WO2021182266A1 - フェライト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
フェライト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021182266A1 WO2021182266A1 PCT/JP2021/008317 JP2021008317W WO2021182266A1 WO 2021182266 A1 WO2021182266 A1 WO 2021182266A1 JP 2021008317 W JP2021008317 W JP 2021008317W WO 2021182266 A1 WO2021182266 A1 WO 2021182266A1
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- stainless steel
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- ferritic stainless
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 abstract description 39
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 86
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229960002050 hydrofluoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JSIVCHPFSUMIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cr+2] JSIVCHPFSUMIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/085—Iron or steel solutions containing HNO3
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/086—Iron or steel solutions containing HF
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
- C25F1/06—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ferritic stainless steel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel having excellent red scale resistance and high temperature strength under a high temperature steam atmosphere and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 describe that the addition of Si promotes the diffusion of Cr, improves the amount of Cr-based oxide produced, and strengthens the oxide film. As a result, the inventions described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have improved water vapor oxidation resistance and red scale resistance.
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-160844
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-160842
- the above-mentioned conventional technique focuses on Cr and Si in steel and optimizes the content of Cr and Si in steel.
- the present inventors have noted that the concentrations of Cr oxides and hydroxides, and Si oxides in the passivation film are important for improving red scale resistance and high temperature strength.
- no knowledge was obtained regarding the concentrations of Cr-based oxides and Si-based oxides in the passivation film.
- One aspect of the present invention is to realize a ferritic stainless steel having excellent high temperature strength and red scale resistance.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention has C of 0.025% by mass or less, Si of 0.05% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, 0.05% by mass. % Or more and 2.0% by mass or less Mn, 0.04% by mass or less P, 0.03% by mass or less S, 0.5% by mass or less Ni, 10.5% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less Cr, N of 0.025% by mass or less, Nb of 0.05% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, Mo of 3.0% by mass or less, Cu of 1.8% by mass or less, 0.2% by mass It contains the following Al and 0.5% by mass or less of Ti, contains iron and unavoidable impurities in the balance, and is analyzed by XPS on the surface and at a depth of 6 nm from the surface every 0.5 nm from the surface.
- the method for producing ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention includes C of 0.025% by mass or less, Si of 0.05% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, and 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass. % Or less Mn, 0.04% by mass or less P, 0.003% by mass or less S, 0.5% by mass or less Ni, 10.5% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less Cr, 0.025 N of mass% or less, Nb of 0.05 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, Mo of 3.0 mass% or less, Cu of 1.8 mass% or less, Al of 0.2 mass% or less, 0.
- a method for producing ferritic stainless steel containing 5% by mass or less of Ti and containing iron and unavoidable impurities in the balance is prepared using a nitrate solution of 80 to 120 g / L. It is characterized by including a surface activation treatment step of immersing the liquid at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower for a time of 60 seconds or longer and 120 seconds or shorter.
- it is a graph which shows the relationship between the treatment time by the nitric acid liquid (80-120 g / L) of 60 ⁇ 10 degreeC, and Cr (O) + Si (O).
- it is a graph which shows the relationship between the treatment time with the nitric acid solution (80-120 g / L) of 60 ⁇ 10 degreeC, and the increase in the amount of oxidation.
- stainless steel means a stainless steel material whose specific shape is not limited. Examples of this stainless steel material include steel plates, steel pipes, strips, and the like.
- the composition of the components contained in the ferritic stainless steel in one embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel is composed of iron (Fe) or a small amount of impurities (unavoidable impurities) that are unavoidably mixed, except for each component shown below.
- (Chromium: Cr) Cr is an essential element for forming a passivation film and ensuring corrosion resistance. It is also effective for ensuring red scale resistance. However, if Cr is excessively contained, the material cost increases and the toughness decreases. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Cr content is 10.5 to 25% by mass, preferably 12.5 to 23% by mass.
- Si is an element effective for improving red scale resistance. However, if Si is excessively contained, it causes a decrease in toughness and workability. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Si content is 0.05 to 3.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 2.6% by mass.
- Cu Copper: Cu
- Cu is an element added to ensure high temperature strength. However, if Cu is excessively contained, the ferrite phase becomes unstable and the material cost increases. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Cu content is 0 to 1.8% by mass.
- Mo Mo
- Mo Mo
- Mo Mo
- the Mo content is 0 to 3.0% by mass.
- Nb Niobium: Nb
- Nb is an element added to ensure high temperature strength.
- excessive Nb content can degrade workability and toughness. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Nb content is 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 0.7% by mass.
- Ti is an element that can form a ferritic stainless steel into a ferrite single layer at 900 to 1000 ° C. by reacting with C and / or N, and improves red scale resistance and workability.
- excessive content of Ti can degrade workability and surface quality. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Ti content is 0 to 0.5% by mass.
- Mn is an element that improves scale adhesion in ferritic stainless steel. However, if Mn is excessively contained, the ferrite phase becomes unstable and the generation of MnS, which is the starting point of corrosion, is promoted. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Mn content is 0.05 to 2.0% by mass, preferably 010 to 1.20% by mass.
- the C content is 0 to 0.025% by mass, preferably 0 to 0.020% by mass.
