HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C and the movement at 40 ° C It is presumed that the viscosity is excellent and the gelation index is good.
- the ester oil (Z) is not particularly limited as long as it is an ester compound having a lubricating function conventionally used as a lubricating oil.
- an ester composed of a divalent carboxylic acid and an alcohol described in JP-A-11-172267 an ester composed of a monovalent carboxylic acid and a diol described in JP-A-2003-321691, and a foss described in JP-A-10-77494. Examples include fate ester.
- an ester oil (z1) which is an esterified product of an aliphatic saturated divalent carboxylic acid having 4 to 16 carbon atoms and an aliphatic saturated monovalent alcohol having 6 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable.
- an ester oil (z2) which is an esterified product of an aliphatic saturated monovalent carboxylic acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and an aliphatic saturated divalent alcohol having 4 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the ester oil (Z) is preferably an esterified product having a total carbon number of 10 to 40, and more preferably an esterified product having a total carbon number of 15 to 35, from the viewpoint of kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C.
- an ester oil (z1) which is an esterified product of an aliphatic saturated divalent carboxylic acid having 4 to 16 carbon atoms and an aliphatic saturated monovalent alcohol having 6 to 24 carbon atoms
- the aliphatic saturated divalent acid having 4 to 16 carbon atoms examples include linear saturated alkyl divalent carboxylic acids ⁇ for example, n-butanedioic acid (succinic acid), n-heptanedioic acid (glutaric acid), n-hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), n-.
- Heptanedioic acid Heptanedioic acid, n-octanedioic acid, n-nonanedioic acid, n-decanedioic acid (sevacinic acid), n-undecanedioic acid, n-dodecanedioic acid, n-tridecanedioic acid, n-tetradecanedioic acid, n-pentadecanedioic acid and n-hexadecanedioic acid, etc. ⁇ , branched saturated alkyl divalent carboxylic acid ⁇ eg, 3-methyladipic acid, etc. ⁇ , alicyclic saturated divalent carboxylic acid ⁇ eg, 1,2- or 1, 3-Cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, etc. ⁇ and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the aliphatic saturated monohydric alcohol having 6 to 24 carbon atoms include linear saturated alkyl monoalcohols ⁇ for example, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, n-nonanol, n.
- n-Decanol n-undecyl alcohol, n-dodecyl alcohol, n-tridecyl alcohol, n-tetradecyl alcohol, n-pentadecyl alcohol, n-hexadecyl alcohol, n-heptadecyl alcohol, n-octadecyl alcohol, n -Nonadecyl alcohol, n-icosanol, n-heneicosanol, n-docosanol, n-tetracosanol, etc. ⁇ , branched saturated alkyl monoalcohol ⁇ eg, 2-ethylhexanol, isononyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol, iso Undecyl alcohol, isododecyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, isotetradecyl alcohol, isopentadecyl alcohol, isohexadec
- ester oil (z1) examples include di (2-ethylhexyl) hexanediate ⁇ sometimes referred to as bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate ⁇ and diisodecyl hexanediate ⁇ diisodecyl adipate.
- ester oils (z1) an esterified product of a linear saturated alkyl divalent carboxylic acid having 4 to 16 carbon atoms and an aliphatic saturated monovalent alcohol having 6 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable, and more preferable, from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity.
- ester oil (z2) as the aliphatic saturated monovalent carboxylic acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, a linear saturated alkyl monocarboxylic acid ⁇ for example, n-hexane acid, n-heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, n-undecanoic acid, n-dodecanoic acid, n-tridecanoic acid, n-tetradecanoic acid, n-pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, n-heptadecanoic acid, n-octadecanoic acid, n-nonadecanoic acid, n-eicosanoic acid, n-docosanoic acid, n-tetracosanoic acid, etc. ⁇ , branched saturated alkyl monocarboxylic acid
- examples of the aliphatic saturated dihydric alcohol having 4 to 16 carbon atoms include linear saturated alkyldiol ⁇ for example, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6--.
- ester oils (z2) an esterified product of an aliphatic saturated monovalent carboxylic acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and a linear saturated alkyl diol having 4 to 16 carbon atoms is preferable, and carbon is more preferable, from the viewpoint of low temperature viscosity. It is an esterified product of a branched saturated alkyl monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and a linear saturated alkyl diol having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and is particularly preferably a branched saturated alkyl monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and 4 to 16 carbon atoms. It is an esterified product with 12 linear saturated alkyl diols.
- the kinematic viscosity of the ester oil (Z) at 100 ° C. is preferably 1 to 4 mm 2 / s, more preferably 1.5 to 3.6 mm, from the viewpoint of kinematic viscosity at low temperature. It is 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity of the ester oil (Z) at 100 ° C. can be adjusted by changing the carbon number of the carboxylic acid and the alkyl alcohol when synthesizing the ester oil (Z). Specifically, if a substance having a large number of carbon atoms is used, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. becomes high.
- the viscosity index of the ester oil (Z) is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 105 to 180, from the viewpoint of the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition.
- the viscosity index of the ester oil (Z) can be adjusted by changing the carbon number of the carboxylic acid and the alkyl alcohol when synthesizing the ester oil. Specifically, if a material having a large number of carbon atoms is used, the viscosity index becomes high.
- the SP value of the ester oil (Z) is preferably 8.0 to 10.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 (from the viewpoint of solubility of various additives).
- the absolute value of the difference between the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomer constituting the copolymer (A) and the SP value of the ester oil (Z) is 0.1 to 0.1 from the viewpoint of compatibility.
- 2.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 is preferable, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0 (cal / cm 3 ). ) 1/2 .
- the weight ratio ((A) / (Z)) of the copolymer (A) and the ester oil (Z) contained in the viscosity index improver of the present invention is the handleability of the viscosity index improver and the lubricating oil composition. From the viewpoint of gelation index and evaporability at 250 ° C., it is preferably 10/90 to 70/30, more preferably 10/90 to 60/40, and particularly preferably 25/75 to 45/55. .. Within this range, the viscosity of the viscosity index improver (for example, the viscosity at 90 ° C.) tends to be low, and the handleability tends to be good.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention uses ester oil (Z) as a reference based on the weight of the viscosity index improver from the viewpoints of handleability of the viscosity index improver, reduction of HTHS viscosity of the obtained lubricating oil composition, and low temperature viscosity.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention uses the copolymer (A) as the weight of the viscosity index improver from the viewpoints of the handleability of the viscosity index improver, the gelation index of the lubricating oil composition, and the evaporability at 250 ° C.
- the content is preferably 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight, and particularly preferably 12 to 40% by weight.
- the kinematic viscosity of the viscosity index improver at 90 ° C. is preferably 100 to 20000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 300 to 12000 mm 2 / s, from the viewpoint of handleability of the viscosity index improver. Is.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention may further contain a base oil other than the ester oil (Z).
- a base oil other than the ester oil (Z) from the viewpoint of the oxidative stability of the viscosity index improver, the oxidative stability of the lubricating oil composition, and the evaporability at 250 ° C., it is preferable to contain a base oil other than the ester oil (Z).
- the base oil other than the ester oil (Z) include hydrocarbon oils, and specific examples thereof include hydrocarbon oils of groups I to IV of the API classification.
- the SP value of the hydrocarbon oil is preferably 7.8 to 9.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , more preferably 8.0 to 9.0 (cal /) from the viewpoint of solubility of various additives. cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the molecular weight is measured by GPC, and the molecular structure is analyzed by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR. The molecular structure can be understood, and the SP value of the hydrocarbon oil can be calculated by the additive average based on the mole fraction.
- the absolute value of the difference in SP value between the ester oil (Z) and the hydrocarbon oil is 0.1 to 2.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / from the viewpoint of compatibility. 2 is preferable, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , and particularly preferably 0.3 to 1.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the absolute value of the difference between the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomer constituting the copolymer (A) and the SP value of the hydrocarbon oil is compatible. From the viewpoint, 0.8 to 2.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 is preferable, more preferably 0.8 to 1.3 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 , and particularly preferably 0.9 to 1. .2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the absolute value of the difference between the SP value calculated based on the weight fraction of the monomers constituting the copolymer (A) and the SP value of the hydrocarbon oil is the copolymer (A) with respect to the base oil. The desired range can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the type and weight fraction of the monomer used for producing the above.
- the kinematic viscosity of the hydrocarbon oil at 100 ° C. is preferably 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, more preferably 2 to 5 mm 2 / s from the viewpoint of viscosity index and low temperature fluidity. be.
- the viscosity index of the hydrocarbon oil is preferably 100 or more from the viewpoint of the viscosity index and the low temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil composition.
- the weight ratio ((Z) / hydrocarbon oil) of the ester oil (Z) and the hydrocarbon oil in the viscosity index improver is lubricated using the oxidation stability of the viscosity index improver and the hydrocarbon oil as the base oil. From the viewpoint of oxidation stability when the oil composition is produced, evaporability at 250 ° C., and low temperature viscosity, 40/60 to 100/0 is preferable, and 50/50 to 95/5 is more preferable.
- the weight ratio ((A) / hydrocarbon oil) of the copolymer (A) and the hydrocarbon oil in the viscosity index improver is preferably 10/90 to 100/0, more preferably 10/90 to 100/0, from the viewpoint of HTHS viscosity.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention uses a hydrocarbon oil as a reference based on the weight of the viscosity index improver from the viewpoint of the oxidation stability of the viscosity index improver, the oxidation stability of the lubricating oil composition, and the evaporability at 250 ° C. It is preferable that the content is 1 to 35% by weight.
