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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
  • C07F9/657172—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom the ring phosphorus atom and one oxygen atom being part of a (thio)phosphinic acid ester: (X = O, S)
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
  • C07F9/657181—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom the ring phosphorus atom and, at least, one ring oxygen atom being part of a (thio)phosphonic acid derivative
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
  • C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
  • C08K5/5353—Esters of phosphonic acids containing also nitrogen
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  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
  • C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
  • C08K5/5357—Esters of phosphonic acids cyclic
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  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/019—Specific properties of additives the composition being defined by the absence of a certain additive
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2201/00—Properties
  • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composition
• a composition comprising a polymer material and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant based on an aminomethyl bisphosphonate, a process for producing the composition, the use of the flame retardant and selected structures of the flame retardant.
• the best-known flame retardants include halogenated organic compounds, metal hydroxides, organic or inorganic phosphates, phosphonates or phosphinates and derivatives of 1,3,5-triazine compounds and mixtures thereof.
• a distinction can be drawn between these low-molecular and high-molecular flame retardants. Although high molecular weight, i.e.
• polymeric flame retardants such as the halogenated polyol Exolit OP 550 from Clariant advantageously have only slight plasticizer effects and a low migration capacity in the polymer material, however, in contrast to the low molecular weight flame retardant additives, they are often more difficult to mix with the polymer material to be protected during technical processing, especially with low meltability. Furthermore, the hardening of the polymer material can be negatively influenced by adding the high molecular flame retardant.
• the majority of the flame retardants used are therefore low molecular weight compounds.
• phosphorus-containing compounds are known to be particularly efficient. In the event of fire, these can expand into bulky protective layers in polymer materials, which is referred to as intumescence. This forms an insulating layer which inhibits the supply of oxygen and which prevents the polymer material from burning further.
• the flame retardant effect in the solid phase can be based on an increase in the charring rate of the polymer material or the formation of inorganic glasses.
• a gas phase mechanism also contributes to the flame-retardant activity, in which the combustion process of the polymer material is greatly slowed down by radical combinations with PO radicals which result from the combustion of the phosphorus compound.
• TCEP halogenated phosphate
• TCPP 2,-chloropropyl phosphate
• Halogenated and halogen-free phosphonates are an alternative to phosphate-containing flame retardants. Compared to the phosphates, these have a particularly pronounced flame-retardant gas phase activity.
• DE 2 128 060 describes the use of aminomethanephosphonic esters with a phosphorus content of up to 23.2% by weight as flame retardants in polyurethanes.
• the aminomethanephosphonic esters are prepared from hexamethylenetetramine and dialkyl or diarylphosphonates. To use these phosphonates, they are dissolved in the polyol component of a polyurethane-forming mixture together with other additives that may be required, and a polyisocyanate is added to this.
• the esters containing NH groups are incorporated into the polymer material by addition to the isocyanate group.
• EP 0 001 996 relates to the preparation of / V, A-bis (2-hydroxylalkyl) aminomethane-phosphonic acid dimethyl esters, which are mainly used as flame-retardant additives in polymer materials, in particular in polyurethanes.
• a H-acidic compound is added as a catalyst to a mixture of dimethyl phosphite and oxazolidine.
• the products have a terminal secondary hydroxyl group and can thus be incorporated into the polymer material when added to the polyol component of a polyurethane-forming mixture.
• the added H-acidic substances remain in the polymer material, which can lead to an impairment of the properties.
• CA 2 027 078 relates to aryl aminomethanephosphonates, which can be used as flame retardants in foams, thermoplastics and thermosets.
• the corresponding compounds are prepared by reacting an amine with trialkyl or triaryl phosphites and paraformaldehyde. The products can either be added to the polymer material to be processed in the extrusion process or serve as an additive for the co-condensation component in a polycondensation reaction.
• DOPO derivatives with a flame retardant effect are known, which are produced from DOPO (9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide), paraformaldehyde and piperazine. These are halogen-free and have a flame-retardant effect when used in polycarbonates.
• these compounds also have only a low thermal stability, which is due to the weak P-C bond of the P-CF N group.
