WO2019198671A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019198671A1 WO2019198671A1 PCT/JP2019/015341 JP2019015341W WO2019198671A1 WO 2019198671 A1 WO2019198671 A1 WO 2019198671A1 JP 2019015341 W JP2019015341 W JP 2019015341W WO 2019198671 A1 WO2019198671 A1 WO 2019198671A1
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- liquid crystal
- formula
- group
- aligning agent
- organic group
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- 0 CC(*(C(*)=O)I(C(*)=O)C(N*INC)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(*(C(*)=O)I(C(*)=O)C(N*INC)=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- VSTAOWNYNUTGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1C(C)C(C)CC1C Chemical compound CCC1C(C)C(C)CC1C VSTAOWNYNUTGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXUDDWYULYBTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc(cc1)ccc1N)Cc(cc1)ccc1N)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc(cc1)ccc1N)Cc(cc1)ccc1N)=O UXUDDWYULYBTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQLXCWZMPJMYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1C)C2C1C(C)CC2C Chemical compound CC(CC1C)C2C1C(C)CC2C BQLXCWZMPJMYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWWAILZUSKHANH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(C)CC(C)C(C)C1 Chemical compound CC1C(C)CC(C)C(C)C1 VWWAILZUSKHANH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCFAMFYCBVOFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(C)OC(C)C1C Chemical compound CC1C(C)OC(C)C1C NCFAMFYCBVOFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSAIWGXUIFEEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(C2)C(C)C(C)C2C1C Chemical compound CC1C(C2)C(C)C(C)C2C1C ZSAIWGXUIFEEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWRQKMIHKWTCQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)C1c2ccc(C)cc2C(C)C(C)C1 Chemical compound CCC(C)C1c2ccc(C)cc2C(C)C(C)C1 NWRQKMIHKWTCQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDGJUZSNUTCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)C1c2ccccc2C(C)C(C)C1 Chemical compound CCC(C)C1c2ccccc2C(C)C(C)C1 RUDGJUZSNUTCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBNFPUAJWZYIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1)ccc1N LBNFPUAJWZYIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXEZEEJROJHNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1)ccc1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1)ccc1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N QXEZEEJROJHNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHJKQONUYZXKJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1c2c3)ccc1[n](C)c2ccc3N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CN(c(cc1)ccc1N)c(cc1c2c3)ccc1[n](C)c2ccc3N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N OHJKQONUYZXKJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OITORPYZMSUZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N OITORPYZMSUZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1N CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1Nc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1Nc(cc1)ccc1N QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWTPUFNHSVZIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc1ccc(CCNC(NCCc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(CCNC(NCCc(cc2)ccc2N)=O)cc1 BWTPUFNHSVZIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent using a novel polymer, a liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element using the same.
- Liquid crystal display elements are widely used as display units for personal computers, mobile phones, smartphones, televisions and the like.
- the liquid crystal display element includes, for example, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between an element substrate and a color filter substrate, a pixel electrode and a common electrode that apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film that controls the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, A thin film transistor (TFT) for switching an electric signal supplied to the pixel electrode is provided.
- TFT thin film transistor
- As a driving method of liquid crystal molecules a vertical electric field method such as a TN method and a VA method, and a horizontal electric field method such as an IPS method and an FFS method are known.
- the horizontal electric field method in which an electrode is formed only on one side of the substrate and an electric field is applied in a direction parallel to the substrate is wider than the vertical electric field method in which voltage is applied to the electrodes formed on the upper and lower substrates to drive the liquid crystal. It is known as a liquid crystal display element having viewing angle characteristics and capable of high-quality display.
- the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal cell is excellent in viewing angle characteristics, since there are few electrode portions formed in the substrate, if the voltage holding ratio is low, a sufficient voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal and the display contrast is lowered. Further, if the stability of the liquid crystal alignment is small, the liquid crystal does not return to the initial state when the liquid crystal is driven for a long time, which causes a decrease in contrast and an afterimage. Therefore, the stability of the liquid crystal alignment is important. Furthermore, static electricity is likely to be accumulated in the liquid crystal cell, and charges are accumulated in the liquid crystal cell even when a positive / negative asymmetric voltage generated by driving is applied, and these accumulated charges affect the display as a disorder of liquid crystal alignment or an afterimage. The display quality of the liquid crystal element is significantly reduced. In recent years, with the introduction of HDR (High Dynamic Range) accompanying the demand for high contrast, backlights with higher brightness than before have been applied.
