WO2018120388A1 - 一种纽扣电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种纽扣电池及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120388A1
WO2018120388A1 PCT/CN2017/074734 CN2017074734W WO2018120388A1 WO 2018120388 A1 WO2018120388 A1 WO 2018120388A1 CN 2017074734 W CN2017074734 W CN 2017074734W WO 2018120388 A1 WO2018120388 A1 WO 2018120388A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
negative electrode
current collector
electrode sheet
electrode sheets
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PCT/CN2017/074734
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱传钦
周显茂
Original Assignee
重庆市紫建电子有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 重庆市紫建电子有限公司 filed Critical 重庆市紫建电子有限公司
Priority to US16/461,487 priority Critical patent/US11165088B2/en
Priority to CA3043360A priority patent/CA3043360C/en
Priority to JP2019546955A priority patent/JP6853893B2/ja
Priority to KR1020197014439A priority patent/KR102259463B1/ko
Priority to EP17886671.1A priority patent/EP3531474A4/en
Publication of WO2018120388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120388A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H01M10/0427—Button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/025—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material with shapes other than plane or cylindrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H01M50/157—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/159—Metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular relates to a button battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the battery of the electronic device is one of the essential configurations for the life of the electronic device.
  • the button battery is a full metal shell sealed battery, which is characterized by small battery size, excellent sealing performance and small battery discharge current. Therefore, it is widely used in computers, hearing aids, electronic watches, radios and various electronic gadgets.
  • the battery cells of the button battery are mostly made by winding (as shown in FIG. 1), that is, the positive electrode sheet 100, the diaphragm 101, and the negative electrode sheet 102 are wound together because the misalignment of the winding is necessarily present.
  • the positive electrode sheet 100 is connected to the casing 104 only through one positive electrode tab 103, the negative electrode sheet 102 passes through only one negative electrode tab 105 and the housing.
  • the connection of 104 causes the battery to have the disadvantages of high internal resistance of the battery, poor rate discharge and easy short circuit.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a coin battery having a small internal resistance of a battery and capable of discharging a large current, and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the present invention provides a button battery including a casing, wherein a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets are disposed in the casing, and each of the positive electrode sheets and each of the negative electrode sheets are stacked to form a columnar electric power.
  • the core, each of the positive electrode sheets is connected to the housing through a first current collector, and each of the negative electrode sheets is connected to the housing through a second current collector.
  • Each of the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets are interposed so as to enable each of the positive electrode sheets to interact with adjacent negative electrode sheets.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet have the same number, and the two ends of the columnar battery core are a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, respectively.
  • a separator is disposed between each of the positive electrode sheets and the adjacent negative electrode sheets.
  • the diaphragm is sleeved on each of the positive electrode sheets or on each of the negative electrode sheets.
  • the separator is interposed in a gap between each of the positive electrode sheets and the adjacent negative electrode sheets.
  • each of the positive electrode sheets is provided with at least one positive electrode ear, each of the positive electrode ears is assembled to form the first current collector; each of the negative electrode sheets is provided with at least one negative electrode ear, and each of the negative electrode ears is assembled Said second current collector.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet have a circular, polygonal or arcuate structure.
  • an active material is provided on each of the positive electrode sheets and each of the negative electrode sheets.
  • first current collector and the second current collector are respectively located on different sides of the columnar battery, and an angle between the first current collector and the second current collector is greater than 0°, less than or equal to 180°, to avoid The first current collector contacts the second current collector to create interference.
  • a safety valve capable of venting the inside of the housing is provided at the bottom of the housing.
  • the safety valve includes at least one through hole and a hot melt material filled in the through hole.
  • the safety valve comprises at least one through hole, and a spacer covering the through hole is disposed in the housing, and the spacer is connected to the first current collector.
  • a button battery manufacturing method characterized in that
  • the active material is coated on the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, respectively, and the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets are disposed in the casing to form a columnar battery core by interval lamination;
  • the columnar battery is baked and injected, sealed, formed, and divided.
  • each of the positive electrode sheets and each of the negative electrode sheets are formed by punching or laser cutting, and the aluminum foil and the copper foil are connected to the casing by ultrasonic welding or electric resistance welding.
  • the surface of the diaphragm is coated with glue, and the separator is thermally combined with the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet into a unitary structure by a hot pressing process.
