WO2018062017A1 - 圧力測定用材料組成物、圧力測定用材料、及び圧力測定用材料セット - Google Patents
圧力測定用材料組成物、圧力測定用材料、及び圧力測定用材料セット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018062017A1 WO2018062017A1 PCT/JP2017/034219 JP2017034219W WO2018062017A1 WO 2018062017 A1 WO2018062017 A1 WO 2018062017A1 JP 2017034219 W JP2017034219 W JP 2017034219W WO 2018062017 A1 WO2018062017 A1 WO 2018062017A1
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- microcapsule
- pressure measurement
- color
- pressure
- median diameter
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- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002492 water-soluble polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
- B41M5/165—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components characterised by the use of microcapsules; Special solvents for incorporating the ingredients
- B41M5/1655—Solvents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/247—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0097—Dye preparations of special physical nature; Tablets, films, extrusion, microcapsules, sheets, pads, bags with dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0038—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pushing force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
- B41M5/132—Chemical colour-forming components; Additives or binders therefor
- B41M5/155—Colour-developing components, e.g. acidic compounds; Additives or binders therefor; Layers containing such colour-developing components, additives or binders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
- B41M5/165—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components characterised by the use of microcapsules; Special solvents for incorporating the ingredients
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0266—Marks, test patterns or identification means
- H05K1/0269—Marks, test patterns or identification means for visual or optical inspection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/04—Direct thermal recording [DTR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/38—Intermediate layers; Layers between substrate and imaging layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
- B41M5/44—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by the macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a pressure measurement material composition, a pressure measurement material, and a pressure measurement material set.
- the materials used for pressure measurement are used for applications such as liquid crystal glass bonding, solder printing on printed circuit boards, and pressure adjustment between rollers.
- a pressure measurement film represented by, for example, a prescale (trade name; registered trademark) provided by FUJIFILM Corporation.
- the measurable pressure range of the commercially available pressure measuring film that is, the pressure range where color development is obtained by pressurization is a range of 0.05 MPa or more, and in a weak pressure range below 0.05 MPa, The color gradation required for detection is insufficient, or even if color development is obtained, it is difficult to obtain the density gradation necessary for determining the pressure difference.
- a material with improved color density difference ⁇ D before and after pressurization at 0.05 MPa has been proposed, such as a pressure measurement material described in JP-A-2009-19949.
- a pressure measurement material described in JP-A-2009-19949.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and is a material composition for pressure measurement, which has excellent color developability and color granularity at a minute pressure of less than 0.05 MPa, and suppresses color development due to rubbing, pressure A measurement material and a pressure measurement material set are provided.
- the present disclosure includes the following aspects. ⁇ 1> A microcapsule A containing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor and a microcapsule B not containing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor, and a volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A and a microcapsule
- the volume standard median diameter D50B of B is a pressure measuring material having a color former layer satisfying the following formula 1.
- D50A ⁇ D50B Formula 1 ⁇ 2> The material for pressure measurement according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the median diameter D50A satisfies the following formula 2 and the median diameter D50B satisfies the following formula 3.
- the volume standard median diameter D50X of all particles contained in the color former layer is the material for pressure measurement according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> satisfying the following formula 4.
- 15 ⁇ m ⁇ D50X ⁇ 50 ⁇ m Formula 4 ⁇ 4> The material for pressure measurement according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the coefficient of variation of the particle size distribution of all particles contained in the color former layer is 35% to 150%.
- ⁇ 5> When color is developed, a concentration exceeding 0.02 is obtained as a concentration difference ⁇ D1 obtained by subtracting the concentration before pressure is applied from the concentration after applying pressure at 0.01 MPa ⁇ 1>
- ⁇ 6> A developer material having a developer layer containing an electron-accepting compound is placed on the color developer layer in such a manner that a developer layer having the same area as the color developer layer is brought into contact with the color developer layer and developed. Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, in which the density difference ⁇ D2 obtained by subtracting the density before rubbing from the color density after rubbing the color former layer 20 times with respect to the material is 0.02 or less The material for pressure measurement described in 1.
- ⁇ 7> The ratio of the number average wall thickness ⁇ A of the microcapsule A to the volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the ratio of the number average wall thickness ⁇ B of the microcapsule B to the volume standard median diameter D50B is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2
- ⁇ 8> The pressure measurement material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, comprising at least a support, and an easy adhesion layer and a color former layer arranged from the support side.