- HDR High Dynamic Range
- Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a specific structure and compound, but does not describe resistance to backlight.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a liquid crystal aligning agent having a specific structure, and there is a description regarding backlight resistance of VHR (Voltage Holding Ratio). It was difficult to fully satisfy the required characteristics.
- VHR Voltage Holding Ratio
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element that can obtain a liquid crystal alignment film in which accumulated charge is quickly relaxed and the amount of accumulated charge is hardly changed even when irradiated with a backlight. Is an issue.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by including the polymer obtained from the diamine which has a structure of following formula (1), and an organic solvent.
- R 1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroalkenyl group or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and two R 1 s may be the same or different. (At least one of them is not hydrogen. * Indicates a site bonded to another group. Any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group.)
- a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element that can obtain a liquid crystal alignment film in which accumulated charge is quickly relaxed and the amount of accumulated charge is hardly changed even when irradiated with a backlight are obtained. It is done.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the novel polymer obtained from the diamine (henceforth a specific diamine) which has a structure represented by following formula (1).
- R 1 is as defined above, preferably an alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- the bond between the benzene ring and the nitrogen atom is preferably as shown in the formula (1-1) from the viewpoint of steric hindrance.
- the specific diamine can be represented by, for example, the following formula (1-2), particularly preferably a diamine represented by the following formula (1-3), and further represented by the formula (1-4). Diamine is more preferred.
- R 1 is the same as in the case of formula (1), and Q 1 and Q 2 are each independently a single bond or a divalent organic group, that is, Q 1 and Q 2 are mutually Different structures may be used. Further, the two Q 2 in the formula (1-4) may have different structures. Furthermore, any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group as in the case of the above formula (1).
- R 1 is the same as in the above formula (1)
- R 2 is a single bond or a structure represented by the following formula (3)
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- Any hydrogen atom in the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group.
- R 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, — (CH 2 ) 1 —, —O (CH 2 ) m O—, —CONR—, and —NRCO—.
- Such a monovalent organic group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- * 1 represents a site that binds to the benzene ring in formulas (2-1) to (2-3), and * 2 binds to an amino group in formulas (2-1) to (2-3) Represents a site.
- the method for synthesizing the specific diamine of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a dinitro compound (2-1-N) that is a precursor of the diamine of formula (2-1-1) is synthesized, and the nitro group is synthesized.
- the method of reducing is mentioned.
- the catalyst used for the above reduction reaction is preferably an activated carbon-supported metal available as a commercial product, and examples thereof include palladium-activated carbon, platinum-activated carbon, and rhodium-activated carbon.
- the catalyst does not necessarily need to be an activated carbon-supported metal catalyst such as palladium hydroxide, platinum oxide, or Raney nickel. Palladium-activated carbon, which is generally widely used, is preferred because good results are obtained.
- the reaction may be carried out in the presence of activated carbon.
- the amount of the activated carbon to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 20% by mass with respect to the dinitro compound X1.
- the reaction may be carried out under pressure. In this case, in order to avoid the reduction of the benzene nucleus, the pressure range up to 20 atm is preferable, and the reaction is more preferably performed up to 10 atm.
- a solvent does not react with each raw material, it can be used without a restriction
- aprotic polar organic solvents dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetate (DMAc), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), etc.
- ethers diethyl ether (Et 2 O), diisopropyl, etc.
- solvents can be appropriately selected in consideration of the ease of reaction and the like, and can be used singly or in combination of two or more. If necessary, the solvent can be dried using a suitable dehydrating agent or desiccant and used as a non-aqueous solvent.
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 10 times, preferably 0.5 to 30 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times the dinitro compound. Is double.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range from ⁇ 100 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, and preferably ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually 0.05 to 350 hours, preferably 0.5 to 100 hours.
- the dinitro compound (2-1-N) can be synthesized by a known reaction using, for example, 4-bromonitrobenzene and a corresponding amine according to the following reaction formula.
- the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a polymer obtained using the said specific diamine.
- Specific examples include polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, polyimide, polyurea, polyamide and the like.
- a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (4), And / or at least one polymer selected from polyimide which is an imidized product thereof (hereinafter also referred to as a specific polymer) is more preferable.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group derived from a specific diamine.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of easy imidization by heating.
- Said X 1 is coatability solubility and liquid crystal alignment agent in the solvent of the polymer liquid crystal orientation in the case where the liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage holding ratio, such stored charge, depending on the degree of the properties required May be appropriately selected, and two or more types may be present in the same polymer.