  • the invention adopts the above technical solutions, and has the following advantages: 1.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the invention are both plural, and at least one tab is disposed on each positive electrode sheet and each negative electrode sheet, The ear conducts the diversion, so the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the large current discharge capability is strong.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the present invention can effectively control the total height of the button battery by adopting a manner of interstitial interleaving.
  • the first current collector and the second current collector of the present invention are respectively located on both sides of the battery core, and one end of the battery core ends with a positive electrode sheet, and the other end ends with a negative electrode sheet, and is respectively connected to the housing, thereby preventing Short circuit hazard caused by poor insulation.
  • the button battery of the present invention is provided with a safety valve at the bottom of the casing, when the internal pressure of the button battery is increased due to overheating, the gas inside the button battery case can be discharged through the safety valve to relieve pressure
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional button battery wound battery core
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the installation of a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a pole piece of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a layout view of a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pole piece in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a button battery provided by the present invention includes a casing 1 of a battery, and a plurality of positive electrode sheets 2 and a plurality of negative electrode sheets 3 are horizontally disposed in the casing 1, and each positive electrode sheet 2 and each negative electrode The sheets 3 are stacked at equal intervals in the axial direction of the casing 1 to form columnar cells 4, and each of the positive electrode sheets 2 is connected to the casing 1 through the first current collector 5, and each of the negative electrode sheets 3 is connected to the casing 1 through the second current collector 6. .
  • each positive electrode sheet 2 and each of the negative electrode sheets 3 are inserted, that is, in accordance with the positive electrode sheet 2, the negative electrode sheet 3, the positive electrode sheet 2, the negative electrode sheet 3, and the negative electrode sheet 3. Laminated so that each positive electrode sheet 2 can interact with the adjacent negative electrode sheets 3, thereby improving work efficiency;
  • the number of the positive electrode sheets 2 and the respective negative electrode sheets 3 are the same, and it is necessary to ensure that both ends of the columnar battery cells 4 formed after lamination are a positive electrode sheet 2 and a negative electrode sheet 3, that is, one end of the columnar battery cell 4 is The positive electrode sheet ends and the other end ends with a negative electrode sheet.
  • both the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 are at least two pieces, and the number of the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 may be different, as long as the two ends of the columnar core 4 formed after lamination are respectively a positive electrode.
  • the sheet 2 and a negative electrode sheet 3 are sufficient.
  • a separator 7 may be provided between each of the positive electrode sheets 2 and the adjacent negative electrode sheets 3.
  • the separator 7 can be placed on each of the positive electrode sheets 2 or on each of the negative electrode sheets 3, thereby completing the fixing of the separator 7, wherein when the separator 7 is entirely placed on the positive electrode sheet 2, then It is necessary to be placed on each of the negative electrode sheets 3, or when the separators 7 are all placed on the negative electrode sheets 3, it is not necessary to be placed on the respective positive electrode sheets 2.
  • the separator 7 can also be interposed in the gap between each positive electrode sheet 2 and the adjacent negative electrode sheet 3. It should be noted that the diaphragm 7 is installed in such a manner that the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 are not provided. It is only necessary to make contact, and it is not limited to the above two methods.
  • At least one positive electrode tab 21 may be disposed on each positive electrode sheet 2, and the positive electrode tabs 21 of each positive electrode sheet 2 are collectively formed to form a first current collector 5; each negative electrode At least one negative electrode tab 31 is disposed on the sheet 3, and the negative electrode tabs 31 of each negative electrode tab 3 are collectively formed to form a second current collector 6.
  • the shape of the positive electrode tab 2 and the negative electrode tab 3 may be circular, polygonal or arcuate;
  • both the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 are circular, the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 cannot be completely overlapped when laminated, and a dislocation arrangement is required to connect the positive electrode sheet 2 with the positive electrode tab 21.
  • One side edge is away from the edge of the corresponding negative electrode sheet 2, so that one side edge of the negative electrode tab 3 connected with the negative electrode tab 31 is away from the edge of the corresponding positive electrode sheet 3 (as shown in FIG. 5);
  • both the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 are polygonal, the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 cannot be completely overlapped when laminated, and a phase-dislocation arrangement is required to connect the positive electrode sheet 2 to the positive electrode tab 21.
