WO2020039930A1 - 有機発光素子、組成物および膜 - Google Patents
有機発光素子、組成物および膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020039930A1 WO2020039930A1 PCT/JP2019/031127 JP2019031127W WO2020039930A1 WO 2020039930 A1 WO2020039930 A1 WO 2020039930A1 JP 2019031127 W JP2019031127 W JP 2019031127W WO 2020039930 A1 WO2020039930 A1 WO 2020039930A1
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 74
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005582 pentacene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical group N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/322—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/658—Organoboranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1014—Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1022—Heterocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/188—Metal complexes of other metals not provided for in one of the previous groups
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/20—Delayed fluorescence emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/90—Multiple hosts in the emissive layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic light emitting device, a composition and a film.
- Patent Literature 1 describes that a polycyclic aromatic compound in which a plurality of aromatic rings are linked by a boron atom, a nitrogen atom, or the like is useful as a light-emitting material of an organic electroluminescence device.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a delayed fluorescent material having a lowest excited singlet energy level between the light emitting material and the host material is added to a light emitting layer containing the light emitting material and the host material.
- a delayed fluorescent material in an excited state, an inverse intersystem crossing from an excited triplet state to an excited singlet state is likely to occur, so that not only the excited singlet state but also the excited triplet state passes through the inverse intersystem crossing. Can be used for light emission. For this reason, it is described that the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescence element can be improved by adding a delayed fluorescent material.
- the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device is certainly improved.
- the luminous efficiency is improved by adding the delayed fluorescent material, the luminous efficiency has often not yet reached a satisfactory level.
- a sufficiently high external quantum yield can be realized for a blue light emitting device.
- the present inventors have studied to find a combination of materials that can provide an organic light-emitting element having high luminous efficiency.
- the study was conducted with a view to finding a combination of materials that could pave the way for realizing a highly efficient blue light-emitting element.
- it is possible to provide an organic light emitting device having high luminous efficiency by using a combination of a polycyclic aromatic compound having a specific structure and a delayed fluorescent material having a specific structure.
- An organic light emitting device including both a compound having one or more structures represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- ring a, ring b and ring c each independently represent a benzene ring which may be condensed with another ring to form an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring; At least one hydrogen atom in may be substituted.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group bonded by a benzene ring.
- R 1 represents —O—, —S—, —C (—R c1 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to the bonding position (atom) to N in the ring a and / or c by a single bond. They may be combined.
- R 2 represents —O—, —S—, —C (—R c2 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to a bonding position (atom) to N in the ring a and / or b by a single bond. They may be combined.
- R c1 and R c2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R 31 to R 35 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, but not all four are the same.
- the other one represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, or a cyano group.
- R 11 to R 17 each independently represent a substituent
- R 18 to R 23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- n11, n13, n14, and n17 each independently represent 0.
- n12 represents an integer of 0 to 2
- n15 and n16 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
- At least one of R 31 to R 35 in the general formula (2) is a carbazol-9-yl group in which at least one of the 3- and 6-positions is substituted.
- the carbazol-9-yl group in the general formula (2) is an unsubstituted or substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino.
- the organic light-emitting device according to any one of [1] to [5], which is substituted.
- the organic light emitting device of the present invention has high luminous efficiency because it contains both the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2). Further, according to the present invention, a blue light emitting element having high luminous efficiency can be realized.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a layer configuration example of an organic electroluminescence element. 2 shows an absorption spectrum of Compound 1, and emission spectra of Compound 1, Compound 2-38 and Example 1. 9 is a transient decay curve of each of the element of Example 2, Comparative Element 1, and Comparative Element 2.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit and an upper limit.
- the isotope species of the hydrogen atom present in the molecule of the compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, all the hydrogen atoms in the molecule may be 1 H, or some or all may be 2 H. (Deuterium D).
- ring a, ring b and ring c each independently represent a benzene ring which may be condensed with another ring to form an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring; At least one hydrogen atom in may be substituted.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group bonded by a benzene ring.
- R 1 represents —O—, —S—, —C (—R c1 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to the bonding position (atom) to N in the ring a and / or c by a single bond. They may be combined.
- R 2 represents —O—, —S—, —C (—R c2 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to a bonding position (atom) to N in the ring a and / or b by a single bond. They may be combined.
- R c1 and R c2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the a ring, b ring and c ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic, but the ring directly bonded to B and N shown in the general formula (1) is a benzene ring.
- the formed polycyclic ring is an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring.
- the aryl ring referred to here preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16, more preferably 6 to 12, and particularly preferably 6 to 10.
- the number of carbon atoms in the heteroaryl ring referred to herein is preferably from 6 to 30, more preferably from 6 to 25, still more preferably from 6 to 20, and even more preferably from 6 to 15. It is particularly preferably 6 to 10.
- the hetero ring constituting the heteroaryl ring is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- Examples of the ring-constituting atoms of the hetero ring include 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, in addition to carbon atoms.
- naphthalene ring As an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring formed by condensation, naphthalene ring, acenaphthylene ring, fluorene ring, phenalene ring, phenanthrene ring, triphenylene ring, pyrene ring, naphthacene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, indole ring, isoindole ring 1, 1H-indazole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzoxazole ring, benzothiazole ring, 1H-benzotriazole ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, cinnoline ring, quinazoline ring, quinoxaline ring, phthalazine ring, naphthyridine ring, carbazole ring, acridine ring , Phenoxatiin ring, phenoxazine ring
- Examples of the aryl group that can be taken by R 1 and R 2 include an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable. An aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
- aryl ring constituting the aryl group examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an acenaphthylene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a triphenylene ring, a pyrene ring, a naphthacene ring, a perylene ring, and a pentacene ring.
- the heteroaryl group that can be taken by R 1 and R 2 has a polycyclic structure in which at least a benzene ring is condensed, and is a group bonded by a benzene ring constituting the polycyclic structure.
- R 1 is —O—, —S—, —C (—R c1 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to the bonding position (atom) to N in the a ring and / or c ring by a single bond. They may be combined.
- R 2 represents —O—, —S—, —C (—R c2 ) 2 — or a carbon atom adjacent to the bonding position (atom) to N in ring a and / or ring b by a single bond. They may be combined.
- the carbon atom adjacent to the bonding position (atom) to N here is a carbon atom not bonded to B.
- R c1 and R c2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group here preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are bonded to ring a, ring b and / or ring c by —O—, —S—, —C (—R c1 ) 2 —, or —C (—R c2 ) 2 — or a single bond.
- Examples of the cyclic structure formed include a phenoxazine ring, a phenothiazine ring, an acridine ring, and a carbazole ring.
- R 1 and R 2 are a substituted aryl group or a substituted heteroaryl group, and when the a ring, b ring and c ring are substituted, the substituent is a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- Aryl group substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted diheteroarylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted arylheteroarylamino group (aryl group and heteroaryl group Amino group), a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group.
- substituent include an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, and an alkyl group.
- the total number of substituents present on R 1 , R 2 , ring a, ring b and ring c is preferably from 0 to 15, more preferably from 0 to 10, and for example, selected from 1 to 10 Alternatively, the user may select from 2 to 10, select from 0 to 6, select from 0 to 4, or select from 0 to 2.
- halogen atom which can be taken as a substituent is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and more preferably a chlorine atom.
- Examples of the aryl group that can be used as a substituent include diarylamino groups, arylheteroarylamino groups, and aryl groups that are included in an aryloxy group that can be used as a substituent, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. And an aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is preferable, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the aryl ring constituting the aryl group includes a monocyclic benzene ring, a condensed bicyclic naphthalene ring, a condensed tricyclic acenaphthylene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a condensed tetracyclic ring.
- Certain triphenylene rings, pyrene rings, naphthacene rings, condensed pentacyclic perylene rings, pentacene rings and the like can be mentioned.
- the aryl group may be further substituted with an aryl group.
- a tricyclic terphenyl ring m-terphenyl, o-terphenyl, p-terphenyl
- heteroaryl group which can be taken as a substituent examples include diarylaryl and arylheteroarylamino groups which can be taken as a substituent, for example, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms is preferable, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a heteroaryl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Groups are particularly preferred.
- heteroaryl ring constituting the heteroaryl group examples include, for example, a heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom in addition to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom.
- heteroaryl ring constituting the heteroaryl group examples include a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a triazole ring, a tetrazole ring, and a pyrazole ring.