- the cloud point of the hydrocarbon oil (measured by JIS-K2269) is preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 15 ° C. or lower. When the cloud point of the hydrocarbon oil is within this range, the low temperature viscosity of the lubricating oil composition tends to be good.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises the viscosity index improver of the present invention, a cleaning agent, a dispersant, an antioxidant, an oiliness improving agent, a pour point lowering agent, a friction and wear adjusting agent, an extreme pressure agent, a defoaming agent, and the like. It contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of anti-emulsifiers, metal defoamers and corrosion inhibitors.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains the copolymer (A) in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition from the viewpoint of fuel saving.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains the (co) polymer (B) in an amount of 0.01 to 2% by weight based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises 1 to 1 ester oil (Z) based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition in terms of gelling index, low temperature viscosity, HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C.
- the content is preferably 99.9% by weight, more preferably 1 to 30% by weight.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains a hydrocarbon oil in an amount of 98.89% by weight or less based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and more preferably 50 to 50. It is 90% by weight.
- a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2 to 10 mm 2 / s (ester oil (Z) or a mixture of ester oil (Z) and hydrocarbon oil). It is preferable that the copolymer (A) is contained in an amount of 1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight.
- a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2 to 10 mm 2 / s (ester oil (Z) or a mixture of ester oil (Z) and hydrocarbon oil is used as a gear oil.
- the copolymer (A) is contained in an amount of 3 to 20% by weight.
- a base oil ester oil (Z) or ester oil (Z) having a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 6 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon oil preferably containing 3 to 20% by weight of the copolymer (A).
- a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 1 to 5 mm 2 / s (ester oil (Z) or a mixture of ester oil (Z) and hydrocarbon oil It is preferable that the copolymer (A) is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
- the weight ratio ((A) / (Z)) of the copolymer (A) to the ester oil (Z) contained in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a gelation index, low temperature viscosity, and HTHS at 100 ° C. From the viewpoint of viscosity and kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., it is preferably 10/90 to 70/30, more preferably 10/90 to 60/40, and particularly preferably 25/75 to 45/55.
- the weight ratio ((Z) / hydrocarbon oil) of the ester oil (Z) to the hydrocarbon oil contained in the lubricating oil composition is gelation index, low temperature viscosity, HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., and 40 ° C. From the viewpoint of kinematic viscosity, oxidative stability and evaporability at 250 ° C., 1/99 to 20/80 is preferable, and 2/98 to 9/91 is more preferable. Within this range, the gelation index, low temperature viscosity, HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. are satisfactorily obtained without deteriorating the oxidative stability and evaporability at 250 ° C.
- the weight ratio of the copolymer (A) to the hydrocarbon oil ((A) / hydrocarbon oil) contained in the lubricating oil composition is 99.9 / 0.1 to 1/99 from the viewpoint of HTHS viscosity. Is preferable, and more preferably 99/1 to 10/90.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains various additives.
- the additive include the following.
- Cleaner Basic, hyperbasic or neutral metal salts [superbasic or alkaline earth metal salts of sulfonates (petroleum sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylnaphthalen sulphonates, etc.)], salicylates, phenates, naphthenates, etc.
- each of these additives is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- the total content of each additive is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention includes gear oil (differential oil, industrial gear oil, etc.), MTF, transmission oil [ATF, DCTF, belt-CVTF, etc.], traction oil (toroidal-CVTF, etc.), shock absorber oil, and the like. It is suitably used for power steering oil, hydraulic oil (hydraulic hydraulic oil for construction machinery, industrial hydraulic oil, etc.) and engine oil (for gasoline and diesel).
- the ratio of 1,2-butylene groups in the constituent units of the hydrocarbon polymer was determined by analyzing the polymer by 13 C-NMR and using the above formula (1) by the above method.
- a copolymer composition (B-1) containing 65% by weight of the copolymer (B) in the hydrocarbon oil was obtained.
- the Mw of the obtained copolymer (B) was 53,000, and the SP value was 9.0.
- a copolymer composition (B-2) containing 65% by weight of the copolymer (B) in the ester oil was obtained.
- the Mw of the obtained copolymer (B) was 53,000, and the SP value was 9.0.
- nitrogen substitution gas phase oxygen concentration 100 ppm
- the copolymer composition (B-1) obtained in Production Example 3 or the copolymer composition (B-2) obtained in Production Example 4 is shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 or Table 4.
- the viscosity index improvers (R-1) to (R-28) and (S-1) to (S-4) were obtained.
- the SP values of the copolymers (A-1) to (A-18) and (A'-1) to (A'-3) were calculated by the above method, and Mw and Mn were measured by the above method.
- the solubility of the copolymer (A) in the base oil was evaluated by the following method.
- the oxidative stability of the viscosity index improver was evaluated by the following method.
- the kinematic viscosity of the viscosity index improver at 90 ° C. was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 or Table 4.
- Viscosity index improver ⁇ : Increase in total acid value of the lubricating oil composition before and after the test is 30 mgKOH / g or less ⁇ : Increase in total acid value of the lubricating oil composition before and after the test exceeds 30 mgKOH / g and is 50 mgKOH / g or less. ⁇ : The amount of increase in the total acid value of the lubricating oil composition before and after the test exceeds 50 mgKOH / g and 70 mgKOH / g or less.
- kinematic viscosity of viscosity index improver The kinematic viscosity at 90 ° C. was measured by the method of JIS-K2283. The lower the value, the lower the viscosity and the better the handleability.
- compositions of the base oils and monomers (a) to (f) and the base oils shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 or Table 4 are as described below.
- Y-1) [Mn: 6].
- (A-2): Methacrylic acid esterified product of (Y-2), one-terminal hydroxyl-containing polymer of hydrogenated polybutadiene obtained in Production Example 2 (ratio of 1,2-butylene group 65 mol%) [Mn: 6 , 600]
- E-3 Linear and branched alkyl methacrylate mixture having 14 to 15 carbon atoms (esterified product of Neodol 45 (manufactured by Shell Chemicals) and methacrylic acid).
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention has low kinematic viscosity at 90 ° C. and is excellent in handleability.
- a comparison between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 in which Mw, the type and amount of the base oil, etc. are almost the same except that the monomer (a) is not contained as the constituent monomer, and the monomer as the constituent monomer Comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Example 26 in which Mw, the type and amount of the base oil, etc. are almost the same except that b) is not contained, and the monomers (c) and the monomers (d) are used as constituent monomers.
- the viscosity index improver of the present invention contains the monomer (a) and the monomer (b) as constituent monomers, and further comprises the monomer (c) and / or the monomer ( It can be seen that by containing the copolymer (A) containing d) as a constituent monomer and the ester oil, the viscosity of the viscosity index improver becomes lower and the handleability is excellent.
- the kinematic viscosity (100 ° C., 40 ° C.), the viscosity index, the gelation index, the low temperature viscosity (-40 ° C.), the evaporability at 250 ° C., and the oxidative stability were measured by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 5 or 6.
- HTHS viscosity of lubricating oil composition Measured at 80 ° C, 100 ° C and 150 ° C by the method of ASTM D 4683. The lower the HTHS viscosity at 80 ° C and 100 ° C, the better.
- kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil composition and method of calculating viscosity index ⁇ Method of measuring kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil composition and method of calculating viscosity index>
- the kinematic viscosities at 40 ° C. and 100 ° C. were measured by the method of JIS-K2283, and the viscosity index was calculated by the method of JIS-K2283. The larger the value of the viscosity index, the higher the effect of improving the viscosity index.
- ⁇ Measuring method of low temperature viscosity of lubricating oil composition The viscosity at ⁇ 40 ° C. was measured by the method of JPI-5S-42-2004. The smaller the value, the lower the low temperature viscosity.
- ⁇ Measurement method of gelation index> A scanning Brookfield viscometer was operated by the method of ASTM D 5133 to measure the gelation index. Specifically, about 20 ml of the lubricating oil composition is poured into a glass stator up to the fill line, preheated at 90 ° C. for 1.5 hours, and then a temperature gradient program is set at a scanning speed of 1 ° C./hour. The temperature was cooled to ⁇ 5 ° C. to ⁇ 40 ° C., and the gelation index was measured. The smaller the value, the better the viscosity characteristics at low temperature, which means that the oil is good as an engine oil.
- the lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver of the present invention has a good gelling index, excellent HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C., and excellent kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. Furthermore, it can be seen that the viscosity index, shear stability and low temperature viscosity are also excellent.
- the lubricating oil compositions of Comparative Examples 5 to 7 and 9 to 11 constitute Comparative Example 1 and the monomer (b) containing the copolymer (A') not containing the monomer (a) as the constituent monomer.
- Comparative Example 2 containing the copolymer (A') not as a monomer, or comparison containing the copolymer (A') not containing the monomer (c) and the monomer (d) as constituent monomers.
- the viscosity index improver of Example 3 is used.
- the SP value and Mw are almost the same as those of the lubricating oil composition of these comparative examples, the monomer (a) and the monomer (b) are contained as constituent monomers, and the monomers (c) and / are further contained.