- Specific examples of X 1 include the structures of formulas (X-1) to (X-46) and the like, which are described on pages 13 to 14 of International Publication No. 2015/119168.
- (A-1) and (A-2) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the film hardness, and (A-4) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the relaxation rate of accumulated charges.
- A-15) to (A-17) are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of further improving the liquid crystal orientation and the rate of relaxation of the accumulated charges.
- the polyimide precursor may have a structural unit represented by the following formula (5) in addition to the structural unit represented by the formula (4).
- X 2 is the same as the definition of X 1 in the formula (4). Specific examples of X 2 include the same examples as exemplified for X 1 in formula (4), including preferred examples.
- R 6 has the same definition as R 5 in the formula (4).
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Moreover, it is preferable that at least one of two R ⁇ 7 > is a hydrogen atom.
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not include the structure represented by the formula (1) in the main chain direction, and the structure is not particularly limited. Y 2 is appropriately selected according to the degree of required properties such as the solubility of the polymer in the solvent, the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal alignment film is used, the voltage holding ratio, and the accumulated charge. Two or more types may be mixed in the same polymer.
- (B-28) and (B-29) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the film hardness, and (B-1) to (B-3) are further improved in the liquid crystal orientation.
- (B-14) to (B-18) and (B-27) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the rate of relaxation of accumulated charges, and (B-26) is voltage holding. It is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the rate.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (4) is represented by the formula (4).
- 10 mol% or more with respect to the total of the formula (5) more preferably 20 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 30 mol% or more.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor used in the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 100 in terms of weight average molecular weight (Mw). , 000.
- the polyimide of the specific polymer is obtained by ring-closing the polyimide precursor represented by formula (4) or formula (5).
- the imidation ratio is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- a known method can be used as a method for imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- Chemical imidization in which a basic catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution is simple. Chemical imidization is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer does not easily decrease during the imidization process.
- Chemical imidization can be performed by stirring the polyimide precursor in the presence of a basic catalyst in an organic solvent.
- a basic catalyst examples include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, triethylamine is preferred because it has sufficient basicity to allow the reaction to proceed.
- the temperature for carrying out the imidization reaction is ⁇ 20 to 140 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 1 to 100 hours.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amic acid ester group.
- the imidation rate of the obtained polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, reaction time and the like. Since the added catalyst or the like remains in the solution after the imidation reaction, the obtained imidized polymer is recovered by the means described below, redissolved in an organic solvent, and the liquid crystal alignment according to the present invention. It is preferable to use an agent.
- the obtained imidized polymer is recovered by the means described below, and redissolved in an organic solvent. It is preferable to use the liquid crystal aligning agent of the invention.
- the polyimide solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by pouring into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is performed several times, washed with a poor solvent, and then dried at room temperature or by heating to obtain a purified polyimide powder.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains a specific polymer, you may contain 2 or more types of specific polymers of a different structure. In addition to the specific polymer, other polymers may be contained. Other polymer types include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or derivatives thereof, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, poly (meta ) Acrylate and the like. Moreover, the polyimide etc. which are chosen from the polyimide precursor represented by the said Formula (5) and / or the polyimide which imidated this polyimide precursor may be contained.
- the ratio of the specific polymer to the total polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 5 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is used for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, and generally takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. Also in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention, it is preferable that it is a coating liquid containing an above-described polymer component and the organic solvent in which this polymer component is dissolved. At that time, the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, the content is preferably 1% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, it is preferably 10% by mass or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples are N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl.
- -Imidazolidinone methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and the like.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent uses a mixed solvent that is used in combination with a solvent that improves the coating properties and the surface smoothness of the coating film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied in addition to the above-described solvents.
- a mixed solvent is also preferably used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention. Specific examples of the organic solvent to be used in combination are listed below, but are not limited to these examples.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 1,2- Etanji 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propaned
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is preferred.
- the kind and content of such a solvent are appropriately selected according to the application device, application conditions, application environment, and the like of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, a crosslinking agent for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment.
- additional components include dielectrics and conductive materials for adjusting the dielectric constant and electric resistance of the film. Specific examples of these additional components are as disclosed in various known literatures relating to liquid crystal alignment agents. For example, International Publication No. 2015/060357, pages 53 [0105] to 55 [ [0116] and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of the present invention is obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention. If an example of the method of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film from a liquid crystal aligning agent is given, a liquid crystal aligning agent in the form of a coating solution is applied to a substrate, dried and baked on a film obtained by rubbing or photo-aligning. And a method of performing an alignment treatment.