- microcapsule A includes two types of microcapsules having different volume standard median diameters D50A.
- the microcapsule A contains at least two kinds including a microcapsule A1 whose median diameter is D50A1 and a microcapsule A2 whose median diameter is D50A2.
- D50A1> D50A2 the ratio of the content of the microcapsule A1 to the content of the microcapsule A2 is 100/1 to 100/150 on a mass basis, and any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 9>
- ⁇ 11> Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>, wherein the content of the microcapsules A and B in the color former layer is 80% by mass to 97% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the color former layer
- ⁇ 12> A pressure measurement material set comprising the pressure measurement material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11> and a color development material having a color developer layer containing an electron-accepting compound. .
- a microcapsule A encapsulating an electron-donating colorless dye precursor and a microcapsule B not encapsulating an electron-donating colorless dye precursor, and a volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A;
- the volume standard median diameter D50B of the microcapsule B is a material composition for pressure measurement that satisfies the following formula 1.
- D50A ⁇ D50B Formula 1 ⁇ 14> The material composition for pressure measurement according to ⁇ 13>, wherein the median diameter D50A satisfies the following formula 2 and the median diameter D50B satisfies the following formula 3.
- a pressure measurement material composition, a pressure measurement material, and a pressure measurement material that have excellent color developability at a minute pressure of less than 0.05 MPa and that suppress color development due to rubbing. A set is provided.
- the notation “to” described in the present specification indicates a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a minimum value and a maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of another numerical range described.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the values shown in the examples.
- the amount of each component in the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, they exist in the composition unless otherwise specified. It means the total amount of multiple substances. In the present specification, a combination of preferred embodiments is a more preferred embodiment.
- the pressure measurement material of the present disclosure includes a microcapsule A encapsulating an electron donating colorless dye precursor and a microcapsule B not encapsulating an electron donating colorless dye precursor, and the volume standard median of the microcapsule A
- the diameter D50A and the volume standard median diameter D50B of the microcapsule B have a color former layer satisfying the following formula 1.
- the pressure measurement material of the present disclosure may have other layers such as a support and an easy-adhesion layer as necessary in addition to the color former layer. D50A ⁇ D50B Formula 1
- the pressure measurement material of the present disclosure is used in combination with a material (developer material) having a developer layer containing a developer that develops an electron donating colorless dye precursor that is a color developing component in the color developer layer. .
- the pressure measurement material and the developer material of the present disclosure are overlapped by bringing the color developer layer of the pressure measurement material and the developer layer of the developer material into contact with each other, for example, It is used by installing it at the site to be measured that provides surface pressure. For example, when the surface pressure is applied, if the applied surface pressure is not uniform over the entire surface, the color is developed to a density corresponding to the pressure, and an image having a density gradation is obtained.
- the color developing layer including the microcapsule A encapsulating the electron-donating colorless dye precursor as the color developing component has a diameter larger than that of the microcapsule A, and The microcapsule B that does not contain the coloring component is mixed.
- the median diameter of the volume standard of the microcapsule is the sum of the volume of the particles on the large diameter side and the small diameter side when the entire microcapsule is divided into two with a particle diameter at which the cumulative volume is 50% as a threshold value.
- the diameter (D50) at which the amount is equal is equal.
- the median diameter of the volume standard of the microcapsule A is equivalent to the sum of the volume of particles between the two when the microcapsule A is divided into two with the particle diameter at which the cumulative volume is 50% as a threshold value. It refers to the particle size (D50A).
- the median diameter of the volume standard of all particles contained in the color former layer is determined by dividing the particle group including the microcapsules into two when the particle diameter at which the cumulative volume is 50% is divided into two as threshold values. This refers to the particle diameter (D50X) in which the total volume is equal, and includes the particle distribution of microcapsules and other particles other than microcapsules.
- the median diameter of the volume standard is the size of all microcapsules in the range of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm when the surface of the coating film formed after coating the microcapsule solution on a support and photographing with a light microscope at 150 ⁇ magnification. Is a value calculated by measuring.
- the pressure measurement material of one embodiment of the present invention has at least one color former layer.
- the color former layer contains at least one kind of microcapsule A enclosing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor and at least one kind of microcapsule B not containing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor.
- other components may be included.