- the alkyl group which can be used as a substituent may be any of a straight chain, a branched chain and a cyclic group.
- a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms a branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or a carbon atom having 3 carbon atoms.
- a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms are preferable, and a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, More preferred are a branched alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms and a cyclic alkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and a C 5 to 6 carbon atom.
- Cyclic alkyl groups are more preferred, and linear alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and branched alkyl groups having 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Specific examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, and neopentyl.
- a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a branched alkoxy group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and a cyclic alkoxy group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms are preferable, and a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 3 to 5 carbon atoms are preferable.
- a branched alkoxy group having 12 carbon atoms and a cyclic alkoxy group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms are more preferable, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched alkoxy group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a C 5 to 6 carbon atom.
- a cyclic alkoxy group is more preferred, and a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a branched alkoxy group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyl Examples include an oxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, a bicyclo [2,2,1] heptyloxy group, a bicyclo [2.2.2] octyloxy group, a decahydronaphthyloxy group, and an adamantyloxy group.
- Two aryl groups constituting a diarylamino group, two heteroaryl groups constituting a diheteroarylamino group, and an aryl group and a heteroaryl group constituting an arylheteroarylamino group, which can be taken as a substituent, are each a single bond to each other Alternatively, they may be bonded via a linking group or may not be bonded.
- the number of atoms constituting the linking chain of the linking group is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- R 51 to R 56 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and still more preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- An aryl group preferably having 5 to 20 ring skeleton atoms, more preferably having 5 to 14 ring skeleton atoms, and still more preferably having 5 to 10 ring skeleton atoms
- the compound having a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (1) is a multimer of the structure represented by the general formula (1).
- the multimer is preferably a dimer to a hexamer, more preferably a dimer to a trimer, and particularly preferably a dimer.
- the multimer may be in a form having a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (1) in one compound.
- the structure may be a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a phenylene group, a naphthylene.
- any ring (a ring, b ring or c ring) contained in the above structure is shared by a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (1).
- R 11 to R 17 each independently represent a substituent
- R 18 to R 23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- n11, n13, n14, and n17 each independently represent 0.
- n12 represents an integer of 0 to 2
- n15 and n16 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
- R 11 to R 23 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group.
- a heteroarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylheteroarylamino group (an amino group having an aryl group and a heteroaryl group), a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl Oxy groups are preferred.
- substituents include an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, and an alkyl group.
- the aryl group, heteroaryl group, diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group, arylheteroarylamino group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, and aryloxy group are described in the general formula (1). Can be referred to.
- R 14 bonded to the 2-position of the benzene ring and R 15 bonded to the 2-position of the benzene ring may be bonded to each other to form a single bond or a linking group (where the 1-position of the benzene ring is represented by the general formula ( 1a) is a position bonded to the nitrogen atom N). Further, R 16 bonded to the 2-position of the benzene ring and R 17 bonded to the 2-position of the benzene ring may be bonded to each other to form a single bond or a linking group (where the 1-position of the benzene ring is generally This is the position bonded to the nitrogen atom N shown in the formula (1a)).
- N11 and n13 to n17 in the general formula (1a) are preferably any integer from 0 to 3, and more preferably any integer from 0 to 2.
- the number of substituents present as R 11 to R 23 is preferably 0 to 26, more preferably 0 to 16, and for example, 1 to 8 , From 2 to 8, from 0 to 4, or from 0 to 2.
- a compound group represented by the general formula (1a) a compound group in which R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , and R 23 are a hydrogen atom can be mentioned.
- R 18 , R 20 , R 21 and R 23 are hydrogen atoms, and n11 to n17 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 18 to R 23 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, Examples of the compound group include a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group.
- R 19 and R 22 are a substituent can be mentioned, and as a more preferred compound group, R 19 and R 22 are substituted or unsubstituted.
- a group of compounds which is an aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group Can be mentioned.
- substituents include an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, and an alkyl group.
- R 31 to R 37 each independently represent a substituent
- n31 to n33 and n35 each independently represent any integer of 0 to 5
- n34 and n37 each independently represent 0 to And
- n36 represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the substituent that can be taken by R 31 to R 37 in the general formula (1b) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- the aryl group or the alkyl group has a substituent
- examples of the substituent include an aryl group and an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group which can be taken by R 31 to R 37 in the general formula (1b) preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4.
- the aryl group that can be taken by R 31 to R 37 in the general formula (1b) is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- N31 to n37 in the general formula (1b) are each preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
- n31 to n37 in the general formula (1b) is preferably from 0 to 14, more preferably from 0 to 8, for example, selected from 1 to 8 or selected from 2 to 8 Or from 0 to 4 or from 0 to 2.
- a compound group represented by the general formula (1b) a compound group in which R 31 to R 37 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group can be mentioned, and as a more preferable compound group, R 31 to R 37 has no Compounds that are substituted phenyl groups can be mentioned.
- n35 is any integer of 1 to 5
- n35 is any integer of 1 to 3
- R 35 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
- n36 is any integer of 1 to 4; a compound group in which n36 is any integer of 1 to 3; and n36 is 1 and R 36 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
- n35 and n36 are each independently 1 to any integer, compound group 3, n35 and n36 is 1, compound group, n35 and n36 are independently substituted each R 35 and R 36 a 1 Alternatively, a compound group which is an unsubstituted phenyl group can be given.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (1a) can be synthesized with reference to paragraphs [0281] to [0316] of Japanese Patent No. 5935199 and the description of the synthesis examples. Moreover, it is also possible to synthesize by combining known synthesis methods. The specific synthesis procedure can be referred to Synthesis Example 1 described later.
- R 31 to R 35 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, but not all four are the same.
- the other one represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, or a cyano group.
- substituent of the carbazol-9-yl group which R 31 to R 35 can take a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted group
- Preferred examples include a diheteroarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylheteroarylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group. These groups may be further substituted with these substituents.
- the aryl group, heteroaryl group, diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group, arylheteroarylamino group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, and aryloxy group are described in the general formula (1). Can be referred to.
- the substituent is preferably bonded at the 3-position or both the 3- and 6-positions of the carbazole ring.
- carbazol-9-yl group that R 31 to R 35 can take are a 3-methylcarbazol-9-yl group, a 3,6-dimethylcarbazol-9-yl group, and a 3-ethylcarbazol-9-yl group 3,6-diethylcarbazol-9-yl group, 3-t-butylcarbazol-9-yl group, 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl group, 3-phenylcarbazol-9-yl group, 3,6-diphenylcarbazol-9-yl group, 3- (carbazol-9-yl) carbazol-9-yl group, 3,6-bis (carbazol-9-yl) carbazol-9-yl group, and the like. Can be.
- R 31 to R 35 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, but not all four are the same. All four may be different, but are preferred when three are the same and one is different, or when two are the same and the other two are the same.
- R 31 and R 35 are the same and R 32 and R 34 are the same
- R 31 and R 34 and R 35 are the same
- R 31 and R 34 are the same and R 32
- R 35 are the same, R 32 is the same as R 34 and R 35 but the only R 31 is different, or R 31 is the same as R 34 and R 35 but the only R 32 is different.
- the difference between the substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group present in the general formula (2) may be a difference whether the carbazol-9-yl group has or does not have a substituent.
- the difference may be the type of the substituent bonded to the -9-yl group or the bonding position of the substituent bonded to the carbazol-9-yl group. Preference is given to differences in whether the carbazol-9-yl group has or does not have a substituent, and differences in the type of substituent bonded to the carbazol-9-yl group.
- Examples of different types of substituents bonded to the carbazol-9-yl group include a carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an alkyl group and a carbazol-9-yl group substituted with an aryl group. it can.
- a carbazol-9-yl group in which the 3- and 6-positions are each substituted with an alkyl group and only the 3-position are substituted with an alkyl group Carbazol-9-yl group.
- the other one of R 31 to R 35 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, or a cyano group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group may be the same as at least one of the other four, May be different from the four.
- the description of the aryl group in the description of the general formula (1) can be referred to.
- the aryl group that the remaining one of R 31 to R 35 can take may be substituted, and a preferable substituent is an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- a preferable substituent is an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- the aryl group that the remaining one of R 31 to R 35 can take include, for example, a phenyl group in which the 4-position is substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group, and a phenyl group in which the 3- and 5-positions are substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- the remaining one is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a cyano group, it may be any of R 31 to R 35 , but is preferably R 33 .