- the gelation index, the HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. are inferior to those of the lubricating oil composition of 81. Furthermore, it can be seen that the viscosity index, shear stability, low temperature viscosity, oxidation stability and evaporability at 250 ° C. are also inferior. Further, the lubricating oil compositions of Comparative Examples 8 and 12 using the viscosity index improver of Comparative Example 4 containing no ester oil were compared with Examples 29 and 57 containing the same copolymer (A). It can be seen that the gelation index, the HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. are inferior. Furthermore, it can be seen that the viscosity index and the low temperature viscosity are also inferior.
- the lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver of the present invention has a good gelling index and excellent HTHS viscosity at 100 ° C. and kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., and thus gear oil (differential oil and industrial use).
- Gear oil, etc.) MTF, transmission oil [ATF, DCTF, belt-CVTF, etc.], traction oil (toroidal-CVTF, etc.), shock absorber oil, power steering oil, hydraulic oil (hydraulic for construction machinery and industrial hydraulic oil, etc.) Etc.) and engine oil (for gasoline and diesel).
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記の粘度指数向上剤は、エンジン油組成物に添加した場合に100℃でのHTHS粘度が未だ十分ではなく、また、40℃での動粘度が悪いという問題がある。
すなわち、本発明は、下記一般式(1)で示されるポリオレフィン系単量体(a)及び下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数4のアルキル基である単量体(b)を構成単量体として含み、さらに下記一般式(3)で示される単量体(c)及び/又は下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数2~3のアルキル基である単量体(d)を構成単量体として含む共重合体(A)と、エステル油(Z)とを含有してなる粘度指数向上剤;該粘度指数向上剤と、清浄剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤、油性向上剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦摩耗調整剤、極圧剤、消泡剤、抗乳化剤、金属不活性剤及び腐食防止剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤とを含有してなる潤滑油組成物である。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、上記一般式(1)で示されるポリオレフィン系単量体(a)及び下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数4のアルキル基である単量体(b)を構成単量体として含み、さらに下記一般式(3)で示される単量体(c)及び/又は下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数2~3のアルキル基である単量体(d)を構成単量体として含む共重合体(A)を含有する。単量体(a)~(d)はそれぞれ1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
一般式(1)におけるR1は、水素原子又はメチル基である。これらのうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましいのは、メチル基である。
Aは炭素数2~4のアルキレン基であり、エチレン基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレン基、イソブチレン基及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレン基等が挙げられる。
AOは炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキシ基であり、エチレンオキシ基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレンオキシ基、イソブチレンオキシ基及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレンオキシ基等が挙げられる。
mはアルキレンオキサイドの付加モル数であり、1~10の整数であり、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましくは1~4の整数、更に好ましくは1~2の整数である。
mが2以上の場合のAは同一でも異なっていてもよく、(AO)m部分の結合形式はランダム状でもブロック状でもよい。
-X1-のうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましいのは、-O-及び-O(AO)m-で表される基であり、更に好ましくは-O-及び-O(CH2CH2O)1-で表される基である。
pは0又は1の数である。
1,2-ブチレン基を構成単位として含む炭化水素重合体において、全構成単位中の1,2-ブチレン基の比率は、100℃でのHTHS粘度の観点から、10~90モル%が好ましく、更に好ましくは20~80モル%である。
1,2-ブチレン基を構成単位として含む炭化水素重合体において、1,2-ブチレン基の比率が異なるものを2種類併用する場合、2種の1,2-ブチレン基の比率の差の絶対値は、低温粘度の観点から、10~80モル%が好ましく、更に好ましくは20~70モル%である。
1,2-ブチレン基の比率(モル%)={(積分値B)×4}/(積分値C)×100 (1)
なお、1,2-ブチレン基の比率を大きくするには、例えば1,3-ブタジエンを用いたアニオン重合においては、反応温度を1,3-ブタジエンの沸点(-4.4℃)以下の温度で低くし、且つ、重合開始剤の投入量を1,3-ブタジエンに対して少なくすればよく、1,2-ブチレンの比率を小さくするには、反応温度を1,3-ブタジエンの沸点以上の温度で高くし、重合開始剤の投入量を1,3-ブタジエンに対して多くすればよい。
また、単量体(a)としては、モル比(1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体)が1/99~50/50のものと51/49~99/1のものとを併用することが好ましく、さらに好ましくは10/90~50/50のものと55/45~90/10のものとを併用することである。
一般式(1)中のR2の一部または全量を構成する1,3-ブタジエン由来の構造における1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体のモル比率は1H-NMRや13C-NMR、ラマン分光法などで測定することができる。
炭化水素重合体におけるイソブチレン基と1,2-ブチレン基との合計比率は、炭化水素重合体の構成単位の合計モル数に基づいて、低温粘度の観点から、30モル%以上が好ましく、更に好ましくは40モル%以上、特に好ましくは50モル%以上、最も好ましくは60モル%以上である。
イソブチレン基と1,2-ブチレン基との合計比率(モル%)={(積分値A)×2+(積分値B)×4}/(積分値C)×100 (2)
(1)脂肪族不飽和炭化水素[炭素数2~36のオレフィン(例えばエチレン、プロピレン、2-ブテン、イソブテン、ペンテン、ヘプテン、ジイソブチレン、オクテン、ドデセン、オクタデセン、トリアコセン及びヘキサトリアコセン等)及び炭素数4~36のジエン(例えば、イソプレン、1,4-ペンタジエン、1,5-ヘキサジエン及び1,7-オクタジエン等)等]
(2)脂環式不飽和炭化水素[例えばシクロヘキセン、(ジ)シクロペンタジエン、ピネン、リモネン、インデン、ビニルシクロヘキセン及びエチリデンビシクロヘプテン等]
(3)芳香族基含有不飽和炭化水素(例えばスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、エチルスチレン、イソプロピルスチレン、ブチルスチレン、フェニルスチレン、シクロヘキシルスチレン、ベンジルスチレン、クロチルベンゼン、ビニルナフタレン、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルトルエン、ジビニルキシレン及びトリビニルベンゼン等)等が挙げられる。
これらによって構成される炭化水素重合体は、ブロック重合体でもランダム重合体であってもよい。また炭化水素重合体が、炭素-炭素二重結合を有する場合には、水素添加により、二重結合の一部又は全部を水素化したものであってもよい。一態様において、R2における炭化水素重合体は、構成単量体として炭素数4の単量体のみを用いた炭化水素重合体であってよく、炭素数4の単量体は、1-ブテン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンであってよく、必要によりイソブテンを含んでいてもよい。
単量体(a)における1-ブテン、1,3-ブタジエン及びイソブテン以外の不飽和炭化水素の重量割合は、50重量%以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくは25重量%以下、次にさらに好ましくは15重量%以下、特に好ましくは10重量%以下である。
<単量体(a)のMw及びMnの測定条件>
装置 :「HLC-8320GPC」[東ソー(株)製]
カラム :「TSKgel GMHXL」[東ソー(株)製]2本
「TSKgel Multipore H XL-M」
[東ソー(株)製] 1本
測定温度 :40℃
試料溶液 :0.25重量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液
溶液注入量:10.0μl
検出装置 :屈折率検出器
基準物質 :標準ポリスチレン(TS 基準物質 :標準ポリスチレン(TSKstandard POLYSTYRENE))
12点(分子量:589、1,050、2,630、9,100、19,500、37,900、96,400、190,000、355,000、1,090,000、2,110,000、4,480,000)[東ソー(株)製]
単量体(a)のMnが800以上であると粘度指数向上効果が良好である傾向があり、10,000以下であると長期間使用時の剪断安定性が良好である傾向がある。
単量体(a)のMwは、低温粘度の観点から、好ましくは900~13,000であり、更に好ましくは1,200~12,000、特に好ましくは1,500~11,000である。
なお、「(メタ)アクリル」は、「アクリル及び/又はメタクリル」を意味する。
なお、本発明におけるSP値は、Fedors法(Polymer Engineering and Science,February,1974,Vol.14、No.2 P.147~154)の152頁(Table.5)に記載の数値(原子又は官能基の25℃における蒸発熱及びモル体積)を用いて、同153頁の数式(28)に記載の方法で算出される値である。具体的には、Fedors法のパラメータである下記表1に記載のΔei及びΔviの数値から、分子構造内の原子及び原子団の種類に対応した数値を用いて、下記数式に当てはめることで算出することができる。
SP値=(ΣΔei/ΣΔvi)1/2
アルキレンオキサイド付加物(Y1);不飽和炭化水素(x)をイオン重合触媒(リチウム触媒及びナトリウム触媒等)存在下に重合して得られた重合体に、アルキレンオキサイド(エチレンオキサイド及びプロピレンオキサイド等)を付加して得られたもの等(一般式(1)において、-X1-が-(AO)m-であり、p=0であるもの)。