- the P content is 0 to 0.04% by mass.
- the S content is 0 to 0.03% by mass.
- Ni Ni is an element that improves the corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel. However, if Ni is excessively contained, the ferrite phase becomes unstable and the material cost increases. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Ni content is 0 to 0.5% by mass.
- N (Nitrogen: N) When N is excessively contained, it forms a nitride with other elements and causes hardening. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the N content is 0 to 0.025% by mass.
- Al is an element that improves the corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel. Al is an effective element as a deoxidizer during steelmaking. However, if Al is excessively contained, the surface quality may deteriorate. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the Al content is 0 to 0.2% by mass, preferably 0. ⁇ 0.1% by mass.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel according to the embodiment of the present invention has 0 to 2.5% by mass of W, 0 to 0.1% by mass of La, 0 to 0.05% by mass of Ce, and 0.01% by mass or less.
- B Ca of 0.0002% by mass or more and 0.0030% by mass or less, Hf of 0.001% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, Zr of 0.01% by mass or more and 0.40% by mass or less, 0.
- (Tungsten: W) W is an element added to ensure high temperature strength.
- excessive W content increases material costs. Therefore, in the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, 0 to 2.5% by mass of W may be added as needed. Considering the cost, the W content is preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by mass.
- La is an element added to improve red scale resistance and scale peel resistance.
- excessive La content increases material costs. Therefore, in the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, 0 to 0.1% by mass of La may be added as needed. Considering the cost, the content of La is preferably 0 to 0.05% by mass.
- Ce Ce
- Ce Ce is an element added to improve red scale resistance and scale peel resistance.
- excessive content of Ce increases material costs. Therefore, in the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, 0 to 0.05% by mass of Ce may be added as needed.
- B B is an element that improves the secondary workability of a molded product manufactured using ferrite-based stainless steel.
- B is an element that improves the secondary workability of a molded product manufactured using ferrite-based stainless steel.
- compounds such as Cr 2 B are likely to be formed, which may deteriorate the red scale resistance. Therefore, in the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention, 0.01% by mass or less of B may be added as needed, and preferably 0.0002% by mass or more and 0.003% by mass or less of B is added. It may be added.
- Ca is an element that promotes high temperature oxidation resistance.
- 0.0002% by mass or more of Ca may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.0030% by mass.
- Zrconium: Zr Zirconium: Zr
- Zr zirconium
- 0.01% by mass or more of Zr may be added if necessary.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.40% by mass.
- Hf is an element that improves corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance.
- 0.001% by mass or more of Hf may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.5% by mass.
- Tin Sn
- Sn is an element that improves corrosion resistance and high temperature strength.
- 0.002% by mass or more of Sn may be added if necessary.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 1.0% by mass.
- Mg Magnetic: Mg
- Mg is an element that refines the structure of the slab and improves moldability.
- 0.0003% by mass or more of Mg may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.0030% by mass.
- Co is an element that improves high temperature strength.
- 0.01% by mass or more of Co may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.30% by mass.
- Sb is an element that improves high temperature strength.
- 0.005% by mass or more of Sb may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.50% by mass.
- Ta tantalum
- Ta tantalum
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 1.0% by mass.
- Ga is an element that improves corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- 0.0002% by mass or more of Ga may be added as needed.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.30% by mass.
- REM is a general term for scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), and 15 elements (lanthanoids) from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu).
- REM may be added as a single element or as a mixture of multiple elements.
- REM is an element that improves the cleanliness of stainless steel and also improves high-temperature oxidation resistance.
- 0.001% by mass or more of REM may be added if necessary.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.20% by mass.
- the ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength and resistance to high temperatures when Cr (O) and Si (O) in the passivation coating defined below satisfy the following formula (1). It has red scale properties. More specifically, Cr (O) and Si (O) have excellent high-temperature strength and red scale resistance in an environment of 300 to 900 ° C. containing water vapor by satisfying the following formula (1). Ferritic stainless steels may be provided.
- the oxide of Si in the passivation film includes an oxide of Si contained in the passivation film and an oxide of Si existing on the surface (for example, silicon monoxide).
- FIG. 5 is an example of a spectrum obtained by measuring a ferritic stainless steel according to an embodiment of the present invention with an XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) analyzer, and is a graph showing a change in the Cr 2p spectrum in the depth direction.
- FIG. 6 is an example of the spectrum of the ferritic stainless steel according to the embodiment of the present invention measured by XPS, and the result of peak separation of the Cr 2p spectrum into the metal Cr, the oxide of Cr, and the hydroxide of Cr. It is a graph which shows.
- the narrow spectra of Fe, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo and Si (6 kinds of metals) are used on the surface and every 0.5 nm from the surface to a depth of 6 nm from the surface by an XPS analyzer.
- a narrow spectrum of Cr is shown as an example.
- the spectrum of Cr has a peak of Cr oxide and Cr hydroxide and a peak of metal Cr.
- the narrow spectrum is peak-separated into peaks of simple substances consisting of metal atoms, oxides, and hydroxides.
- FIG. 6 shows, as an example, the result of peak separation of the narrow spectrum of Cr.