  • the side edge is away from the edge of the corresponding negative electrode tab 3, so that the negative electrode tab 3 is connected with one side edge of the negative electrode tab 31 away from the edge of the corresponding positive electrode tab 2;
  • both the positive electrode tab 2 and the negative electrode tab 3 have an arcuate structure, that is, at least one chord is provided at the edge of the circle to form a superior arc bow structure (as shown in FIG. 6), and the positive electrode tab 2 is The negative electrode sheet 3 can be completely overlapped and laminated at the center, the positive electrode tab 21 is disposed at the chord of the positive electrode sheet 2, the negative electrode tab 31 is disposed at the chord portion of the negative electrode sheet 3, and the chord of the positive electrode sheet 2 at the time of lamination corresponds to the superior arc of the negative electrode sheet 3, and the negative electrode The chord of the sheet 3 corresponds to the superior arc of the positive electrode sheet 2, thereby avoiding the interference of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 3, and the interference between the negative electrode tab 31 and the positive electrode tab 2;
  • the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 may be laminated in the same shape as described above, or may be mixed and laminated by using the above three shapes, as long as the positive electrode sheet 2 and the tab of the negative electrode sheet 3 are not interfered.
  • a safety valve capable of venting the inside of the housing 1 is provided at the bottom of the housing 1, and the safety valve includes at least one through hole 14 provided at the bottom of the housing 1, in the through hole 14 Filled with a hot-melt material that is solid in the range of -40 to 130 ° C.
  • a hot-melt material that is solid in the range of -40 to 130 ° C.
  • hot melt materials can be asphalt, vulcanized rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylic, polysulfone, polyphenylene ether, others. Polyolefins and copolymers thereof.
  • the sealing of the through hole 14 may also adopt a spacer disposed in the housing 1 covering the through hole 14.
  • the spacer is connected to the first current collector 5, wherein the spacer may have a thickness of 0.01.
  • An aluminum foil sheet of between -0.2 mm, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, the aluminum foil covering the through hole 14 is in mechanical contact with the bottom of the casing 1 for current conduction, since the bottom of the casing 1 is open
  • the hole 14 is so that the bottom of the casing 1 does not need to be sealed.
  • the air pressure will break through the thin aluminum foil to allow gas to escape from the through hole 14 to achieve pressure relief.
  • the shape of the aluminum foil sheet is matched with the shape of the bottom surface of the casing 1, and the separator is connected to the first current collector 5 by ultrasonic or spot welding.
  • a secondary lithium ion battery active material that can be embedded and deintercalated is disposed on each of the positive electrode sheets 2 and each of the negative electrode sheets 3.
  • the active material coated on the positive electrode sheet 2 is lithium cobaltate or cobalt nickel manganese acid.
  • One or more of lithium, lithium manganate, and lithium iron phosphate; the active material coated on the negative electrode sheet 3 is one or more of graphite, silicon carbon, and lithium titanate.
  • the first current collector 5 and the second current collector 6 are respectively located at two sides of the columnar battery 4, and the angle between the first current collector 5 and the second current collector 6 is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 180°.
  • each of the positive electrode tabs 21 is connected to the casing 1 by an aluminum foil
  • each of the negative electrode tabs 31 is connected to the casing 1 by a copper foil.
  • the housing 1 includes a positive electrode case 11 and a negative electrode case 12, and the positive electrode case 11 and the negative electrode case 12 are connected by a sealing ring 13 (as shown in FIG. 2), wherein the positive electrode case 11 and the negative electrode case 12 are made of metal.
  • the positive electrode shell 11 may be an upper casing or a lower casing, and may be selected according to work requirements.
  • the separator 7 is made of PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene).
  • the first current collector 5 and the second current collector 6 are respectively located on different sides of the columnar battery 4, and the angle between the first current collector 5 and the second current collector 6 is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 180°. Avoiding interference between the first current collector and the second current collector.
  • the present invention also includes a method of manufacturing a button battery, comprising the steps of:
  • the active material is coated on the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3, respectively, and each layer is laminated by intervals.
  • the positive electrode sheet 2 and the negative electrode sheet 3 are disposed in the housing 1 to form a columnar battery core 4;
  • the first current collector 5 connected to each positive electrode sheet 2 is connected to the casing 1 through an aluminum foil;
  • the second current collector 6 connected to each of the negative electrode sheets 3 is connected to the casing 1 through a copper foil;
  • a diaphragm 7 is disposed between each positive electrode sheet 2 and the adjacent negative electrode sheet 3;
  • the columnar cell 4 is baked and injected, sealed, formed, and filled to complete the manufacturing process.