- R 41 to R 44 and R 46 to R 49 each independently represent a substituent, but four substituted or unsubstituted carbazole-9-bonded to benzonitrile of the general formula (2a).
- the yl groups are not all identical.
- n41 to n44 and n46 to n49 each independently represent any integer of 0 to 4.
- R 45 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, or a cyano group.
- R 41 to R 44 and R 46 to R 49 can take, refer to the description of the substituent of the carbazol-9-yl group that R 31 to R 35 can take in the description of the general formula (2). Can be.
- R 45 reference can be made to the description of the group that the remaining one of R 31 to R 35 in the description of the general formula (2) can take.
- n41 is 2 or more, plural R 41 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 41 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n42 is 2 or more, plural R 42 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 42 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n43 is 2 or more, plural R 43 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 43 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n44 is 2 or more, plural R 44 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 44 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n46 When n46 is 2 or more, plural R 46 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 46 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n47 When n47 is 2 or more, plural R 47 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 47 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n48 When n2 or more, plural R 48 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 48 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- n49 When n49 is 2 or more, plural R 49 may be the being the same or different, and two adjacent R 49 is not formed may be bonded together to form a ring structure Is also good.
- the description of the cyclic structure in the general formula (1) can be referred to.
- n41 to n49 are preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- the sum of n41 to n49 is preferably 1 to 24, more preferably 1 to 16, and even more preferably 1 to 8.
- n41 to n44 and n46 to n49 when only n41 is 1 and the others are 0, when only n43 is 1 and the others are 0, n41 and n42 are 1 and the others are 0
- n43 and n44 are 1 and the others are 0, n41 and n43 are 1 and the others are 0, n41 and n46 are 1 and the others are 0, n41 and n48 are 1
- n41 and n42 are 0 and when others
- the compound represented by formula (2) or (2a) can be synthesized with reference to Synthesis Example 2 described below. That is, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group is introduced into the 2- and 6-positions by reacting 4-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile with a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole. Then, the compound can be synthesized by introducing a substituted or unsubstituted diarylcarbazol-9-yl group at the 3-position and 5-position by reacting with a substituted or unsubstituted diarylcarbazole. Moreover, it is also possible to synthesize by combining known synthesis methods.
- Tables 1 and 2 below show specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2), but the compounds that can be employed in the present invention are not limited to the following specific examples. .
- the general formulas (3a) and (3b) representing the substituents in the general formula (2) are also described below.
- an organic compound contained in an organic layer between the electrodes transitions from a ground state to an excited singlet state and an excited triplet state.
- the formation probability of an organic compound in an excited singlet state (singlet exciton) and an organic compound in an excited triplet state (triplet exciton) is statistically 25% for singlet excitons and 75% for triplet excitons. %. Then, among the excitons, the energy of the compound of the general formula (2) in the excited singlet state moves to the compound of the general formula (1), and the compound of the general formula (1) in the ground state transitions to the excited singlet state. .
- the compound of the general formula (1) in the excited singlet state emits fluorescence when returning to the ground state thereafter.
- the energy of the compound of the general formula (1) in the excited singlet state is transferred to another luminescent material, and the luminescent material in the ground state transitions to the excited singlet state and then emits fluorescence when returning to the ground state. Radiate.
- the compound of the general formula (2) since the compound of the general formula (2) is a compound that easily crosses from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state, the singlet excitation due to the reverse intersystem crossing is caused. Energy also transfers to the compound of general formula (1).
- the energy of the excited triplet state having a large abundance ratio also indirectly contributes to light emission, and the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device is dramatically improved as compared with the structure not including the compound of the general formula (2).
- the compound of the general formula (2) is a compound that is liable to cross as much as possible.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material absorbs the heat generated by the device and relatively easily crosses the inverse triplet from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state, thereby efficiently contributing the excited triplet energy to light emission. be able to.
- Compounds of general formula (2) is preferably a difference Delta] E ST energy level E T1 at the lowest excited triplet state energy level E S1 and 77K in the lowest excited singlet state is equal to or less than 0.3eV , 0.2 eV or less, more preferably 0.15 eV or less, and even more preferably 0.10 eV or less.
- Energy difference Delta] E ST is smaller compounds, since the reverse intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state occurs relatively easily, it is possible to contribute to the triplet energy to emit light efficiently.
- the use of the compound represented by the general formula (2) allows the exciton annihilation or device due to the accumulation of triplet excitons to occur. Deterioration is suppressed, and excellent high durability can be obtained in addition to higher luminous efficiency. Also, suppression of exciton annihilation can greatly contribute to the realization of an organic laser.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) in an organic light emitting device it is possible to realize an organic light emitting device that emits good blue light.
- the chromaticity coordinate x in the CIE-XYZ color system is 0.23 or less and y is 0.40 or less, preferably x is 0.20 or less and y is 0.30 or less, more preferably x is 0.16 or less. It is possible to provide an organic light emitting device that can emit light in which y is 0.26 or less.
- the usefulness of the present invention is extremely high because few satisfactory organic light-emitting devices that emit good blue light with high luminous efficiency have been provided.
- the emission color of the organic light-emitting device of the present invention is not necessarily limited to blue. Even if the organic light-emitting device realizes light emission other than blue, the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used. As long as the compound represented by the formula (2) is used, it is included in the scope of the present invention.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) may be included together in any one of the layers constituting the organic light-emitting device, or each compound may be different. It may be included in a layer. When they are contained in different layers, it is preferable that each compound is contained in layers adjacent to each other.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) may be included in the light emitting layer together, or the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be combined with the compound represented by the general formula (2)
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) may be contained in a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer together with the compound represented by the general formula (1), or the compound represented by the general formula (2) may be contained in the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) can be included in a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer. It is preferable to use a compound represented by the general formula (2) in an organic light emitting device in a larger amount than a compound represented by the general formula (1). When the total of these compounds is 100 parts by weight, the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 49.9 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 35 parts by weight. .
- a host material may be included in addition to these compounds.
- the host material is an organic compound having a minimum excited singlet energy larger than that of the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the compound represented by the general formula (2), and functions as a host material for transporting carriers. It has a function of confining the energy of the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the compound. Accordingly, the organic compound represented by the general formula (1) receives the energy generated by the recombination of holes and electrons in the molecule, and receives the energy from the host material and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the host material it is preferable to use an organic compound having a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, preventing a long wavelength of light emission, and having a high glass transition temperature.
- the host material is preferably contained in the light-emitting layer in a larger amount than the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the content is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, and preferably 99.9% by weight or less, and 95% by weight or less based on the total weight of the light emitting layer. Is more preferable.
- the light emitting layer contains only the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2), and the light emitting layer includes the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the host material are contained, the energy transfer from the compound represented by the general formula (2) to the compound represented by the general formula (1) is performed.
- the compound emits light.
- a light emitting material may be included in addition to these compounds. .
- the light-emitting material is a compound having a lower minimum excited singlet energy than the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the light emitting layer may include a host material.
- the light-emitting material emits light by receiving energy transfer from the compound represented by the general formula (1), the compound represented by the general formula (2), or both. At this time, light emission from the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be observed.
- the content of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer is preferably 0.01% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the light emitting layer.
- the light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting material.
- the light emitting layer may contain a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer emits light by receiving energy transfer from the compound represented by the general formula (1), the compound represented by the general formula (2), or both of the adjacent layers.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be included in a layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer such that the compound represented by the general formula (2) is included in the light-emitting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) that has undergone energy transfer from the compound represented by the general formula (2) may emit light, or the light-emitting layer may further include a light-emitting material to emit light. Light may be emitted from the material.
- the usage of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) in the organic light emitting device can be appropriately arranged according to the production purpose and function of the organic light emitting device.
- the organic photoluminescence (PL) element has a structure in which at least a light emitting layer is formed on a substrate.
- the organic electroluminescence (EL) element has a structure in which at least an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer are formed between the anode and the cathode.
- the organic layer includes at least the light emitting layer, and may be composed of only the light emitting layer, or may have one or more organic layers in addition to the light emitting layer. Examples of such other organic layers include a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an exciton blocking layer.
