WO2019026849A1 - 合わせガラス、合わせガラスの製造方法 - Google Patents
合わせガラス、合わせガラスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019026849A1 WO2019026849A1 PCT/JP2018/028475 JP2018028475W WO2019026849A1 WO 2019026849 A1 WO2019026849 A1 WO 2019026849A1 JP 2018028475 W JP2018028475 W JP 2018028475W WO 2019026849 A1 WO2019026849 A1 WO 2019026849A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- laminated glass
- spacer
- glass plate
- crystal film
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133388—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods with constructional differences between the display region and the peripheral region
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/55—Liquid crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to laminated glass and a method of producing laminated glass.
- Patent Document 1 a light control member that can be used for an electronic blind or the like that is attached to a window to control transmission of extraneous light has been proposed (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).
- One of such light control members is one using liquid crystal.
- a liquid crystal film as a light control member utilizing liquid crystal is produced by sandwiching a liquid crystal material by a transparent plate material including a transparent electrode to manufacture a liquid crystal cell, and sandwiching the liquid crystal cell by a linear polarizer.
- the liquid crystal film changes the orientation of the liquid crystal by changing the electric field applied between the transparent electrodes, and controls the amount of transmitted extraneous light.
- the liquid crystal film is configured by sealing the liquid crystal layer with a sealing material, but depending on the usage environment, the sealing material may be deteriorated due to the solar light being irradiated. The When the sealing material is deteriorated, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer may leak, and a countermeasure has been desired.
- the first invention relates to a first glass plate (33A), a first intermediate film (31A), a liquid crystal film (10), a second intermediate film (31B), and a second glass plate (33B). And the like are stacked in this order, and the liquid crystal film (10) seals the liquid crystal layer (14) and the liquid crystal layer (14) so as to surround the periphery of the liquid crystal layer (14). And the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) have a larger outer shape than the liquid crystal film (10). And at least a part of a region between the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) and in which the liquid crystal film (10) is not disposed. (32) is disposed, and the planar view Le material outside (25), which is the spacer laminated glass is surrounded by (32) (1).
- the spacer (32) is disposed around the entire periphery of the liquid crystal film (10). It is a glass (1).
- the height of the spacer (32) is equal to or larger than the height of the liquid crystal film (10). It is a glass (1).
- a fourth invention is the laminated glass (1) according to the first invention, wherein the spacer (32) is disposed adjacent to the liquid crystal film (10) (laminated glass ( 1).
- a fifth invention is characterized in that in the laminated glass (1) according to the first invention, the spacer (32) is disposed at a distance from the liquid crystal film (10). Is a laminated glass (1).
- a sixth invention is the laminated glass (1) according to the fifth invention, wherein the first intermediate film (31A) and the first intermediate film (31A) are disposed between the spacer (32) and the liquid crystal film (10).
- the laminated glass (1) is characterized in that at least one of the two interlayer films (31B) is partially embedded.
- the seventh invention is a manufacturing method of laminated glass (1) using a laminate (30) in which a liquid crystal film (10) is sandwiched between a first glass plate (33A) and a second glass plate (33B).
- the liquid crystal film (10) seals a liquid crystal layer (14) and the liquid crystal layer (14), and a sealing material (25) disposed to surround the liquid crystal layer (14).
- the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) are formed to have a larger external shape than the liquid crystal film (10), and the first glass plate
- the sealing material (25) in plan view in at least a part of a region sandwiched by (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) and in which the liquid crystal film (10) is not disposed Arrange the spacer (32) to surround the outside of the And a pressing step of pressing at least one of the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) in a state where the spacer (32) is placed. And a method of producing a laminated glass (1).
- An eighth invention is characterized in that, in the method of producing the laminated glass (1) according to the seventh invention, the height of the spacer (32) is equal to or larger than the height of the liquid crystal film (10). It is a manufacturing method of laminated glass (1) made into.
- the ninth invention relates to a first glass plate (33A), a first intermediate film (31A), a liquid crystal film (10), a second intermediate film (31B), and a second glass plate (33B). And the like are laminated in this order, and the liquid crystal film (10) has a seal material (25) for sealing liquid crystal around the periphery, and from the outside reaching the seal material (25) Is a laminated glass (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) provided with a light shielding part (70A, 70B, 70C, 70D) for shielding the light of the present invention along the outer periphery of the laminated glass (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D).
- the light shielding portion (70A) is more inward than the sealing material (25) from the end face of the laminated glass (1A)
- the eleventh invention is the laminated glass (1B) according to the ninth invention, wherein the light shielding portion (70A, 70B) is located inward from the end face of the laminated glass (1B) with respect to the sealing material (25). And a position between the liquid crystal film (10) and the first glass plate (33A), and the liquid crystal film (10) and the second glass plate (33B) It is a laminated glass (1B) characterized by being disposed at both of positions in between.
- the twelfth invention is the laminated glass (1C) according to the ninth invention, wherein the light shielding part (70C) covers an end face of the laminated glass (1C) and the sealing material (25) from the end face
- the laminated glass (1C) is characterized in that the laminated glass (1C) is interposed between the laminated glass (1C) and the inner position.
- the thirteenth invention is the laminated glass (1D) according to the ninth invention, wherein the light shielding portion (70A, 70B, 70D) covers the end face of the laminated glass (1D) and the seal from the end face A position where the laminated glass (1D) is interposed to a position outside the material (25) and which is between the liquid crystal film (10) and the first glass plate (33A), and It is a laminated glass (1D) characterized in that it is disposed at both positions between the liquid crystal film (10) and the second glass plate (33B).
- the fourteenth invention is the laminated glass (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) according to the ninth invention, wherein the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B) are the liquid crystal film (10)
- the outer shape is larger than that of (10), which is a region sandwiched between the first glass plate (33A) and the second glass plate (33B), and the liquid crystal film (10)
- the spacer is a laminated glass (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) characterized in that a spacer (32) is arranged in at least a part of a region where is not arranged.
- the manufacturing method of laminated glass which can reduce generation
- FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the laminated body 30 of this embodiment. It is a sectional view showing liquid crystal film 10 of an embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining the manufacturing method of the laminated glass 1.
- FIG. It is the flowchart which showed in more detail the laminated body arrangement
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the laminated body support structure 50 comprised in the manufacture process of the laminated glass 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the outline of prelamination processing by a vacuum laminator. It is the figure which showed typically the state of the silicone rubber sheet 64 in a pressurization process. It is the figure which put together the experimental result which investigated the influence which the relationship of the height of the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 gives to the pre-lamination result.
- FIG. 1-5 It is a figure which shows arrangement
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a laminate 30 of the present embodiment.
- each figure shown below including FIG. 1 is a figure shown typically, and the magnitude
- a specific numerical value, a shape, a material, etc. are shown and demonstrated, these can be changed suitably.
- the sheet surface refers to a surface in the plane direction of the sheet when viewed as the entire sheet in each sheet.
- transparent refers to one that transmits light of at least the wavelength to be used. For example, even if it does not transmit visible light, if it transmits infrared light, it shall be treated as transparent when used for infrared applications.
- the specific numerical values specified in the present specification and the claims should be treated as including general error ranges. That is, the difference of about ⁇ 10% is substantially the same, and those whose numerical value is set in a range slightly beyond the numerical range of the present case are substantially the present invention. It should be interpreted as within the scope.
- the laminated body 30 refers to a state before each member of the laminated glass 1 is bonded, so the configuration itself is equivalent to that of the laminated glass 1. Therefore, the exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 is also an exploded perspective view of the laminated glass 1.
- the laminate 30 of the present embodiment includes a first glass plate 33A, a first intermediate film forming sheet 31A, a liquid crystal film 10, a second intermediate film forming sheet 31B, and a second glass plate 33B. Are stacked in this order. Further, at a position on the same plane as the liquid crystal film 10, the spacer 32 and the inclination reducing member 34 are disposed.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the liquid crystal film 10 of the embodiment.
- the liquid crystal film 10 is configured as a laminated glass and used at a site where light control is to be performed.
- the light control site may be, for example, a site where the outside light of the vehicle is incident (rear window, side window, sunroof, etc.), window glass of a building, showcase, indoor transparent partition, etc.
- the liquid crystal film 10 is a light control member that controls transmitted light using liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal layer 14 is sandwiched between the film-like second liquid crystal laminate 13 and the liquid crystal first laminate 12 to form a liquid crystal cell 15. And the liquid crystal cell 15 is sandwiched between the linear polarizers 16 and 17 to make it.
- a VA Vertical Alignment
- TN Transmission Nematic
- IPS In-Plane-Switching
- the VA mode is a mode in which the transmitted light is controlled by changing the alignment of the liquid crystal between the vertical alignment and the horizontal alignment, and the liquid crystal layer 14 is held between the vertical alignment layers by vertically aligning the liquid crystal under no electric field. Then, the liquid crystal cell 15 is configured, and is configured to horizontally align the liquid crystal material by application of an electric field.
- a spacer 24 in the liquid crystal is provided in the first laminate 12 for liquid crystal and / or the second laminate 13 for liquid crystal in order to keep the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 14 constant.
- the first laminate for liquid crystal 12 and the second laminate for liquid crystal 13 are formed by sequentially forming the first electrode 22A, the second electrode 22B, and the alignment layers 23A and 23B on the substrates 21A and 21B, respectively.
- the liquid crystal film 10 may be configured to include a guest-host type liquid crystal cell. In this case, the linear polarizing plate can be omitted. In the guest-host system, the linear polarizer may be disposed in one or both of the liquid crystal cells, if necessary.
- the liquid crystal film 10 is configured to control the transmission of extraneous light by changing the potential difference between the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B, and switch the state between the transparent state and the non-transparent state.
- the liquid crystal layer 14 is driven using a so-called normally black configuration.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be driven with a normally white configuration.
- the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B are collectively configured on either the alignment layer 23A side or the alignment layer 23B side, and the first laminate for liquid crystal to correspond thereto. 12 and the second liquid crystal stack 13 are formed.