  • each of the positive electrode sheets 2 and each of the negative electrode sheets 3 is formed by punching or laser cutting, and the aluminum foil and the copper foil are joined to the casing 1 by ultrasonic welding or electric resistance welding.
  • the surface of the separator 7 is coated with a polymer material, that is, a surface of the separator 7 is coated with a polymer material such as polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, and a process of hot pressing is used after lamination (
  • the temperature is 50 to 100 degrees
  • the pressure is 1 to 20 kg/cm 2
  • the time is 0.1 to 60 minutes.
  • the positive electrode sheet 2, the negative electrode sheet 3 and the separator 7 are thermally synthesized into a unitary structure, so that the columnar cell structure is more stable and does not disperse, and the layer spacing is Consistently, the device of the present invention has lower internal resistance and better electrical performance.
  • the insulating glue can be a solution of NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) or SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) of polyvinylidene fluoride, and the thickness of the coating is 0.001 to 0.01 mm on one side, and the insulating glue can be applied to the positive electrode 21 Inner side, sides or roots.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种纽扣电池及其制造方法，纽扣电池包括壳体，在壳体内设置有多个正极片和负极片，各正极片与负极片层叠形成柱状电芯，各正极片和负极片分别通过集流体与壳体连接；纽扣电池制造方法，在正极片和负极片上分别涂覆活性材料，将与各正极片连接的第一集流体通过铝箔与壳体连接；将与各负极片连接的第二集流体通过铜箔与壳体连接；对柱状电芯套置密封圈，柱状电芯烘烤并进行注液，封口，化成，分容。本发明的正极片和负极片均为多个，在每一正极片和负极片上均设置有极耳，由于采用多个极耳进行导流，因此电池内阻减小，大电流放电能力强。本发明的正极片和负极片采用间隔穿插层叠的方式，因此电池高度可控。

Description

一种纽扣电池及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明属于电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种纽扣电池及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着经济的发展和社会的进步，人们的生活越来越智能化和便捷化。各种电子设备的出现减少了人们的劳动，使得事半功倍。其中，电子设备的电池是电子设备续航必不可少的配置之一。
纽扣电池是一种全金属壳密封电池，其特点是电池体积小，密封性极强，电池放电电流小。因此被广泛用在计算机、助听器、电子手表、收音机及各类电子小产品中。然而，目前纽扣电池的电芯多采用卷绕方式制成(如图1所示)，即将正极片100、隔膜101、负极片102三者卷绕在一起，因为卷绕的错位是一定存在的，进而使得卷绕形成的电芯在电池的高度方向存在一定的误差；同时，由于正极片100只通过一个正极耳103与壳体104连接，负极片102也只通过一个负极耳105与壳体104连接，造成了该电池存在电池内阻高，倍率放电差和容易短路等缺点。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种电池内阻小且能够进行大电流放电的纽扣电池及其制造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种纽扣电池，包括壳体，在所述壳体内设置有多个正极片和多个负极片，各所述正极片与各所述负极片间隔层叠形成柱状电芯，各所述正极片通过第一集流体与所述壳体连接，各所述负极片通过第二集流体与所述壳体连接。