• the a-amino group stabilizes the carbon radical generated by homolysis, so that the P-C bond cleavage in these flame retardants takes place at relatively low temperatures. Since the tertiary amine which is formed by the homolysis has a low molar mass, it escapes as a volatile component and causes a corresponding loss in mass. If the flame retardant is embedded in a polymer material, the release of the amine can result in increased smoke gases. Due to the low decomposition temperature, the flame retardants are already partially broken down during the molding process of the polymer material into which they are incorporated. Another disadvantage of these flame retardants is that, because of their low phosphorus content, they have to be added to the polymer material in high concentrations, which significantly affects the processability, flexibility and other product properties of the polymer material.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a composition with a polymer material which has a halogen-free flame retardant with similar or even better flame retardant properties than that known from the prior art, which in lower concentrations in the composition and at the same time good flame retardant Effect can be used that decomposes only at higher temperatures than the known flame retardants, preferably far above the processing and / or manufacturing temperature and just below or at the decomposition temperature of the polymer material, and when it decomposes in the polymer material, a lower smoke gas density and / or a lower Smoke gas toxicity occurs.
• composition which contains and / or bound a halogen-free flame retardant in an amount of 1 to 40% by weight, based on the overall composition, of a polymer material, in particular a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer material, wherein the flame retardant is a compound of formula (I), its corresponding ammonium salt, its corresponding phosphonate salt or a mixture of the above:
• R 1 and R 2 are identical or different substituents and are selected from the group consisting of linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, alkylene and alkynylene, unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted phenylene, mononuclear and multinuclear aromatics with up to 4 nuclei, mononuclear or multinuclear heteroaromatics with up to 4 nuclei, silylene, allyl, alkyl or aryl alcohols, or
• R 1 and R 2 together, including the N atom, a saturated or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated heterocycle with 4-8 ring atoms, which are selected from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon and
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are identical or different substituents and are selected from the group consisting of H, linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene, unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted phenylene, multinuclear aromatics with bis to 4 cores, mononuclear or multinuclear heteroaromatics with up to 4 cores, silylene, allyl, alkyl or aryl alcohols, cations, the cation being Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , NH 4 + or the ammonium ion of an amine compound selected from the group consisting of melamine or its condensation products, preferably melam, meier, melon, urea, guanidine, morpholine and piperazine, where
• R 1 and R 2 are methyl
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different substituents and are selected from the group consisting of linear, branched or cyclic alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene, unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted phenylene, multinuclear aromatics with up to 4 nuclei, mononuclear or multinuclear heteroaromatics with up to 4 nuclei, silylene, allyl, alkyl or aryl alcohols, cations, the cation being Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , or the ammonium ion of an amine compound selected from the group consisting of melamine or its condensation products, preferably melam, meier, melon, urea, guanidine, morpholine and piperazine
• the flame retardants according to the invention can be prepared by the method described in DE 31 33 308 A1. According to this, alkylaminomethane diphosphonic acids or their acrylic derivatives can be obtained in very good yields if the reaction products of acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride and phosphorous acid are reacted with alkylformamides in stoichiometric ratios. In order to achieve the highest possible yield, the reaction temperature of the first reaction stage, i.e. the implementation of acetic anhydride or acyl chloride with phosphorous acid, kept between 40-60 ° C.
• Suitable alkylformamides include Mono- and dialkylformamides such as methyl- and dimethylformamide, ethyl- and diethylformamide and the formyl compounds of morpholine, piperidine, pyrolidine, oxazolidine and alkanolamines are described.
• R 1 and R 2 together, including the N atom, form a morpholine or piperidine ring, particularly preferably structures of the formulas (II) and (III).
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are preferably H, Na + , NH 4 + , Zn 2+ or Al 3+ .
• all of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are H.
• three of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are sodium and one radical is H.
• R 1 and R 2 together, including the N atom, form a 1,3,5-triazinecyclohexane ring, particularly preferably a structure of the formula (IV).
• R 1 and R 2 are identical or different substituents, at least one of the substituents being melamine, the nitrogen atoms of the amino groups being substituted by H, an alkyl, an aryl or a methyl bisphosphonate group of the following structure (II) ,
• each of the nitrogen atoms of the amino groups one of the substituents H and the other a methyl bisphosphonate group of structure (II).
• each substituent on each of the nitrogen atoms is a methyl bisphosphonate group of structure (II).
• the flame retardants according to the invention have a higher thermal stability than the phosphonates known from the prior art, in which the carbon in the a position to the nitrogen is only substituted by one phosphonate group.
• the decomposition temperature is higher than that of comparable known phosphonates.
• the decomposition temperature is understood as the temperature at which a loss in mass of a dry sample of the flame retardant of 2% by weight is achieved.
• aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP, CAS: 6419-19-8) already achieves a mass loss of 2% by weight at 176.4 ° C (see FIG. 5).