- the substrate on which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can also be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is used from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
- an opaque object such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode in this case.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet method, and the like are common. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, and a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the solvent is evaporated and baked by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like.
- Arbitrary temperature and time can be selected for the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, so that it is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is suitable as a liquid crystal alignment film of a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element such as an IPS mode or an FFS mode, and is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of an FFS mode liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a device in which a liquid crystal cell is prepared by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal cell is used as an element.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example.
- an active matrix structure liquid crystal display element in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion constituting the image display may be used.
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be ITO electrodes, for example, and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is formed on each substrate under the above conditions.
- an ultraviolet curable sealing material is disposed at a predetermined position on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and liquid crystals are disposed at predetermined positions on the liquid crystal alignment film surface.
- the other substrate is bonded and pressure-bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces, and the liquid crystal is spread on the front surface of the liquid crystal alignment film, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the sealing material. Get a cell.
- an opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside is provided when a sealing material is disposed at a predetermined location on one substrate.
- a liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal cell through an opening provided in the sealing material, and then the opening is sealed with an adhesive to obtain a liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal material may be injected by a vacuum injection method or a method utilizing capillary action in the atmosphere.
- liquid crystal material examples include nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal. Among them, nematic liquid crystal is preferable, and either a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material may be used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, it is preferable to attach a pair of polarizing plates to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are not limited to the above description as long as the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is used, and may be manufactured by other known methods. good.
- the process from obtaining the liquid crystal aligning agent to the liquid crystal display element is disclosed in, for example, paragraph 17 of page 17 to paragraph 0081 of page 19 of JP-A-2015-135393.
- ⁇ Viscosity> The viscosity of the polymer solution was measured using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with a sample amount of 1.1 mL and cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24) at a temperature of 25 ° C. did.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. 30 mg of polyimide powder is put into an NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5, manufactured by Kusano Kagaku) and mixed with deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05 mass% TMS (tetramethylsilane)). 0.53 ml of the product was added and completely dissolved by applying ultrasonic waves, and this solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500, manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidation is determined as a reference proton, and a peak integrated value of this proton and a proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm are determined.
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
- ⁇ is NH of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). This is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one group proton.
- the filtered product is washed with a slurry of pure water (175 g) and ethyl acetate (350 g) in a slurry, filtered and then washed with methanol (350 g), filtered, and dried to obtain a crude product. It was. Dimethylformamide (235 g) was added to the crude product, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C., then methanol (336 g) was added, cooled, filtered, and the residue was dried. Dimethylformamide (230 g) was added again, the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C., methanol (336 g) was added to the filtrate which was filtered while hot, cooled and filtered.
- Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 For the solutions obtained by mixing the polymer solutions obtained in Synthesis Examples 2 to 5 so as to have the ratio of polymer 1 and polymer 2 shown in Table 1 below, NMP, GBL, BCS, AD ⁇ GBL solution containing 1% by weight, NMP solution containing 10% by weight of AD-2, and AD-3 were added with stirring so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, and further stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Thus, liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were obtained.
- a liquid crystal cell for fringe field switching (FFS) mode has a FOP (Finger on Plate) electrode layer formed of a surface-shaped common electrode, an insulating layer, and a comb-shaped pixel electrode on the surface.
- FOP Finger on Plate
- One glass substrate and a second glass substrate having a columnar spacer having a height of 4 ⁇ m on the front surface and an ITO film for preventing charging on the back surface were made into one set.
- the pixel electrode has a comb-like shape in which a plurality of electrode elements having a width of 3 ⁇ m and having a central portion bent at an inner angle of 160 ° are arranged in parallel with an interval of 6 ⁇ m. A first region and a second region are provided with a line connecting the bent portions of the plurality of electrode elements as a boundary.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the first glass substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment so that the direction in which the inner angle of the pixel bent portion is equally divided and the liquid crystal alignment direction are orthogonal to each other, and the liquid crystal alignment formed on the second glass substrate.
- the film is aligned so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the first substrate coincides with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the second substrate when the liquid crystal cell is manufactured.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent filtered through a filter having a pore diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m was applied to the surface of each of the pair of glass substrates by spin coating, and dried on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 2 minutes. Thereafter, a predetermined amount of linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm with an extinction ratio of 26: 1 is irradiated onto the coating surface through a polarizing plate, followed by baking for 30 minutes in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C., and a liquid crystal having a film thickness of 100 nm A substrate with an alignment film was obtained.