其中，各所述正极片与各所述负极片穿插设置，用于使每一所述正极片能与相邻的所述负极片相互作用。
其中，所述正极片与所述负极片的数量相同，且所述柱状电芯的两端分别为一正极片和一负极片。
其中，每一所述正极片与相邻的所述负极片间设置有隔膜。
其中，所述隔膜套置在各所述正极片上或各所述负极片上。
其中，所述隔膜夹设在每一所述正极片与相邻所述负极片的间隙中。
其中，每一所述正极片上设置有至少一个正极耳，各所述正极耳汇集形成所述第一集流体；每一所述负极片上设置有至少一个负极耳，各所述负极耳汇集形成所述第二集流体。
其中，所述正极片和所述负极片为圆形、多边形或弓形结构。
其中，在各所述正极片和各所述负极片上设置有活性材料。
其中，所述第一集流体和第二集流体分别位于柱状电芯的不同侧，且所述第一集流体与所述第二集流体间的夹角大于0°，小于等于180°,避免所述第一集流体与所述第二集流体接触产生干涉。
其中，在所述壳体的底部设置有能够对所述壳体内部进行泄气的安全阀。
其中，所述安全阀包括至少一个通孔以及填充在所述通孔中的热熔性材料。
其中，所述安全阀包括至少一个通孔，在所述壳体内设置有一层覆盖所述通孔的隔片，所述隔片与所述第一集流体连接。
一种纽扣电池制造方法，其特征在于，
在正极片和负极片上分别涂覆活性材料，并通过间隔层叠的方式将各正极片和负极片设置在壳体中形成柱状电芯；
将与各正极片连接的第一集流体通过铝箔与壳体连接；
将与各负极片连接的第二集流体通过铜箔与壳体连接；
在每一正极片与相邻的负极片间设置隔膜；
对柱状电芯套置密封圈，其中密封圈内部点胶或整体浸胶；
柱状电芯烘烤并进行注液，封口，化成，分容。
其中，各正极片和各负极片通过冲切或激光切方式制成，铝箔和铜箔通过超声焊或电阻焊方式与壳体连接。
其中，隔膜表面设置涂胶，采用热压工艺使隔膜与正极片和负极片热合成为一体结构。
本发明由于采用以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：1、本发明的正极片和负极片均为多个，在每一正极片和每一负极片上均设置有至少一个极耳，由于采用多个极耳进行导流，因此电池内阻减小，大电流放电能力强。2、本发明的正极片和负极片由于采用间隔穿插层叠的方式，因此可以有效控制纽扣电池的总高度。3、本发明的第一集流体和第二集流体由于分别位于电芯的两侧，且电芯的一端以正极片结束，另一端以负极片结束，且分别于壳体连接，因此可防止绝缘不良造成的短路隐患。4、本发明纽扣电池由于在壳体的底部设置有安全阀，因此当纽扣电池过热造成内压增大时，可通过安全阀将纽扣电池壳体内部的气体排出进行泄压降温。
上述概述仅仅是为了说明书的目的，并不意图以任何方式进行限制。除上述描述的示意性的方面、实施方式和特征之外，通过参考附图和以下的详细描述，本发明进一步的方面、实施方式和特征将会是容易明白的。
附图说明
在附图中，除非另外规定，否则贯穿多个附图相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件或元素。这些附图不一定是按照比例绘制的。应该理解，这些附图仅描绘了根据本发明公开的一些实施方式，而不应将其视为是对本发明范围的限制。
图1为现有纽扣电池卷绕电芯的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图3为本发明的正极片和负极片的安装示意图；
图4为本发明的极片的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的一个优选实施例中正极片与负极片的布置图；
图6为本发明的一个优选实施例中极片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上；术语“上、下、左、右、内、外、前端、后端、头部、尾部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明的简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图2所示，本发明提供的一种纽扣电池，其包括电池的壳体1，在壳体1内水平设置有多个正极片2和多个负极片3，各正极片2与各负极片3沿壳体1的轴向等间隔地层叠形成柱状电芯4，各正极片2通过第一集流体5与壳体1连接，各负极片3通过第二集流体6与壳体1连接。
如图3所示，为了控制纽扣电池的高度，将各正极片2与各负极片3穿插设置，即依照正极片2、负极片3、正极片2、负极片3……负极片3的方式层叠，从而使每一正极片2均能与相邻的负极片3相互作用，提高工作效率；
进一步地，各正极片2与各负极片3的数量相同，且需要保证层叠后形成的柱状电芯4的两端分别为一正极片2和一负极片3，即柱状电芯4的一端以正极片结束，另一端以负极片结束。
需要说明的是，正极片2和负极片3均至少为两片，同时，正极片2与负极片3的数量亦可不相同，只要保证层叠后形成的柱状电芯4的两端分别为一正极片2和一负极片3即可。