- the hole transport layer may be a hole injection transport layer having a hole injection function
- the electron transport layer may be an electron injection transport layer having an electron injection function.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) are contained in a layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, these compounds may be any one of the above compounds adjacent to the light emitting layer. Can be included in the layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a specific example of the structure of an organic electroluminescence element.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is an anode
- 3 is a hole injection layer
- 4 is a hole transport layer
- 5 is a light emitting layer
- 6 is an electron transport layer
- 7 is a cathode.
- each member and each layer of the organic electroluminescence element will be described. Note that the description of the substrate and the light emitting layer also applies to the substrate and the light emitting layer of the organic photoluminescence element.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and may be any substrate conventionally used in organic electroluminescent devices, and for example, a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, silicon, or the like can be used.
- anode As the anode in the organic electroluminescence element, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound and a mixture thereof having a large work function (4 eV or more) are preferably used as an electrode material.
- an electrode material include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- a material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming an amorphous transparent conductive film may be used.
- the anode may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering of these electrode materials, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when the pattern accuracy is not required so much (about 100 ⁇ m or more). ), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method and a coating method can be used.
- the transmittance is desirably greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Further, the thickness depends on the material, but is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- cathode a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof are used as an electrode material.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O) 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron-injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a large work function value such as a magnesium / silver mixture, from the viewpoint of durability against electron injection and oxidation.
- a magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be manufactured by forming a thin film from these electrode materials by a method such as evaporation or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced, and by applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be used. Can be made.
- the light-emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively.
- the light-emitting layer includes a layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2), and a compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the layer adjacent to the light emitting layer contains the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the layer adjacent to the light emitting layer contains the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer for driving voltage reduction and emission luminance improvement, and has a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer. And between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transporting layer. An injection layer can be provided as needed.
- the blocking layer is a layer that can prevent diffusion of charges (electrons or holes) and / or excitons existing in the light emitting layer out of the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer, and blocks electrons from passing through the light emitting layer toward the hole transport layer.
- a hole blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer, and blocks holes from passing through the light emitting layer toward the electron transport layer.
- the blocking layer can also be used to prevent excitons from diffusing out of the emissive layer. That is, each of the electron blocking layer and the hole blocking layer can also have a function as an exciton blocking layer.
- the electron blocking layer or the exciton blocking layer referred to in the present specification is used to mean a layer having the functions of an electron blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer in one layer.
- the hole blocking layer has the function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of preventing holes from reaching the electron transport layer while transporting electrons, thereby improving the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer.
- a material of the hole blocking layer a material of an electron transport layer described later can be used as needed.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of transporting holes in a broad sense.
- the electron blocking layer has the role of transporting holes and preventing electrons from reaching the hole transporting layer, thereby improving the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer. .
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer.
- the light emitting layer can be efficiently confined in the light emitting layer, and the light emitting efficiency of the element can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted at the same time.
- the layer when the exciton blocking layer is provided on the anode side, the layer can be inserted between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, and when inserted on the cathode side, the light emitting layer and the cathode can be inserted. Can be inserted adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, and the like can be provided between the anode and the exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the anode side.
- An electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and the like can be provided between the electron blocking layer and the electron blocking layer.
- a blocking layer it is preferable that at least one of the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the material used as the blocking layer is higher than the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the light emitting material.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transporting material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be any of an organic substance and an inorganic substance.
- hole transporting materials that can be used include, for example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, Examples include amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styryl anthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline-based copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers. It is preferable to use an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, and it is more preferable to use an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transporting material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material) may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- Examples of usable electron transporting layers include nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, and oxadiazole derivatives.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which an oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as the electron transporting material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain, or a polymer material in which these materials are used as a polymer main chain can be used.
- Preferred materials that can be used for the organic electroluminescence device are specifically described below.
- materials that can be used in the present invention are not limited to the following exemplified compounds. Further, even a compound exemplified as a material having a specific function can be diverted as a material having another function.
- the organic electroluminescence device emits light by applying an electric field between an anode and a cathode of the obtained device. At this time, if the light emission is due to the excited singlet energy, light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as fluorescence emission and delayed fluorescence emission. In the case of light emission due to the excited triplet energy, a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as phosphorescence. Since normal fluorescence has a shorter fluorescence lifetime than delayed fluorescence emission, the emission lifetime can be distinguished between fluorescence and delayed fluorescence.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be applied to any of a single device, a device having a structure arranged in an array, and a structure in which an anode and a cathode are arranged in an XY matrix.
- an organic light-emitting device having high luminous efficiency can be provided by including the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the organic light emitting device such as the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be further applied to various uses.
- an organic electroluminescent display device can be manufactured using the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
- Organic electroluminescent device of the present invention can be applied to organic electroluminescent lighting and backlight, which are in great demand.
- composition and film The present invention also provides a composition containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the composition may be in a solution state or a solid state. When in a solution state, it is dissolved in a solvent in which the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) are both soluble. For example, toluene can be used.
- the present invention also provides a film containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) may be mixed, or the layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be mixed with the compound represented by the general formula ( It may have a structure in which layers containing the compound represented by 2) are stacked.
- the film containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) is useful as a film for an organic light-emitting device, but may be used for other purposes.
- fluorescence having an emission lifetime of 100 ns or less was determined to be immediate fluorescence
- fluorescence having an emission lifetime of 0.1 ⁇ s or more was determined to be delayed fluorescence.
- reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, filtered using silica gel (eluent: toluene), and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. After dissolving the obtained crude product in toluene, an appropriate amount was distilled off under reduced pressure, and hexane was added for reprecipitation, whereby N 1 , N 3 -diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (16.5 g, (60% yield) as a white solid.
- 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (8.11 g, 30 mmol), diphenylamine (10.1 g, 60 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (550 mg, 0.6 mmol), 2-dicyclohexylphenylphosphino
- SPhos 0.493 g, 1.2 mmol
- NaOtBu 8.60 g, 90 mmol
- toluene 300 ml
- N 1 , N 1 ′-(1,3-phenylene) bis (N 1 , N 3 , N 3 , N 5 , N 5 -pentaphenylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine (3.24 g, 3.0 mmol) )
- orthodichlorobenzene 400 ml
- boron tribromide (1.13 ml, 12 mmol)
- FIG. 2 shows the results of spectrum measurement of the toluene solution of the compound 1 and the toluene solution of the compound 2-38 at 300K.
- the upper part of FIG. 2 shows an absorption spectrum of a toluene solution of the compound 1 and an emission spectrum when the toluene solution of the compound 2-38 is irradiated with excitation light having a wavelength of 360 nm. In the region around 450 nm, it was confirmed that both overlapped.
- the emission spectrum when a toluene solution of the compound 1 is irradiated with excitation light having a wavelength of 360 nm is shown by a broken line in the lower part of FIG.
- the lowest excited singlet energy level (E S1 ) and the lowest excited triplet energy level (E T1 ) of the compound 2-38 were measured according to the following methods.
- (1) Lowest excited singlet energy level (E S1 ) A tangent was drawn to the rise of the emission spectrum of the toluene solution of compound 2-38 on the short wavelength side, and the wavelength value ⁇ edge [nm] at the intersection of the tangent and the horizontal axis was determined. The value obtained by converting this wavelength value to an energy value by the following conversion formula was defined as ES1 .
- E S1 was 2.79eV.
- the maximum point having a peak intensity of 10% or less of the maximum peak intensity of the spectrum is not included in the above-described maximum value on the shortest wavelength side, and the slope value closest to the maximum value on the shortest wavelength side has a maximum value.
- the tangent drawn at the point taken was taken as the tangent to the rise on the short wavelength side of the phosphorescence spectrum.
- Example 1 Preparation and Measurement of Thin Film Containing Compound 1 and Compound 2-38
- Compound 1 and compound 2-38 and mCBP [3,3′-di () were formed on a quartz substrate at a degree of vacuum of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less.
- 9H-carbazol-9-yl) -1,1′-biphenyl] were co-evaporated from different evaporation sources to form thin films having a thickness of 50 nm (1% by weight of compound 1 and 25% by weight of compound 2-38).
- MCBP is 74% by weight). This thin film was used as the thin film of Example 1.
- the emission spectrum of the thin film of Example 1 when irradiated with excitation light having a wavelength of 360 nm is shown by the solid line in the lower part of FIG. 2 (FWHM is 20 nm). It was confirmed that the emission spectrum was consistent with that of Compound 1.
- the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the thin film of Example 1 was 75%, and the delay component was 30%.