- normally black is a structure in which the transmittance is minimized when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, and a black screen is obtained.
- Normally white is a structure in which the transmissivity is maximized and the liquid crystal is transparent when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal.
- base materials 21A and 21B various transparent film materials such as flexible flexible TAC, polycarbonate, COP, acrylic, PET, etc. applicable to the liquid crystal cell 15 can be applied, and in this embodiment, both surfaces are hard The film material of the polycarbonate in which the coating layer was formed is applied.
- the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B can apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 14 and can apply various configurations that are perceived as transparent.
- the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B are formed by manufacturing a transparent conductive film of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), which is a transparent electrode material, on the entire surface of the substrates 21A and 21B.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the electrode has a configuration in which it is patterned into a desired shape.
- the alignment layer 23A and the alignment layer 23B are formed of a photoalignment layer.
- the photoalignment material applicable to the photoalignment layer various kinds of materials to which the method of photoalignment can be applied can be widely applied. In the present embodiment, for example, a light dimerization type material is used. With respect to the photodimerization type material, “M. Schadt, K. Schmitt, V. Kozinkov and V. Chigrinov: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 31, 2155 (1992)”, “M. Schadt, H. Seiberle and A. Schuster: Nature, 381, 212 (1996) "and the like.
- the alignment layer 23A and the alignment layer 23B may be manufactured by rubbing in place of the photo alignment layer.
- the orientation layers 23A and 23B after producing various material layers applicable to the orientation layer such as polyimide, the orientation layers 23A and 23B produce a fine line-like uneven shape on the surface of this material layer by rubbing treatment using a rubbing roll. It is formed.
- the alignment layer 23A and the alignment layer 23B are manufactured by forming a fine line-like uneven shape manufactured by rubbing in place of the alignment layer and the photoalignment layer by such rubbing and manufacturing an alignment layer. You may
- the liquid crystal inner spacer 24 is provided to define the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 14, and various resin materials can be widely applied, but in the present embodiment, it is manufactured by a photoresist.
- the liquid crystal inner spacer 24 is formed by coating a photoresist on the substrate 21B on which the second electrode 22B is formed, and exposing and developing the photoresist.
- the liquid crystal inner spacer 24 may be provided in the first stack 12 for liquid crystal, or may be provided in both the first stack 12 for liquid crystal and the second stack 13 for liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal inner spacer 24 may be provided on the alignment layer 23B. Also, as the spacer, a so-called bead spacer may be applied.
- the bead spacer may use not only a spherical shape, but also a rod shape (cylindrical shape) or an oval sphere shape or the like.
- the bead spacer is disposed by being scattered on the alignment layer after forming the alignment layer.
- an adhesive layer formed of an adhesive or the like may be provided on the surface of the bead spacer.
- the bead spacer is dispersed in advance in the resin forming the alignment layer so that the bead spacer is disposed along with the formation of the alignment layer, or the liquid crystal layer is configured. It is also possible to disperse the bead spacer in the liquid crystal material beforehand to arrange the bead spacer together with the formation of the liquid crystal layer.
- the bead spacer may be disposed on either one of the first laminate and the second laminate as in the case of the above-mentioned photoresist spacer, and may be disposed on each of the laminates. It may be done.
- the liquid crystal layer 14 can be widely applied to various liquid crystal materials applicable to this type of light control member. Specifically, a nematic liquid crystal compound, a smectic liquid crystal compound, and a cholesteric liquid crystal compound can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 14 as a liquid crystal compound having no polymerizable functional group.
- nematic liquid crystal compounds include biphenyl compounds, terphenyl compounds, phenylcyclohexyl compounds, biphenylcyclohexyl compounds, phenylbicyclohexyl compounds, trifluoro compounds, phenyl benzoate compounds, cyclohexyl benzoate phenyl compounds , Phenylbenzoic acid phenyl compounds, bicyclohexylcarboxylic acid phenyl compounds, azomethine compounds, azo compounds, azooxy compounds, stilbene compounds, tolane compounds, ester compounds, bicyclohexyl compounds, phenylpyrimidine compounds And biphenyl pyrimidine compounds, pyrimidine compounds, and biphenyl ethyne compounds.
- smectic liquid crystal compounds include ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal compounds such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polychloroacrylates, polyoxiranes, polysiloxanes, and polyesters.
- ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal compounds such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polychloroacrylates, polyoxiranes, polysiloxanes, and polyesters.
- cholesteric liquid crystal compound cholesteryl linoleate, cholesteryl oleate, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, polypeptide etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- liquid crystal materials such as MLC2166 made from Merck, for example, are applicable.
- a liquid crystal material and a dye to be used for light control are mixed in the liquid crystal layer 14, a mixture of a liquid-crystal material and a dye proposed for the guest-host system may be widely applied. it can.
- a sealing material 25 is disposed so as to surround the liquid crystal layer 14, and leakage of liquid crystal is prevented by the sealing material 25.
- the sealing material 25 for example, an epoxy resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like can be applied.
- a flexible printed wiring board 18 is disposed to electrically connect the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B to the outside.
- the flexible printed wiring board 18 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B in a region where the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B do not sandwich the liquid crystal layer 14 Can be connected by
- the flexible printed wiring board 18 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 2.
- the flexible printed wiring board 18 may not be sandwiched between the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B, or the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B. It is good also as a form connected only to one side.
- the first glass plate 33 ⁇ / b> A and the second glass plate 33 ⁇ / b> B are plate glasses disposed on the front and back surfaces of the laminated glass 1, respectively.
- each of the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B uses a plate glass having a thickness of 2 mm.
- the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B will be described as flat glass, but they may be curved glass or glass plates formed of 3D curved surfaces. Further, the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B are configured to have a larger outer shape than the liquid crystal film 10.
- a sheet having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m made of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin is used as the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A and the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B.
- the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A joins the first glass plate 33A and the liquid crystal film 10
- the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B combines the second glass plate 33B and the liquid crystal film 10 with each other.
- the first interlayer film-forming sheet 31A and the second interlayer film-forming sheet 31B constitute a first interlayer film and a second interlayer film, respectively.
- the first intermediate film-forming sheet 31A and the second intermediate film-forming sheet 31B can be viewed as the first intermediate film 31A and the second intermediate film 31B, respectively, in a state where the laminated glass 1 is completed.
- materials of the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A and the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), COP (cycloolefin polymer), etc. You may use.
- the spacer 32 is a region sandwiched by the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B, and is disposed in at least a part of a region in which the liquid crystal film 10 is not disposed. Therefore, the spacer 32 is arrange
- the spacer 32 is made of the same material as the first intermediate film forming sheet 31A and the second intermediate film forming sheet 31B, the first intermediate film forming sheet 31A and the second intermediate film forming sheet 31B are formed. Bonding strength with can be increased. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- the spacer 32 is formed into a hollow square, and the outer shape is the same as the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B, and the inner extracted shape is a liquid crystal
- the outer shape of the film 10 is the same. Therefore, the spacer 32 is disposed so as to completely fill the void where the liquid crystal film 10 is not disposed.
- the details of the dimensional relationship between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10, the material of the spacer 32, and the shape and arrangement of the spacer 32 will be described later.
- the inclination reducing member 34 is a member for reducing the relative inclination of the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B in the laminate 30 which is caused by the thickness of the flexible printed wiring board 18.
- the inclination reducing member 34 is disposed at a position facing the flexible printed wiring board 18 with the liquid crystal film 10 interposed therebetween.
- the arrangement position of the inclination reducing member 34 is an example, and may be arranged at an optimum position according to the size and shape of the laminated glass 1. Further, it is desirable that the inclination reducing member 34 has the same thickness as that of the flexible printed wiring board 18. Furthermore, it is desirable that the inclination reducing member 34 be made of the same or similar material as the flexible printed wiring board 18.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the method of manufacturing the laminated glass 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing in more detail the stack placement step in FIG.
- the production of the laminated glass 1 starts with performing a laminate disposing step in step (hereinafter simply referred to as “S”) 10.
- S laminate disposing step
- the second glass plate 33B is disposed (second glass plate disposing step).
- the 2nd glass plate 33B is arrange
- the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B is disposed on the second glass plate 33B (second interlayer film forming sheet disposing step).
- the liquid crystal film 10 is disposed on the second intermediate film forming sheet 31B (liquid crystal film disposing step).
- the flexible printed wiring board 18 is already connected to the liquid crystal film 10, the flexible printed wiring board 18 is also disposed in S13 (flexible printed wiring board placement step).
- the inclination reducing member 34 is disposed at the above-described predetermined position (inclination reducing member arranging step).
- the spacer 32 is disposed on the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B at a position where the liquid crystal film 10 is not disposed.
- the spacer 32 overlaps with the flexible printed wiring board 18 and the inclination reducing member 34, since the spacer 32 is deformed by a later pressure process or the like, in the present embodiment, the spacer 32 is overlapped as it is and there is no problem.
- the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A is disposed on the liquid crystal film 10 and the spacer 32 (a first interlayer film forming sheet arranging step).
- the first glass plate 33A is disposed on the first intermediate film forming sheet 31A (a first glass plate disposing step).
- the arrangement (temporary lamination) of the stacked body 30 is completed by the above steps.
- FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a laminate support structure 50 formed in the process of manufacturing the laminated glass 1. Since the structural members of the laminate 30 are not fixed to each other, positional displacement may occur in the manufacturing process as it is. Further, since the laminated glass 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the liquid crystal film 10 is sandwiched, in the pressing step described later, the pressure is evenly applied to the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B. I need to wear it. So, in this embodiment, the layered product support structure 50 which can be stably held in a manufacturing process is constituted.
- the laminate support structure 50 of the present embodiment includes a laminate 30, a first backing plate 41A, a second backing plate 41B, and a support 43.
- the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B are members disposed so as to sandwich the stacked body 30 from above and below. It is preferable to use a glass having a thickness equal to or greater than that of the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B for the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B of the present embodiment.