• a corresponding loss of mass is only achieved in the phosphonates according to the invention at significantly higher temperatures (see FIGS. 2 and 4).
• the mass loss of the sample depending on the temperature can be determined by thermogravimetry.
• "rocking" means that the water content of the flame retardant is ⁇ 0.5% by weight.
• the water content of the flame retardant can be determined by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, colorimetric Karl Fischer titration or NIR spectroscopy.
• the flame retardant according to the invention is particularly suitable for incorporation into a polymer material which is to be processed by extrusion, since it does not decompose at the processing temperatures customary for extrusion, but only at the higher temperatures which occur in fires and then develops its flame-retardant effect.
• the flame retardant according to the invention advantageously also has a lower development of smoke gases. This manifests itself in a higher residual mass after decomposition.
• the inventors assume that the increased thermal stability of the flame retardants according to the invention is due to their special structure.
• the bonds are first cleaved at the weak P-C bond of the P-CH2N group.
• the PC bond is fundamentally chemically and thermally stable, the a-amino group stabilizes the carbon formed by the homolysis radically, so that the PC bond cleavage in aminomethane phosphonates takes place at a lower temperature.
• the a-amino group in the prior art compounds has a relatively low molecular weight
• the corresponding amine can escape after the homolysis as a gaseous product.
• the escape of the amine is a thermodynamic driving force of the reaction, so that it proceeds preferentially.
• a further phosphate group is bound to the carbon radical in the a position to the amine group.
• the amine has a higher molecular weight, which means that it only escapes to a much lesser extent. So that the amine can escape at lower temperatures, this would have to have a lower mass, which can only be achieved by also cleaving the PC bond to the second phosphonate group homolytically.
• the decomposition temperature i.e. a loss in mass of the dry flame retardant of 2% by weight, only achieved from a temperature of 200 ° C., particularly preferably 220 ° C., most preferably from a temperature of 245 ° C.
• the flame retardants according to the invention have a higher phosphorus content than the known phosphonates from the prior art. It was found that the flame retardant effect of the phosphorus-containing flame retardants increases with increasing phosphorus content.
• the effectiveness, ie the flame-retardant effect per unit of flame retardant used, of the flame retardants according to the invention is therefore particularly high. A good flame-retardant effect can therefore be achieved even with low concentrations of flame retardant in the polymer material.
• the properties of the polymer material in particular especially the workability and elongation at break, hardly influenced.
• the phosphorus content of the flame retardant is at least 19.5% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, particularly preferably at least 21.5% by weight, most preferably at least 23.5% by weight. So that the phosphorus content of the flame retardant according to the invention is high, the radicals R 1 -R 6 advantageously have the lowest possible mass.
• the flame retardant according to the invention when adding as an additive to one or more components of a preferably catalyzed polymerization reaction, it may be advantageous to use the flame retardant according to the invention as a salt or ester, particularly preferably as a salt. In this way a possible interaction of free acid groups of the flame retardant with the components, e.g. avoided with the catalyst of the reaction. Even with pH sensitive polymer materials, i.e.
• the flame retardant according to the invention can advantageously be used as a salt or ester in polymer materials which change their structure under the action of acids and / or are decomposed.
• the salt form can be dissolved in water and mixed homogeneously with the polyol in one way. If the flame retardant is used as an ester, this can also contribute to better binding to the matrix due to the hydrophobization, which in turn leads to better mechanics and less migration from the polymer.
• At least one, preferably at least two, particularly preferably at least three, most preferably four of the groups R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are a cation, the cation being Na + , K + , Mg 2 + , Ca 2+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , NH 4 + or the ammonium ion of an amine compound selected from the group consisting of melamine or its condensation products, preferably Melam, Meiern, Melon, urea, guanidine, Morpholine and piperazine.
• Na + and Ca 2+ are particularly preferred.
• the most preferred is the use of Na + as the cation, since it has a low molar mass and the phosphorus weight fraction of the flame retardant can thereby be kept as high as possible.
• the flame retardant according to the invention is preferably an acid.
• the flame retardant according to the invention can preferably be in the form of the acid Polyurethane foaming process can be added as a co-addition component.
• the same applies to other polymers which are produced by polyaddition for example polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, polyethylene glycols and polyureas.
• the phosphonic acid group reacts with one of the components and is thereby incorporated into the polymer. It is therefore particularly preferred to use the flame retardants according to the invention in the form of the acid as a co-addition component in the preparation of these polymers.