ヒドロホウ素化物(Y2);片末端に二重結合を有する不飽和炭化水素(x)の重合体のヒドロホウ素化反応物(例えば米国特許第4,316,973号明細書に記載のもの)等(一般式(1)において、-X1-が-O-であり、p=0であるもの)。
無水マレイン酸-エン-アミノアルコール付加物(Y3);片末端に二重結合を有する不飽和炭化水素(x)の重合体と無水マレイン酸とのエン反応で得られた反応物を、アミノアルコールでイミド化して得られたもの等(一般式(1)において、-X1-が-O-であり、p=1であるもの)。
ヒドロホルミル-水素化物(Y4);片末端に二重結合を有する不飽和炭化水素(x)の重合体をヒドロホルミル化し、次いで水素化反応して得られたもの(例えば特開昭63-175096号公報に記載のもの)等(一般式(1)において、-X1-が-O-であり、p=0であるもの)。
これらの片末端に水酸基を含有する重合体(Y)のうち、HTHS粘度及び粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのはアルキレンオキサイド付加物(Y1)、ヒドロホウ素化物(Y2)及び無水マレイン酸-エン-アミノアルコール付加物(Y3)であり、更に好ましいのはアルキレンオキサイド付加物(Y1)である。
単量体(b)において、一般式(2)中のR3は水素原子又はメチル基である。これらのうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのはメチル基である。
単量体(b)は、一般式(2)においてR4が炭素数4のアルキル基であるものである。
炭素数4のアルキル基としては、例えば、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、s-ブチル基及びt-ブチル基等が挙げられる。
単量体(b)として、具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル(例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソブチル等)及びN-ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド等が挙げられる。
単量体(b)としては、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチルが好ましく、さらに好ましくは(メタ)アクリル酸n-ブチルである。
一般式(3)におけるR5は、水素原子又はメチル基である。これらのうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのはメチル基である。
炭素数2~4のアルキレン基としては、エチレン基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレン基、イソブチレン基、及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレン基等が挙げられる。
R6Oは炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキシ基であり、エチレンオキシ基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレンオキシ基、イソブチレンオキシ基及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレンオキシ基等が挙げられる。
一般式(3)におけるrは1~20の整数であり、粘度指数向上効果及び低温粘度の観点から、好ましくは1~5の整数であり、更に好ましくは1~2の整数である。
rが2以上の場合のR6Oは同一でも異なっていてもよく、(R6O)r部分の結合形式はランダム状でもブロック状でもよい。
炭素数1~8のアルキル基のうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましいのは、炭素数1~7のアルキル基であり、更に好ましいのは炭素数1~6のアルキル基、特に好ましいのは炭素数1~5のアルキル基、最も好ましいのは炭素数2又は4のアルキル基である。
単量体(c)のうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましいのは、エトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート及びブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートである。
単量体(d)において、一般式(2)中のR3は水素原子又はメチル基である。これらのうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのはメチル基である。
単量体(d)は、一般式(2)においてR4が炭素数2~3のアルキル基であるものである。
炭素数2~3のアルキル基としては、例えばエチル基、n-プロピル基及びイソプロピル基等が挙げられる。
単量体(d)として、具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソプロピル、N-エチル(メタ)アクリルアミド及びN-プロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド等が挙げられる。
単量体(d)としては、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、(メタ)アクリル酸エチルが好ましい。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(c)の重量と単量体(b)の重量との重量比率(c/b)は、0.01~20が好ましく、より好ましくは0.03~5であり、更に好ましくは0.05~2である。重量比率(c/b)が0.01以上であるとゲル化インデックス及び粘度指数が良好である傾向があり、20以下であるとゲル化インデックスが良好である傾向がある。
単量体(e)としては、炭素数9~36の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリロイル単量体(e1)及び下記一般式(4)で表される炭素数9~36の分岐アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリロイル単量体(e2)等が含まれる。
なお、単量体(e)は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
単量体(e1)のうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのは炭素数12~28の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルであり、更に好ましいのは炭素数12~24の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであり、特に好ましいのは炭素数12~20の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステルである。
単量体(e1)は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
一般式(4)における-X4-は、-O-又は-NH-で表される基である。これらのうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、好ましいのは-O-で表される基である。
一般式(4)におけるR9は、炭素数2~4のアルキレン基である。炭素数2~4のアルキレン基としては、エチレン基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレン基、イソブチレン基及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレン基が挙げられる。
R9Oは炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキシ基であり、エチレンオキシ基、1,2-又は1,3-プロピレンオキシ基、イソブチレンオキシ基及び1,2-、1,3-又は1,4-ブチレンオキシ基等が挙げられる。
一般式(4)におけるsは0~20の整数であり、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、0~5の整数が好ましく、更に好ましくは0~2の整数である。
sが2以上である場合のR9Oは同一でも異なっていてもよく、(R9O)s部分はランダム結合でもブロック結合でもよい。
一般式(4)におけるR10及びR11は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~24の直鎖アルキル基である。具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ペンチル基、n-オクチル基、n-ノニル基、n-デシル基、n-ウンデシル基、n-ドデシル基、n-テトラデシル基、n-ヘキサデシル基、n-オクタデシル基、n-エイコシル基及びn-テトラコシル基等が挙げられる。炭素数1~24の直鎖アルキル基のうち、粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましいのは、R10又はR11のうち少なくとも一方が炭素数6~24の直鎖アルキル基であることであり、更に好ましいのはR10又はR11のうち少なくとも一方が炭素数6~20の直鎖アルキル基であることであり、特に好ましいのはR10又はR11のうち少なくとも一方が炭素数8~16の直鎖アルキル基であることである。
R10及びR11の合計炭素数は、7~34であり、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、12~30が好ましく、更に好ましくは14~26である。
R10及びR11を含む炭素鎖は、R10及びR11の一方を分岐鎖とする炭素数9~36の分岐アルキル基となる。分岐アルキル基の炭素数は、9~36であり、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、14~32が好ましく、更に好ましくは16~28である。
単量体(e2)は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
単量体(f)~(n)はそれぞれ1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-(N’-モノアルキルアミノアルキル)(メタ)アクリルアミド[窒素原子に炭素数1~4のアルキル基が1つ結合したアミノアルキル基(炭素数2~6)を有するもの;例えばN-(N’-メチルアミノエチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-(N’-エチルアミノエチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-(N’-イソプロピルアミノ-n-ブチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド及びN-(N’-n-又はイソブチルアミノ-n-ブチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド等]、ジアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド[窒素原子に炭素数1~4のアルキル基が2つ結合したもの;例えばN,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジイソプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド及びN,N-ジ-n-ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド等]、N-(N’,N’-ジアルキルアミノアルキル)(メタ)アクリルアミド[アミノアルキル基の窒素原子に炭素数1~4のアルキル基が2つ結合したアミノアルキル基(炭素数2~6)を有するもの;例えばN-(N’,N’-ジメチルアミノエチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-(N’,N’-ジエチルアミノエチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-(N’,N’-ジメチルアミノプロピル)(メタ)アクリルアミド及びN-(N’,N’-ジ-n-ブチルアミノブチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド等];N-ビニルカルボン酸アミド[N-ビニルホルムアミド、N-ビニルアセトアミド、N-ビニル-プロピオン酸アミド及びN-ビニルヒドロキシアセトアミド等]等が挙げられる。
4-ニトロスチレン等が挙げられる。