- fluorescence having an emission lifetime of less than 0.1 ⁇ s was determined to be immediate fluorescence
- fluorescence having an emission lifetime of 0.1 ⁇ s or more was determined to be delayed fluorescence, and the ratio of the delayed component was determined.
- Example 2 Preparation and Measurement of Organic Electroluminescent Device Containing Compound 1 and Compound 2-38
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the layers were stacked at a degree of vacuum of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vapor deposition method.
- a hole injection layer was formed by depositing HATCN to a thickness of 10 nm on ITO, and a hole transport layer was formed thereon by depositing TrisPCz to a thickness of 30 nm.
- mCBP was deposited to a thickness of 5 nm to form an electron blocking layer.
- a 50 nm-thick light-emitting layer was formed by co-evaporating Compound 1, Compound 2-38 and mCBP from different evaporation sources (1% by weight of Compound 1, 25% by weight of Compound 2-38, and mCBP of 74% by weight).
- SF3-TRZ is deposited to a thickness of 10 nm to form a hole blocking layer
- SF3-TRZ: LiQ (weight ratio 7: 3) is deposited thereon to a thickness of 20 nm to form electrons.
- a transport layer was formed. Further, LiQ was formed to a thickness of 2 nm, and then aluminum (Al) was formed to a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode, whereby an organic electroluminescence device of Example 2 was produced.
- Example 3 Preparation and Measurement of Organic Electroluminescence Device Containing Compound 8 and Compound 2-117
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the layers were stacked at a degree of vacuum of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vapor deposition method.
- a hole injection layer was formed by depositing HATCN to a thickness of 10 nm on ITO, and a hole transport layer was formed thereon by depositing TrisPCz to a thickness of 30 nm.
- mCBP was deposited to a thickness of 5 nm to form an electron blocking layer.
- a light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm was formed by co-evaporating Compound 8, Compound 2-117 and mCBP from different evaporation sources (Compound 8 was 0.5% by weight, Compound 2-117 was 15% by weight, mCBP is 84.5% by weight).
- SF3-TRZ is deposited to a thickness of 10 nm to form a hole blocking layer
- SF3-TRZ: LiQ (weight ratio 7: 3) is deposited thereon to a thickness of 20 nm to form electrons.
- a transport layer was formed.
- an organic electroluminescent device of Example 3 was manufactured by forming LiQ to a thickness of 2 nm and then forming aluminum (Al) to a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode.
- Example 3 shows the results of measurement of each transient decay curve of a comparative organic electroluminescent element (Comparative Element 2) which was different only in that the light emitting layer was composed of (25% by weight) and mCBP (75% by weight). Since the ratio of the delay component was increased by changing from the comparative device 1 to the device of Example 2, it was confirmed that the energy transfer from the compound 2-38 to the compound 1 was performed.
- the external quantum efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device of Example 2 was a high value exceeding 20% at 1000 nit (1.8 lm / W).
- the external quantum efficiency of the comparative organic electroluminescent device was different only in that the light emitting layer was composed of Compound 1 (1% by weight) and mCBP (99% by weight), the external quantum efficiency was 8%.
- the organic electroluminescence device of Example 2 achieves a significant improvement in quantum efficiency.
- the time (LT95) required for the emission intensity of the organic electroluminescence device of Example 2 to become 95% of the value at the start of the measurement (LT95) is about 100 hours at 750 nit (1.35 lm / W), and has a long life.
- the organic electroluminescent device of Example 3 had a maximum emission wavelength of 469 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 22.5% at the maximum. Also in Example 3, it was confirmed that the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention had high luminous efficiency.
- the organic light emitting device of the present invention has high luminous efficiency. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-efficiency organic light-emitting device that emits good blue light. Therefore, the present invention has high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、特定の構造を有する多環芳香族化合物と特定の構造を有する遅延蛍光材料を組み合わせて用いることにより、発光効率が高い有機発光素子を提供し得ることを見いだして、以下に記載する本発明を提供するに至った。
[2] 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を1つまたは複数有する化合物が、前記一般式(1)で表される構造を2つ有する化合物である、[1]に記載の有機発光素子。
[3] 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(1a)で表される化合物である、[2]に記載の有機発光素子。
[4] R19およびR22が各々独立に置換基を表す、[3]に記載の有機発光素子。
[5] 前記一般式(2)におけるR31~R35の少なくとも1つは、3位か6位の少なくとも一方が置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[6] 前記一般式(2)におけるカルバゾール-9-イル基が、無置換であるか、あるいは、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のジヘテロアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリールオキシ基で置換されている、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[7] 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(2a)で表される化合物である、[6]に記載の有機発光素子。
[8] 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を発光層内に含有する、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[9] 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物と前記一般式(2)で表される化合物を同じ層内に含有する、[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の有機発光素子。
[10] 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物と前記一般式(2)で表される化合物をともに含む組成物。
[11] 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物と前記一般式(2)で表される化合物をともに含む膜。
R1、R2が採りうるヘテロアリール基は、少なくともベンゼン環が縮合した多環構造を有しており、その多環構造を構成するベンゼン環で結合する基である。R1、R2が採りうるヘテロアリール基を構成するヘテロアリール環の説明と好ましい範囲については、a環、b環およびc環が採りうるヘテロアリール環の説明と好ましい範囲を参照することができる。
R1は、-O-、-S-、-C(-Rc1)2-または単結合により、a環および/またはc環におけるNとの結合位置(原子)に隣接している炭素原子と結合していてもよい。R2は、-O-、-S-、-C(-Rc2)2-または単結合により、a環および/またはb環におけるNとの結合位置(原子)に隣接している炭素原子と結合していてもよい。ここでいうNとの結合位置(原子)に隣接している炭素原子は、Bとは結合していない炭素原子である。Rc1およびRc2は、それぞれ独立して水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。ここでいうアルキル基は、炭素数1~4であるものが好ましく、例えばメチル基、エチル基を挙げることができる。R1、R2が、-O-、-S-、-C(-Rc1)2-、-C(-Rc2)2-または単結合によりa環、b環および/またはc環と結合して形成される環状構造として、例えばフェノキサジン環、フェノチアジン環、アクリジン環、カルバゾール環を挙げることができる。
ベンゼン環の2位に結合したR14とベンゼン環の2位に結合したR15は、互いに結合して単結合または連結基を形成してもよい(ここでベンゼン環の1位は一般式(1a)に表示された窒素原子Nに結合する位置である)。また、ベンゼン環の2位に結合したR16とベンゼン環の2位に結合したR17は、互いに結合して単結合または連結基を形成してもよい(ここでベンゼン環の1位は一般式(1a)に表示された窒素原子Nに結合する位置である)。ここでいう連結基については、一般式(1)における連結基の記載を参照することができる。
一般式(1a)におけるn11、n13~n17は、0~3のいずれかの整数であることが好ましく、0~2のいずれかの整数であることがより好ましい。