如图4所示，为了使正极片2和负极片3在工作中不会因为接触产生短路问题，可在每一正极片2与相邻的负极片3之间设置隔膜7。
在一个优选的实施例中，隔膜7可套置在各正极片2上或各负极片3上，从而完成隔膜7的固定，其中，当隔膜7全部套置在正极片2上时，则不需要再套置在各负极片3上，或当隔膜7全部套置在负极片3上时，则不需要再套置在各正极片2上。
在一个优选的实施例中，隔膜7还可夹设在每一正极片2与相邻负极片3的间隙中，需要说明的是，隔膜7的安装方式只要保证正极片2与负极片3不产生接触即可，不知限于上述两种方式。
如图3所示，为了降低纽扣电池的内阻，可在每一正极片2上设置有至少一个正极耳21，各正极片2的正极耳21汇集共同形成第一集流体5；每一负极 片3上设置有至少一个负极耳31，各负极片3的负极耳31汇集共同形成第二集流体6。
为了在安装时正极片2的正极耳21与负极片3的负极耳31不产生干涉，造成短路，可将正极片2与负极片3的形状设置为圆形、多边形或弓形；
在一个优选的实施例中，当正极片2与负极片3均采用圆形时，正极片2与负极片3层叠时不能完全重合，需要相错布置，使正极片2连接有正极耳21的一侧边缘远离相对应的负极片2的边缘，使负极片3连接有负极耳31的一侧边缘远离相对应的正极片3的边缘(如图5所示)；
在一个优选的实施例中，当正极片2与负极片3均采用多边形时，正极片2与负极片3层叠时不能完全重合，需要相错布置，使正极片2连接有正极耳21的一侧边缘远离相对应的负极片3的边缘，使负极片3连接有负极耳31的一侧边缘远离相对应的正极片2的边缘；
在一个优选的实施例中，当正极片2与负极片3均采用弓形结构时，即在圆形的边缘设置至少一个弦，形成优弧弓结构(如图6所示)，正极片2与负极片3可中心完全重合层叠，正极耳21设置在正极片2的弦处，负极耳31设置在负极片3的弦处，且层叠时正极片2的弦对应负极片3的优弧，负极片3的弦对应正极片2的优弧，从而避免了正极耳21与负极片3的干涉，负极耳31与正极片2的干涉；
需要说明的是，正极片2和负极片3可采用上述相同形状层叠，也可以分别采用上述三种形状进行混合层叠，只要保证正极片2与负极片3的极耳不产生干涉即可。
为了防止纽扣电池在过热时造成损坏，在壳体1的底部设置有能够对壳体1内部进行泄气的安全阀，安全阀包括设置在壳体1底部的至少一个通孔14，在通孔14内填充有的热熔性材料，该热熔性材料在-40～130℃范围内呈固态，当电池发热(由过充电、短路、高温环境或不正当使用等情况造成)到130℃以上时，纽扣电池内压增大，热熔性材料融化使密封的通孔14开启，壳体1内部的气体从通孔14中排除，实现电池的安全使用；
其中，热熔性材料可采用沥青、硫化橡胶、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛，聚碳酸酯，聚酰胺、丙烯酸类塑料、聚砜、聚苯醚、其它 聚烯烃及其共聚物等。
需要说明的是，通孔14的密封还可采用在壳体1内铺设一层覆盖在通孔14上的隔片，隔片与第一集流体5连接，其中，隔片可采用厚度在0.01-0.2mm之间的铝箔片，更优选的厚度在0.01～0.1mm之间，覆盖在通孔14处的铝箔片与壳体1的底部机械接触实现电流导出，由于壳体1的底部有通孔14，因此壳体1的底部不需要密封，当电池滥用而内压大时，气压会冲破该薄型铝箔片，使气体从通孔14泄出实现泄压。
更进一步的，为了便于铝箔片的固定，铝箔片的形状与壳体1的底面形状相匹配，隔片采用超声波或点焊焊接方式与第一集流体5连接。
在上述实施例中，在各正极片2和各负极片3上设置有可嵌入、脱嵌的二次锂离子电池活性材料，正极片2涂覆的活性材料为钴酸锂、钴镍锰酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸亚铁锂中的一种或多种；负极片3涂覆的活性材料为石墨、硅碳、钛酸锂中的一种或多种。
上述实施例中，第一集流体5和第二集流体6分别位于柱状电芯4的两侧，且第一集流体5与第二集流体6间的夹角大于0°，小于等于180°
上述实施例中，各正极耳21通过铝箔与壳体1连接，各负极耳31通过铜箔与壳体1连接。
上述实施例中，壳体1包括正极壳11和负极壳12，正极壳11与负极壳12通过密封圈13扣合连接(如图2所示)，其中，正极壳11和负极壳12采用金属材料制成。需要说明的是，正极壳11可为上壳体或下壳体，根据工作需要进行选择即可。
上述实施例中，隔膜7采用PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)或PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)隔膜。
在上述步骤中，第一集流体5和第二集流体6分别位于柱状电芯4的不同侧，且第一集流体5与第二集流体6间的夹角大于0°，小于等于180°，避免第一集流体与第二集流体接触产生干涉。
基于上述装置，本发明还包括一种纽扣电池制造方法，其包括以下步骤：
在正极片2和负极片3上分别涂覆活性材料，并通过间隔层叠的方式将各 正极片2和负极片3设置在壳体1中形成柱状电芯4；
将与各正极片2连接的第一集流体5通过铝箔与壳体1连接；
将与各负极片3连接的第二集流体6通过铜箔与壳体1连接；
在每一正极片2与相邻的负极片3间设置隔膜7；
对柱状电芯4套置密封圈，其中密封圈内部点胶或整体浸胶；