- a sealant was printed on one of the pair of glass substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film, the other substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces each other, and the sealant was cured to produce an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS drive liquid crystal cell.
- the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and allowed to stand overnight, and the afterimage characteristics were evaluated. This liquid crystal cell had no defects in the alignment of the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal alignment state was good.
- the liquid crystal cell is placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, and the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are short-circuited to have the same potential.
- the angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted so that the brightness of the LED backlight transmitted light measured on the two polarizing plates was minimized.
- a VT curve voltage-transmittance curve
- the liquid crystal cell was heated to 60 ° C., and a 20 mV rectangular wave was applied at a frequency of 1 kHz for 30 minutes. Thereafter, alternating current driving with a relative transmittance of 100% was applied for 30 minutes, and while measuring the minimum offset voltage value every 3 minutes, the amount of change from the start of measurement to 30 minutes later was calculated as the initial DC accumulation amount.
- liquid crystal display elements using the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention have a small change in DC accumulation amount due to backlight irradiation and good backlight aging resistance.
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Abstract
Description
近年、高コントラストの要求に伴うHDR(High Dynamic Range)の導入によって従来よりも高輝度のバックライトが適用されるようになってきた。
本発明は、かかる知見に基づくものであり、下記を要旨とするものである。
下記式(1)の構造を有するジアミンから得られる重合体と、有機溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
式(1)におけるベンゼン環と窒素原子との結合は、立体障害の点から、式(1-1)のように結合していることが好ましい。
溶媒の使用量(反応濃度)は特に限定されないが、ジニトロ化合物に対し、通常、0.1~10質量倍であり、好ましくは0.5~30質量倍であり、さらに好ましくは1~10質量倍である。反応温度は特に限定されないが、通常、-100℃から使用する溶媒の沸点までの範囲であり、好ましくは、-50~150℃である。反応時間は、通常、0.05~350時間であり、好ましくは0.5~100時間である。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体は、上記特定ジアミンを用いて得られる重合体である。具体例としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリアミドなどが挙げられるが、液晶配向剤としての使用の観点から、下記式(4)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体、及び/又はそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(以下、特定重合体ともいう。)がより好ましい。
X1の具体例を示すならば、国際公開公報2015/119168の13頁~14頁に掲載される、式(X-1)~(X-46)の構造などが挙げられる。
本発明に用いるポリイミド前駆体の分子量は、重量平均分子量(Mw)で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、10,000~100,000である。
特定重合体のうちのポリイミドは、式(4)、式(5)で表されるポリイミド前駆体を閉環させて得られる。この場合のイミド化率は必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整できる。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、既知の方法が使用できる。ポリイミド前駆体の溶液に、塩基性触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の課程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
イミド化反応を行うときの温度は、-20~140℃、好ましくは0~100℃であり、好ましくは反応時間は1~100時間で行うことができる。塩基性触媒の量は、アミック酸エステル基の0.5~30モル倍、好ましくは2~20モル倍である。得られる重合体のイミド化率は、触媒量、温度、反応時間等を調節することで制御することができる。イミド化反応後の溶液には、添加した触媒等が残存しているので、以下に述べる手段により、得られたイミド化重合体を回収し、有機溶媒で再溶解して、本発明の液晶配向剤とすることが好ましい。
上記のようにして得られるポリイミドの溶液は、よく撹拌させながら貧溶媒に注入することで、重合体を析出させることができる。析出を数回行い、貧溶媒で洗浄後、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して、精製されたポリイミドの粉末を得ることができる。
貧溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン等が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体を含有するが、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレンまたはその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートなどを挙げることができる。また、上記式(5)で表されるポリイミド前駆体及び/又は該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドから選ばれるポリイミドなどを含有していてもよい。
液晶配向剤は、液晶配向膜を作製するために用いられるものであり、均一な薄膜を形成させるという観点から、一般的には塗布液の形態をとる。本発明の液晶配向剤においても前記した重合体成分と、この重合体成分を溶解させる有機溶媒とを含有する塗布液であることが好ましい。その際、液晶配向剤中の重合体の濃度は、形成させようとする塗膜の厚みの設定によって適宜変更することができる。均一で欠陥のない塗膜を形成させるという点からは、1質量%以上であることが好ましく、溶液の保存安定性の点からは、10質量%以下とすることが好ましい。特に好ましい重合体の濃度は、2~8質量%である。