1級アミノ基含有単量体{炭素数3~6のアルケニルアミン[(メタ)アリルアミン及びクロチルアミン等]、アミノアルキル(炭素数2~6)(メタ)アクリレート[アミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート等]};2級アミノ基含有単量体{モノアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート[窒素原子に炭素数1~6のアルキル基が1つ結合したアミノアルキル基(炭素数2~6)を有するもの;例えばN-t-ブチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート及びN-メチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート等]、炭素数6~12のジアルケニルアミン[ジ(メタ)アリルアミン等]};3級アミノ基含有単量体{ジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート[窒素原子に炭素数1~6のアルキル基が2つ結合したアミノアルキル基(炭素数2~6)を有するもの;例えばN,N-ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート及びN,N-ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート等]、窒素原子を有する脂環式(メタ)アクリレート[モルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート等]、芳香族系単量体[N-(N’,N’-ジフェニルアミノエチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチルアミノスチレン、4-ビニルピリジン、2-ビニルピリジン、N-ビニルピロール、N-ビニルピロリドン及びN-ビニルチオピロリドン等]}、及びこれらの塩酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩又は低級アルキル(炭素数1~8)モノカルボン酸(酢酸及びプロピオン酸等)塩等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロニトリル等が挙げられる。
水酸基含有芳香族単量体(p-ヒドロキシスチレン等)、ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数2~6)(メタ)アクリレート[2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、及び2-又は3-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等]、モノ-又はビス-ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数1~4)置換(メタ)アクリルアミド[N,N-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ビス(ヒドロキシプロピル)(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ビス(2-ヒドロキシブチル)(メタ)アクリルアミド等]、ビニルアルコール、炭素数3~12のアルケノール[(メタ)アリルアルコール、クロチルアルコール、イソクロチルアルコール、1-オクテノール及び1-ウンデセノール等]、炭素数4~12のアルケンモノオール又はアルケンジオール[1-ブテン-3-オール、2-ブテン-1-オール及び2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール等]、ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数1~6)アルケニル(炭素数3~10)エーテル(2-ヒドロキシエチルプロペニルエーテル等)、多価(3~8価)アルコール(グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ジグリセリン、糖類及び蔗糖等)のアルケニル(炭素数3~10)エーテル又は(メタ)アクリレート[蔗糖(メタ)アリルエーテル等]等;
ポリオキシアルキレングリコール(アルキレン基の炭素数2~4、重合度2~50)、ポリオキシアルキレンポリオール[上記3~8価のアルコールのポリオキシアルキレンエーテル(アルキレン基の炭素数2~4、重合度2~100)等]、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール又はポリオキシアルキレンポリオールのアルキル(炭素数1~4)エーテルのモノ(メタ)アクリレート[ポリエチレングリコール(Mn:100~300)モノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール(Mn:130~500)モノ(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコール(Mn:110~310)(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリルアルコールエチレンオキサイド付加物(2~30モル)(メタ)アクリレート及びモノ(メタ)アクリル酸ポリオキシエチレン(Mn:150~230)ソルビタン等]等;が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキル(炭素数2~4)リン酸エステル[(メタ)アクリロイロキシエチルホスフェート及び(メタ)アクリロイロキシイソプロピルホスフェート]及びリン酸アルケニルエステル[リン酸ビニル、リン酸アリル、リン酸プロペニル、リン酸イソプロペニル、リン酸ブテニル、リン酸ペンテニル、リン酸オクテニル、リン酸デセニル及びリン酸ドデセニル等]等が挙げられる。なお、「(メタ)アクリロイロキシ」は、アクリロイロキシ又はメタクリロイロキシを意味する。
(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキル(炭素数2~4)ホスホン酸[(メタ)アクリロイロキシエチルホスホン酸等]及びアルケニル(炭素数2~12)ホスホン酸[ビニルホスホン酸、アリルホスホン酸及びオクテニルホスホン酸等]等が挙げられる。
スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、4-エチルスチレン、4-イソプロピルスチレン、4-ブチルスチレン、4-フェニルスチレン、4-シクロヘキシルスチレン、4-ベンジルスチレン、4-クロチルベンゼン、インデン及び2-ビニルナフタレン等が挙げられる。
炭素数2~12の飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステル(酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル及びオクタン酸ビニル等)、炭素数1~12のアルキル、アリール又はアルコキシアルキルビニルエーテル(メチルビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、プロピルビニルエーテル、ブチルビニルエーテル、2-エチルヘキシルビニルエーテル、フェニルビニルエーテル、ビニル-2-メトキシエチルエーテル及びビニル-2-ブトキシエチルエーテル等)及び炭素数1~8のアルキル又はアリールビニルケトン(メチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルケトン及びフェニルビニルケトン等)等が挙げられる。
グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート及びグリシジル(メタ)アリルエーテル等が挙げられる。
塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、塩化(メタ)アリル及びハロゲン化スチレン(ジクロロスチレン等)等が挙げられる。
不飽和ポリカルボン酸のアルキル、シクロアルキル又はアラルキルエステル[不飽和ジカルボン酸(マレイン酸、フマール酸及びイタコン酸等)の炭素数1~8のアルキルジエステル(ジメチルマレエート、ジメチルフマレート、ジエチルマレエート及びジオクチルマレエート等)]等が挙げられる。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(g)の重量割合は、実効温度でのHTHS粘度及び粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、40重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは1~30重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(h)の重量割合は、実効温度でのHTHS粘度及び粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、30重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは1~20重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(i)の重量割合は、実効温度でのHTHS粘度及び粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、20重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは1~15重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(j)の重量割合は、実効温度でのHTHS粘度の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、10重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは1~5重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(k)の重量割合は、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、5重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.5~2重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(l)の重量割合は、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、20重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは1~10重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(m)の重量割合は、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、5重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.1~2重量%である。
共重合体(A)において、共重合体(A)の構成単量体のうち単量体(n)の重量割合は、粘度指数向上効果の観点から、共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて、1重量%以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.01~0.5重量%である。
Mnが2,500以上であると粘度温度特性の向上効果や粘度指数向上効果が良好である傾向がある。また粘度指数向上剤の添加量が多すぎず、コスト面でも有利である。Mnが300,000以下であると剪断安定性が良好である傾向がある。
共重合体(A)の分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、剪断安定性の観点から、1.0~4.0が好ましく、更に好ましくは1.5~3.5である。
なお、共重合体(A)のMw、Mn及び分子量分布の測定条件は上記単量体(a)のMw及びMnの測定条件と同様である。
溶剤としては、トルエン、キシレン、炭素数9~10のアルキルベンゼン、メチルエチルケトン、鉱物油、合成油等及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
重合触媒としては、アゾ系触媒(2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)及び2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)等)、過酸化物系触媒(ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、クミルパーオキサイド及びラウリルパーオキサイド等)及びレドックス系触媒(ベンゾイルパーオキサイドと3級アミンの混合物等)等が挙げられる。
更に分子量調整のために必要により、公知の連鎖移動剤(炭素数2~20のアルキルメルカプタン等)を使用することもできる。
重合温度は、好ましくは25~140℃であり、更に好ましくは50~120℃である。また、上記の溶液重合の他に、塊状重合、乳化重合又は懸濁重合により共重合体(A)を得ることができる。