- the proportions of the metal Cr (elemental substance), the oxide of Cr, and the Cr present as the hydroxide of Cr are calculated.
- the proportion of atoms present as elemental substances, oxides, and hydroxides is calculated.
- Cr (O) is an integrated value of the atomic% concentrations of Cr oxides and hydroxides. That is, the spectra are measured by XPS analysis at the surface and at a depth of 6 nm from the surface every 0.5 nm from the surface, and each spectrum is used to exist as a simple substance, an oxide or a hydroxide, Fe. , Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo and Si, the ratio of the total number of atoms of Cr existing as an oxide or hydroxide to the total number of atoms of Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo and Si was calculated at each measurement depth at atomic% concentration, and all the calculated atoms. It is a value obtained by integrating% concentration.
- Si (O) is an integrated value of the atomic% concentration of the oxide of Si. That is, the spectra are measured in the same manner, and using each spectrum, Si existing as an oxide with respect to the total number of atoms of Fe, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo and Si existing as a simple substance, an oxide or a hydroxide. It is a value obtained by calculating the ratio of the number of atoms in each measurement depth at the atomic% concentration and integrating all the calculated atomic% concentrations.
- the oxide of Cr is of chromium (III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), chromium (IV) oxide (CrO 2 ), and chromium oxide VI (CrO 3 ).
- the hydroxide of Cr is one or more of chromium (II) hydroxide (Cr (OH) 2 ) and chromium (III) hydroxide (Cr (OH) 3).
- the oxide of Si includes one or two kinds of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon monoxide (SiO).
- the XPS device and measurement conditions used in the above-mentioned XPS measurement are as follows.
- a method for improving red scale resistance a method of promoting Cr diffusion in steel by surface polishing as a finishing process to promote the formation of Cr oxide, or a hot-dip plating layer is formed on the surface layer. The method of doing is used.
- the present inventors have found that, for example, a ferritic stainless steel satisfying the above formula (1) and having excellent red scale resistance and high temperature strength can be obtained by the following production method.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for manufacturing a ferritic stainless steel according to the present embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing a ferrite-based stainless steel strip in the present embodiment includes a pretreatment step S1, a hot rolling step S2, a quenching step S3, a first pickling step S4, a cold rolling step S5, and a final step.
- the baking step S6, the second pickling step S7, and the surface activation treatment step S8 are included.
- Pretreatment process In the pretreatment step S1, first, a melting furnace having a vacuum or an argon atmosphere is used to melt a steel whose composition has been adjusted so as to be within the range of the present invention, and this steel is cast to produce a slab. Then, a slab piece for hot rolling is cut out from the slab. Then, the slab piece is heated to a temperature range of 1100 ° C. to 1300 ° C. in the air atmosphere. The time for heating and holding the slab piece is not limited. When the pretreatment step is performed industrially, the casting may be continuous casting.
- the hot rolling step S2 is a step of manufacturing a hot rolled steel strip having a predetermined thickness by hot rolling the slab (steel ingot) obtained in the pretreatment step S1.
- the annealing step S3 is a step of softening the steel strip by heating the hot-rolled steel strip obtained in the hot rolling step S2.
- This annealing step S3 is a step that is carried out as needed, and may not be carried out.
- the first pickling step S4 is a step of washing off the scale adhering to the surface of the steel strip with a pickling solution such as hydrochloric acid or a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
- the cold rolling step S5 is a step of rolling the steel strip from which the scale has been removed in the first pickling step S4 even thinner.
- the final annealing step S6 is a step of removing strain by heating the thinly rolled steel strip in the cold rolling step S5 to soften the steel strip.
- the annealing in the final annealing step S6 is performed at a temperature of about 900 to 1100 ° C., for example, depending on the alloy component.
- the second pickling step S7 is a step of washing off the scale adhering to the surface of the steel strip obtained in the final annealing step S6 with a pickling solution such as nitric acid solution or a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. be.
- the second pickling step S7 is not particularly limited as long as it is a treatment capable of removing scale on the surface of the steel strip.
- electrolysis is performed for 1 to 2 minutes under the condition of 0.2 to 0.3 A / cm 2 in a state of being immersed in a nitric acid solution (nitric acid concentration 150 g / L) at 50 to 70 ° C. Electrolytic treatment may be carried out.
- a nitric acid solution nitric acid concentration 100 g / L
- hydrofluoric acid 15 to 25 g / L
- the steel strip after the second pickling step S7 is used with a nitric acid solution of 80 to 120 g / L, and the liquid temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, and 60 seconds or more and 120 seconds or less.
- a nitric acid solution 80 to 120 g / L
- the liquid temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, and 60 seconds or more and 120 seconds or less.
- the treatment performed under the above conditions is referred to as a surface activation treatment.
- a ferritic stainless steel strip satisfying the above formula (1) can be obtained.
- the surface activation treatment step S8 can be carried out using the same or the same apparatus as the second pickling step S7.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel of the present invention has excellent high-temperature strength and red scale resistance because Cr (O) and Si (O) in the passivation film satisfy the above formula (1).
- the present inventors have found that a ferritic stainless steel satisfying the above formula (1) can be obtained by carrying out both the above-mentioned second pickling step S7 and the surface activation treatment step S8. ..