一般式(1a)で表される好ましい化合物群として、R18、R20、R21、R23が水素原子である化合物群を挙げることができ、より好ましい化合物群として、R18、R20、R21、R23が水素原子であって、n11~n17が各々独立に0~2のいずれかの整数である化合物群を挙げることができる。
一般式(1a)で表される別の好ましい化合物群として、R18~R23が水素原子、置換または無置換のアリール基、置換または無置換のジアリールアミノ基、置換または無置換のアルキル基、置換または無置換のアルコキシ基または置換または無置換のアリールオキシ基である化合物群を挙げることができる。
一般式(1a)で表されるさらに別の好ましい化合物群として、R19とR22が置換基である化合物群を挙げることができ、より好ましい化合物群としてR19とR22が置換または無置換のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基、置換または無置換のジアリールアミノ基、置換または無置換のアルキル基、置換または無置換のアルコキシ基または置換または無置換のアリールオキシ基である化合物群を挙げることができる。これらの基が置換基を有する場合の置換基としては、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基またはアルキル基が挙げられる。
一般式(1b)におけるn31~n37は、0~2のいずれかの整数であることが好ましく、0~1のいずれかの整数であることがより好ましい。
一般式(1b)で表される好ましい化合物群として、R31~R37が置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基である化合物群を挙げることができ、より好ましい化合物群として、R31~R37が無置換のフェニル基である化合物群を挙げることができる。
一般式(1b)で表される別の好ましい化合物群として、n35が1~5のいずれかの整数である化合物群、n35が1~3のいずれかの整数である化合物群、n35が1であってR35が置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基である化合物群を挙げることができる。また、n36が1~4のいずれかの整数である化合物群、n36が1~3のいずれかの整数である化合物群、n36が1であってR36が置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基である化合物群を挙げることができる。さらに、n35とn36が各々独立に1~3のいずれかの整数である化合物群、n35とn36が1である化合物群、n35とn36が1であってR35とR36が各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のフェニル基である化合物群を挙げることができる。
ここでいうアリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジヘテロアリールアミノ基、アリールヘテロアリールアミノ基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、およびアリールオキシ基については、一般式(1)におけるこれらの基の説明を参照することができる。
R31~R35が採りうるカルバゾール-9-イル基が置換されている場合、その置換基の結合位置は、カルバゾール環の3位か、3位と6位の両方であることが好ましい。
R31~R35が採りうるカルバゾール-9-イル基の具体例として、3-メチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3,6-ジメチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3-エチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3,6-ジエチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3-t-ブチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3,6-ジーt-ブチルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3-フェニルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3,6-ジフェニルカルバゾール-9-イル基、3-(カルバゾール-9-イル)カルバゾール-9-イル基、3,6-ビス(カルバゾール-9-イル)カルバゾール-9-イル基などを挙げることができる。
一般式(2)に存在する置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾール-9-イル基の相違点は、カルバゾール-9-イル基が置換基を有するか有さないかの相違であってもよいし、カルバゾール-9-イル基に結合している置換基の種類の相違であってもよいし、カルバゾール-9-イル基に結合している置換基の結合位置の相違であってもよい。好ましいのは、カルバゾール-9-イル基が置換基を有するか有さないかの相違と、カルバゾール-9-イル基に結合している置換基の種類の相違である。カルバゾール-9-イル基に結合している置換基の種類が相違する例として、アルキル基で置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基とアリール基で置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基を挙げることができる。カルバゾール-9-イル基に結合している置換基の結合位置が相違する例として、3位と6位がそれぞれアルキル基で置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基と3位だけがアルキル基で置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基を挙げることができる。
n41~n44、n46~n49の組み合わせ例として、n41だけが1であり他が0である場合、n43だけが1であり他が0である場合、n41とn42が1であり他が0である場合、n43とn44が1であり他が0である場合、n41とn43が1であり他が0である場合、n41とn46が1であり他が0である場合、n41とn48が1であり他が0である場合、n41~n44が1であり他が0である場合、n41、n42、n46、n47が1であり他が0である場合、n43、n44、n46、n47が1であり他が0である場合、n41、n42が0であり他が1である場合、n43、n44が0であり他が1である場合を挙げることができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子用の材料として組み合わせて用いることができる。有機発光素子では、一般式(2)で表される化合物から一般式(1)で表される化合物へと効率よくエネルギー移動がなされ、そのエネルギーが発光に使用される。この機構を、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を例にとって以下において説明する。
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子では、電極から注入されたホールおよび電子の再結合によって励起エネルギーが発生すると、電極間の有機層に含まれる有機化合物が基底状態から励起一重項状態および励起三重項状態に遷移する。励起一重項状態の有機化合物(一重項励起子)と励起三重項状態の有機化合物(三重項励起子)との形成確率は、統計的に一重項励起子が25%、三重項励起子が75%である。そして、励起子のうち励起一重項状態の一般式(2)の化合物のエネルギーが一般式(1)の化合物に移動し、基底状態の一般式(1)の化合物が励起一重項状態に遷移する。励起一重項状態になった一般式(1)の化合物は、その後基底状態に戻るときに蛍光を放射する。あるいは、励起一重項状態になった一般式(1)の化合物のエネルギーが別の発光材料に移動し、基底状態の発光材料が励起一重項状態に遷移し、その後基底状態に戻るときに蛍光を放射する。
このとき、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子では、一般式(2)の化合物が励起三重項状態から励起一重項状態に逆項間交差しやすい化合物であるため、この逆項間交差による一重項励起エネルギーも一般式(1)の化合物に移動する。このため、存在比率の大きい励起三重項状態のエネルギーも間接的に発光に寄与し、一般式(2)の化合物を含まない構成に比べて有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光効率を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
一般式(2)の化合物は、できるだけ逆項間交差しやすい化合物であることが好ましい。このため、熱エネルギーの吸収によって励起三重項状態から励起一重項状態に逆項間交差する熱活性化型の遅延蛍光材料であることが好ましい。熱活性化型の遅延蛍光材料は、デバイスが発する熱を吸収して励起三重項状態から励起一重項状態へ比較的容易に逆項間交差し、その励起三重項エネルギーを効率よく発光に寄与させることができる。一般式(2)の化合物は、最低励起一重項状態でのエネルギー準位ES1と77Kの最低励起三重項状態でのエネルギー準位ET1の差ΔESTが0.3eV以下であることが好ましく、0.2eV以下であることがより好ましく、0.15eV以下であることがさらに好ましく、0.10eV以下であることがさらにより好ましい。エネルギー差ΔESTが小さい化合物は、励起三重項状態から励起一重項状態への逆項間交差が比較的容易に起こるため、その励起三重項エネルギーを効率よく発光に寄与させることができる。また、励起過程での三重項励起子の蓄積が効果的に抑制されるため、一般式(2)で表される化合物を用いることにより、三重項励起子の蓄積に起因する励起子消滅やデバイス劣化が抑えられ、より高い発光効率に加えて優れた高い耐久性を得ることもできる。また、励起子消滅が抑えられることにより、有機レーザーの実現にも大いに貢献することができる。
一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子を構成するいずれかの層に一緒に含まれるようにしてもよいし、それぞれの化合物が異なる層に含まれるようにしてもよい。異なる層に含まれるようにする場合は、互いに隣接する層に各化合物が含まれるようにすることが好ましい。例えば、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物が発光層にともに含まれるようにしたり、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物が発光層に隣接する層にともに含まれるようにしたり、一般式(1)で表される化合物が発光層に含まれるようにして一般式(2)で表される化合物が発光層に隣接する層に含まれるようにしたりすることが可能である。
有機発光素子には、一般式(1)で表される化合物よりも、一般式(2)で表される化合物を多量に用いるのが好ましい。これらの化合物の合計を100重量部としたとき、一般式(1)で表される化合物は0.01~49.9重量部で用いることが好ましく、1~35重量部で用いることがより好ましい。
ホスト材料としては、正孔輸送能、電子輸送能を有し、かつ発光の長波長化を防ぎ、なおかつ高いガラス転移温度を有する有機化合物を採用することが好ましい。ホスト材料は、一般式(1)で表される化合物や一般式(2)で表される化合物よりも発光層に多く含まれるようにすることが好ましい。具体的には、発光層の全重量の40重量%以上とすることが好ましく、50重量%以上とすることがより好ましく、また、99.9重量%以下とすることが好ましく、95重量%以下とすることがより好ましい。発光層に一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物だけが含まれる場合と、発光層に一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物とホスト材料が含まれる場合は、一般式(2)で表される化合物から一般式(1)で表される化合物へのエネルギー移動を経て、主として一般式(1)で表される化合物から発光する。
一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物が発光層にともに含まれるようにする場合は、これらの化合物の他に発光材料が含まれるようにしてもよい。発光材料は、一般式(1)で表される化合物よりも最低励起一重項エネルギーが小さい化合物である。このとき、発光層にはホスト材料も含まれていてもよい。発光材料は、一般式(1)で表される化合物、一般式(2)で表される化合物、またはこれらの両方からエネルギー移動を受け、発光する。このとき、一般式(1)で表される化合物からの発光が観測されることもある。発光層における発光材料の含有量は、発光層の全重量の0.01重量%~30重量%とすることが好ましく、0.1重量%~15重量%とすることがより好ましい。
一般式(1)で表される化合物が発光層に含まれるようにして一般式(2)で表される化合物が発光層に隣接する層に含まれるようにしてもよい。一般式(2)で表される化合物からエネルギー移動を受けた一般式(1)で表される化合物が発光するようにしてもよいし、発光層にさらに発光材料が含まれるようにして、発光材料から発光するようにしてもよい。
有機発光素子における一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物の使用態様は、有機発光素子の製造目的や機能に応じて適宜アレンジすることができる。
有機フォトルミネッセンス(PL)素子は、基板上に少なくとも発光層を形成した構造を有する。また、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)素子は、少なくとも陽極、陰極、および陽極と陰極の間に有機層を形成した構造を有する。有機層は、少なくとも発光層を含むものであり、発光層のみからなるものであってもよいし、発光層の他に1層以上の有機層を有するものであってもよい。そのような他の有機層として、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、電子阻止層、正孔阻止層、電子注入層、電子輸送層、励起子阻止層などを挙げることができる。正孔輸送層は正孔注入機能を有した正孔注入輸送層でもよく、電子輸送層は電子注入機能を有した電子注入輸送層でもよい。一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を発光層に隣接する層に含まれるようにする場合、これらの化合物は発光層に隣接する上記のいずれかの層に含ませることができる。具体的な有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の構造例を図1に示す。図1において、1は基板、2は陽極、3は正孔注入層、4は正孔輸送層、5は発光層、6は電子輸送層、7は陰極を表わす。