共重合体(A)の重合形態としては、ランダム付加重合体又は交互共重合体のいずれでもよく、また、グラフト共重合体又はブロック共重合体のいずれでもよい。
共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算するSP値(共重合体(A)のSP値と略記することがある)は、前記SP値の算出方法を用いて共重合体(A)を構成する各単量体に由来する構成単位(ビニル基が重合反応により単結合となった構造)のSP値を算出し、仕込み時の各構成単量体の重量分率に基づいて相加平均した値を意味する。例えば、単量体がメタクリル酸メチルの場合、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位は、原子団として、CH3が2個、CH2が1個、Cが1個、CO2が1個なので、下記数式により、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位のSP値は9.933(cal/cm3)1/2であることが分かる。同様に計算して、メタクリル酸エチルに由来する構成単位のSP値は9.721(cal/cm3)1/2であることがわかる。
ΣΔei=1125×2+1180+350+4300=8080
ΣΔvi=33.5×2+16.1-19.2+18.0=81.9
δ=(8080/81.9)1/2=9.933(cal/cm3)1/2
共重合体がメタクリル酸メチル50重量%とメタクリル酸エチル50重量%との重合物である場合、共重合体のSP値は、下記の通り各単量体に由来する構成単位のSP値の重量分率に基づいて相加平均することにより算出される。
共重合体のSP値=(9.933×50+9.721×50)/100=9.827
共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算するSP値は、使用する単量体、使用する各単量体の重量分率を適宜調整することにより所望の範囲にすることができる。具体的には、アルキル基の炭素数の大きい単量体を多く使用することでSP値を小さくすることができ、アルキル基の炭素数の小さい単量体を多く使用することでSP値を大きくすることができる。
なお、本発明において、共重合体(A)のSSIとは、共重合体(A)の剪断による粘度低下をパーセンテージで示すものであり、ASTM D6278に準拠して測定された値である。より具体的には、下記数式(3)により算出された値である。
SSI=(Κν0-Κν1)/(Κν0-Κνoil) (3)
上記数式(3)中、Κν0は、共重合体(A)を含む粘度指数向上剤を鉱油に希釈した試料油の100℃における動粘度の値であり、Κν1は、当該の共重合体(A)を含む粘度指数向上剤を鉱油に希釈した試料油をASTM D6278の手順にしたがって、30サイクル高剪断ボッシュ・ディーゼルインジェクターに通過させた後の100℃における動粘度の値である。また、Κνoilは、当該粘度指数向上剤を希釈する際に用いた鉱油の100℃における動粘度の値である。
(共)重合体(B)としては、単量体(a)を含まない(共)重合体が含まれ、例えば炭素数9~36の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリロイル単量体(e)を構成単量体として含む(共)重合体等が挙げられる。具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-テトラデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ヘキサデシル及び(メタ)アクリル酸n-オクタデシル共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸n-オクタデシル/(メタ)アクリル酸n-ドデシル(モル比10~30/90~70)共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸n-テトラデシル/(メタ)アクリル酸n-ドデシル(モル比10~30/90~70)共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ヘキサデシル/(メタ)アクリル酸n-ドデシル/(メタ)アクリル酸メチル(モル比20~40/55~75/0~10)共重合体及びアクリル酸n-ドデシル/メタクリル酸n-ドデシル(モル比10~40/90~60)共重合体等が挙げられ、これらは単独でも2種以上を併用してもよい。
(共)重合体(B)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算するSP値は、基油への溶解性の観点から、7.0~10が好ましく、更に好ましくは8.0~9.5である。
なお、(共)重合体(B)のMwの測定条件は上記単量体(a)のMwの測定条件と同様であり、SP値の計算方法は共重合体(A)と同様である。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤において、低温粘度の観点から、(共)重合体(B)を粘度指数向上剤の重量に基づいて0.01~5重量%含有することが好ましい。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、上記共重合体(A)とエステル油(Z)とを含有する。エステル油は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、前記単量体(a)及び単量体(b)を構成単量体として含み、さらに単量体(c)及び/又は単量体(d)を構成単量体として含む共重合体(A)と、エステル油(Z)とを含有することにより、分子量の高い共重合体(A)を高濃度で含む場合でも、粘度が低く、粘度指数向上剤の取り扱い性が良好である傾向があり、粘度指数向上剤を製造した後、反応槽から取り出すことが容易である。さらに、本発明の粘度指数向上剤を希釈して潤滑油組成物とした場合は、粘度指数向上剤がエステル油(Z)を含有することで、潤滑油組成物が含む油成分が炭化水素油だけの場合よりも、高温では分子が広がりやすく、温度を下げた場合に分子が凝集しやすく、共重合体(A)の分子挙動が良好となり、100℃でのHTHS粘度及び40℃での動粘度に優れたものとなり、ゲル化インデックスが良好となるものと推察される。
エステル油(Z)としては、従来から潤滑油として使用されている潤滑機能のあるエステル化合物であれば特に限定されない。例えば、特開平11-172267号公報記載の二価カルボン酸とアルコールからなるエステル、特開2003-321691号公報記載の一価カルボン酸とジオールからなるエステル、特開平10-77494号公報記載のフォスフェートエステルなどが挙げられる。
これらのうち、低温粘度の観点から、好ましいのは、炭素数4~16の脂肪族飽和二価カルボン酸と炭素数6~24の脂肪族飽和一価アルコールとのエステル化物であるエステル油(z1)、及び炭素数6~24の脂肪族飽和一価カルボン酸と炭素数4~16の脂肪族飽和二価アルコールとのエステル化物であるエステル油(z2)である。
エステル油(Z)としては、40℃での動粘度の観点から、合計炭素数が10~40のエステル化物が好ましく、更に好ましくは合計炭素数が15~35のエステル化物である。
エステル油(z1)のうち、低温粘度の観点から、炭素数4~16の直鎖飽和アルキル二価カルボン酸と炭素数6~24の脂肪族飽和一価アルコールとのエステル化物が好ましく、更に好ましくは炭素数4~16の直鎖飽和アルキル二価カルボン酸と炭素数6~24の分岐飽和アルキルモノアルコールとのエステル化物であり、特に好ましくは炭素数4~10の直鎖飽和アルキル二価カルボン酸と炭素数6~20の分岐飽和アルキルモノアルコールとのエステル化物である。
エステル油(z2)のうち、低温粘度の観点から、炭素数6~24の脂肪族飽和一価カルボン酸と炭素数4~16の直鎖飽和アルキルジオールとのエステル化物が好ましく、更に好ましくは炭素数6~24の分岐飽和アルキルモノカルボン酸と炭素数4~16の直鎖飽和アルキルジオールとのエステル化物であり、特に好ましくは炭素数6~20の分岐飽和アルキルモノカルボン酸と炭素数4~12の直鎖飽和アルキルジオールとのエステル化物である。
エステル油(Z)の100℃における動粘度は、エステル油(Z)を合成する際のカルボン酸とアルキルアルコールの炭素数を変えることによって調整することができる。具体的には、炭素数が大きいものを用いると、100℃における動粘度は高くなる。
エステル油(Z)の粘度指数(JIS-K2283で測定したもの)は、潤滑油組成物の粘度指数の観点から、100以上が好ましく、更に好ましくは105~180である。
エステル油(Z)の粘度指数は、エステル油を合成する際のカルボン酸とアルキルアルコールの炭素数を変えることによって調整することができる。具体的には、炭素数が大きいものを用いると、粘度指数は高くなる。
エステル油(Z)のSP値は、各種添加剤の溶解性の観点から、8.0~10.0(cal/cm3)1/2が好ましく、更に好ましくは8.5~9.5(cal/cm3)1/2である。
共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算するSP値とエステル油(Z)のSP値との差の絶対値は、相溶性の観点から、0.1~2.0(cal/cm3)1/2が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.1~1.5(cal/cm3)1/2、特に好ましくは0.1~1.0(cal/cm3)1/2である。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、粘度指数向上剤の取り扱い性、得られる潤滑油組成物のHTHS粘度の低減及び低温粘度の観点から、エステル油(Z)を粘度指数向上剤の重量を基準として、30~90重量%含有することが好ましく、さらに好ましくは40~89重量%であり、特に好ましくは50~87重量%である。この範囲であると、基油として炭化水素油を用いて潤滑油組成物を製造した場合、潤滑油組成物中のエステル油の含有量が適度となり、HTHS粘度が低く低温粘度に優れた潤滑油組成物を得られる傾向がある。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、粘度指数向上剤の取り扱い性、潤滑油組成物のゲル化インデックス及び250℃での蒸発性の観点から、共重合体(A)を粘度指数向上剤の重量を基準として、10~70重量%含有することが好ましく、更に好ましくは10~40重量%であり、特に好ましくは12~40重量%である。
エステル油(Z)以外の基油としては、炭化水素油が含まれ、具体的には、API分類のグループI~IVの炭化水素油等が挙げられる。
なお、炭化水素油として鉱物油のように複数の炭化水素化合物の混合物を用いる場合、GPCによる分子量の測定、1H-NMR及び13C-NMR等による分子構造の解析で、おおよその構成成分及びその分子構造がわかり、モル分率に基づく相加平均により炭化水素油のSP値を算出することができる。
共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算するSP値と炭化水素油のSP値との差の絶対値は、基油に対して、共重合体(A)を製造するために使用する単量体の種類、重量分率を適宜調整することにより所望の範囲にすることができる。
炭化水素油の粘度指数(JIS-K2283で測定したもの)は、潤滑油組成物の粘度指数及び低温流動性の観点から、好ましくは100以上である。
粘度指数向上剤中の共重合体(A)と炭化水素油との重量比((A)/炭化水素油)は、HTHS粘度の観点から、10/90~100/0が好ましく、更に好ましくは20/80~90/10である。
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、粘度指数向上剤の酸化安定性、並びに潤滑油組成物の酸化安定性及び250℃での蒸発性の観点から、炭化水素油を粘度指数向上剤の重量を基準として、1~35重量%含有することが好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、本発明の粘度指数向上剤と、清浄剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤、油性向上剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦摩耗調整剤、極圧剤、消泡剤、抗乳化剤、金属不活性剤及び腐食防止剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤とを含有してなる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、省燃費性の観点から、共重合体(A)を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて0.1重量%以上、10重量%未満となるように含有することが好ましく、更に好ましくは0.5重量%以上、10重量%未満である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物において、低温粘度の観点から、(共)重合体(B)を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて0.01~2重量%となるように含有することが好ましい。