- a ferritic stainless steel satisfying the above formula (1) cannot be obtained. That is, the present invention in which Cr and Si in the passivation film are concentrated by subjecting the steel strip from which scale has been removed in the second pickling step S7 to the surface activation treatment, satisfying the above formula (1).
- Ferritic stainless steel can be obtained.
- the concentration of the nitric acid solution is less than 80 g / L
- the surface activation effect of nitric acid becomes weak and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- the concentration of the nitric acid solution exceeds 120 g / L
- the surface activating effect peaks out due to the excessive reaction with nitric acid, and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- the liquid temperature is less than 50 ° C., the surface activation effect of nitric acid is weakened, and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- the surface activation effect peaks out due to the excessive reaction with nitric acid, and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- the immersion time is less than 60 seconds, the surface activation effect of nitric acid becomes insufficient, and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- it exceeds 120 seconds the surface activating effect peaks out due to the excessive reaction with nitric acid, and the formation of red scale cannot be suppressed.
- a nitric acid solution of 80 to 120 g / L is used, and the solution temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower for 60 seconds or longer and 120.
- a surface activation treatment is performed by immersing for a time of 2 seconds or less.
- nitric acid nitric acid concentration 100 g / L
- hydrofluoric acid 15 to 25 g / L
- each stainless steel shown in Table 1 is shown in% by weight.
- the balance other than each component shown in Table 1 is Fe or a small amount of impurities unavoidably mixed.
- the underline in Table 1 indicates that the range of each component contained in each stainless steel according to the comparative example of the present invention is outside the range of the present invention.
- the ferrite-based stainless steels produced within the scope of the present invention were designated as the invention example steel types A1 to A13. Further, the ferritic stainless steels produced under conditions outside the scope of the present invention were designated as Comparative Example Steel Types B1 to B4.
- Table 2 is a table showing the results of tests for evaluating red scale resistance and high temperature strength of invention example steel grades A1 to A13 and comparative example steel grades B1 to B4.
- Examples 1 to 51 are examples in which the steel grades A1 to A13 of the invention examples are subjected to a surface activation treatment of the present invention or a pickling treatment outside the scope of the surface activation treatment of the present invention.
- Invention Example No. For 1, 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48, the immersion time in a nitric acid solution (80 to 120 g / L) at 60 ⁇ 10 ° C. is 40. Since it is seconds, a pickling treatment outside the range of the surface activation treatment of the present invention is performed.
- Other invention examples are subjected to the surface activation treatment of the present invention.
- Comparative example No. 1 to 34 are examples in which the steel grades A1 to A8 of the invention examples and the steel grades B1 to B4 of the comparative examples were pickled outside the range of the surface activation treatment of the present invention. Specifically, it is common that a nitric acid solution (80 to 120 g / L) at 60 ⁇ 10 ° C. is used, but the condition of the immersion time is outside the range of the surface activation treatment of the present invention. Comparative Example No. Reference numeral 22 denotes an example in which the surface activating treatment of the present invention is applied to the invention steel type A7 without performing the second pickling step S7. In addition, Comparative Example No. Reference numeral 34 denotes an example in which the surface activation treatment of the present invention was applied to the comparative example steel type B4.
- Invention Examples A1 to A13 of Invention Examples A1 to A13 were subjected to the surface activation treatment of the present invention (No. 1, 5, 12, 16, 20 of No. 1 to 51, 24, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48) all satisfied the above formula (1).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the treatment time with a nitric acid solution (80 to 120 g / L) at 60 ⁇ 10 ° C. and Cr (O) + Si (O) for all the examples.
- the treatment time is 60 to 120 seconds, that is, when the surface activation treatment within the range of the present invention is performed, Cr (O) + Si (O) ⁇ It was demonstrated to be 240.
- the evaluation test of red scale resistance was based on JIS Z 2281 (high temperature continuous oxidation test method for metal materials), and was evaluated using an increase in oxidation amount.
- the permissible range was an increase in oxidation of 0.3 mg / cm 2 or less.
- a 20 mm ⁇ 25 mm test piece was cut out as a test piece from the steel sheet manufactured by the above manufacturing method.
- the test piece was continuously heated at 600 ° C. for 100 hours in an air environment having a water vapor concentration of 10 vol%.
- the increase in oxidation was calculated from the weight change before and after the test.
- Invention Examples A1 to A13 of Invention Examples A1 to A13 were subjected to the surface activation treatment of the present invention (No. 1, 5, 12, 16, 20 of No. 1 to 51, 24, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48) all met the above criteria.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the treatment time with a nitric acid solution (80 to 120 g / L) at 60 ⁇ 10 ° C. and the increase in the amount of oxidation for all the examples.
- the treatment time is 60 to 120 seconds, that is, when the surface activation treatment within the range of the present invention is performed, the oxidation increase is 0.3 mg / cm 2 in all cases. It has been demonstrated that the following are met:
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between Cr (O) + Si (O) and the amount of oxidation increase for all the examples. As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 4, it was demonstrated that when Cr (O) + Si (O) ⁇ 240 was satisfied, the oxidation increase was 0.3 mg / cm 2 or less.