• the flame retardant according to the invention is used in the form of the acid as a co-condensation component in a polycondensation reaction.
• the inventors here assume that the phosphonic acid groups react with the hydroxyl or amine groups of the components of the condensation reaction and are thereby incorporated into the polymer.
• the flame retardants according to the invention are therefore preferably used in the form of the acid as a co-condensation component in the production of polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides.
• the radicals R 3 and / or R 4 and / or R 5 and / or R 6 are organic radicals with more than two carbon atoms.
• Phosphonic acid esters with short-chain carbon residues, in particular methyl are known from the prior art. However, since these have an alkylating effect under decomposition conditions, they can be highly toxic. For example, human DNA can be permanently damaged. However, the alkylation effect decreases sharply with increasing chain length.
• Polymer materials into which the flame retardant can be introduced are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), polyurea, polyphenylene oxide, polyacetal, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylic ester (ASA), polycarbonate, polyether sulfone , Polysulfonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurea, formaldehyde resins, melamine resins, polyether ketone, polyvinyl chloride, polylactide, polysiloxane, phenolic resins,
• the use of the flame retardant according to the invention is particularly preferred in foams of the aforementioned polymer materials, particularly preferably in polyurethane foams.
• the flame retardant is preferably added to the polyol component as an additive or co-condensation / addition component. If the flame retardant is added as an additive, it is preferably a salt or an ester. If the flame retardant is added as a co-condensation / addition component, this is preferably an acid.
• flame retardants R 1 and R 2 used together including the N atom, to form a morpholine ring, so that a flame retardant having the structure of the formula (II) is obtained.
• the polymer material contains the flame retardant in an amount of at least 1.5% by weight or at least 5% by weight or at least 10% by weight or at least 15% by weight and / or in an amount of at most 35% by weight or at most 30% by weight or at most 25% by weight, based on the total polymer composition.
• the flame retardant according to the invention can advantageously in combination with other flame retardants, e.g. with those that effect flame protection by another mechanism.
• the interaction of the flame retardant according to the invention with other flame retardants can have a synergistic effect, i.e. an effect that goes beyond the mere sum of the flame retardant effect of the individual components can be achieved.
• the polymer material contains at least one further flame-retardant component, which is preferably selected from nitrogen bases, melamine derivatives, phosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates, organic and inorganic phosphinates, organic and inorganic phosphonates and derivatives of the abovementioned compounds.
• at least one further flame-retardant component which is preferably selected from nitrogen bases, melamine derivatives, phosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates, organic and inorganic phosphinates, organic and inorganic phosphonates and derivatives of the abovementioned compounds.
• ammonium polyphosphate coated and / or coated and / or coated and crosslinked ammonium polyphosphate particles, and 1, 3,5-triazine compounds, including melamine, melam, Meier, with melamine, melamine resin, melamine derivatives, silanes, siloxanes, polysiloxanes, silicones or polystyrenes, and Melon, ammeiin, ammelid, 2-ureidomelamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, diaminophenyltriazine, melamine salts and adducts, melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate, aluminum diethylamine polyphosphinate, 1-polyamine, polyphosphinate, trihydrate aminophosphate, polyphosphinate, triethylamine, polyphosphinate, triethylamine, polyphosphinate, polyphosphin
• the polymer material preferably contains a phosphate, in particular ammonium polyphosphate, as a further flame retardant component. Since the solid phase activity of phosphates generally exceeds that of phosphonates, whereas phosphonates have a higher gas phase activity, the combination can achieve a particularly pronounced flame retardant effect.
• the ratio of the flame retardant according to the invention to the at least one further flame retardant component in the polymer material is 1:18 to 1: 1, preferably 1: 9 to 1: 4 and particularly preferably 1: 6 to 1: 4. These ratios also apply to the use of ammonium polyphosphate as a further flame retardant component.
• the polymer material preferably contains further fillers which are selected from calcium carbonate, silicates, such as talc, clay or mica, kaolin or wolastonite, silica, calcium and barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, glass fibers and glass balls, and also wood flour, cellulose powder and carbon blacks and graphites are.
• these fillers can bring about further desired properties of the polymer material. In particular, this can reduce the price of the polymer material, color the polymer material or improve its mechanical properties, e.g. through reinforcement with glass fibers.
• the polymer material has a total halogen content of ⁇ 1500 ppm by weight, preferably ⁇ 900 ppm by weight.
• the halogen content can be determined by the analytical methods common to the person skilled in the art, such as combustion ion chromatography (CIC).