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、ゲル化インデックス、低温粘度、100℃でのHTHS粘度及び40℃での動粘度の観点から、エステル油(Z)を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて1~99.9重量%となるように含有することが好ましく、さらに好ましくは1~30重量%である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物において、酸化安定性の観点から、炭化水素油を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて98.89重量%以下となるように含有することが好ましく、さらに好ましくは50~90重量%である。
潤滑油組成物がギヤ油として使用される場合には、100℃における動粘度が2~10mm2/sの基油(エステル油(Z)又はエステル油(Z)と炭化水素油との混合物)に、共重合体(A)を3~20重量%含有しているものが好ましい。
潤滑油組成物が自動変速機油(ATF及びbelt-CVTF等)として使用される場合には、100℃における動粘度が2~6mm2/sの基油(エステル油(Z)又はエステル油(Z)と炭化水素油との混合物)に、共重合体(A)を3~20重量%含有しているものが好ましい。
潤滑油組成物がトラクション油として使用される場合には、100℃における動粘度が1~5mm2/sの基油(エステル油(Z)又はエステル油(Z)と炭化水素油との混合物)に、共重合体(A)を0.5~10重量%含有しているものが好ましい。
潤滑油組成物中に含まれるエステル油(Z)と炭化水素油との重量比((Z)/炭化水素油)は、ゲル化インデックス、低温粘度、100℃でのHTHS粘度、40℃での動粘度、酸化安定性及び250℃での蒸発性の観点から、1/99~20/80が好ましく、更に好ましくは2/98~9/91である。この範囲であると、潤滑油組成物の酸化安定性及び250℃での蒸発性を低下させることなく、ゲル化インデックス、低温粘度、100℃でのHTHS粘度及び40℃での動粘度を良好にすることができる傾向にある。
潤滑油組成物中に含まれる共重合体(A)と炭化水素油との重量比((A)/炭化水素油)は、HTHS粘度の観点から、99.9/0.1~1/99が好ましく、更に好ましくは99/1~10/90である。
(1)清浄剤:
塩基性、過塩基性又は中性の金属塩[スルフォネート(石油スルフォネート、アルキルベンゼンスルフォネート及びアルキルナフタレンスルフォネート等)の過塩基性又はアルカリ土類金属塩等]、サリシレート類、フェネート類、ナフテネート類、カーボネート類、フォスフォネート類及びこれらの混合物;
(2)分散剤:
コハク酸イミド類(ビス-又はモノ-ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド類)、マンニッヒ縮合物及びボレート類等;
(3)酸化防止剤:
ヒンダードフェノール類及び芳香族2級アミン類等;
(4)油性向上剤:
長鎖脂肪酸及びそれらのエステル(オレイン酸及びオレイン酸エステル等)、長鎖アミン及びそれらのアミド(オレイルアミン及びオレイルアミド等)等;
(5)流動点降下剤
ポリアルキルメタクリレート、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体等;
(6)摩擦摩耗調整剤:
モリブデン系及び亜鉛系化合物(モリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンジチオカーバメート及びジンクジアルキルジチオフォスフェート等)等;
(7)極圧剤:
硫黄系化合物(モノ又はジスルフィド、スルフォキシド及び硫黄フォスファイド化合物)、フォスファイド化合物及び塩素系化合物(塩素化パラフィン等)等;
(8)消泡剤:
シリコン油、金属石けん、脂肪酸エステル及びフォスフェート化合物等;
(9)抗乳化剤:
4級アンモニウム塩(テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩等)、硫酸化油及びフォスフェート(ポリオキシエチレン含有非イオン性界面活性剤のフォスフェート等)、炭化水素系溶剤(トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン)等;
(10)金属不活性剤
窒素原子含有化合物(ベンゾトリアゾール等)、窒素原子含有キレート化合物(N,N’-ジサリチデン-1,2-ジアミノプロパン等)、窒素・硫黄原子含有化合物(2-(n-ドデシルチオ)ベンズイミダゾール等)等;
(11)腐食防止剤:
窒素原子含有化合物(ベンゾトリアゾール及び1,3,4-チオジアゾリル-2,5-ビスジアルキルジチオカーバメート等)等。
これらの添加剤のそれぞれの含有量は潤滑油組成物全量を基準として0.1~15重量%であることが好ましい。また各添加剤を合計した含有量は潤滑油組成物全量を基準として0.1~30重量%が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.3~20重量%である。
炭化水素重合体中の1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体のモル比(ブタジエン由来の構造におけるモル比)は、重合体を13C-NMRにより分析し、上記数式(1)に使用した積分値Bの値及び積分値Cの値から、下記数式(3)により求めた。
1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体のモル比={100×積分値B×4/積分値C}/{100-(100×積分値B×4/積分値C)} (3)
温度調節装置及び撹拌機を備えた1LのSUS製耐圧反応容器に、脱気及び脱水したヘキサンを400重量部、テトラヒドロフラン0.5重量部、1,3-ブタジエン90重量部、n-ブチルリチウム0.9重量部を仕込んだ後、重合温度を50℃とし重合させた。
重合率がほぼ100%となった後、エチレンオキサイド2重量部を加え、50℃でさらに3時間反応させた。反応を停止させるために水50重量部と1N-塩酸水溶液25重量部を加えて80℃で1時間撹拌した。反応溶液の有機相を分液ロートにて回収し、70℃に昇温後、0.027~0.040MPaの減圧下で溶媒を2時間かけて除去した。
得られた片末端水酸基含有のポリブタジエンを、温度調節装置、攪拌機、水素導入管を備えた反応容器に移し入れ、テトラヒドロフラン150重量部を加えて均一に溶解させた。そこにパラジウム炭素10重量部とテトラヒドロフラン50重量部をあらかじめ混合した懸濁液を注ぎ入れた後、水素導入管より30mL/分の流量で液中に水素を供給しながら、室温で8時間反応させた。その後ろ過にてパラジウム炭素を取り除き、得られたろ液を70℃に昇温して0.027~0.040MPaの減圧下でテトラヒドロフランを除去して水素化ポリブタジエンの片末端水酸基含有重合体(Y-1)を得た。
得られた(Y-1)の分子量をGPCで測定し、1,2-ブチレン基の比率を13C-NMRにて測定した。結果はMw=7,000、Mn=6,500、1,2-ブチレン基の比率=45モル%、モル比(1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体)=45/55であった。
温度調節装置及び撹拌機を備えた1LのSUS製耐圧反応容器に、脱気及び脱水したヘキサンを400重量部、テトラヒドロフラン2重量部、1,3-ブタジエン90重量部、n-ブチルリチウム0.9重量部を仕込んだ後、重合温度をマイナス0℃とし重合させた。
重合率がほぼ100%となった後、エチレンオキサイド2重量部を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。反応を停止させるために水50重量部と1N-塩酸水溶液25重量部を加えて80℃で1時間撹拌した。反応溶液の有機相を分液ロートにて回収し、70℃に昇温後、0.027~0.040MPaの減圧下で溶媒を2時間かけて除去した。
得られた片末端水酸基含有のポリブタジエンを、温度調節装置、攪拌機、水素導入管を備えた反応容器に移し入れ、テトラヒドロフラン150重量部を加えて均一に溶解させた。そこにパラジウム炭素10重量部とテトラヒドロフラン50重量部をあらかじめ混合した懸濁液を注ぎ入れた後、水素導入管より30mL/分の流量で液中に水素を供給しながら、室温で8時間反応させた。その後ろ過にてパラジウム炭素を取り除き、得られたろ液を70℃に昇温して0.027~0.040MPaの減圧下でテトラヒドロフランを除去して水素化ポリブタジエンの片末端水酸基含有重合体(Y-2)を得た。
得られた(Y-2)の分子量をGPCで測定し、1,2-ブチレン基の比率を13C-NMRにて測定した。結果はMw=7,000、Mn=6,500、1,2-ブチレン基の比率=65モル%、モル比(1,2-付加体/1,4-付加体)=65/35であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、滴下ロート、窒素吹き込み管及び減圧装置を備えた反応容器に、炭化水素油1(100℃の動粘度:4.2mm2/s、粘度指数:122)75重量部を投入し、別のガラス製ビーカーに、メタクリル酸n-ドデシル244重量部、メタクリル酸n-テトラデシル24重量部、メタクリル酸n-ヘキサデシル41重量部、メタクリル酸n-オクタデシル16重量部、連鎖移動剤としてのドデシルメルカプタン0.6重量部、2,2-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.5重量部及び2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)0.2重量部を投入し、20℃で撹拌、混合して単量体溶液を調製し、滴下ロートに投入した。
反応容器の気相部の窒素置換(気相酸素濃度:100ppm以下)を行った後、密閉下系内温度を70~85℃に保ちながら、2時間かけて単量体溶液を滴下し、滴下終了から2時間、85℃で熟成した後、120~130℃に昇温後、同温度で減圧下(0.027~0.040MPa)にて未反応の単量体を2時間かけて除去し、炭化水素油中に65重量%の共重合体(B)を含有する共重合体組成物(B-1)を得た。得られた共重合体(B)のMwは53,000、SP値は9.0であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、滴下ロート、窒素吹き込み管及び減圧装置を備えた反応容器に、エステル油(Z-1)(アジピン酸ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)、100℃の動粘度:2.3mm2/s、粘度指数:118)75重量部を投入し、別のガラス製ビーカーに、メタクリル酸n-ドデシル244重量部、メタクリル酸n-テトラデシル24重量部、メタクリル酸n-ヘキサデシル41重量部、メタクリル酸n-オクタデシル16重量部、連鎖移動剤としてのドデシルメルカプタン0.6重量部、2,2-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.5重量部及び2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)0.2重量部を投入し、20℃で撹拌、混合して単量体溶液を調製し、滴下ロートに投入した。
反応容器の気相部の窒素置換(気相酸素濃度:100ppm以下)を行った後、密閉下系内温度を70~85℃に保ちながら、2時間かけて単量体溶液を滴下し、滴下終了から2時間、85℃で熟成した後、120~130℃に昇温後、同温度で減圧下(0.027~0.040MPa)にて未反応の単量体を2時間かけて除去し、エステル油中に65重量%の共重合体(B)を含有する共重合体組成物(B-2)を得た。得られた共重合体(B)のMwは53,000、SP値は9.0であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、表3-1、表3-2又は表4に記載の基油、単量体配合物、及び触媒を表3-1、表3-2又は表4に記載の量投入し、窒素置換(気相酸素濃度100ppm)を行った後、密閉下、撹拌しながら76℃に昇温し、同温度で4時間重合反応を行った。120~130℃に昇温後、同温度で減圧下(0.027~0.040MPa)未反応の単量体を2時間かけて除去した。さらに、製造例3で得た共重合体組成物(B-1)又は製造例4で得た共重合体組成物(B-2)を表3-1、表3-2又は表4に記載の量加えて、粘度指数向上剤(R-1)~(R-28)及び(S-1)~(S-4)を得た。共重合体(A-1)~(A-18)及び(A’-1)~(A’-3)のSP値を上記の方法で計算し、Mw及びMnを上記の方法で測定した。また、共重合体(A)の基油溶解性を以下の方法で評価した。さらに、粘度指数向上剤の酸化安定性を以下の方法で評価した。さらに、粘度指数向上剤の90℃の動粘度を以下の方法で測定した。結果を表3-1、表3-2又は表4に示す。
25℃で1日間温調した粘度指数向上剤(R-1)~(R-28)及び(S-1)~(S-4)の外観を、25℃の室温下で、蛍光白色灯下で目視にて観察し、以下の評価基準で共重合体(A)の基油への溶解性を評価した。
[評価基準]