- the high-temperature strength evaluation test was carried out by using a test piece compliant with JIS Z 2241 (tensile test method for steel materials) and a tensile method compliant with JIS G 0567 (high-temperature tensile test method for steel materials and heat-resistant alloys).
- the plate thickness of the test piece was 2 mm, the plate width was 12.5 mm, and the distance between the gauge points was 50 mm.
- the strain rate up to the proof stress was 0.3% / min and the tensile strength was 3 mm / min with respect to the distance between the reference points, and the evaluation was made with a 0.2% proof stress value.
- a 0.2% proof stress of 20 MPa or more was set as an allowable range.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention includes C of 0.025% by mass or less, Si of 0.05% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, and 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.
- Mn Mn, P of 0.04% by mass or less, S of 0.03% by mass or less, Ni of 0.5% by mass or less, Cr of 10.5% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less, 0.025% by mass or less N, Nb of 0.05% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, Mo of 3.0% by mass or less, Cu of 1.8% by mass or less, Al of 0.2% by mass or less, 0.5% by mass
- Ti is contained, the balance contains iron and unavoidable impurities, and the spectrum is measured by XPS analysis at the surface and at a depth of 6 nm from the surface every 0.5 nm from the surface.
- the ferrite-based stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention has W of 2.5% by mass or less, La of 0.1% by mass or less, Ce of 0.05% by mass or less, and B of 0.01% by mass or less. , 0.0002% by mass or more and 0.0030% by mass or less Ca, 0.001% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less Hf, 0.01% by mass or more and 0.40% by mass or less Zr, 0.005% by mass % Or more and 0.50% by mass or less Sb, 0.01% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less Co, 0.001% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less Ta, 0.002% by mass or more and 1.0 Sn of mass% or less, Ga of 0.0002 mass% or more and 0.30 mass% or less, rare earth elements of 0.001 mass% or more and 0.20 mass% or less, and 0.0003 mass% or more and 0.0030 mass% or less
- Mg may be further contained.
- red scale resistance and scale peeling resistance can be further improved.
- the method for producing ferritic stainless steel according to one aspect of the present invention includes C of 0.025% by mass or less, Si of 0.05% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, and 0.05% by mass or more of 2. Mn of 0% by mass or less, P of 0.04% by mass or less, S of 0.003% by mass or less, Ni of 0.5% by mass or less, Cr of 10.5% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less, 0 .025% by mass or less of N, 0.05% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less of Nb, 3.0% by mass or less of Mo, 1.8% by mass or less of Cu, 0.2% by mass or less of Al,
- a method for producing ferritic stainless steel containing 0.5% by mass or less of Ti and containing iron and unavoidable impurities in the balance It is characterized by including a surface activation treatment step of immersing the liquid at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower for a time of 60 seconds or longer
- the ferritic stainless steel contains W of 2.5% by mass or less, La of 0.1% by mass or less, and 0.05% by mass or less. Ce may be further contained.
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Abstract
Description
(i)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物または水酸化物として存在するCrの総原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をCr(O)とし、
(ii)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物として存在するSiの原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をSi(O)としたときに、