- the color former layer has a median diameter larger than that of microcapsule A (D50A ⁇ D50B) in addition to microcapsule A that contributes to color development when pressure is applied, and does not enclose an electron-donating colorless dye precursor under pressure.
- D50A ⁇ D50B a median diameter larger than that of microcapsule A
- the microcapsule B that does not develop color
- the microcapsule B is broken first to prevent destruction of the microcapsule A, so that the color developability is kept low. Thereby, unnecessary color development due to rubbing or the like is suppressed.
- the microcapsule B preferably contains a solvent or the like as an oil component. When an unplanned minute pressure is applied, the microcapsule B breaks before the microcapsule A and the microcapsule A is destroyed.
- the oil component in the microcapsule B is in a state of being spread in the surface direction of the color developer layer and the developer layer, the reactivity of the color developing component with the developer when the microcapsule A breaks and develops color
- the color development sensitivity is improved. Thereby, it is possible to reproduce density gradation corresponding to a wide pressure range while being excellent in color developability at a minute pressure while suppressing unnecessary color development at a minute pressure due to rubbing or the like.
- the microcapsules A and B contained in the color former layer satisfy the relationship of the following formula 1.
- D50A ⁇ D50B Formula 1 In Equation 1, D50A represents the volume standard median diameter of the microcapsule A, and D50B represents the volume standard median diameter of the microcapsule B.
- D50A is smaller than D50B, color development at a minute pressure during handling such as rubbing (rubbing) can be suppressed.
- any of the microcapsules A has a D50A smaller than D50B.
- the volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A satisfies the following formula 2
- the volume standard median diameter D50B of the microcapsule B satisfies the following formula 3.
- it is. 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D50A ⁇ 40 ⁇ m Formula 2
- each of the microcapsules A and B has the above particle diameter, unnecessary color development due to rubbing or the like can be more effectively prevented. Specifically, when D50A is less than 40 ⁇ m, color developability does not become too high, and color development due to rubbing or the like can be more effectively suppressed. On the other hand, if D50A is larger than 10 ⁇ m, the difference from D50B does not become too large, and therefore the CV value described later does not become too large, so that coating unevenness does not easily occur when the color former layer is applied and dried. Specifically, when the color former layer is applied and dried, uneven density due to drying hardly occurs.
- D50B when D50B is less than 150 ⁇ m, the CV value described later does not become too large, the density gradation becomes good, and the occurrence of uneven coating is further suppressed. If D50B is larger than 40 ⁇ m, the difference from D50A can be maintained, and color development due to rubbing or the like can be more effectively prevented.
- the coefficient of variation (CV value; hereinafter also referred to as CV value) of the particle size distribution of all particles contained in the color former layer is preferably 35% to 150%.
- CV value is preferably 40% to 110%, more preferably 40% to 80%.
- the CV value represents the relative variation of the particles of the color former layer, and is a value obtained from the following.
- CV value (%) standard deviation / arithmetic mean particle size ⁇ 100
- the arithmetic average particle diameter and the standard deviation are values calculated by photographing the surface of the color former layer at 150 times with an optical microscope and measuring the sizes of all the microcapsules in the range of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm.
- the number average wall thickness ⁇ A of the microcapsules A depends on various conditions such as the type of capsule wall material and the capsule diameter, but is 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.00 mm in that it can be broken at a pressure below 0.05 MPa. 15 ⁇ m is preferable, and 0.02 ⁇ m to 0.10 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the number average wall thickness ⁇ B of the microcapsules B also depends on various conditions such as the type of capsule wall material and the capsule diameter, but is 0.05 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m is preferable, and 0.07 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the wall thickness of the microcapsule refers to the thickness ( ⁇ m) of the resin film (so-called capsule wall) that forms the capsule particles of the microcapsule, and the number average wall thickness refers to the thickness of the individual capsule wall of the five microcapsules.
- the ratio ( ⁇ A / D50A) of the number average wall thickness ⁇ A of the microcapsule A to the volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 . It is preferable.
- the ratio of ⁇ A / D50A is within the above range, the balance between the capsule size and the capsule wall thickness is good, and the capsule wall thickness is too thin and there are few concerns such as leakage of capsule inclusions over time, The color developability is excellent in a minute pressure range below 0.05 MPa.
- the ratio of ⁇ A / D50A is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more, destruction due to rubbing or the like is not easily caused, unnecessary color development is suppressed, and density gradation is excellent. Further, when the ratio of ⁇ A / D50A is 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or less, the effect of suppressing color development due to rubbing or the like is excellent, and the wall thickness with respect to the particle size is not too large, and thus the density gradation property is excellent. It will be a thing.