例えば、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール、イソブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、1-ペンタノール、2-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、2-メチル-1-ブタノール、イソペンチルアルコール、tert-ペンチルアルコール、3-メチル-2-ブタノール、ネオペンチルアルコール、1-ヘキサノール、2-メチル-1-ペンタノール、2-メチル-2-ペンタノール、2-エチル-1-ブタノール、1-ヘプタノール、2-ヘプタノール、3-ヘプタノール、1-オクタノール、2-オクタノール、2-エチル-1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1-メチルシクロヘキサノール、2-メチルシクロヘキサノール、3-メチルシクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、ジオキサン、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,2-ブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、2-ペンタノン、3-ペンタノン、2-ヘキサノン、2-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、3-エトキシブチルアセタート、1-メチルペンチルアセタート、2-エチルブチルアセタート、2-エチルヘキシルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、2-(メトキシメトキシ)エタノール、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソアミルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、2-(ヘキシルオキシ)エタノール、フルフリルアルコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、1-(ブトキシエトキシ)プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、ジプロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチルエチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステル、下記式[D-1]~[D-3]で表される溶媒などを挙げることができる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記本発明の液晶配向剤から得られる。液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、塗布液形態の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥し、焼成して得られた膜に対してラビング処理法又は光配向処理法で配向処理を施す方法が挙げられる。
液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。その際、液晶を駆動させるためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いると、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハーなどの不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウムなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン、IR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させ、焼成する。液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができる。通常は、含有される溶媒を十分に除去するために、50~120℃で1~10分焼成し、その後、150~300℃で、5~120分焼成する条件が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、IPS方式やFFS方式などの横電界方式の液晶表示素子の液晶配向膜として好適であり、特に、FFS方式の液晶表示素子の液晶配向膜として有用である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、既知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、該液晶セルを使用して素子としたものである。
液晶セルの作製方法の一例として、パッシブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子を例にとり説明する。なお、画像表示を構成する各画素部分にTFT(Thin Film Transistor)などのスイッチング素子が設けられたアクティブマトリクス構え造の液晶表示素子であってもよい。
または、基板の上に液晶配向膜を形成した後の工程として、一方の基板上の所定の場所にシール材を配置する際に、外部から液晶を充填可能な開口部を設けておき、液晶を配置しないで基板を貼り合わせた後、シール材に設けた開口部を通じて液晶セル内に液晶材料を注入し、次いで、この開口部を接着剤で封止して液晶セルを得る。液晶材料の注入には、真空注入法でもよいし、大気中で毛細管現象を利用した方法でもよい。
上記の液晶材料としては、ネマチック液晶、及びスメクチック液晶などを挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましく、ポジ型液晶材料やネガ型液晶材料のいずれを用いてもよい。次に、偏光板の設置を行う。具体的には、2枚の基板の液晶層とは反対側の面に一対の偏光板を貼り付けることが好ましい。
なお、化合物、溶媒の略号は、以下のとおりである。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン、
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、 DA-1~DA-9:下記構造式の化合物、
CA-1、CA-2:下記構造式の化合物、
AD-1:3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
AD-2、AD-3:下記構造式の化合物
重合体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)で、温度25℃で測定した。
ポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末30mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5、草野科学社製)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品を0.53ml添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500、日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値であり、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値であり、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
テトラヒドロフラン(500g)及びジメチルホルムアミド(125g)中、DA-1(50.0g、234mmol)を仕込み、氷冷下で無水トリフルオロ酢酸(103g)を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、室温にて30分撹拌した。テトラヒドロフランの大半を減圧留去した後、酢酸エチル(300mL)を加え、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(250mL)で3回分液洗浄し、飽和食塩水(250mL)で洗浄後、硫酸ナトリウムで脱水し、濾液を濃縮することで化合物[1]を得た(収量:76.5g、収率:81%、青白色結晶)。
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):11.16(s, 2H), 7.57(d, 4H, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.04(d, 4H, J = 9.2 Hz), 3.26(s, 3H).
アセトニトリル(300g)中、化合物[1](76.5g、189mmol)、炭酸カリウム(78.4g)、及びヨウ化メチル(80.5g)を加え、室温で68時間撹拌した。結晶を濾過により濾別し、濾物を乾燥させることで、化合物[2]を得た(収量:83.3g、粗収率:102%、青白色結晶)。化合物[2]を粗体のまま次工程を実施した。
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):7.35(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.09(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 3.32(s, 3H), 3.27(s, 6H).