下記式(1)を満足することを特徴とする。
本発明の一態様に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法は、0.025質量%以下のC、0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下のMn、0.04質量%以下のP、0.003質量%以下のS、0.5質量%以下のNi、10.5質量%以上25.0質量%以下のCr、0.025質量%以下のN、0.05質量%以上1.0質量%以下のNb、3.0質量%以下のMo、1.8質量%以下のCu、0.2質量%以下のAl、0.5質量%以下のTiを含有し、残部に鉄および不可避的不純物を含むフェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法であって、脱スケール処理後の鋼帯を、80~120g/Lの硝酸液を用いて、液温度を50℃以上70℃以下で、60秒以上120秒以下の時間浸漬する、表面活性化処理工程を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の一実施形態におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼が含有する成分の組成は、以下のとおりである。なお、当該フェライト系ステンレス鋼は、以下に示す各成分以外は、鉄(Fe)、または不可避的に混入する少量の不純物(不可避的不純物)からなる。
Crは、不動態被膜を形成し、耐食性を確保するために必須の元素である。また、耐赤スケール性を確保するためにも有効である。しかしながら、Crを過度に含有すると、材料コストが上昇するとともに、靭性低下の要因となる。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Crの含有量は、10.5~25質量%であり、好ましくは、12.5~23質量%である。
Siは、耐赤スケール性の改善に有効な元素である。しかしながら、Siを過度に含有すると、靭性や加工性が低下する要因となる。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Siの含有量は、0.05~3.0質量%であり、好ましくは、0.1~2.6質量%である。
Cuは、高温強度確保のために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Cuを過度に含有すると、フェライト相が不安定化するとともに、材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Cuの含有量は0~1.8質量%である。
Moは、高温強度確保のために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Moを過度に含有すると硬質化し、加工性が低下するとともに材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Moの含有量は、0~3.0質量%である。
Nbは、高温強度確保のために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Nbを過度に含有すると、加工性および靭性が劣化する可能性がある。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Nbの含有量は、0.05~1.0質量%であり、好ましくは、0.05~0.7質量%である。
Tiは、Cおよび/またはNと反応することにより、フェライト系ステンレス鋼を900~1000℃においてフェライト系単層にすることができ、耐赤スケール性および加工性を向上させる元素である。しかしながら、Tiを過度に含有すると、加工性および表面品質が劣化する可能性がある。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Tiの含有量は、0~0.5質量%である。
Mnは、フェライト系ステンレス鋼において、スケールの密着性を向上させる元素である。しかしながら、Mnを過度に含有すると、フェライト相が不安定化するとともに腐食起点となるMnSの発生を促進する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Mnの含有量は、0.05~2.0質量%であり、好ましくは、010~1.20質量%である。
Cは、過度に含有すると、炭化物量が増加し、耐食性が低下する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Cの含有量は0~0.025質量%であり、好ましくは0~0.020質量%である。
Pは、過度に含有すると、加工性が低下する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Pの含有量は0~0.04質量%である。
Sは、過度に含有するとフェライト系ステンレス鋼において腐食起点の発生を促進する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Sの含有量は0~0.03質量%である。
Niは、フェライト系ステンレス鋼の耐食性を向上させる元素である。しかしながら、Niを過度に含有すると、フェライト相が不安定化するとともに、材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Niの含有量は0~0.5質量%である。
Nは、過度に含有すると他の元素と窒化物を形成して硬質化を招く。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Nの含有量は0~0.025質量%である。
Alは、フェライト系ステンレス鋼の耐食性を向上させる元素である。また、Alは製鋼時の脱酸剤として有効な元素である。しかしながら、Alを過度に含有すると、表面品質が劣化する可能性があるため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、Alの含有量は0~0.2質量%であり、好ましくは0~0.1質量%である。
本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、0~2.5質量%のW、0~0.1質量%のLa、0~0.05質量%のCe、0.01質量%以下のB、0.0002質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のCa、0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下のHf、0.01質量%以上0.40質量%以下のZr、0.005質量%以上0.50質量%以下のSb、0.01質量%以上0.30質量%以下のCo、0.001質量%以上1.0質量%以下のTa、0.002質量%以上1.0質量%以下のSn、0.0002質量%以上0.30質量%以下のGa、0.001質量%以上0.20質量%以下の希土類元素および0.0003質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のMgのうち1種以上を含有していてもよい。
Wは、高温強度確保のために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Wを過度に含有すると、材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0~2.5質量%のWを添加してもよい。コストを考慮すると、Wの含有量は、0.01~1.5質量%であることが好ましい。
Laは、耐赤スケール性および耐スケール剥離性を向上するために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Laを過度に含有すると、材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0~0.1質量%のLaを添加してもよい。コストを考慮すると、Laの含有量は、0~0.05質量%であることが好ましい。
Ceは、耐赤スケール性および耐スケール剥離性を向上するために添加する元素である。しかしながら、Ceを過度に含有すると、材料コストが上昇する。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0~0.05質量%のCeを添加してもよい。