- the ratio of ⁇ A / D50A is more preferably 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the ratio of the number average wall thickness ⁇ B of the microcapsule B to the volume standard median diameter D50B of the microcapsule B is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 .
- the ratio of ⁇ B / D50B is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more, it is advantageous in that the capsule structure can be easily maintained in the manufacturing process of the pressure measurement material and an excellent density gradation can be obtained.
- the ratio of ⁇ B / D50B is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 or less, the property of breaking when a minute pressure due to rubbing or the like is applied is maintained, and color development at a minute pressure of less than 0.05 MPa is achieved. Excellent in properties.
- the ratio of ⁇ B / D50B is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the pressure measurement material according to an embodiment of the present invention has a concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration before pressure is applied from the concentration after applying pressure at 0.01 MPa when color is developed in combination with a developer material.
- ⁇ D1 it is preferable that a concentration in a range exceeding 0.02 is obtained.
- the concentration difference before and after pressurization at a pressure of 0.01 MPa is a concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration before applying pressure at 0.01 MPa from the concentration after applying pressure at 0.01 MPa to cause color development.
- ⁇ D1 developed from the color former layer exceeds 0.02, the color former layer in one embodiment of the present invention can be visually recognized or read when a minute pressure less than 0.05 MPa is applied. High density and density gradation can be reproduced.
- ⁇ D1 is preferably as large as possible, more preferably 0.05 or more, and still more preferably 0.1 or more.
- the color density is a value measured using a densitometer RD-19 (manufactured by Gretag Macbeth). The same applies to the following.
- a developer material having a developer layer containing an electron-accepting compound is stacked on the color developer layer with the developer layer having the same area as that of the color developer layer being brought into contact with the color developer layer.
- the density difference ( ⁇ D2) obtained by subtracting the density before rubbing from the color density after rubbing the color former layer 20 times with respect to the material is preferably suppressed to 0.02 or less. More preferably, it is suppressed to less than 0.02.
- ⁇ D2 is 0.02 or less, color development reaching a density that can be visually recognized or read by rubbing or the like can be suppressed to a small extent.
- ⁇ D2 is preferably as small as possible, more preferably 0.01 or less, and even more preferably zero (that is, no color development).
- the volume standard median diameter D50X of all particles contained in the color former layer preferably satisfies the following formula 4.
- the total particles contained in the color former layer include particles other than microcapsules in addition to microcapsules.
- the particles other than the microcapsules include a pigment or the like, for example, pigment particles or the like are also included. 15 ⁇ m ⁇ D50X ⁇ 50 ⁇ m Formula 4
- D50X when D50X is larger than 15 ⁇ m, it is more advantageous in that a color density that can be visually recognized even at a minute pressure of 0.01 MPa is exhibited. Further, when D50X is smaller than 50 ⁇ m, it is more advantageous in that unnecessary color development due to rubbing or the like is suppressed and an effective density gradation is expressed.
- the microcapsule A encloses an electron-donating colorless dye precursor that is a color forming component, preferably encapsulates a solvent, and may further encapsulate an auxiliary solvent, an additive, and the like as necessary.
- the microcapsule A contains at least one electron donating colorless dye precursor as a color forming component.
- the electron-donating colorless dye precursor a known one can be used in the application of pressure-sensitive copying paper or heat-sensitive recording paper.
- Various compounds such as spiropyran compounds and fluorene compounds can be used.
- JP-A-5-257272 The electron donating colorless dye precursors may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the electron donating colorless dye precursor enhances the color developability in a minute pressure range below 0.05 MPa, and develops a high concentration at a minute pressure, that is, a concentration change corresponding to a wide pressure range (that is, a concentration gradient). Therefore, those having a high molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) are preferable.
- the molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor is preferably 10000 mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ L or more, more preferably 15000 mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ L or more, Further, it is preferably 25000 mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ L or more.
- One or more electron-donating colorless dye precursors having a molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) in the above range, or two or more containing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor having a molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) in the above range Is used as a mixture, the ratio of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor having a molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) of 10,000 mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ L or more to the total amount of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor is: From the viewpoint of enhancing the color developability in a minute pressure range below 0.05 MPa and expressing a change in concentration (that is, a concentration gradient) over a wide pressure range, the range of 10% by mass to 100% by mass is preferable, and 20% by mass.