- the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B use glass thicker than the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B, the first glass plate 33A and the second backing plate 41B are pressurized when pressed.
- the main purpose is to prevent the second glass plate 33B from being bent. Therefore, the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B may be made of other members without being limited to glass.
- the rigidity of the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B is sufficiently high, the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B may be omitted.
- the support 43 is a frame-shaped member disposed along the outer periphery of the laminate 30.
- the support 43 is made of a material having a rigidity higher than that of the first intermediate film forming sheet 31A and the second intermediate film forming sheet 31B in the pressing step described later. In the present embodiment, a square bar made of aluminum is used. Further, the height of the support 43 is within an appropriate range (the height difference is within a predetermined value) with respect to the height at which the laminate 30 and the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B are stacked. Needs to be). In the case of producing laminated glass without using the first backing plate 41A and the second backing plate 41B, the height of the support 43 is in an appropriate range in comparison with the height of the laminate 30. It is necessary to be within.
- step S ⁇ b> 20 the support 43 is disposed around the laminate 30 (support placement step).
- FIG. 6 is a view for explaining an outline of prelamination processing by a vacuum laminator.
- prelamination processing by a vacuum laminator a pressure vessel 61 provided with two spaces of a first chamber 61A and a second chamber 61B is used.
- a silicone rubber sheet 64 is provided at the boundary between the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B so that an airtight state can be maintained between the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B.
- vent holes 62 and 63 are provided in the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B, respectively, and they are independently connected to an external air pump. Therefore, the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B can control the degree to which each space is independently depressurized. Further, a heater is incorporated in the bottom surface of the first chamber 61A, and the workpiece in the first chamber 61A can be heated.
- the laminate support structure 50 is disposed in the first chamber 61A, and both the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B are evacuated to remove air remaining in the laminate support structure 50. Do.
- the vacuum process of this embodiment was performed at normal temperature.
- pressurizing step pressure is applied to the laminate 30 together with the laminate support structure 50 (pressurizing step).
- the pressurizing step is performed in a state where the laminate 30 is heated.
- the laminate 30 is heated together with the laminate support structure 50.
- the pressurizing step is performed at a pressure of 0.5 atm or less.
- the pressurization process of S40 is continuously performed following the vacuum process of S30, and is performed while the laminate support structure 50 is in a vacuum state in the first chamber 61A of the pressure vessel 61 shown above.
- the first chamber 61A is maintained in a vacuum state, and the second chamber 61B is pressurized, so that the pressure difference between the first chamber 61A and the second chamber 61B should be applied to the stack 30 Adjust to match.
- the suction in the second chamber 61B is suppressed or stopped so that air equivalent to 0.5 atmosphere flows into the second chamber 61B.
- FIG. 7 is a view schematically showing the state of the silicone rubber sheet 64 in the pressing step.
- the silicone rubber sheet 64 is pushed toward the first chamber 61A by the pressure, and the silicone rubber sheet 64 Adhere closely to the laminate support structure 50 and pressure is applied to the laminate support structure 50 as well.
- the state of Tg ⁇ 10 ° C. and 0.5 atm of the first intermediate film forming sheet 31A and the second intermediate film forming sheet 31B is maintained.
- prelamination as laminated glass is completed.
- an autoclave process is performed.
- the laminate 30 after prelamination is transferred to a pressure vessel for an autoclave, and the laminate 30 is kept for a predetermined time in a high-pressure high-temperature environment to strengthen bonding as laminated glass to enhance strength.
- the laminated body 30 after prelamination (after the pressing step) is placed in an environment of 120 ° C. and 8 atm, and is used as an autoclave step.
- the laminated glass 1 is completed.
- the following excising step can also be performed as needed.
- a cutting process is performed to cut off a part of the outer periphery of the laminated body 30 (laminated glass 1) whose autoclave process is completed. Note that this excision step may not be performed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing experimental results in which the influence of the relationship between the height of the spacer 32 and the height of the liquid crystal film 10 on the pre-laminate result is examined.
- the experiment shown in FIG. 8 is an experiment in which the value (difference in height) obtained by subtracting the height of the liquid crystal film 10 from the height of the spacer 32 made of the PVB interlayer is changed. Other conditions are constant under the conditions described above.
- the size of the test piece (laminated glass) used in the experiment is a square having a side of 100 mm.
- the contents of the determination include the presence or absence of occurrence of liquid crystal deviation, the presence or absence of occurrence of air bubbles in the liquid crystal film 10, and the liquid crystal film 10 and the intermediate film (first intermediate film forming sheet 31A, second intermediate film forming sheet 31B Adhesion between the
- the generation of air bubbles is expressed as air bubbles, it is a state in which a space is generated, and it does not matter whether it is in a vacuum state or contains a gas.
- excellent indicates that no deviation of liquid crystal occurs or no bubbles in the cell occur, "good” occurs rarely in multiple experiments, and "bad” Is a frequent occurrence.
- the judgment regarding the adhesion state is the judgment after the autoclave process, and the judgment result "excellent” maintains a good adhesion state, and “good” indicates that adhesion failure occurs very rarely in multiple experiments "Bad” is one that frequently causes poor adhesion.
- the judgment results in the present specification including the judgment result of FIG. 8, the judgment results of “excellent”, “good”, and “bad” are used, but in any case, the judgment is performed based on the above-described criteria. There is. Further, the judgment results “excellent” and “good” are usable as products, and “bad” is not usable as products.
- the height (thickness) of the spacer 32 be equal to or greater than the height (thickness) of the liquid crystal film 10. Further, it is preferable that a value (difference in height) obtained by subtracting the height of the liquid crystal film 10 from the height of the spacer 32 is 0 mm or more and +0.90 mm or less. More preferably, the value (difference in height) obtained by subtracting the height of the liquid crystal film 10 from the height of the spacer 32 is preferably +0.12 mm.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram summarizing experimental results in which the influence of the material of the spacer 32 on the pre-laminate result is examined.
- the experiment shown in FIG. 9 is an experiment in which the material of the spacer 32 is changed. Other conditions are constant under the conditions described above.
- the value (difference in height) obtained by subtracting the height of the liquid crystal film 10 from the height of the spacer 32 was set to +0.12 mm.
- a PVB interlayer of the same material as the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A and the second interlayer film forming sheet 31B, and an EVA interlayer film usable as an interlayer film different therefrom And a PET substrate and a COP substrate were used. From the results shown in FIG.
- any of the PVB interlayer, the EVA interlayer, the PET substrate, and the COP substrate described above the bias of the liquid crystal, the cell in the cell, the cell and the intermediate are described. Since it did not include the determination result of "bad” in any determination of film adhesion, it could be confirmed that it can be used as the spacer 32 in the product. More desirably, a PVB interlayer or an EVA interlayer may be used as the material of the spacer 32.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram summarizing experimental results in which the influence of the shape and arrangement of the spacer 32 formed by the PVB interlayer on the prelaminate result is investigated.
- the experiment shown in FIG. 10A is an experiment in which the shape and arrangement of the spacer 32 are changed. Other conditions are constant under the conditions described above. The value (difference in height) obtained by subtracting the height of the liquid crystal film 10 from the height of the spacer 32 was set to +0.12 mm.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram summarizing experimental results in which the influence of the shape and arrangement of the spacer 32 formed by the PET substrate on the pre-laminate result is examined. In the experiment of FIG. 10B, the conditions were the same as those of FIG. 10A except that the materials were different. The experiments were conducted on the seven configurations described in FIGS. 10A and 10B as a combination of the shape and arrangement of the spacers 32. This form is shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-1.
- a square-shaped spacer 32 is disposed around the entire outer periphery of the liquid crystal film 10.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-2.
- four linear spacers 32 are arranged.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-3. In the embodiment 1-3, as shown in FIG. 13, two linear spacers 32 are disposed on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal film 10.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-4. In the form 1-4, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 one linear spacer 32 is disposed.
- FIG. 15 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-5. In the embodiment 1-5, as shown in FIG. 15, two L-shaped spacers 32 are arranged.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-6. In the embodiment 1-6, as shown in FIG. 16, one L-shaped spacer 32 is disposed.
- FIG. 17 is a view showing the arrangement of the spacer 32 of the embodiment 1-7. In the embodiment 1-7, as shown in FIG. 17, the rectangular spacer 32 excluding the position of the flexible printed wiring board 18 is disposed while viewing the entire periphery of the liquid crystal film 10.
- the spacers 32 are disposed at two opposing sides across at least the liquid crystal film 10. More preferably, the spacer 32 is disposed around the entire periphery of the liquid crystal film 10. Further, in the case of the PVB intermediate film of FIG. 10A, it can be confirmed that it is preferable to arrange the spacers 32 evenly, rather than overlapping at the position of the flexible printed wiring board 18 as in the embodiment 1-7. . On the other hand, in the case of the PET base material of FIG. 10B, since the PET base material is not easily deformed even when heated, it is desirable to dispose the flexible printed wiring board 18 so as not to overlap. Further, from the result of FIG. 10A, the form 1-4 and the form 1-6 can not be used because they include the determination result of “bad”, but the other forms do not include the determination result of “bad”. Therefore, it was confirmed that it could be used as a product.
- the occupancy rate of the intermediate film in laminated glass will be described.
- the occupancy ratio indicates the area ratio of the region in which the liquid crystal film 10 and the spacer 32 are disposed in% in the region sandwiched by the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B. It is.
- the value of this occupancy rate is taken as the value in the member dimension before performing prelamination. Ideally, 100% is desirable. However, if it is 100%, there is a high possibility that the spacer 32 may be disposed so as to overlap the liquid crystal film 10 in consideration of dimensional variations and assembly variations. Therefore, it was examined with the occupancy rate as a parameter how much a gap should be provided between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram summarizing experimental results in which the influence of the occupancy of the spacer 32 on the pre-laminate result is examined.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining each form of FIG. 18. Note that FIG. 19 shows the state immediately after the placement step, that is, the state in which the layers are simply disposed in an overlapping manner, and that the layers are not melted or joined because no heat is applied yet. It is a figure shown typically for explanation, and does not show the lamination state of laminated glass 1 after manufacture.