Bは、フェライト系ステンレス鋼を使用して製造された成形品の二次加工性を向上させる元素である。しかしながら、Bを過度に含有すると、Cr2B等の化合物が形成されやすくなり、耐赤スケール性を劣化させる可能性がある。そのため、本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.01質量%以下のBを添加してもよく、好ましくは0.0002質量%以上0.003質量%以下のBを添加してもよい。
Caは、耐高温酸化性を促進する元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.0002質量%以上のCaを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度な添加は耐食性の低下を招くため、添加量の上限は0.0030質量%であることが好ましい。
Zrは、高温強度、耐食性および耐高温酸化性を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.01質量%以上のZrを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度な添加は加工性、製造性の低下を招くため、添加量の上限は0.40質量%であることが好ましい。
Hfは、耐食性、高温強度および耐酸化性を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.001質量%以上のHfを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度な添加は加工性および製造性の低下を招く可能性があるため、添加量の上限は0.5質量%であることが好ましい。
Snは、耐食性および高温強度を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.002質量%以上のSnを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度の添加は靭性および製造性の低下を招く可能性があるため、添加量の上限は1.0質量%であることが好ましい。
Mgは、脱酸元素であることに加え、スラブの組織を微細化させ、成型性を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.0003質量%以上のMgを添加してもよい。しかし、過度な添加は耐食性、溶接性、表面品質の低下を招くため、添加量の上限は0.0030質量%であることが好ましい。
Coは、高温強度を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.01質量%以上のCoを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度に添加すると靭性が低下し、製造性の低下を招くため、添加量の上限は0.30質量%であることが好ましい。
Sbは、高温強度を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.005質量%以上のSbを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度な添加は溶接性、靭性を低下させるため、添加量の上限は0.50質量%であることが好ましい。
Taは、高温強度を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.001質量%以上のTaを添加してもよい。しかしながら、過度な添加は溶接性、靭性を低下させるため、添加量の上限は1.0質量%であることが好ましい。
Gaは、耐食性および耐水素脆化特性を向上させる元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.0002質量%以上のGaを添加してもよい。しかし、過度な添加は溶接性、靭性を低下させるため、添加量の上限は0.30質量%であることが好ましい。
REMは、スカンジウム(Sc)と、イットリウム(Y)と、ランタン(La)からルテチウム(Lu)までの15元素(ランタノイド)との総称を指す。REMは、単独の元素として添加されてもよく、または複数の元素の混合物として添加されてもよい。REMは、ステンレス鋼の清浄度を向上させるとともに、耐高温酸化性も改善する元素である。本発明の一実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼では、必要に応じて0.001質量%以上のREMを添加してもよい。しかし、過度な添加は合金コストを上昇させ、製造性を低下させるため、添加量の上限は0.20質量%であることが好ましい。
本発明の一態様におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼に含まれる各元素について、元素ごとの含有量の意義について説明した。本発明の一態様に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、下記で定義する不動態被膜中のCr(O)およびSi(O)が、下記式(1)を満足することにより、優れた高温強度および耐赤スケール性を有している。より具体的には、Cr(O)およびSi(O)が、下記式(1)を満たすことにより、水蒸気が含まれる300~900℃の環境下で優れた高温強度および耐赤スケール性を有するフェライト系ステンレス鋼が提供され得る。なお、不動態被膜中のSiの酸化物は、不動態被膜中に含まれるSiの酸化物および表面に存在するSiの酸化物(例えば一酸化ケイ素)を含む。
以下では、図5および図6を用いて、Cr(O)およびSi(O)について説明する。図5は、本発明の実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼をXPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)分析装置により測定したスペクトルの一例であり、Cr 2pスペクトルの深さ方向の変化を示すグラフである。図6は、本発明の実施形態に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼をXPSにより測定したスペクトルの一例であり、Cr 2pスペクトルを、金属Cr、Crの酸化物、およびCrの水酸化物にピーク分離した結果を示すグラフである。
X線源:mono-AlKα線(hv=1486.6eV)
検出深さ:数nm(取り出し角度45°)
X線径:200μmφ
中和銃:1.0V、20μA
スパッタ条件:Ar+、加速電圧:1kV、ラスター:2×2mm
スパッタ速度:1.3nm/min(SiO2換算値)
本発明者らは、不動態被膜中のCrおよびSiに着目し、不動態被膜中のCr(O)およびSi(O)の和が、上記式(1)を満たすことにより、優れた耐赤スケール性および高温強度を有するフェライト系ステンレス鋼を実現することができるという知見を得るに至った。
本発明の一実施形態におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、例えば、フェライト系ステンレス鋼帯として得られる。図1は、本実施形態のフェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。図1に示すように、本実施形態におけるフェライト系ステンレス鋼帯の製造方法は、前処理工程S1、熱間圧延工程S2、焼鈍工程S3、第1酸洗工程S4、冷間圧延工程S5、最終焼鈍工程S6、第2酸洗工程S7、および表面活性化処理工程S8を含む。
前処理工程S1では、まず、真空またはアルゴン雰囲気の溶解炉を用いて、本発明の範囲内となるように組成を調整した鋼を溶製し、この鋼を鋳造して、スラブを製造する。その後、該スラブから熱間圧延用のスラブ片を切り出す。そして、当該スラブ片を大気雰囲気中で1100℃~1300℃の温度域に加熱する。該スラブ片を加熱して保持する時間は、限定されない。なお、工業的に前処理工程を行う場合、前記鋳造は連続鋳造であってよい。
まず、下記の表1に示す成分を原料とし、上述の製造方法の第2酸洗工程S7までを施して、フェライト系ステンレス鋼を製造した。なお、表1に示す鋼材を製造するにあたり、用いた条件は以下のとおりである。第2酸洗工程S7として、下記に示すいずれの処理を施したかについては、後述する表2に示している。
・前処理工程S1におけるスラブ片の加熱時間 2時間
・熱間圧延工程S2後の板厚 4mm
・第1酸洗工程S4で用いた酸洗液 60℃の硝弗酸液(3%弗酸、10%硝酸を含む水溶液)
・冷間圧延工程S5後の板厚 1.5mm