- the range of ⁇ 100% by mass is more preferable, and the range of 30% by mass to 100% by mass is more preferable.
- the content (for example, coating amount) of the electron donating colorless dye precursor in the color former layer is 0.1 g / m 2 in terms of mass after drying from the viewpoint of enhancing the color developability in a minute pressure range below 0.05 MPa.
- -5 g / m 2 is preferable, 0.1 g / m 2 to 4 g / m 2 is more preferable, and 0.2 g / m 2 to 3 g / m 2 is more preferable.
- the microcapsule A preferably includes at least one kind of solvent.
- the solvent those known for pressure-sensitive copying paper can be used.
- alkylnaphthalene compounds such as diisopropylnaphthalene, diarylalkane compounds such as 1-phenyl-1-xylylethane, alkyl such as isopropylbiphenyl, and the like.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as biphenyl compounds, triarylmethane compounds, alkylbenzene compounds, benzylnaphthalene compounds, diarylalkylene compounds, arylindane compounds; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dibutyl phthalate and isoparaffins, soybean oil, Examples include natural animal and vegetable oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, and fish oil, and natural products such as high-boiling fractions such as mineral oil.
- the mass ratio of the solvent and the electron donating dye precursor (solvent: precursor) encapsulated in the microcapsule A is preferably in the range of 98: 2 to 30:70 in terms of color development, and 97: 3
- the range of ⁇ 40: 60 is more preferred, and the range of 95: 5 to 50:50 is even more preferred.
- the microcapsule A may include an auxiliary solvent as necessary.
- the auxiliary solvent include solvents having a boiling point of 130 ° C. or less, and examples include ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, ester compounds such as ethyl acetate, alcohol compounds such as isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
- the microcapsule A may contain an additive as necessary, in addition to the electron-donating colorless dye precursor, the solvent, and the auxiliary solvent.
- the additive include an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, a wax, and an odor inhibitor.
- the content of the microcapsule A in the color former layer is preferably 50% by mass to 80% by mass, and 60% by mass to 75% by mass with respect to the total solid mass of the color former layer. % Is more preferable.
- the microcapsule B is a capsule that does not include an electron-donating colorless dye precursor that is a color developing component, and preferably includes a solvent as an oil component, and further includes an auxiliary solvent, an additive, and the like as necessary. May be.
- the microcapsule B does not include the electron-donating colorless dye precursor means that the microcapsule B does not substantially include the electron-donating colorless dye precursor. Means that the amount of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor encapsulated in is less than 5% by mass, preferably 0 (zero)% by mass, based on the total mass of the encapsulated material.
- the electron donating colorless dye precursor to be included is selected from the electron donating colorless dye precursor that can be included in the microcapsule A. be able to.
- the microcapsule B is formed into capsule properties such as the composition of the capsule wall material, the manufacturing conditions, the capsule wall thickness, the particle size, etc., similar to the microcapsule A, except that the electron donating colorless dye precursor is not included. Can do.
- the components such as the solvent, auxiliary solvent, and additive that can be included in the microcapsule B can be selected from the same components as the solvent, auxiliary solvent, additive, and the like that can be included in the microcapsule A.
- the microcapsule B may be included as a microcapsule having a different composition, capsule properties and production conditions from the microcapsule A, in addition to not encapsulating the electron-donating colorless dye precursor.
- the content of the microcapsule B in the color former layer (that is, the amount applied in the case of coating) is preferably 5% by mass to 35% by mass with respect to the total solid mass of the color former layer, and is preferably 10% by mass to 30%. More preferably, it is more preferably 10% by weight to 25% by weight.
- the color former layer may contain two or more kinds of microcapsules A having different median diameters, and may contain two or more kinds of microcapsules B having different median diameters.
- the number of large-sized microcapsules that are destroyed decreases as the pressure increases, and then the small-sized microcapsules break down and develop color, so that the pressure is high
- the color density in the region is improved, and as a result, the pressure measurement material becomes more excellent in the density gradation in the high density region.
- the thickness of the color former layer (when the microcapsule diameter is larger than the layer thickness, the thickness excluding the microcapsules exposed from the layer surface) is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m to 0.07 ⁇ m.
- the color former layer can be formed by preparing a pressure measuring material composition and forming a film.