メタノール(416g)及び純水(208g)中、化合物[2](83.3g)、炭酸カリウム(52.2g)を加え、70℃で2時間撹拌した。メタノールを7割程減圧留去したのち、純水(300g)、及び酢酸エチル(400g)を加え、有機層を分液抽出した。純水(200g)で分液洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで脱水後、濾液を濃縮することで粗体を得た。粗体に対し、イソプロピルアルコール(168g)を加え、75℃で全溶解させた後、冷却し、濾過し、濾物を乾燥させることで、化合物[3]を得た(収量:27.0g、収率:59%(化合物[1]を基準として)、灰色結晶)。
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):6.69(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.45(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 5.22-5.19(m, 2H), 3.02(s, 3H), 2.62(d, 6H, J = 5.2Hz).
NMP(350g)中、化合物[3](35.0g)、4-ブロモニトロベンゼン(61.5g)、リン酸カリウム(92.3g)、酢酸パラジウム(0.65g)、及びビス[2-(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェニル]エーテル(1.56g)を加え、100℃で2時間撹拌した。反応液を冷却した後、純水(1400g)中に流し入れ、室温で撹拌後、濾過した。濾物を純水(175g)と酢酸エチル(350g)の混合溶媒でスラリー洗浄し、濾別した後、メタノール(350g)でスラリー洗浄し、濾過し、濾物を乾燥させることで粗体を得た。この粗体に対し、ジメチルホルムアミド(235g)を加え、100℃で撹拌した後、メタノール(336g)を加え、冷却、濾過、濾物を乾燥させた。再度ジメチルホルムアミド(230g)を加えて100℃で撹拌し、熱時濾過した濾液にメタノール(336g)を加え、冷却、濾過した。濾物をメタノール(200g)でスラリー洗浄し、乾燥させることで化合物[4]を得た(収量:56.7g、収率:81%、黄土色結晶)。
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):8.06(d, 4H, J = 9.6 Hz), 7.25(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.17(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.76(d, 4H, J = 9.6 Hz), 3.37(s, 6H), 3.34(s, 3H).
ジメチルホルムアミド(360g)中、化合物[4](36.0g、74.5mmol)と5%パラジウムカーボン(3.6g)を仕込み、オートクレーブ中、0.4MPa水素雰囲気下、40℃で12時間撹拌した。80℃で触媒を熱時濾過した後、減圧濃縮により内部総重量を189gとした。100℃で全溶解させた後、メタノール(220g)を加えて結晶を析出させ、室温条件下で撹拌後、ろ過、乾燥することで化合物[DA-2]を得た(収量:23.5g、収率:74%、薄茶色結晶)。
1H-NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6, δppm):6.77(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.74(d, 4H, J = 9.2 Hz), 6.62(d, 4H, J = 9.2 Hz), 6.54(d, 4H, J = 8.8 Hz), 4.88(br, 4H), 3.08(s, 3H), 3.07(s, 6H).
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mLのナスフラスコに、DA-2を2.03g(4.8mmol)、DA-3を0.96g(4.8mmol)、及びDA-4を0.72g(2.4mmol)量り取り、NMPを35.0g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を3.22g(10.9mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを15.0g加え、窒素雰囲気下70℃で11時間撹拌してポリマー溶液A-1(粘度:390mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの50mLのナスフラスコに、DA-1を1.02g(4.8mmol)、DA-3を0.96g(4.8mmol)、及びDA-4を0.72g(2.4mmol)量り取り、NMPを30.5g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を3.39g(11.5mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを13.1g加え、窒素雰囲気下70℃で5時間撹拌してポリマー溶液B-1(粘度:420mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mLのナスフラスコに、DA-3を1.67g(8.4mmol)、DA-4を1.25g(4.2mmol)、及びDA-5を3.54g(5.24mmol)量り取り、NMPを63.3g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を5.98g(20.3mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを27.1g加え、窒素雰囲気下70℃で10時間撹拌してポリマー溶液B-2(粘度:500mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの3L四つ口フラスコに、DA-6を17.3g(159mmol)、DA-7を58.6g(240mmol)、DA-8を76.8g(240mmol)及びジアミンDA-9を54.6g(160mmol)量り取り、NMPを2458g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら、CA-2を171g(764mmol)添加し、更に、固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを加え、40℃で20時間撹拌して、ポリアミック酸の溶液(粘度:426mPa・s)を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液を2250g分取し、NMPを750g加えた後、無水酢酸を171g、及びピリジンを35.4g加え、55℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール9620gに注ぎ、生成した沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミドの粉末を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は66%であった。得られたポリイミド粉末120gにNMPを440g、GBLを440g加えて70℃にて20hr攪拌して溶解させポリマー溶液C-1を得た。