以下において、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の各部材および各層について説明する。なお、基板と発光層の説明は有機フォトルミネッセンス素子の基板と発光層にも該当する。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英、シリコンなどからなるものを用いることができる。
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な材料を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性および酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
また、陽極の説明で挙げた導電性透明材料を陰極に用いることで、透明または半透明の陰極を作製することができ、これを応用することで陽極と陰極の両方が透過性を有する素子を作製することができる。
発光層は、陽極および陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔および電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層である。発光層には、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む層、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物とホスト材料を含む層、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物と発光材料を含む層、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物と発光材料とホスト材料を含む層、発光材料を含む層、発光材料とホスト材料を含む層、発光材料と一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む層などとすることができる。発光層に一般式(1)で表される化合物が含まれていない場合は、発光層に隣接する層に一般式(1)で表される化合物が含まれる。発光層に一般式(2)で表される化合物が含まれていない場合は、発光層に隣接する層に一般式(2)で表される化合物が含まれる。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、および陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
阻止層は、発光層中に存在する電荷(電子もしくは正孔)および/または励起子の発光層外への拡散を阻止することができる層である。電子阻止層は、発光層および正孔輸送層の間に配置されることができ、電子が正孔輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。同様に、正孔阻止層は発光層および電子輸送層の間に配置されることができ、正孔が電子輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。阻止層はまた、励起子が発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止するために用いることができる。すなわち電子阻止層、正孔阻止層はそれぞれ励起子阻止層としての機能も兼ね備えることができる。本明細書でいう電子阻止層または励起子阻止層は、一つの層で電子阻止層および励起子阻止層の機能を有する層を含む意味で使用される。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有する。正孔阻止層は電子を輸送しつつ、正孔が電子輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。正孔阻止層の材料としては、後述する電子輸送層の材料を必要に応じて用いることができる。
電子阻止層とは、広い意味では正孔を輸送する機能を有する。電子阻止層は正孔を輸送しつつ、電子が正孔輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。すなわち、励起子阻止層を陽極側に有する場合、正孔輸送層と発光層の間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができ、陰極側に挿入する場合、発光層と陰極との間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができる。また、陽極と、発光層の陽極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、正孔注入層や電子阻止層などを有することができ、陰極と、発光層の陰極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、電子注入層、電子輸送層、正孔阻止層などを有することができる。阻止層を配置する場合、阻止層として用いる材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーの少なくともいずれか一方は、発光材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーよりも高いことが好ましい。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
正孔輸送材料としては、正孔の注入または輸送、電子の障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。使用できる公知の正孔輸送材料としては例えば、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、カルバゾール誘導体、インドロカルバゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体およびピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、アニリン系共重合体、また導電性高分子オリゴマー、特にチオフェンオリゴマー等が挙げられるが、ポルフィリン化合物、芳香族第3級アミン化合物およびスチリルアミン化合物を用いることが好ましく、芳香族第3級アミン化合物を用いることがより好ましい。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
一方、燐光については、本発明の化合物のような通常の有機化合物では、励起三重項エネルギーは不安定で熱等に変換され、寿命が短く直ちに失活するため、室温では殆ど観測できない。通常の有機化合物の励起三重項エネルギーを測定するためには、極低温の条件での発光を観測することにより測定可能である。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、単一の素子、アレイ状に配置された構造からなる素子、陽極と陰極がX-Yマトリックス状に配置された構造のいずれにおいても適用することができる。本発明によれば、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含有させることにより、発光効率が高い有機発光素子を提供することができる。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子などの有機発光素子は、さらに様々な用途へ応用することが可能である。例えば、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を用いて、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置を製造することが可能であり、詳細については、時任静士、安達千波矢、村田英幸共著「有機ELディスプレイ」(オーム社)を参照することができる。また、特に本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、需要が大きい有機エレクトロルミネッセンス照明やバックライトに応用することもできる。
本発明は、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む組成物も提供する。組成物は、溶液状態であってもよいし、固体状態であってもよい。溶液状態にある場合は、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物がともに溶解する溶媒に溶解する。例えばトルエンを用いることができる。
本発明は、一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む膜も提供する。膜内において一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物は混合されていてもよいし、一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む層と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む層が積層された構造を含んでいてもよい。一般式(1)で表される化合物と一般式(2)で表される化合物を含む膜は、有機発光素子用の膜として有用であるが、それ以外の用途に用いてもよい。
以下に記載される発光特性の評価は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(パーキンエルマー社製:Lambda950-PKA)、蛍光分光光度計(HORIBA社製:FluoroMax-4)、マルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製:PMA-12C10027-01)、光励起絶対発光量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス社製:C9920PMA-11)、蛍光寿命測定装置(浜松ホトニクス社製:C11367-25)、およびストリークカメラ(浜松ホトニクス社製:U8167-1)を用いて行った。また、本実施例では、発光寿命が100ns以下の蛍光を即時蛍光と判定し、発光寿命が0.1μs以上の蛍光を遅延蛍光と判定した。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=5.63(s,2H)、6.60(dd,2H)、6.74(t,1H)、6.90(t,2H)、7.06(d,4H)、7.12(t,1H)、7.24(dt,4H).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.56(d,2H)、6.64(t,1H)、7.00(t,4H)、7.05(d,8H)、7.21(dd,8H).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.38(d,4H)、6.41(t,2H)、6.58(dd,2H)、6.70(t,1H)、6.88-6.90(m,14H)、6.85(t,1H)、6.99(d,16H)、7.08-7.15(m,20H).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=5.72(s,2H)、5.74(s,2H)、5.86(s,1H)、6.83(d,2H)、6.88-6.93(m,12H)、7.05(t,8H)、7.12-7.19(m,6H)、7.24-7.26(m,4H)、7.05(d,4H)、7.12(dd,8H)、7.12-7.19(m,6H)、7.32(d,4H)、7.38(dd,2H)、7.42(t,2H)、7.46(dd,2H)、7.47(dd,4H)、9.30(d,2H)、10.5(s,1H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):99.5(2C+2C)、103.4(1C)、116.8(2C)、120.0(2C)、123.1(4C)、125.3(8C)、127.1(2C)、127.6(2C)、128.5(8C)、129.6(4C)、129.8(4C)、130.2(4C+2C)、130.3(4C)、135.0(2C)、142.1(2C)、142.5(2C)、143.3(1C)、146.8(4C)、147.9(2C+2C)、148.0(2C)、150.1(2C)、151.1(2C).
1H-NMR(500MHz、CDCl3):δ=7.56-7.51(m,3H),7.48-7.45(m,2H)
ASAPマススペクトル分析:理論値251.0、観測値251.1
1H-NMR(500MHz、CDCl3):δ=8.16(d,J=7.5Hz,4H)、7.62-7.59(m,2H)、7.54-7.49(m,7H)、7.38(dt,J=7.5Hz,1.0Hz,4H),7.30(d,J=7.5Hz,4H)、
ASAPマススペクトル分析:理論値545.2、観測値545.2
1H-NMR(500MHz、CDCl3):δ=7.81(d,J=1.5Hz,4H)、7.72-7.70(m,4H)、7.54-7.52(m,8H)、7.43(t,J=7.5Hz,8H)、7.32(t,J=7.5Hz、4H)、7.29-7.06(m,20H)、6.86-6.83(m,2H)、6.61-6.58(m,1H)、6.56-6.52(m,2H)
ASAPマススペクトル分析:理論値1143.4、観測値1143.4
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 298 K, relative to Me4Si): δ = 8.16 (d, 2H, 7.5 Hz), 7.53-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.48 (t, 2H, 7.0 Hz), 7.38 (t, 2H, 7.5 Hz), 7.11 (d, 2H, 8.0 Hz); 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 155.8, 155.7, 153.8, 153.7, 150.9, 150.8, 150.7, 150.1, 150.0, 149.9, 148.8, 148.7, 148.6, 148.0, 147.9, 147.8, 140.0, 126.6, 124.4, 124.3, 124.3, 124.2, 124.2, 121.6, 120.8, 112.2, 112.0, 111.9, 111.8, 109.4, 109.3, 109.2,109.2, 105.5, 105.4;
19F NMR (471 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -114.32 (m, 1H), -128.05 (m, 1H), -130.54 (m, 1H);
MS (APCI) calcd. for C19H9F3N2:
m/z = 322.08; found: 322.17 [M]+.