- the color former layer may be formed, for example, by applying a pressure measurement material composition (preparation liquid for forming a color former layer) on a support by a method such as coating and drying.
- the microcapsules contained in the color former layer may be obtained as a dispersion as described above.
- the obtained microcapsule dispersion may be used as it is as a pressure-measuring material composition for forming a color former layer containing an electron-donating colorless dye precursor (preparation liquid for forming a color former layer; for example, a coating liquid). .
- the material composition for pressure measurement is obtained by adding a water-soluble polymer binder (for example, a fine powder of starch or starch derivative, a buffering agent such as cellulose fiber powder, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.) to the obtained microcapsule dispersion.
- a water-soluble polymer binder for example, a fine powder of starch or starch derivative, a buffering agent such as cellulose fiber powder, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
- Hydrophobic polymer binder eg, vinyl acetate, acrylic, styrene / butadiene copolymer latex, etc.
- surfactant eg, inorganic particles (eg, silica particles), fluorescent whitening agent, antifoaming agent, It may be prepared by adding a penetrating agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a preservative and the like.
- the surfactant used in the color former layer examples include sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate that is an anionic surfactant (for example, Neogen T of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and polyion that is a nonionic surfactant.
- anionic surfactant for example, Neogen T of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
- polyion that is a nonionic surfactant examples include oxyalkylene lauryl ether (for example, Neugen LP70 from Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.).
- silica particles used in the color former layer examples include gas phase method silica and colloidal silica.
- gas phase method silica As an example of a commercially available product, the Snowtex (registered trademark) series (for example, Snowtex 30) of Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the microcapsules A and B contained in the pressure measurement material composition for forming the color former layer satisfy the relationship of the following formula 1.
- D50A represents the volume standard median diameter of the microcapsule A
- D50B represents the volume standard median diameter of the microcapsule B.
- the microcapsules A and B satisfying the above formula 1 further have a volume standard median diameter D50A of the microcapsule A satisfying the following formula 2, and the microcapsule B It is preferable that the median diameter D50B of the volume standard satisfies the following formula 3. 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D50A ⁇ 40 ⁇ m Formula 2 40 ⁇ m ⁇ D50B ⁇ 150 ⁇ m Formula 3 Since each of the microcapsules A and B has the above particle diameter, unnecessary color development due to rubbing or the like can be more effectively prevented.
- the details are as described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- the ratio of the content of microcapsule A to the content of microcapsule B (capsule A / capsule B) contained in the pressure measurement material composition for forming the color former layer is 100/5 to It is preferable that it is 100/50.
- the microcapsule A is included in the same amount or more with respect to the microcapsule B, the balance between the color developability with respect to minute pressure and the effect of suppressing color development with respect to the minute pressure given during handling such as rubbing Can do.
- the ratio is more preferably 100/10 to 100/40, and still more preferably 100/15 to 100/35 on a mass basis.
- the material composition for pressure measurement has a volume standard median diameter D50X of all contained particles satisfying the following formula 4, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size distribution of all contained particles: (CV value) is preferably 35% to 150%.
- the total particles contained in the material composition for pressure measurement include particles other than microcapsules in addition to microcapsules. When particles other than microcapsules contain, for example, pigments, pigment particles and the like are also included. 15 ⁇ m ⁇ D50X ⁇ 50 ⁇ m Formula 4 The effect of mixing the microcapsules B having a larger particle diameter than the microcapsules A encapsulating the color developing component, that is, rubbing, etc., because the entire particles contained in the pressure measurement material composition are in the above particle diameter range.
- the effect of suppressing unnecessary color development due to is more effective.
- the particle distribution in the color former layer, particularly the relative dispersion of the microcapsules is small, so that the balance between the color developability to a minute pressure and the color development preventive property due to rubbing is excellent. It will be.
- the CV value is preferably 40% to 110%, more preferably 40% to 80%.
- the pressure measurement material composition includes two or more types of microcapsules having different volume standard median diameters (D50A) as the microcapsules A is also suitable.
- D50A includes two or more different types of microcapsules
- the color of the microcapsules is broken in order starting from the microcapsules with larger diameters, and then the number of large-sized microcapsules that are broken decreases as the pressure increases, followed by the smaller diameter.
- the microcapsules break down and develop color. Therefore, the color density in the region on the higher pressure side is improved. Thereby, a pressure measurement material superior in density gradation in a high density region can be obtained.