- the experiment shown in FIG. 18 is an experiment in which the occupancy of the spacer 32 is changed.
- the determination of the interlayer film bubble in FIG. 18 is the result of determining the generation state of the bubbles remaining in the interlayer film portion. The determination criteria are the same as the determination criteria for the in-cell bubble.
- the spacer 32 is not provided, and the occupancy rate is 99%.
- the occupancy rate is a lower value because the spacer 32 is not disposed in the definition of the occupancy rate, as shown in FIG. 19A
- the second interlayer film is formed. Since the forming sheet 31B is joined to the first interlayer film forming sheet 31A to substantially fill the space, the occupancy ratio is calculated as 99% as the triangular-shaped space shown in FIG. 19A remains.
- FIG. 19 (b) shows this form 2-2.
- the gap between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 is 0, and the occupancy rate is 100%, but the overlap with the liquid crystal film 10 occurs.
- FIG. 19 (d) shows a form 2-3
- FIG. 19 (e) shows a form 2-4.
- the gap between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 is 1 mm, and the occupation ratio is 91%.
- FIG. 19C shows this mode 2-5.
- the shape of each spacer 32 is a square shape.
- the gap between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 is 0, and the occupancy ratio is 100%, good results are obtained when both are properly arranged (form 2-2). However, when the two are overlapped, the result is very bad (form 2-3, form 2-4). On the other hand, also in the forms (forms 2-6 and 2-7) in which the occupancy rate has dropped too much, the result is very bad. Therefore, as in the embodiment 2-5, it may be desirable to dispose the space between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 with an appropriate gap. More specifically, it is desirable that the occupation ratio be 91% or more, and the gap between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 be 1 mm.
- a void is present between the spacer 32 and the liquid crystal film 10 before the prelamination, but in the part where this void was present, after the prelamination, the first interlayer film-forming sheet 31A
- the second interlayer film-forming sheet 31B partially intrudes, and the spacer 32 also intrudes into the void to fill the void.
- the liquid crystal film 10 has a liquid crystal layer formed inside, and the laminated glass sandwiching the liquid crystal film 10 sandwiches a soft material which is impossible with conventional laminated glass. Therefore, in the pre-lamination pressing process, even if slight pressure or the like is applied to the pre-laminate pressing process, the liquid crystal layer flows under the influence thereof, and liquid crystal stagnation and voids are generated in the liquid crystal film 10. It will occur.
- the silicon rubber sheet 64 presses the outer periphery of the laminate 30, ie, the outer periphery of the first glass plate 33A or the second glass plate 33B, when pressed. It is conceivable that the first glass plate 33A or the second glass plate 33B is distorted.
- the first spacer even if a pressing force is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the first glass plate 33A or the second glass plate 33B by arranging the spacers 32 in the periphery, the first spacer The deformation of the glass plate 33A or the second glass plate 33B can be suppressed, and pressure can be applied uniformly to the first glass plate 33A and the second glass plate 33B. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately perform prelamination without causing unnecessary flow or the like in the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing laminated glass capable of reducing the occurrence of liquid crystal reservoirs and voids.
- the sealing material 25 is disposed so as to surround the liquid crystal layer 14 of the liquid crystal film 10, and the spacers 32 are disposed around the liquid crystal film 10.
- the outer side is surrounded by a spacer 32.
- the sealing material 25 may be deteriorated depending on the material of the sealing material 25, and when the sealing material 25 is deteriorated, the sealing function The liquid crystal layer 14 may leak out.
- the spacer 32 blocks light from the side direction of the laminated glass 1 not to directly hit the sealing material 25 It is possible to prevent the deterioration of the sealing material 25.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a usage state in which the laminated glass 1A of the second embodiment is attached to the frame F.
- the laminated glass 1A (1B) is described as being fixed and attached to a frame (frame) F (frame).
- the laminated glass 1A of the second embodiment has a configuration in which necessary configurations are further added in actual use, but the basic configuration is the same as the laminated glass 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same code
- the laminated glass 1A has the layer configuration shown in FIG. 20 configured all around, and is attached to the frame F using an adhesive 80.
- the window frame corresponds to the frame F, for example.
- the lower side is the vehicle inner side and the indoor side
- the upper side is the vehicle outer side and the outdoor side.
- the laminated glass 1A of the second embodiment is different from the laminated glass 1 of the first embodiment in that the laminated glass 1A further includes a light shielding portion 70A.
- the light shielding portion 70A is made of a material having a function of shielding light of a wavelength of at least an ultraviolet light region, and shields external light reaching the sealing material 25.
- the light shielding portion 70A is disposed along the entire periphery of the laminated glass.
- the light blocking portion 70A may be configured as a light absorbing portion that blocks light by a light absorbing function, as long as the light blocking portion 70A can exert a light blocking function, or may be configured as a light reflecting portion that blocks light by a function of reflecting light.
- the light shielding portion 70A of the second embodiment is disposed from the end face of the laminated glass 1A to a position inside the sealing material 25.
- the light shielding portion 70A of the second embodiment is disposed at a position between the liquid crystal film 10 and the first glass plate 33A. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the light shielding portion 70A is provided between the first glass plate 33A and the first intermediate film 31A.
- the specific form and the specific manufacturing method for forming the light shielding portion 70A may be any method.
- the light shielding portion 70A may be formed on the first glass plate 33A or the first intermediate film 31A by printing. In the case where the light shielding portion 70A is formed on the first glass plate 33A by printing, for example, it can be formed by printing and drying a liquid black ceramic.
- the light shielding portion 70A When the light shielding portion 70A is formed on the first intermediate film 31A by printing, for example, carbon black or the like can be used as the ink. Furthermore, the light shielding portion 70A may be configured by arranging a light shielding film or the like between the first glass plate 33A and the first intermediate film 31A. When the light shielding portion 70A is formed by the arrangement of a light shielding film or the like, for example, a PET substrate colored in black or the like can be used as a material of the light shielding portion 70A. When the light shielding film or the like is disposed between the first glass plate 33A and the first intermediate film 31A, the adhesion between the light shielding film or the like and the first glass plate 33A is not sufficient. The case is assumed. In such a case, an intermediate film or the like may be disposed between the light shielding film and the like and the first glass plate 33A.
- the laminated glass 1A is attached to the frame F such that the first glass plate 33A is on the vehicle outer side or the outdoor side and the second glass plate 33B is on the vehicle inner side or the indoor side.
- the frame F of the second embodiment is configured to extend from the position of the sealing material 25 to the inside of the laminated glass 1A. Therefore, the light which reaches the sealing material 25 from the end of the laminated glass 1A and the vehicle inner side or the indoor side is blocked by the frame F. Also, even in appearance, the seal member 25 is hidden by the frame F so as not to be seen from the inside or the inside of the vehicle.
- the light shielding portion 70A is disposed at the above-described position, thereby preventing the light from being directly irradiated to the sealing material 25 and preventing the deterioration of the sealing material 25.
- the design property can be improved by hiding the sealing material 25 from the vehicle outer side or the outdoor side by the light shielding part 70A.
- the spacer 32 can block light from the side direction of the laminated glass not to directly hit the sealing material 25. The deterioration of the sealing material 25 can be prevented.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a use state in which the laminated glass 1B of the third embodiment is attached to the frame F.
- the laminated glass 1B of the third embodiment differs from that of the second embodiment in that it includes light shielding portions 70A and 70B, but the basic configuration is the same as that of the laminated glass 1A of the second embodiment. Therefore, the same code
- the light shielding portion 70A of the third embodiment is configured in the same manner as the light shielding portion 70A of the second embodiment.
- the light shielding portion 70B of the third embodiment is disposed at a position between the liquid crystal film 10 and the second glass plate 33B. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the light shielding portion 70B is provided between the second glass plate 33B and the second intermediate film 31B.
- the other configuration, formation method, and the like of the light shielding portion 70B are the same as those of the light shielding portion 70A of the first embodiment.
- a light shielding portion (70A, 70B) was disposed. Therefore, it is possible to block the light from the front and back directions of the laminated glass 1A from reaching the sealing material 25.
- the sealing material 25 can be concealed from either the front or back side, and the design can be improved. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 21, even when the frame F reaches only the outer side of the sealing material 25, it is possible to block the light reaching the sealing material 25 from the vehicle inner side or the indoor side. it can.
- the laminated glass 1B of the third embodiment can prevent deterioration of the sealing material 25 and can hide the sealing material 25 so as not to be seen. Furthermore, if the laminated glass 1B is flat, it can be used without making a distinction between the front and back, and the workability can be improved. In addition, even when the frame F does not have a light shielding property, the spacer 32 can block light from the side direction of the laminated glass not to directly hit the sealing material 25. The deterioration of the sealing material 25 can be prevented.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the end portion of the laminated glass 1C of the fourth embodiment.
- a laminated glass 1C (1D) used for a slide openable window of a vehicle or the like will be described as an example.
- the cross section shown in FIG. 22 is shown by cutting off the vicinity of an end of a portion exposed away from a frame of a vehicle or the like in the open state of the laminated glass 1C used as a slide openable window.
- the laminated glass 1C of the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which necessary configurations are further added in actual use, but the basic configuration is the same as the laminated glass 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same code
- the laminated glass 1C of the fourth embodiment is different from the laminated glass 1 of the first embodiment in that a light shielding portion 70C is provided.
- the light shielding portion 70C is made of a material having a function of shielding light of a wavelength of at least an ultraviolet light region, and shields external light reaching the sealing material 25.
- the light shielding portion 70C covers the end face of the laminated glass 1C, and is disposed so as to sandwich the laminated glass 1C from the end face to a position inside the sealing material 25.