・第2酸洗工程S7における酸洗条件 50~70℃の硝酸液(硝酸濃度150g/L)に浸漬させた状態で、0.2~0.3A/cm2の条件で1~2分間電解する電解処理(硝酸電解)。または、硝酸(硝酸濃度100g/L)とフッ化水素酸(15~25g/L)の50~70℃の混合液中に1~2分浸漬する処理(フッ硝酸浸漬)。
不動態被膜におけるCrおよびSiの濃化度を評価するために、上記製造方法によって製造された鋼板の、Cr(O)およびSi(O)を上述のように算出し、Cr(O)+Si(O)の値を求めた。その結果を、表2の不動態被膜中(6nm)のCr+Siの積分濃度の欄に示している。Cr(O)およびSi(O)が、上記式(1)を満たす場合、本発明の範囲内である。
表2に示した発明例No.1~51および比較例No.1~34に対して耐赤スケール性評価試験を実施した。試験の結果を表2に示している。
表2に示した発明例No.1~51および比較例No.1~34に対して高温強度評価試験を実施した。試験の結果を表2に示している。
・発明例鋼種A1~A13について、上記式(1)を満たす例は、全て総合評価として合格であった。
・発明例鋼種A1~A13であっても、上記式(1)を満たさない場合(比較例No.1~23)、総合評価は不合格であった。
・発明例鋼種A1~A7に対して本発明の表面活性化処理を施した場合、全て上記式(1)を満たし、かつ総合評価は合格であった。
・比較例鋼種B4に対して本発明の表面活性化処理を施した場合(比較例No.34)、上記式(1)を満たしたが、総合評価は不合格であった。
・発明例鋼種A1~A13に対して上述の硝酸電解またはフッ硝酸浸漬による第2酸洗工程S7を施した後、表面活性化処理工程S8を施した例は、全て上記式(1)を満たし、総合評価として合格であった。
・発明例鋼種A1~A13であっても、第2酸洗工程S7のみを実施し、表面活性化処理工程S8を実施しない場合(比較例No.5および10)、上記式(1)を満たさず、総合評価も不合格であった。
・発明例鋼種A1~A13であっても第2酸洗工程S7のみを実施せず、表面活性化処理工程S8のみを実施した場合(比較例No.22)、上記式(1)を満たさず、総合評価も不合格であった。
本発明の一態様に係るフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、0.025質量%以下のC、0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下のMn、0.04質量%以下のP、0.03質量%以下のS、0.5質量%以下のNi、10.5質量%以上25.0質量%以下のCr、0.025質量%以下のN、0.05質量%以上1.0質量%以下のNb、3.0質量%以下のMo、1.8質量%以下のCu、0.2質量%以下のAl、0.5質量%以下のTiを含有し、残部に鉄および不可避的不純物を含み、表面、および、表面から0.5nmごとに表面からの深さ6nmの位置までにおいてXPS分析によりスペクトルを測定し、
(i)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物または水酸化物として存在するCrの総原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をCr(O)とし、
(ii)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物として存在するSiの原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をSi(O)としたときに、
下記式(1)を満足することを特徴とする。
上記構成によれば、優れた高温強度および耐赤スケール性を有するフェライト系ステンレス鋼を実現することができる。
本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
Claims (4)
- 0.025質量%以下のC、0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下のMn、0.04質量%以下のP、0.03質量%以下のS、0.5質量%以下のNi、10.5質量%以上25.0質量%以下のCr、0.025質量%以下のN、0.05質量%以上1.0質量%以下のNb、3.0質量%以下のMo、1.8質量%以下のCu、0.2質量%以下のAl、0.5質量%以下のTiを含有し、残部に鉄および不可避的不純物を含み、
表面、および、表面から0.5nmごとに表面からの深さ6nmの位置までにおいてXPS分析によりスペクトルを測定し、
(i)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物または水酸化物として存在するCrの総原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をCr(O)とし、
(ii)各スペクトルを用いて、単体、酸化物または水酸化物として存在する、Fe、Cr、Ti、Nb、MoおよびSiの総原子数に対する、酸化物として存在するSiの原子数の割合を原子%濃度で各測定深さにおいて算出し、算出したすべての原子%濃度を積算した値をSi(O)としたときに、
下記式(1)を満足することを特徴とする、フェライト系ステンレス鋼。
Cr(O)+Si(O)≧240・・・(1) - 2.5質量%以下のW、0.1質量%以下のLa、0.05質量%以下のCe、0.01質量%以下のB、0.0002質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のCa、0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下のHf、0.01質量%以上0.40質量%以下のZr、0.005質量%以上0.50質量%以下のSb、0.01質量%以上0.30質量%以下のCo、0.001質量%以上1.0質量%以下のTa、0.002質量%以上1.0質量%以下のSn、0.0002質量%以上0.30質量%以下のGa、0.001質量%以上0.20質量%以下の希土類元素および0.0003質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のMgのうち1種以上をさらに含有する、請求項1に記載のフェライト系ステンレス鋼。
- 0.025質量%以下のC、0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi、0.05質量%以上2.0質量%以下のMn、0.04質量%以下のP、0.003質量%以下のS、0.5質量%以下のNi、10.5質量%以上25.0質量%以下のCr、0.025質量%以下のN、0.05質量%以上1.0質量%以下のNb、3.0質量%以下のMo、1.8質量%以下のCu、0.2質量%以下のAl、0.5質量%以下のTiを含有し、残部に鉄および不可避的不純物を含むフェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法であって、
脱スケール処理後の鋼帯を、80~120g/Lの硝酸液を用いて、液温度を50℃以上70℃以下で、60秒以上120秒以下の時間浸漬する、表面活性化処理工程を含むことを特徴とする、フェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法。 - 前記フェライト系ステンレス鋼が、2.5質量%以下のW、0.1質量%以下のLa、0.05質量%以下のCe、0.01質量%以下のB、0.0002質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のCa、0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下のHf、0.01質量%以上0.40質量%以下のZr、0.005質量%以上0.50質量%以下のSb、0.01質量%以上0.30質量%以下のCo、0.001質量%以上1.0質量%以下のTa、0.002質量%以上1.0質量%以下のSn、0.0002質量%以上0.30質量%以下のGa、0.001質量%以上0.20質量%以下の希土類元素および0.0003質量%以上0.0030質量%以下のMgのうち1種以上をさらに含有する、請求項3に記載のフェライト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法。
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