• CIC combustion ion chromatography
• the particularly low halogen content is advantageous compared to Flame retardants from the prior art, since in the known flame retardants a lot of halogen was introduced in the form of inorganic and organically bound halogens.
• the term “halogen-free” in the sense of the invention allows low levels of halogen contamination in the aforementioned maximum amounts. However, halogen should generally be kept low to avoid the adverse effects of the halogens.
• a dispersing agent in the polymer material according to the invention there is a dispersing aid in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the weight of the Flame retardants according to the invention contain, the dispersing agent preferably among fatty acid amides, including fatty acid monoamides, fatty acid bisamides and fatty acid alkanolamides, such as oiaeamides and erucamides, among fatty acid esters, including glycerol esters and wax esters, under C16 to C18 fatty acids, under fatty acid alcohols, including cetyl fatty and - Acid alcohols, natural and synthetic waxes, polyethylene waxes and oxidized polyethylene waxes and metal stearates, preferably Ca, Zn, Mg
• the flame retardant according to the invention has a free water content (moisture content) of ⁇ 0.6% by weight, preferably ⁇ 0.4% by weight.
• a low water content also improves the meterability of the flame retardant, the extrudability of the polymer material and the homogeneity of the dispersed flame retardant within the composition and prevents hydrolysis-related decomposition.
• the flame retardant can be introduced into the polymer material by various methods. First of all, the flame retardant can be incorporated into the polymer material during the molding process. If the polymer material is processed, for example, by extrusion, the flame retardant can be added in the extrusion process, for example by means of a masterbatch.
• a masterbatch in the sense of the present invention is a polymer material in the form of granules or powder which contains the flame retardant and any further additives in concentrations which are higher than in the end use.
• the masterbatch or various masterbatches are combined with further polymer material without the flame retardant contained in the masterbatch in amounts or ratios which correspond to the desired concentrations of the flame retardant.
• Masterbatches have the advantage over the addition of various substances in the form of pastes, powders or liquids that they ensure high process reliability and are very easy to process and dose.
• the flame retardant is evenly distributed in the polymer material by the extrusion.
• the flame retardant is a co-condensation component or a co-addition component of the polymer material, which is used in the production of the polymer material by polycondensation or polyaddition.
• the flame retardant can thus be bound to the polymer material.
• the incorporation of the flame retardant into the polymer can be demonstrated using suitable analysis techniques, in particular 31 PN M R spectroscopy.
• the polymer material is a polyester or a polyurethane.
• a corresponding procedure has the advantage that the flame retardant is firmly bound to the polymer material and thus can hardly or not escape from the polymer material, ie the "leaching" is correspondingly low.
• the invention also includes a flame retardant, which is a compound of formula I, its corresponding ammonium salt, its corresponding phosphonate salt or a mixture of the aforementioned, characterized in that at least one of the groups R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is H or is a cation, the cation being Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , NH 4 + or the ammonium ion of an amine compound selected from the group consisting of Mela min or its condensation products, preferably Melam, Meiern, Melon, urea, guanidine, morpholine and piperazine.
• a flame retardant which is a compound of formula I, its corresponding ammonium salt, its corresponding phosphonate salt or a mixture of the aforementioned, characterized in that at least one of the groups R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is H or is a cation
• the invention also encompasses the use of a compound of the formula I, its corresponding ammonium salt, its corresponding phosphonate salt or a mixture of the foregoing, as a flame retardant for the flame retardant finish of polymer material, in particular thermoplastic polymer.
• Budit 240 phosphorus-containing, partially cross-linked polyacrylate, produced according to Example 1 of
• Budit 342 Melamine polyphosphate from Chemischen Fabrik Budenheim KG
• Budit 667 intumescent flame protection system from Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG
• TCPP Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate TCPP from Sigma Aid rieh (CAS: 13674-84-5)
• DSC Dynamic differential calorimetry
• Thermoqravimetric analyzes were carried out with a device for simultaneous thermogravimetry - dynamic differential calorimetry (STA / TG-DSC), model STA409 PC / 3 / H Luxx, company Netzsch Automaticbau GmbH, in the range from 25 to 800 ° C under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10K / min. The sample weighed 12-15 mg.
• the NETZSCH Proteus software was used to evaluate the TGA curves.