- the position where the light shielding portion 70C is disposed is a position along the outer periphery of the laminated glass, and is disposed along at least an end exposed when the window is opened.
- the light shielding portion 70C may not be provided for a portion hidden in the vehicle body or the like near the end on the side where the opening and closing mechanism of the window is connected.
- the light shielding portion 70C only needs to exhibit a light shielding function, and may be configured as a light absorbing portion that blocks light by a light absorbing function, or may be configured as a light reflecting portion that blocks light by a function of reflecting light.
- the specific form and specific manufacturing method for forming the light shielding portion 70C may be any.
- the light shielding portion 70C may be configured by fitting a resin molded part and fixing by adhesion, or may be configured by applying a resin, a paint, or the like, or by bonding a tape, a sheet, or the like. May be
- the sealing material 25 can be shielded so as not to be directly exposed to light, and the deterioration of the sealing material 25 can be prevented. Further, by arranging the spacer 32, the sealing material 25 can be arranged on the inner side of the laminated glass at a distance from the side, so that light from the side direction of the laminated glass can be shielded so as not to directly hit the sealing material 25. The deterioration of the sealing material 25 can be prevented.
- FIG. 23 is sectional drawing which shows edge part vicinity of laminated glass 1D of 5th Embodiment.
- laminated glass 1D of 5th Embodiment becomes a structure which added the required structure further in the actual use, the basic composition is the same as that of laminated glass 1B of 3rd Embodiment. Therefore, the same code
- Laminated glass 1D of 5th Embodiment is corresponded to the form which further added light-shielding part 70D to laminated glass 1B of 3rd Embodiment.
- the laminated glass 1D of 5th Embodiment is a point different from the laminated glass 1B of 3rd Embodiment also in the point used by the form which can be slide-opened and closed.
- the light shielding portion 70D basically has the same configuration as the light shielding portion 70C of the fourth embodiment, but is a point that the laminated glass 1D is disposed only from the end face to a position outside the sealing material 25. Are different from the light shielding portion 70C of the fourth embodiment.
- the light shielding portion 70C of the fourth embodiment described above is provided at the end of the laminated glass, but when the window is opened, it becomes a prominent position. Therefore, in order to improve the design, there are cases where it is desirable to make the light shielding portion 70C smaller. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 23, the light shielding portion 70D may not reach the sealing material 25. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 23, by arranging the light shielding portions 70A and 70B together with the light shielding portion 70D, it is possible to block the light reaching the sealing material 25 and to prevent the deterioration of the sealing material 25. .
- the sealing material 25 can be arranged on the inner side of the laminated glass at a distance from the side, so that light from the side direction of the laminated glass can be shielded so as not to directly hit the sealing material 25. The deterioration of the sealing material 25 can be prevented.
- the VA type liquid crystal film has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any other type capable of adjusting the light control amount by a potential difference may be used.
- a liquid crystal film other than the VA system a TN system (twisted nematic) may be used.
- TN mode in a liquid crystal film, liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally when no voltage is applied, and light is allowed to pass through, resulting in a “white” screen. As voltage is gradually applied, liquid crystal molecules rise vertically, blocking light to darken the screen.
- the example of the inclination reducing member 34 having a rectangular shape and disposed at a position facing the flexible printed wiring board 18 has been described.
- a frame-shaped sloped relief member may be disposed, and the shape and arrangement of the sloped relief member can be changed as appropriate.
- the pressing process has been described by way of an example using prelamination processing with a vacuum laminator.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the present invention can be applied to a pressing process using a heat laminator, or the vacuum bag method or the tube method.
- the configuration including the spacer 32 has been described as an example. Not limited to this, for example, the spacer 32 may be omitted to be a laminated glass.
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Abstract
Description
液晶を利用した調光部材としての液晶フィルムは、透明電極を含む透明板材により液晶材料を挟持して液晶セルが製造され、この液晶セルを直線偏光板により挟持して作成される。この液晶フィルムは、透明電極間に印加する電界を変化させることにより液晶の配向を変化させ、外来光の透過量を制御する。
しかし、従来は液晶フィルムを挟み込んだ合わせガラスが実際に製造されたことがなかった。したがって、単に中間膜を挟んで構成される従来の合わせガラスと同様な手法をそのまま適用しただけでは、液晶フィルムを挟み込んだ合わせガラスを正しく製造できない場合があった。
液晶フィルムを挟み込んだ合わせガラスが正しく製造できない場合として、液晶フィルム内における液晶が一部に多く溜まってしまう現象(以下、「液晶溜まり」と呼ぶ)がある。また、合わせガラスの一部に空隙が生じてしまう場合もある。このような液晶溜まりや空隙が存在すると、不良品として廃棄するしかなく、改善が望まれている。
図1は、本実施形態の積層体30の構成を示す分解斜視図である。
なお、図1を含め、以下に示す各図は、模式的に示した図であり、各部の大きさ、形状は、理解を容易にするために、適宜誇張して示している。
また、以下の説明では、具体的な数値、形状、材料等を示して説明を行うが、これらは、適宜変更することができる。
本明細書において、形状や幾何学的条件を特定する用語、例えば、平行や直交等の用語については、厳密に意味するところに加え、同様の光学的機能を奏し、平行や直交と見なせる程度の誤差を有する状態も含むものとする。
本明細書において、板、シート、フィルム等の言葉を使用しているが、これらは、一般的な使い方として、厚さの厚い順に、板、シート、フィルムの順で使用されており、本明細書中でもそれに倣って使用している。しかし、このような使い分けには、技術的な意味は無いので、これらの文言は、適宜置き換えることができるものとする。
本明細書中において、シート面とは、各シートにおいて、そのシート全体として見たときにおける、シートの平面方向となる面を示すものであるとする。なお、板面、フィルム面に関しても同様であるとする。
また、本発明において透明とは、少なくとも利用する波長の光を透過するものをいう。例えば、仮に可視光を透過しないものであっても、赤外線を透過するものであれば、赤外線用途に用いる場合においては、透明として取り扱うものとする。
なお、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲において規定する具体的な数値には、一般的な誤差範囲は含むものとして扱うべきものである。すなわち、±10%程度の差異は、実質的には違いがないものであって、本件の数値範囲をわずかに超えた範囲に数値が設定されているものは、実質的には、本件発明の範囲内のものと解釈すべきである。
本実施形態の積層体30は、第1のガラス板33Aと、第1の中間膜形成シート31Aと、液晶フィルム10と、第2の中間膜形成シート31Bと、第2のガラス板33Bと、がこの順番で積層配置されている。また、液晶フィルム10と同一平面となる位置には、スペーサー32と、傾斜緩和部材34とが配置されている。