○:外観が均一であり、共重合体の不溶解物がない
×:外観が不均一であり、共重合体の不溶解物が認められる
JIS-K2514に準拠し、165.5℃±0.5℃で120時間、酸化安定性試験を実施し、試験前後での粘度指数向上剤並びに潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量(mgKOH/g)を測定した。数値が小さいほど、酸化安定性に優れることを表す。
[評価基準:粘度指数向上剤]
◎:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が30mgKOH/g以下
○:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が30mgKOH/gを超え、50mgKOH/g以下
△:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が50mgKOH/gを超え、70mgKOH/g以下
JIS-K2283の方法で90℃の動粘度を測定した。数値が低いほど、粘度が低く、取扱性に優れることを意味する。
(a-1):製造例1で得た水素化ポリブタジエンの片末端水酸基含有重合体(1,2-ブチレン基の比率=45モル%)(Y-1)のメタクリル酸エステル化物[Mn:6,600]
(a-2):製造例2で得た水素化ポリブタジエンの片末端水酸基含有重合体(1,2-ブチレン基の比率=65モル%)(Y-2)のメタクリル酸エステル化物[Mn:6,600]
(b-1):メタクリル酸n-ブチル
(b-2):メタクリル酸イソブチル
(c-1):エトキシエチルメタクリレート
(c-2):ブトキシエチルメタクリレート
(d-1):メタクリル酸エチル
(d-2):メタクリル酸イソプロピル
(e-1):メタクリル酸n-ドデシル(Neodol25(シェルケミカルズ社製)とメタクリル酸とのエステル化物)
(e-2):炭素数12~13の直鎖及び分岐アルキルメタクリレート混合物(Neodol23(シェルケミカルズ社製)とメタクリル酸とのエステル化物)
(e-3):炭素数14~15の直鎖及び分岐アルキルメタクリレート混合物(Neodol45(シェルケミカルズ社製)とメタクリル酸とのエステル化物)
(e-4):メタクリル酸n-ヘキサデシル
(e-5):メタクリル酸n-オクタデシル
(e-6):メタクリル酸2-n-デシルテトラデシル
(e-7):メタクリル酸2-n-ドデシルヘキサデシル
(e-8):メタクリル酸2-n-テトラデシルオクタデシル
(f-1):N,N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート
エステル油(Z-1):アジピン酸ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)(SP値=8.93(cal/cm3)1/2、100℃の動粘度=2.3mm2/s、粘度指数=118)
エステル油(Z-2):セバシン酸ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)(SP値:8.87(cal/cm3)1/2、100℃の動粘度:3.2mm2/s、粘度指数:151)
エステル油(Z-3):アジピン酸ジイソデシル(SP値:8.97(cal/cm3)1/2、100℃の動粘度:3.6mm2/s、粘度指数:141)
炭化水素油1:SP値=8.3~8.4(cal/cm3)1/2、100℃の動粘度=4.2mm2/s、粘度指数=122
炭化水素油2:SP値=8.2~8.3(cal/cm3)1/2、100℃の動粘度=3.1mm2/s、粘度指数=106
撹拌装置を備えたステンレス製容器に、炭化水素油(SP値:8.3~8.4、100℃の動粘度:4.2mm2/s、粘度指数:128)90重量部とパッケージ添加剤「Infineum P5741」(塩基価=84mgKOH/g、カルシウム含量=2.49%、窒素含量=0.68%、リン含量=0.78%、硫酸灰分=9.76%、亜鉛含量=0.86%)10重量部を投入し、得られる潤滑油組成物の150℃のHTHS粘度が2.60±0.05(mPa・s)になるように、それぞれ粘度指数向上剤(R-1)~(R-28)又は(S-1)~(S-4)を添加し、潤滑油組成物(V-1)~(V-28)及び(W-1)~(W-4)を得た。
潤滑油組成物(V-1)~(V-28)及び(W-1)~(W-4)の剪断安定性(BOSCH SSI、Sonic SSI)、HTHS粘度(150℃、100℃、80℃)、動粘度(100℃、40℃)、粘度指数、ゲル化インデックス、低温粘度(-40℃)、250℃での蒸発性、酸化安定性を以下の方法で測定した。結果を表5又は6に示す。
撹拌装置を備えたステンレス製容器に、炭化水素油(SP値:8.3~8.4、100℃の動粘度:4.2mm2/s、粘度指数:128)90重量部とパッケージ添加剤(Infineum P5741)10重量部を投入し、得られる潤滑油組成物の150℃のHTHS粘度が2.30±0.05(mPa・s)になるように、それぞれ粘度指数向上剤(R-1)~(R-28)又は(S-1)~(S-4)を添加し、潤滑油組成物(V-29)~(V-56)及び(W-5)~(W-8)を得た。潤滑油組成物(V-29)~(V-56)及び(W-5)~(W-8)の剪断安定性(BOSCH SSI、Sonic SSI)、HTHS粘度(150℃、100℃、80℃)、動粘度(100℃、40℃)、粘度指数、ゲル化インデックス、低温粘度(-40℃)、250℃での蒸発性、酸化安定性を以下の方法で測定した。結果を表7又は表8に示す。
ASTM D 4683の方法により、80℃、100℃及び150℃で測定した。80℃及び100℃のHTHS粘度が低いほど、良好であることを意味する。
JIS-K2283の方法で40℃と100℃の動粘度を測定し、JIS-K2283の方法で粘度指数を計算した。粘度指数の値が大きいほど粘度指数向上効果が高いことを意味する。
ASTM D 6278の方法で測定し、ASTM D 6022の方法で計算した。値が小さいほど、剪断安定性が高いことを意味する。
超音波剪断装置を用いて、JPI-5S-29-2006の方法で測定し、ASTM D 6022の方法で計算した。値が小さいほど、剪断安定性が高いことを意味する。
JPI-5S-42-2004の方法で-40℃での粘度を測定した。値が小さいほど、低温粘度が低いことを意味する。
走査型ブルックフィールド粘度計をASTM D 5133の方法で操作してゲル化インデックスを測定した。具体的には、約20mlの潤滑油組成物をガラス固定子中にフィルラインまで注ぎ、90℃で1.5時間予熱した後、温度勾配プログラムを設定して、1℃/時間の走査速度で-5℃~-40℃に冷却し、ゲル化インデックスを測定した。なお、値が小さいほど、低温での粘度特性が良く、エンジン油として良好であることを意味する。
ASTM D 5800の方法で250℃での蒸発率を測定した。値が小さいほど、潤滑油の蒸発率が低く、エンジン油として良好である。
JIS-K2514に準拠し、165.5℃±0.5℃で120時間、酸化安定性試験を実施し、試験前後での粘度指数向上剤並びに潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量(mgKOH/g)を測定した。数値が小さいほど、酸化安定性に優れることを表す。
[評価基準:潤滑油組成物]
◎:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が3.0mgKOH/g以下
○:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が3.0mgKOH/gを超え、5.0mgKOH/g以下
△:試験前後での潤滑油組成物の全酸価の増加量が5.0mgKOH/gを超え、7.0mgKOH/g以下
比較例5~7及び9~11の潤滑油組成物は、単量体(a)を構成単量体としていない共重合体(A’)を含む比較例1、単量体(b)を構成単量体としていない共重合体(A’)を含む比較例2、又は、単量体(c)及び単量体(d)を構成単量体としていない共重合体(A’)を含む比較例3の粘度指数向上剤を用いている。
これらの比較例の潤滑油組成物と、SP値及びMwをほぼ同じとし、単量体(a)及び単量体(b)を構成単量体として含み、さらに単量体(c)及び/又は単量体(d)を構成単量体として含む共重合体(A)を含有する実施例1、26又は25の粘度指数向上剤を用いた実施例29、54、53、57、82及び81の潤滑油組成物と比較すると、ゲル化インデックス、100℃でのHTHS粘度及び40℃での動粘度が劣っていることがわかる。さらに、粘度指数、剪断安定性、低温粘度、酸化安定性及び250℃での蒸発性も劣ることがわかる。また、エステル油を含有していない比較例4の粘度指数向上剤を用いた比較例8及び12の潤滑油組成物は、同じ共重合体(A)を含有する実施例29及び57と比較して、ゲル化インデックス、100℃でのHTHS粘度及び40℃での動粘度が劣っていることがわかる。さらに、粘度指数及び低温粘度も劣ることがわかる。
Claims (13)
- 下記一般式(1)で示されるポリオレフィン系単量体(a)及び下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数4のアルキル基である単量体(b)を構成単量体として含み、さらに下記一般式(3)で示される単量体(c)及び/又は下記一般式(2)で表される単量体であってR4が炭素数2~3のアルキル基である単量体(d)を構成単量体として含む共重合体(A)と、エステル油(Z)とを含有してなる粘度指数向上剤。
- 粘度指数向上剤中に含まれる共重合体(A)とエステル油(Z)との重量比((A)/(Z))が10/90~70/30である請求項1に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるR2が、1,2-ブチレン基に加えて、更にイソブチレン基を構成単位として含む炭化水素重合体から水素原子を1つ除いた残基であって、該炭化水素重合体の構成単位の合計モル数に基づき、イソブチレン基と1,2-ブチレン基との合計比率が30モル%以上である炭化水素重合体から水素原子を1つ除いた残基である請求項1又は2に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)を構成する単量体の重量分率に基づいて計算する溶解性パラメータが8.0~10.0(cal/cm3)1/2である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記エステル油の100℃における動粘度が1~4mm2/sであり、粘度指数が100以上である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)における構成単量体中の前記単量体(c)及び前記単量体(d)の合計重量と単量体(b)の重量との重量比率{(c+d)/b}が0.01~20である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)が、炭素数9~36の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリロイル単量体(e)を構成単量体として含む共重合体である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)が、構成単量体として(A)を構成する単量体の合計重量に基づいて前記単量体(a)を1~50重量%、前記単量体(b)を1~80重量%、前記単量体(c)及び前記単量体(d)を合計で1~60重量%、前記(メタ)アクリロイル単量体(e)を1~60重量%含有する共重合体である請求項7に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)の重量平均分子量が5,000~2,000,000である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)以外の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル(共)重合体(B)を、前記共重合体(A)の重量に基づいて0.01~30重量%含有してなる請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 前記共重合体(A)の溶解性パラメータと前記エステル油(Z)の溶解性パラメータとの差の絶対値が0.1~2.0(cal/cm3)1/2である請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- さらに炭化水素油を含有してなる請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の粘度指数向上剤と、清浄剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤、油性向上剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦摩耗調整剤、極圧剤、消泡剤、抗乳化剤、金属不活性剤及び腐食防止剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤とを含有してなる潤滑油組成物。
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