1H NMR (500 MHz, Acetone-d6, 298 K, relative to Me4Si): δ = 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 2H), 8.29 (d, 4H, 10.0 Hz), 7.95-8.00 (m, 10H), 7.55-7.70 (m, 18H), 7.30-7.45 (m, 20H), 7.18 (t, 2H, 7.0 Hz). 13C NMR (126 MHz, Acetone-d6): δ = 143.1,143.1, 142.1, 142.0, 141.6, 141.5, 141.0, 140.7, 140.2, 140.0, 136.2, 135.9, 135.8, 130.6, 130.5, 128.8, 128.8, 128.7, 128.5, 128.4, 127.6, 126.8, 126.7, 126.7, 126.5, 126.42, 125.8, 122.9, 122.0, 120.5, 120.4, 120.4, 113.4, 112.9, 112.7, 112.7.
MS (APCI) calcd. for C91H57N5:
m/z = 1220.5; found: 1221.0 [M]+. Elemental analysis calcd. (%) for C91H57N5: C 89.55, H 4.71, N 5.74; found: C 89.51, H 4.65, N 5.72.
化合物1のトルエン溶液と化合物2-38のトルエン溶液を調製した(各濃度は10-5mol/L)。
化合物1のトルエン溶液と化合物2-38のトルエン溶液について、300Kでスペクトル測定を行った結果を図2に示す。図2上段には、化合物1のトルエン溶液の吸収スペクトルと、化合物2-38のトルエン溶液に波長360nmの励起光を照射したときの発光スペクトルを示している。450nm前後の領域で、両者に重なりがあることが確認された。化合物1のトルエン溶液に波長360nmの励起光を照射したときの発光スペクトルは、図2下段に破線で示してある。
(1)最低励起一重項エネルギー準位(ES1)
化合物2-38のトルエン溶液の発光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸との交点の波長値 λedge[nm]を求めた。この波長値を次に示す換算式でエネルギー値に換算した値をES1とした。ES1は2.79eVであった。
換算式:ES1[eV]=1239.85/λedge
(2)最低励起三重項エネルギー準位(ET1)
化合物2-38のトルエン溶液を77[K]に冷却し、励起光(337nm)を照射し、ストリークカメラを用いて燐光強度を測定した。励起光入射後1ミリ秒から入射後10ミリ秒の発光を積算することで、縦軸を発光強度、横軸を波長の燐光スペクトルを得た。この燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸との交点の波長値λedge[nm]を求めた。この波長値を次に示す換算式でエネルギー値に換算した値をET1とした。
換算式:ET1[eV]=1239.85/λedge
燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線は以下のように引いた。燐光スペクトルの短波長側から、スペクトルの極大値のうち、最も短波長側の極大値までスペクトル曲線上を移動する際に、長波長側に向けて曲線上の各点における接線を考えた。この接線は、曲線が立ち上がるにつれ(つまり縦軸が増加するにつれ)、傾きが増加する。この傾きの値が極大値をとる点において引いた接線を、当該燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線とした。
スペクトルの最大ピーク強度の10%以下のピーク強度をもつ極大点は、上述の最も短波長側の極大値には含めず、最も短波長側の極大値に最も近い、傾きの値が極大値をとる点において引いた接線を当該燐光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対する接線とした。
(3)測定結果
化合物2-38の最低励起一重項エネルギー準位(ES1)は2.79eVであり、最低励起三重項エネルギー準位(ET1)は2.66eVであった。ES1-ET1を計算することにより、ΔESTは0.13eVと計算された。
真空度5×10-4Pa以下で石英基板上に化合物1と化合物2-38とmCBP[3,3’-ジ(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)-1,1’-ビフェニル]を異なる蒸着源から共蒸着させることにより厚さ50nmの薄膜を形成した(化合物1が1重量%、化合物2-38が25重量%、mCBPが74重量%)。この薄膜を、実施例1の薄膜とした。
実施例1の薄膜に対して、波長360nmの励起光を照射したときの発光スペクトルを、図2下段に実線で示す(FWHMは20nm)。化合物1の発光スペクトルと一致していることが確認された。実施例1の薄膜のフォトルミネッセンス量子効率は75%であり、遅延成分は30%であった。ここでは、発光寿命が0.1μs未満の蛍光を即時蛍光と判定し、発光寿命が0.1μs以上の蛍光を遅延蛍光と判定して遅延成分の割合を求めた。
膜厚50nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2×10-5Paで積層した。
まず、ITO上にHATCNを10nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔注入層を形成し、その上に、TrisPCzを30nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔輸送層を形成した。続いて、mCBPを5nmの厚さに蒸着して電子阻止層を形成した。次に、化合物1と化合物2-38とmCBPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着させることにより厚さ50nmの発光層を形成した(化合物1が1重量%、化合物2-38が25重量%、mCBPが74重量%)。その上に、SF3-TRZを10nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔阻止層を形成し、その上に、SF3-TRZ:LiQ(重量比7:3)を20nmの厚さに蒸着して電子輸送層を形成した。さらにLiQを2nmの厚さに形成し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成することにより陰極を形成することにより、実施例2の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
膜厚50nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2×10-5Paで積層した。
まず、ITO上にHATCNを10nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔注入層を形成し、その上に、TrisPCzを30nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔輸送層を形成した。続いて、mCBPを5nmの厚さに蒸着して電子阻止層を形成した。次に、化合物8と化合物2-117とmCBPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着させることにより厚さ30nmの発光層を形成した(化合物8が0.5重量%、化合物2-117が15重量%、mCBPが84.5重量%)。その上に、SF3-TRZを10nmの厚さに蒸着して正孔阻止層を形成し、その上に、SF3-TRZ:LiQ(重量比7:3)を20nmの厚さに蒸着して電子輸送層を形成した。さらにLiQを2nmの厚さに形成し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成することにより陰極を形成することにより、実施例3の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製した。
実施例2の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の外部量子効率は、1000nit(1.8lm/W)で20%を上回る高い値であった。化合物1(1重量%)とmCBP(99重量%)からなる発光層に変えた点だけが異なる比較用の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(比較素子1)の外部量子効率が8%であったことから、実施例2の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は大幅な量子効率の向上を達成している。また、実施例2の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光強度が測定開始時の95%になるまでの時間(LT95)は、750nit(1.35lm/W)で約100時間であり、長い寿命を有することが確認された。
また、実施例3の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は発光極大波長が469nmであり、外部量子効率が最大22.5%であった。実施例3においても、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が高い発光効率を有することが確認された。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 陰極
Claims (11)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される構造を1つまたは複数有する化合物と下記一般式(2)で表される化合物をともに含む有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を1つまたは複数有する化合物が、前記一般式(1)で表される構造を2つ有する化合物である、請求項1に記載の有機発光素子。
- R19およびR22が各々独立に置換基を表す、請求項3に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(2)におけるR31~R35の少なくとも1つが、3位か6位の少なくとも一方が置換されたカルバゾール-9-イル基である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(2)におけるカルバゾール-9-イル基が、無置換であるか、あるいは、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のジヘテロアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のアリールヘテロアリールアミノ基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリールオキシ基で置換されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を発光層内に含有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物と前記一般式(2)で表される化合物を同じ層内に含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の有機発光素子。
- 下記一般式(1)で表される化合物と下記一般式(2)で表される化合物をともに含む組成物。
- 下記一般式(1)で表される化合物と下記一般式(2)で表される化合物をともに含む膜。
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