液晶フィルム10は、合わせガラスとして構成されて調光を図る部位に使用される。調光を図る部位とは、例えば、車両の外光が入射する部位(リアウインドウ、サイドウインドウ、サンルーフ等)、建築物の窓ガラス、ショーケース、屋内の透明パーテーション等が例示できる。
本実施形態において、液晶層14の駆動には、VA(Vertical Alignment)方式が採用されるが、これに限定されず、TN(Twisted Nematic)方式、IPS(In-Plane-Switching)方式等、種々の駆動方式を適用することができる。
なお、VA方式は、液晶の配向を垂直配向と水平配向とで変化させて透過光を制御する方式であり、無電界時、液晶を垂直配向させることにより、液晶層14を垂直配向層により挟持して液晶セル15が構成され、電界の印加により液晶材料を水平配向させるように構成される。
液晶用第1積層体12及び液晶用第2積層体13は、それぞれ基材21A、21Bに第1電極22A、第2電極22B、配向層23A、23Bを順次作成して形成される。また液晶フィルム10は、ゲストホスト方式の液晶セルを備えた構成としてもよく、この場合、直線偏光板は、省略することができる。また、ゲストホスト方式の場合に、直線偏光板は、必要に応じて液晶セルの一方、又は両方に配置してもよい。
なお、ノーマリーブラックとは、液晶に電圧がかかっていない時に透過率が最小となり、黒い画面になる構造である。ノーマリーホワイトとは、液晶に電圧がかかっていない時に透過率が最大となり、透明となる構造である。
基材21A、21Bは、液晶セル15に適用可能な可撓性を有するTAC、ポリカ、COP、アクリル、PET等、各種の透明フィルム材を適用することができ、この実施形態では、両面にハードコート層が形成されたポリカーボネートのフィルム材が適用される。
第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bは、液晶層14に電界を印加可能であって、透明と知覚される種々の構成を適用することができる。本実施形態では、第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bは、透明電極材であるITO(Indium Tin Oxide)による透明導電膜を基材21A、21Bの全面に製造して形成される。上述したように、IPS方式等においては、電極は所望の形状にパターンニングされた構成となる。
配向層23A及び配向層23Bは、光配向層により形成される。光配向層に適用可能な光配向材料は、光配向の手法を適用可能な各種の材料を広く適用することができるが、本実施形態では、例えば光二量化型の材料を使用する。この光二量化型の材料については、「M.Schadt, K.Schmitt, V. Kozinkov and V. Chigrinov : Jpn. J. Appl.Phys., 31, 2155 (1992)」、「M. Schadt, H. Seiberle and A. Schuster : Nature, 381, 212(1996)」等に開示されている。
また、配向層23A及び配向層23Bは、このようなラビング処理による配向層、光配向層に代えて、ラビング処理により製造した微細なライン状凹凸形状を賦型処理により製造して配向層を製造してもよい。
液晶内スペーサー24は、液晶層14の厚みを規定するために設けられ、各種の樹脂材料を広く適用することができるが、本実施形態ではフォトレジストにより製造される。液晶内スペーサー24は、第2電極22Bが形成された基材21Bの上に、フォトレジストを塗工して露光、現像することにより形成される。なお液晶内スペーサー24は、液晶用第1積層体12に設けるようにしてもよく、液晶用第1積層体12及び液晶用第2積層体13の双方に設けるようにしてもよい。また液晶内スペーサー24は、配向層23Bの上に設けるようにしてもよい。また、スペーサーは、いわゆるビーズスペーサーを適用してもよい。ビーズスペーサーは、球形状だけでなく、ロッド形状(円筒形状)や、楕円球形状等の形状を用いてもよい。
液晶内スペーサー24にビーズスペーサーを用いる場合、ビーズスペーサーは、配向層を形成した後に、配向層上に散布されることによって配置される。この場合、液晶層14内(配向層上)におけるビーズスペーサーの移動を抑制する観点から、ビーズスペーサーの表面に粘着剤等により形成される固着層を設けるようにしてもよい。
また、液晶層14内におけるビーズスペーサーの移動を抑制する観点から、配向層を形成する樹脂にビーズスペーサーを予め分散させて配向層の形成とともにビーズスペーサーを配置するようにしたり、液晶層を構成する液晶材料にビーズスペーサーを予め分散させて液晶層の形成とともにビーズスペーサーを配置するようにしたりすることも可能である。なお、ビーズスペーサーは、上述のフォトレジストのスペーサーと同様に、第1の積層体及び第2の積層体のいずれか一方に配置されるようにしてもよく、また、各積層体のそれぞれに配置されるようにしてもよい。
液晶層14は、この種の調光部材に適用可能な各種の液晶材料を広く適用することができる。具体的に、液晶層14には、重合性官能基を有していない液晶化合物として、ネマチック液晶化合物、スメクチック液晶化合物及びコレステリック液晶化合物を適用することができる。
ネマチック液晶化合物としては、例えば、ビフェニル系化合物、ターフェニル系化合物、フェニルシクロヘキシル系化合物、ビフェニルシクロヘキシル系化合物、フェニルビシクロヘキシル系化合物、トリフルオロ系化合物、安息香酸フェニル系化合物、シクロヘキシル安息香酸フェニル系化合物、フェニル安息香酸フェニル系化合物、ビシクロヘキシルカルボン酸フェニル系化合物、アゾメチン系化合物、アゾ系化合物、及びアゾオキシ系化合物、スチルベン系化合物、トラン系化合物、エステル系化合物、ビシクロヘキシル系化合物、フェニルピリミジン系化合物、ビフェニルピリミジン系化合物、ピリミジン系化合物、及びビフェニルエチン系化合物等を挙げることができる。
スメクチック液晶化合物としては、例えば、ポリアクリレート系、ポリメタクリレート系、ポリクロロアクリレート系、ポリオキシラン系、ポリシロキサン系、ポリエステル系等の強誘電性高分子液晶化合物を挙げることができる。
コレステリック液晶化合物としては、例えば、コレステリルリノレート、コレステリルオレエート、セルロース、セルロース誘導体、ポリペプチド等を挙げることができる。
また、市販品としては、例えばメルク社製MLC2166等の液晶材料を適用することができる。なお、ゲストホスト方式による場合、液晶層14には、液晶材料と調光に供する色素とが混入されるものの、ゲストホスト方式について提案されている液晶材料と色素との混合物を広く適用することができる。液晶セル15は、液晶層14を囲むように、シール材25が配置され、このシール材25により液晶の漏出が防止される。例えば、図1のように液晶フィルム10が四角形であり、液晶層14もまた四角形の場合、シール材25は、液晶層14の外側に枠状に配置される。ここでシール材25は、例えばエポキシ樹脂、紫外線硬化性樹脂等を適用することができる。
第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bと外部との電気的接続を行うために、フレキシブルプリント配線基板18が配置されている。フレキシブルプリント配線基板18は、例えば、図2に示すように、第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bが液晶層14を挟んでいない領域において、第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bに挟まれて配置されることにより接続することができる。なお、フレキシブルプリント配線基板18は、図2に示した形態に限らず、例えば、第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bに挟まれていない形態としてもよいし、第1電極22A及び第2電極22Bの一方のみに接続するような形態としてもよい。
なお、第1の中間膜形成シート31A及び第2の中間膜形成シート31Bの素材としては、EVA(エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体)、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタラート)、COP(シクロオレフィンポリマー)等を用いてもよい。
図1に例示した形態では、スペーサー32は、中抜きの四角形に形成されており、外形形状は第1のガラス板33A及び第2のガラス板33Bと同じであり、内側の抜き形状は、液晶フィルム10の外形形状と同等に構成されている。したがって、スペーサー32は、液晶フィルム10が配置されていない空隙を残さず埋めるように配置されていることとなる。
スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との寸法関係と、スペーサー32の素材と、スペーサー32の形状及び配置とについての詳細は、後述する。
図3は、合わせガラス1の製造方法を説明するフローチャートである。
図4は、図3中の積層体配置工程をより詳しく示したフローチャートである。
合わせガラス1の製造は、ステップ(以下、単に「S」と示す。)10で、積層体配置工程を行うことから開始する。この積層体配置工程については、図4を参照して説明する。
以上の工程によって、積層体30の配置(仮積層)が完了する。
積層体30は、各構成部材が互いに固定されていないので、そのままでは、製造過程で位置ズレが生じたりするおそれがある。また、本実施形態の合わせガラス1は、液晶フィルム10を挟み込んだ構成となっていることから、後述の加圧工程では、第1のガラス板33A及び第2のガラス板33Bに均等に圧力をかける必要がある。そこで、本実施形態では、積層体30を製造行程中に安定的に保持することができる積層体支持構造物50を構成する。
また、支持体43の高さは、積層体30と、第1の当て板41A及び第2の当て板41Bとを重ねた高さに対して適切な範囲内(高さの差が所定値内)にあることが必要となる。なお、第1の当て板41A及び第2の当て板41Bを用いずに合わせガラスの製造を行う場合には、支持体43の高さは、積層体30の高さとの比較において、適切な範囲内であることが必要となる。
本実施形態では、この真空工程と、後述の加圧工程とを、真空ラミネーターによるプレラミネート加工と呼ばれる手法によって行う。
図6は、真空ラミネーターによるプレラミネート加工の概要を説明する図である。
真空ラミネーターによるプレラミネート加工では、第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bの2つの空間を備えた圧力容器61を用いる。第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bとの境界には、シリコンゴムシート64が設けられており、第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bとの間は気密状態を保てるようになっている。また、第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bとには、それぞれ、通気孔62,63が設けられており、外部のエアポンプにそれぞれが独立して接続されている。したがって、第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bとは、それぞれの空間を独立して減圧する程度を制御可能である。また、第1チャンバ61Aの底面は、ヒーターが内蔵されており、第1チャンバ61A内の被加工物を加熱することができる。
このS40の加圧工程は、S30の真空工程に引き続いて連続的に行われ、先に示した圧力容器61の第1チャンバ61A内に積層体支持構造物50を真空状態においたまま行われる。加圧工程では、第1チャンバ61Aを真空状態に維持し、かつ、第2チャンバ61B内を加圧して、第1チャンバ61Aと第2チャンバ61Bとの差圧が積層体30に加えるべき圧力と一致するように調整する。例えば、積層体30に0.5気圧を加える場合には、第2チャンバ61B内の吸引を抑制したり停止したりして、0.5気圧相当の空気が第2チャンバ61B内に流入するようにする。
空気が第2チャンバ61Bに送り込まれて、圧力が第2チャンバ61Bから第1チャンバ61Aに加えられると、この圧力によってシリコンゴムシート64が第1チャンバ61Aに向けて押されて、シリコンゴムシート64は、積層体支持構造物50に密着し、積層体支持構造物50に対しても圧力が加わる。
本実施形態の加圧工程では、第1の中間膜形成シート31A及び第2の中間膜形成シート31BのTg±10℃、0.5気圧の状態を維持した。
加圧工程が終了すると、合わせガラスとしてのプレラミネートが終了する。
図8は、スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との高さの関係がプレラミネート結果に与える影響を調べた実験結果をまとめた図である。
図8に示す実験は、PVB中間膜を素材とするスペーサー32の高さから液晶フィルム10の高さを引いた値(高さの差)を変化させた実験である。他の条件は、上述した条件で一定としている。実験に用いた試験片(合わせガラス)の大きさは、1辺が100mmの正方形である。判定の内容は、液晶の偏りの発生の有無と、液晶フィルム10内の気泡の発生の有無と、液晶フィルム10と中間膜(第1の中間膜形成シート31A、第2の中間膜形成シート31B)との間の接着状態である。なお、気泡の発生とは、ここでは、気泡と表現しているものの、空間が生じている状態であり、真空状態であるか、気体が含まれているかは問わない。判定結果の”excellent”は、液晶の偏りが発生しない、又は、セル内の気泡が発生しないことを示し、”good”は、複数回の実験においてごく希に発生するものであり、”bad”は、頻繁に発生するものである。接着状態に関する判定は、オートクレーブ工程後の判定であり、判定結果の”excellent”は、良好な接着状態を維持しており、”good”は、複数回の実験においてごく希に接着不良が生じるものであり、”bad”は、頻繁に接着不良が発生するものである。
なお、図8の判定結果を含め本明細書における判定結果中において、”excellent”、”good”、”bad”の判定結果を用いるが、いずれの場合においても、上述した基準で判定を行なっている。また、判定結果が、”excellent”、及び、”good”は、製品としての使用可能なものであり、”bad”は、製品としての使用不可能なものである。