• Example 1 Synthesis of morpholine-methylaminodiphosphonic acid (MOMP-H4)
• Example 4 Synthesis of an aqueous dissolving sodium salt of morpholine-methylaminodiphosphonic acid (MOMP-H-Na3)
• MOMP-H4 morpholine-methylaminodiphosphonic acid
• 0.1 mol of morpholine are placed in the reactor and stirred. A further 0.1 mol of triethoxymethane are added dropwise. Then 0.2 mol of diethyl phosphite are added. The mixture is heated to 120 ° C. and stirred at this temperature for 4 h. After completion of the reaction, the product is purified by vacuum distillation at 50 mbar and 150 ° C.
• all of the R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 radicals are cations or organic radicals, particularly preferably ethyl, since correspondingly substituted compounds can act as a catalyst in polyurethane foam synthesis.
• the use of such compounds is particularly advantageous since they both accelerate the synthesis of the polyurethane and improve the flame retardant properties of the finished polymer.
• Compounds with a P-OH group, such as MOMP-H4 do not show a corresponding catalytic effect, probably because they are in the form of a zwitterion (POV NFT), the quaternary amino group of which has no catalytic properties.
• the reaction is a condensation reaction in which the product MOM-DOPO2 is formed from the formyl function on 4-formylmorpholine (4-FM) and the PH groups of the DOPO molecules with the elimination of H2O.
• MOM-DOPO2 is formed from the formyl function on 4-formylmorpholine (4-FM) and the PH groups of the DOPO molecules with the elimination of H2O.
• 40 g of DOPO are dissolved in 100 ml of acetic anhydride (AC2O) in a 250 ml flask with stirring and the mixture is heated to 120 ° C. When the temperature is reached, 10 g of 4-FM are added. After 5 hours, the mixture is neutralized with 80 ml of water and the outside temperature is adjusted. After cooling, a white solid precipitates, which is filtered off and washed with water. A further by-product is acetic acid.
• AC2O acetic anhydride
• Example 7 Synthesis of morpholine-methylaminodiphosphonic acid Zn salt (MOMP-H2Zn)
• MOMP-H2Zn morpholine-methylaminodiphosphonic acid Zn salt
• 0.1 mol of 1,4-diformylpiperazine and 0.1 mol of acetic anhydride are placed in the reactor and stirred. The mixture is heated to 120 ° C. Separately, 0.4 mol of phosphorous acid are dissolved in 0.3 mol of acetic anhydride. This solution is then dripped into the reactor. Finally, a further 0.5 mol of acetic anhydride are added and the mixture is heated to 135 ° C. After a reaction time of 30 minutes, 2.1 mol of water are added dropwise. After a further 40 minutes reaction time, the mixture is cooled to room temperature. Then 70 ml of sodium hydroxide solution are added. The product is separated from the mother liquor and dissolved in water. The solution is then precipitated again with sulfuric acid and the product is filtered off, washed and dried.
• V-0 means that the total burning time of 5 test specimens is less than 50 seconds and the cotton ball was not ignited by dripping glowing or burning components of the test specimen.
• the rating V-1 means that the total burning time of 5 test specimens was more than 50 seconds but less than 250 seconds and the cotton ball was not ignited either.
• V-2 means that the total burning time of 5 test specimens was less than 250 seconds, but the cotton ball was ignited by dripping test specimen components in at least one of the 5 tests.
• NC stands for "not classifiable” and means that a total burning time of more than 250 seconds was measured. In many cases of non-classifiability, the test specimen burned completely.
• At least 3 test specimens per measurement were clamped in a horizontal position and held at the free end of a Bunsen burner flame. The burn rate and the total fire distance were evaluated. The exact execution of the tests and the flame with a 2 cm high Bunsen burner flame was carried out according to the specifications of the Underwriter Laboratories, standard UL94.
• the classification into fire protection class HB is given as results.
• the "HB” classification means that the burning rate between two marks, the first 25 mm away from the flamed end, the second 100 mm away from the flamed end, was less than 40 mm / min. In addition, the flame front did not exceed the 100 mm mark.
• NC stands for "not classifiable” and means that the burn rate was> 40 mm / min or the total fire distance> 100 mm over a distance of 75 mm.
• the flame retardant according to the invention was added to the polyol component before the reaction.
• the mass fractions of flame retardants listed in the following table refer to the sum of the masses of polyol, catalyst, flame retardant and isocyanate.
• TPU Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Elastollan 1 185 A from BASF SB
• model Process 1 from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., a granulate with a grain size of approximately 3 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 mm was produced under the extrusion conditions customary for TPU.
• the extrusion process was at a throughput of about 5 kg / h and one
• thermogravimetric measurements showing:

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