柱状电芯4烘烤并进行注液，封口，化成，分容等程序后完成制造。
在上述步骤中，各正极片2和各负极片3通过冲切或激光切方式制成，铝箔和铜箔通过超声焊或电阻焊方式与壳体1连接。
在上述步骤中，隔膜7表面设置涂胶，即在隔膜7表面涂覆聚合物材料，如聚偏氟乙烯，或，六氟丙烯和偏氟乙烯的共聚物，层叠后采用热压的工艺(温度50～100度，压力1～20kg/cm2，时间0.1～60分钟)，正极片2、负极片3以及隔膜7热合成为一整体结构，使柱状电芯结构更稳定不会散，层间距一致，使得本发明装置的内阻更低，电性能更好。
在上述步骤中，为了避免正极片2与负极片3导通后发生急性短路，在每一正极片2的正极耳21上涂抹绝缘胶水，从而避免各极耳21焊接弯折时与负极产生短路；
需要说明的是，绝缘胶水可以采用聚偏氟乙烯的NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)溶液或SBR(丁苯橡胶)溶液，涂抹厚度为单面0.001～0.01mm，绝缘胶水可涂抹在正极耳21的内侧面、两边或根部。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到其各种变化或替换，这些都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种纽扣电池，其特征在于，包括壳体，在所述壳体内设置有多个正极片和多个负极片，各所述正极片与各所述负极片间隔层叠形成柱状电芯，各所述正极片通过第一集流体与所述壳体连接，各所述负极片通过第二集流体与所述壳体连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，各所述正极片与各所述负极片穿插设置，用于使每一所述正极片能与相邻的所述负极片相互作用。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述正极片与所述负极片的数量相同，且所述柱状电芯的两端分别为一正极片和一负极片。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，每一所述正极片与相邻的所述负极片间设置有隔膜。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜套置在各所述正极片上或各所述负极片上。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜夹设在每一所述正极片与相邻所述负极片的间隙中。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，每一所述正极片上设置有至少一个正极耳，各所述正极耳汇集形成所述第一集流体；每一所述负极片上设置有至少一个负极耳，各所述负极耳汇集形成所述第二集流体。
  8. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述正极片和所述负极片为圆形、多边形或弓形结构。
  9. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，在各所述正极片和各所述负极片上设置有活性材料。
  10. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述第一集流体和第二集流体分别位于柱状电芯的不同侧，且所述第一集流体与所述第二集流体间的夹角大于0°，小于等于180°,避免所述第一集流体与所述第二集流体接触产生干涉。
  11. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，在所述壳体的底部设置有能够对所述壳体内部进行泄气的安全阀。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述安全阀包括至少一 个通孔以及填充在所述通孔中的热熔性材料。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述安全阀包括至少一个通孔，在所述壳体内设置有一层覆盖所述通孔的隔片，所述隔片与所述第一集流体连接。
  14. 一种纽扣电池制造方法，其特征在于，
    在正极片和负极片上分别涂覆活性材料，并通过间隔层叠的方式将各正极片和负极片设置在壳体中形成柱状电芯；
    将与各正极片连接的第一集流体通过铝箔与壳体连接；
    将与各负极片连接的第二集流体通过铜箔与壳体连接；
    在每一正极片与相邻的负极片间设置隔膜；
    对柱状电芯套置密封圈，其中密封圈内部点胶或整体浸胶；
    柱状电芯烘烤并进行注液，封口，化成，分容。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的纽扣电池制造方法，其特征在于，各正极片和各负极片通过冲切或激光切方式制成，铝箔和铜箔通过超声焊或电阻焊方式与壳体连接。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的纽扣电池制造方法，其特征在于，隔膜表面设置涂胶，采用热压工艺使隔膜与正极片和负极片热合成为一体结构。
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