図9に示す実験は、スペーサー32の材料を変化させた実験である。他の条件は、上述した条件で一定としている。なお、スペーサー32の高さから液晶フィルム10の高さを引いた値(高さの差)は、+0.12mmとした。
実験に用いたスペーサー32の材料としては、第1の中間膜形成シート31A、第2の中間膜形成シート31Bと同一材料のPVB中間膜と、これとは異なる中間膜として利用可能なEVA中間膜と、PET基材と、COP基材とを用いた。
図9の結果から、上述した、PVB中間膜と、EVA中間膜と、PET基材と、COP基材とのうちのいずれの材料であっても、液晶の偏り、セル内気泡、セルと中間膜の接着のいずれの判定においても、”bad”の判定結果を含まないので、製品においてスペーサー32として用いることができることが確認できた。より望ましくは、PVB中間膜又はEVA中間膜をスペーサー32の材料として用いるとよい。
図10Aに示す実験は、スペーサー32の形状と配置を変化させた実験である。他の条件は、上述した条件で一定としている。なお、スペーサー32の高さから液晶フィルム10の高さを引いた値(高さの差)は、+0.12mmとした。
図10Bは、PET基材により形成されたスペーサー32の形状と配置がプレラミネート結果に与える影響を調べた実験結果をまとめた図である。図10Bの実験では、材料が異なる他は、上記図10Aと同様な条件とした。
スペーサー32の形状と配置の組合せとして、図10A及び図10B中に記載した7形態について実験を行った。この形態を図11から図17に示した。
形態1-1は、図11に示すように、液晶フィルム10の外周を全周囲むロの字形状のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
図12は、形態1-2のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-2は、図12に示すように、直線形状の4本のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
図13は、形態1-3のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-3は、図13に示すように、直線形状の2本のスペーサー32を、液晶フィルム10を挟んで対向する2辺に配置する形態である。
図14は、形態1-4のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-4は、図14に示すように、直線形状の1本のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
図15は、形態1-5のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-5は、図15に示すように、L形状の2本のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
図16は、形態1-6のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-6は、図16に示すように、L字形状の1本のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
図17は、形態1-7のスペーサー32の配置を示す図である。
形態1-7は、図17に示すように、液晶フィルム10の外周を全周囲みながら、フレキシブルプリント配線基板18の位置を除いた矩形状のスペーサー32を配置する形態である。
また、図10Aの結果から、形態1-4及び形態1-6は、”bad”の判定結果を含むため、使用不可であるが、その他の形態については、”bad”の判定結果を含まないため、製品として使用可能であることが確認できた。
ここで、占有率とは、第1のガラス板33Aと第2のガラス板33Bとに挟まれる領域において、液晶フィルム10及びスペーサー32が配置されている領域の面積割合を%表示で示したものである。なお、この占有率の値は、プレラミネートを行う前の部材寸法における値とする。理想的には、100%とすることが望ましいといえる。しかし、100%とすると、寸法ばらつきや組み立てばらつきを考慮すると、スペーサー32が液晶フィルム10と重なって配置されてしまうおそれが高くなる。そこで、スペーサー32が液晶フィルム10との間にどの程度の隙間を設けることがよいか、占有率をパラメータとして調べた。
図19は、図18の各形態を説明する図である。なお、図19は、配置工程直後の状態、すなわち、各層を単に重ねて配置しただけの状態であって、まだ熱を加えていないことから各層が溶融したり接合したりしていない状態を、説明のために模式的に示した図であり、製造後の合わせガラス1の積層状態を示すものではない。
図18に示す実験は、スペーサー32の占有率を変化させた実験である。
図18中の中間膜気泡の判定は、中間膜部分において残存する気泡の発生状況を判定した結果である。判定基準については、セル内気泡の判定基準と同様である。
形態2-3及び形態2-4は、スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との間の隙間が0であり、占有率は、100%であるが、液晶フィルム10との重なりが生じている場合である。図19(d)は、形態2-3を示し、図19(e)は、形態2-4を示している。
形態2-5は、スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との間の隙間が1mmであり、占有率は、91%である。図19(c)は、この形態2-5を示している。
形態2-6は、液晶フィルム10の角に角R=20mmとして占有率を下げた形態であり、占有率は、85%である。
形態2-7は、液晶フィルム10の形状を半径R=40mmの円形として占有率を下げた形態であり、占有率は、69%である。
なお、スペーサー32の形状は、いずれもロの字形状である。
そこで、形態2-5のように、スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との間の隙間を適度に空けて配置することが、望ましいといえる。より具体的には、占有率を91%以上とし、かつスペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との間の隙間を1mm空けることが望ましい。この場合、プレラミネートの前には、スペーサー32と液晶フィルム10との間には空隙が存在しているが、この空隙があった部分には、プレラミネート後、第1の中間膜形成シート31A及び第2の中間膜形成シート31Bが部分的に入り込んでおり、また、スペーサー32もこの空隙に入り込み、空隙が埋められている。
液晶フィルム10は、その内部に液晶層が形成されており、この液晶フィルム10を挟み込む合わせガラスは、従来の合わせガラスでは、あり得ないような柔らかい素材を挟み込むこととなる。したがって、プレラミネートの加圧工程において、僅かであっても圧力のかかり方に片寄り等が存在すると、その影響を受けて、液晶層が流動してしまい、液晶フィルム10に液晶溜まりや空隙が生じてしまう。特に、真空ラミネーターによるプレラミネート加工では、シリコンゴムシート64が加圧時に積層体30の外周部分、すなわち、第1のガラス板33A又は第2のガラス板33Bの外周部分を押圧することにより、第1のガラス板33A又は第2のガラス板33Bを歪ませてしまうことが考えられる。
後述するように、シール材25に太陽光が長時間照射されると、シール材25の材料によっては、シール材25が劣化するおそれがあり、シール材25が劣化してしまうと、そのシール機能が低下して、液晶層14が漏れ出してしまうおそれがある。
しかし、本実施形態では、平面視において、シール材25の外側がスペーサー32で囲まれているため、スペーサー32により、合わせガラス1の側面方向からの光がシール材25に直接当たらないように遮ることができ、シール材25の劣化を防止できる。
この効果は、スペーサー32が液晶フィルム10の外周を全周囲んで配置される場合、すなわち、スペーサー32がシール材25の外側を全周囲んで配置される場合において、顕著に得られるが、スペーサー32が液晶フィルム10の外周に配置されていれば、一部が途切れて配置されていても、得られる。
図20は、第2実施形態の合わせガラス1AがフレームFに取り付けられた使用状態を示す断面図である。この第2実施形態及び後述の第3実施形態では、合わせガラス1A(1B)が枠状のフレーム(窓枠)Fに固定されて取り付けられた構成として説明する。
第2実施形態の合わせガラス1Aは、実際の使用にあたり、必要な構成をさらに追加した構成となっているが、基本的な構成は第1実施形態の合わせガラス1と同様である。よって、前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を付して、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
図20の断面は、合わせガラス1AがフレームFに取り付けられた状態を、合わせガラス1Aの端部近傍で切断して示している。合わせガラス1Aは、図20に示す層構成が全周にわたって構成されており、接着剤80を用いてフレームFに取り付けられている。
なお、合わせガラス1Aを車両に取り付ける場合には、例えば、車体がフレームFに相当し、合わせガラス1Aを建物に取り付ける場合には、例えば、窓枠がフレームFに相当する。また、図20中で下方が車内側や屋内側であり、上方が車外側や屋外側であるとして示しており、これらを図中に”INSIDE”、”OUTSIDE”と示した。
遮光部70Aは、少なくとも紫外光領域の波長の光を遮光する作用を備えた材料で構成されており、シール材25に到達する外部からの光を遮光する。遮光部70Aは、合わせガラスの外周に沿って全周に配置されている。遮光部70Aは、遮光機能を発揮できればよいので、光吸収作用によって遮光する光吸収部として構成してもよいし、光を反射する作用によって遮光する光反射部として構成してもよい。
遮光部70Aを形成するための具体的な形態及び具体的な製造方法は、どのようなものであってもよい。例えば、遮光部70Aは、第1のガラス板33A上、又は、第1の中間膜31A上に印刷によって形成してもよい。
遮光部70Aを第1のガラス板33A上に印刷により形成する場合には、例えば、液状の黒セラミックを印刷して乾燥することにより形成することができる。
また、遮光部70Aを第1の中間膜31A上に印刷により形成する場合には、例えば、カーボンブラック等をインキとして用いることができる。
さらに、遮光部70Aは、遮光フィルム等を第1のガラス板33Aと第1の中間膜31Aとの間に配置して構成してもよい。遮光部70Aを遮光フィルム等の配置により形成する場合には、例えば、黒色に着色されたPET基材等を遮光部70Aの素材として用いることができる。なお、遮光フィルム等を第1のガラス板33Aと第1の中間膜31Aとの間に配置して構成すると、遮光フィルム等を第1のガラス板33Aとの間での接着力が十分とならない場合が想定される。そのような場合には、遮光フィルム等を第1のガラス板33Aとの間にさらに、中間膜等を配置するとよい。
一方、車外側又は屋外側からシール材25へ向かう光に関しては、遮光部70Aが仮に配置されていない場合、車外側又は屋外側からシール材25へ太陽光等が直に照射されることとなる。シール材25に太陽光が長時間照射されると、シール材25の材料によっては、シール材25が劣化するおそれがある。シール材25が劣化してしまうと、そのシール機能が低下して、液晶層14が漏れ出してしまうおそれもある。
そこで、本実施形態では、遮光部70Aが上述した位置に配置されることにより、シール材25へ直接光が照射されることを防ぎ、シール材25の劣化を防止している。また、遮光部70Aによって、車外側又は屋外側からシール材25を隠すことにより、意匠性を向上することができる。
また、フレームFが遮光性を有していない場合であっても、スペーサー32が配置されていることにより、合わせガラスの側面方向からの光がシール材25に直接当たらないように遮ることができ、シール材25の劣化を防止できる。
図21は、第3実施形態の合わせガラス1BがフレームFに取り付けられた使用状態を示す断面図である。
第3実施形態の合わせガラス1Bは、遮光部70A、70Bを備える点が第2実施形態と異なるが、基本的な構成は第2実施形態の合わせガラス1Aと同様である。よって、前述した第2実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を付して、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
第3実施形態の遮光部70Aは、第2実施形態の遮光部70Aと同様に構成されている。
第3実施形態の遮光部70Bは、液晶フィルム10と第2のガラス板33Bとの間となる位置に配置されている。より具体的には、本実施形態では、遮光部70Bは、第2のガラス板33Bと第2の中間膜31Bとの間に設けられている。遮光部70Bのその他の構成、形成方法等は、第1実施形態の遮光部70Aと同様である。
また、フレームFが遮光性を有していない場合であっても、スペーサー32が配置されていることにより、合わせガラスの側面方向からの光がシール材25に直接当たらないように遮ることができ、シール材25の劣化を防止できる。
図22は、第4実施形態の合わせガラス1Cの端部付近を示す断面図である。
この第4実施形態及び後述の第5実施形態では、車両等のスライド開閉可能な窓に用いられる合せガラス1C(1D)を例として説明する。図22に示す断面は、スライド開閉可能な窓として用いられる合せガラス1Cの開状態において車両等のフレームから離れて露出する部位の端部付近を切断して示している。
第4実施形態の合わせガラス1Cは、実際の使用にあたり、必要な構成をさらに追加した構成となっているが、基本的な構成は第1実施形態の合わせガラス1と同様である。よって、前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を付して、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