合成例2~5で得られたポリマー溶液を、下記の表1に示される、ポリマー1及びポリマー2の比率になるように混合して得られる溶液に対して、NMP、GBL、BCS、AD-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液、AD-2を10重量%含むNMP溶液、及びAD-3を、下記の表1に示す組成になるように、攪拌しながら加え、更に室温で2時間撹拌することにより実施例1、2及び比較例1、2の液晶配向剤を得た。
[FFS駆動液晶セルの構成]
フリンジフィールドスィッチング(Fringe Field Switching:FFS)モード用の液晶セルは、面形状の共通電極-絶縁層-櫛歯形状の画素電極からなるFOP(Finger on Plate)電極層が表面に形成されている第1のガラス基板と、表面に高さ4μmの柱状スペーサーを有し裏面に帯電防止の為のITO膜が形成されている第2のガラス基板とを、一組とした。上記の画素電極は、中央部分が内角160°で屈曲した幅3μmの電極要素が6μmの間隔を開けて平行になるように複数配列された櫛歯形状を有しており、1つの画素は、複数の電極要素の屈曲部を結ぶ線を境に第1領域と第2領域を有している。
なお、第1のガラス基板に形成する液晶配向膜は、画素屈曲部の内角を等分する方向と液晶の配向方向とが直交するように配向処理し、第2のガラス基板に形成する液晶配向膜は、液晶セルを作製した時に第1の基板上の液晶の配向方向と第2の基板上の液晶の配向方向とが一致するように配向処理する。
上記一組のガラス基板それぞれの表面に、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した液晶配向剤をスピンコート塗布にて塗布し80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた。その後、塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を所定量照射し、次いで230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
次に、上記一組の液晶配向膜付きガラス基板の一方にシール剤を印刷し、もう一方の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合うように貼り合わせ、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、FFS駆動液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱し、一晩放置してから残像特性の評価を実施した。
この液晶セルは液晶の配向に欠陥がなく、液晶配向状態は良好であった。
上記液晶セルを偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、画素電極と対向電極とを短絡して同電位にした状態で、2枚の偏光板の下からLEDバックライトを照射しておき、2枚の偏光板の上で測定するLEDバックライト透過光の輝度が最小となるように、液晶セルの角度を調節した。
次にこの液晶セルに周波数30Hzの交流電圧を印加しながらV-Tカーブ(電圧-透過率曲線)を測定し、相対透過率が23%または100%となる交流電圧を駆動電圧として算出した。液晶セルを60℃に昇温し、周波数1kHzで20mVの矩形波を30分間印加した。
その後相対透過率が100%となる交流駆動を30分間印加し、その間3分毎に最小オフセット電圧値を測定しながら、測定開始から30分後までの変化量を初期DC蓄積量として算出した。
上記実施例1、2及び比較例1、2の各液晶配向剤を使用する液晶表示素子について、上記の通り実施したDC蓄積量の評価結果を下記表2に示す。
Claims (15)
- 前記重合体が、前記式(1)で表される構造を有するジアミンとテトラカルボン酸二無水物との重縮合物であるポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミンが、下記式(2-1)、式(2-2)、又は式(2-3)で表される、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
(R1の定義は、上記式(1)と同じであり、R2は、単結合又は下記式(3)で表される構造を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。ベンゼン環の任意の水素原子は一価の有機基で置換されていてもよい。)
- 前記式(4)で表される構造単位を有する重合体が、液晶配向剤に含有される全重合体に対して10モル%以上含有される、請求項4又は5に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記有機溶媒が、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン及びジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 液晶表示素子が横電界駆動方式である請求項9に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 上記ジアミンが、下記式(2-1)、式(2-2)、又は式(2-3)で表される、請求項11に記載の重合体。
(R1の定義は、上記式(1)と同じであり、R2は、単結合又は下記式(3)で表される構造を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。ベンゼン環の任意の水素原子は一価の有機基で置換されていてもよい。)
- 下記式(2-1)、式(2-2)、又は式(2-3)で表されるジアミン。
(R3は、単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-(CH2)l-、-O(CH2)mO-、-CONR-、及び-NRCO-から選ばれる2価の有機基を表し(k、l、mは1から5の整数を表す)、Rは水素又は一価の有機基を表し、*1は式(2-1)~式(2-3)中のベンゼン環と結合する部位を表し、*2は式(2-1)~式(2-3)中のアミノ基と結合する部位を表す。)
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