遮光部70Cは、少なくとも紫外光領域の波長の光を遮光する作用を備えた材料で構成されており、シール材25に到達する外部からの光を遮光する。遮光部70Cは、合わせガラス1Cの端面を覆い、かつ、端面からシール材25よりも内側の位置まで合わせガラス1Cを挟んで配置されている。また、遮光部70Cが配置される位置は、合わせガラスの外周に沿った位置であり、少なくとも窓を開状態としたときに露出する端部に沿って配置されている。なお、窓の開閉機構が接続されている側の端部付近で車体内部等に隠れる部位については、遮光部70Cは設けなくてもよい。
遮光部70Cは、遮光機能を発揮できればよいので、光吸収作用によって遮光する光吸収部として構成してもよいし、光を反射する作用によって遮光する光反射部として構成してもよい。
また、スペーサー32を配置したことにより、シール材25を合わせガラスの内側に、側面から離して配置できるので、合わせガラスの側面方向からの光がシール材25に直接当たらないように遮ることができ、シール材25の劣化を防止できる。
図23は、第5実施形態の合わせガラス1Dの端部付近を示す断面図である。
第5実施形態の合わせガラス1Dは、実際の使用にあたり、必要な構成をさらに追加した構成となっているが、基本的な構成は第3実施形態の合わせガラス1Bと同様である。よって、前述した第3実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を付して、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
遮光部70Dは、第4実施形態の遮光部70Cと基本的には同様な構成をしているが、端面からシール材25よりも外側の位置までしか合わせガラス1Dを挟んで配置されていない点が第4実施形態の遮光部70Cと異なっている。
また、スペーサー32を配置したことにより、シール材25を合わせガラスの内側に、側面から離して配置できるので、合わせガラスの側面方向からの光がシール材25に直接当たらないように遮ることができ、シール材25の劣化を防止できる。
以上説明した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変形や変更が可能であって、それらも本発明の範囲内である。
例えば、VA方式以外の液晶フィルムとして、TN方式(twisted Nematic)を用いてもよい。TN方式は、液晶フィルムは、電圧が印加されていないときは液晶分子が水平に並び、光を通過させて画面が「白」になる。徐々に電圧を印加していくと、液晶分子が垂直に立ち上がっていき、光をさえぎって画面が黒くなる方式である。
10 液晶フィルム
12 液晶用第1積層体
13 液晶用第2積層体
14 液晶層
15 液晶セル
16 直線偏光板
17 直線偏光板
18 フレキシブルプリント配線基板
21A 基材
21B 基材
22A 第1電極
22B 第2電極
23A 配向層
23B 配向層
24 液晶内スペーサー
25 シール材
30 積層体
31A 第1の中間膜形成シート(第1の中間膜)
31B 第2の中間膜形成シート(第2の中間膜)
32 スペーサー
33A 第1のガラス板
33B 第2のガラス板
34 傾斜緩和部材
41A 第1の当て板
41B 第2の当て板
43 支持体
50 積層体支持構造物
61 圧力容器
61A 第1チャンバ
61B 第2チャンバ
62 通気孔
63 通気孔
64 シリコンゴムシート
70A,70B,70C,70D 遮光部
80 接着剤
F フレーム
Claims (14)
- 第1のガラス板と、第1の中間膜と、液晶フィルムと、第2の中間膜と、第2のガラス板と、がこの順番で積層配置されており、
前記液晶フィルムは、液晶層と、前記液晶層を封止し、前記液晶層の周囲を囲むように配置されたシール材とを有しており、
前記第1のガラス板及び前記第2のガラス板は、前記液晶フィルムよりも外形形状が大きく形成されており、
前記第1のガラス板と前記第2のガラス板とに挟まれる領域であって、かつ、前記液晶フィルムが配置されない領域の少なくとも一部にスペーサーが配置されており、
平面視において、前記シール材の外側が、前記スペーサーで囲まれている合わせガラス。 - 請求項1に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記スペーサーは、前記液晶フィルムの外周を全周囲んで配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項1に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記スペーサーの高さの方は前記液晶フィルムの高さ以上であること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項1に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記スペーサーは、前記液晶フィルムに隣接して配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項1に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記スペーサーは、前記液晶フィルムとの間に距離を空けて配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項5に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記スペーサーと前記液晶フィルムとの間には、前記第1の中間膜及び前記第2の中間膜の少なくとも一方が部分的に入り込んで配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 液晶フィルムを第1のガラス板と第2のガラス板とで挟んだ積層体を用いた合わせガラスの製造方法であって、
前記液晶フィルムは、液晶層と、前記液晶層を封止し、前記液晶層の周囲を囲むように配置されたシール材とを有しており、
前記第1のガラス板及び前記第2のガラス板は、前記液晶フィルムよりも外形形状が大きく形成されており、
前記第1のガラス板と前記第2のガラス板とに挟まれる領域であって、かつ、前記液晶フィルムが配置されない領域の少なくとも一部に、平面視において、前記シール材の外側を囲むようにスペーサーを配置するスペーサー配置工程と、
前記スペーサーが配置された状態で前記第1のガラス板と前記第2のガラス板との少なくとも一方の板面に加圧する加圧工程と、
を備える合わせガラスの製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の合わせガラスの製造方法において、
前記スペーサーの高さの方は前記液晶フィルムの高さ以上であること、
を特徴とする合わせガラスの製造方法。 - 第1のガラス板と、第1の中間膜と、液晶フィルムと、第2の中間膜と、第2のガラス板と、がこの順番で積層配置されており、
前記液晶フィルムは、液晶を封止するシール材を周囲に有しており、
前記シール材に到達する外部からの光を遮光する遮光部を当該合わせガラスの外周に沿って備える合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記遮光部は、
当該合わせガラスの端面から前記シール材よりも内側の位置まで配置されており、
かつ、
前記液晶フィルムと前記第1のガラス板との間となる位置に配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記遮光部は、
当該合わせガラスの端面から前記シール材よりも内側の位置まで配置されており、
かつ、
前記液晶フィルムと前記第1のガラス板との間となる位置、及び、前記液晶フィルムと前記第2のガラス板との間となる位置の双方に配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記遮光部は、
当該合わせガラスの端面を覆い、かつ、前記端面から前記シール材よりも内側の位置まで当該合わせガラスを挟んで配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記遮光部は、
当該合わせガラスの端面を覆い、かつ、前記端面から前記シール材よりも外側の位置まで当該合わせガラスを挟んで配置されており、
かつ、
前記液晶フィルムと前記第1のガラス板との間となる位置、及び、前記液晶フィルムと前記第2のガラス板との間となる位置の双方に配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスにおいて、
前記第1のガラス板及び前記第2のガラス板は、前記液晶フィルムよりも外形形状が大きく形成されており、
前記第1のガラス板と前記第2のガラス板とに挟まれる領域であって、かつ、前記液晶フィルムが配置されない領域の少なくとも一部にスペーサーが配置されていること、
を特徴とする合わせガラス。
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WO2020171063A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
JP2021134129A (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-13 | Agc株式会社 | 機能性部材付き合わせガラス及び機能性部材付き合わせガラスの製造方法 |
WO2023090133A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 合わせガラス及び液晶装置 |
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CN112351883A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-02-09 | Agp美洲股份公司 | 具有可切换液晶层的层压玻璃 |
DE112021004395T5 (de) * | 2020-08-21 | 2023-06-29 | AGC Inc. | Laminiertes glas und verfahren zur herstellung eines laminierten glases |
CN116018281A (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2023-04-25 | Agc株式会社 | 车辆用夹层玻璃 |
US12085828B2 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-09-10 | Wicue Usa Inc. | Liquid crystal window bonding and sealing |
TWI766756B (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-06-01 | 陳宗億 | 電子式自動控制遮光裝置 |
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WO2020171063A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
JPWO2020171063A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-10-28 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
JP7472870B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2024-04-23 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
JP2021134129A (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-13 | Agc株式会社 | 機能性部材付き合わせガラス及び機能性部材付き合わせガラスの製造方法 |
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JP7401038B2 (ja) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-12-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 合わせガラス及び液晶装置 |
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US20240319545A1 (en) | 2024-09-26 |
JP2022140449A (ja) | 2022-09-26 |
KR20230010851A (ko) | 2023-01-19 |
KR20200035410A (ko) | 2020-04-03 |
US12019337B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
JPWO2019026849A1 (ja) | 2020-08-13 |
US20210103174A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
KR20240064046A (ko) | 2024-05-10 |
EP3663269A4 (en) | 2021-05-05 |
JP2023165720A (ja) | 2023-11-17 |
US20230152634A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
US11604385B2 (en) | 2023-03-14 |
EP3663269A1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
JP7355170B2 (ja) | 2023-10-03 |
KR102663707B1 (ko) | 2024-05-08 |
KR102489356B1 (ko) | 2023-01-18 |
JP7107317B2 (ja) | 2022-07-27 |
CN111051264A (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
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