- the composition containing at least two kinds including the microcapsule A1 having a median diameter of D50A1 and the microcapsule A2 having a median diameter of D50A2 as the microcapsules A having different volume standard median diameters (D50A) When the median diameters of the microcapsule A1 and the microcapsule A2 satisfy the following formula, D50A1> D50A2
- the ratio (A1 / A2) of the content of the microcapsule A1 to the content of the microcapsule A2 in the color former layer is preferably 100/1 to 100/150, more preferably 100 / It is 25 to 100/100, more preferably 100/40 to 100/70.
- the content ratio (A1 / A2) in the case of satisfying the above inequality is within the above range, the density gradation is more excellent.
- the total content of the microcapsule A and the microcapsule B in the color former layer is 80% by mass to 97% by mass with respect to the total solid mass of the color former layer. Is preferred.
- the content of the microcapsules A and B is within the above range, the amount of other components present around the macrocapsules is reduced, and the microcapsules are easily broken when subjected to pressure. But it will be easier to develop colors.
- the median diameter of the volume standard of the microcapsule A and microcapsule B is also reduced, and as a result, the graininess when color is developed can be suppressed to a low level. Thereby, even when measuring within a narrow pressure range, it is possible to measure accurately.
- the content of the microcapsules A and B is 80% by mass or more, the sensitivity to pressure becomes better. Moreover, it is easy to ensure the adhesiveness of a microcapsule and a base material as content of the microcapsule A and the microcapsule B is 98 mass% or less.
- the total content of the microcapsules A and B is more preferably 85% by mass to 96% by mass, and still more preferably 85% by mass to 95% by mass.
- the application can be performed by a known application method.
- the coating method include a coating method using an air knife coater, rod coater, bar coater, curtain coater, gravure coater, extrusion coater, die coater, slide bead coater, blade coater and the like.
- the pressure measurement material of one embodiment of the present invention preferably has at least a support, and an easy adhesion layer and a color former layer arranged from the support side.
- the easy adhesion layer is preferably provided in order to improve the adhesion between the support and the color former layer.
- the easy adhesion layer further suppresses the microcapsules from electrostatically interacting with the easy adhesion layer (for example, hydrogen bonding) and agglomeration when the composition containing the microcapsules is applied and dried. effective. Thereby, when measuring a pressure, the effect that a microcapsule is destroyed by a minute pressure is improved.
- the easy adhesion layer may be a layer containing urethane polymer, blocked isocyanate and the like.
- the thickness of the easy adhesion layer is preferably 0.005 ⁇ m to 0.2 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the support may have any shape such as a sheet shape, a film shape, or a plate shape. Specific examples of the support include paper, plastic film, and synthetic paper.
- plastic film examples include a polyester film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, a cellulose derivative film such as cellulose triacetate, a polyolefin film such as polypropylene and polyethylene, and a polystyrene film.
- synthetic paper examples include polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate biaxially stretched to form a large number of microvoids (Yupo, etc.), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, etc. And the like laminated on a part of paper, one side or both sides.
- a plastic film and synthetic paper are preferable, and a plastic film is more preferable.
- the pressure measurement material according to an embodiment of the present invention is used as one sheet of a so-called two-sheet type material in which a microcapsule enclosing a coloring component and a developer are provided on separate substrates.
- a pressure measuring material having a color former layer containing a microcapsule enclosing a color developing component on a substrate, a developer material having a developer layer containing a developer on the substrate have.
- the pressure measurement is performed in such a manner that the pressure measurement material and the developer material are overlapped with the surface of the color developer layer of the material for pressure measurement and the surface of the developer layer of the developer material in contact with each other.
- it can be performed by placing and pressurizing the pressure or pressure distribution at the site to be measured.
- Pressurization can be performed by applying pressure (point pressure, linear pressure, surface pressure, etc.) with a point, a line, or a surface by an arbitrary method.
- pressure point pressure, linear pressure, surface pressure, etc.
- the difference in color density that is, the density difference
- the difference pressure is captured. This is effective when difficult surface pressure is applied.
- the pressure measurement material set according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the pressure measurement material according to one embodiment of the present invention described above and a developer material having a developer layer containing an electron accepting compound. It is a sheet type material.
- the pressure measurement material set according to an embodiment of the present invention may include other materials as necessary in addition to the pressure measurement material and the developer material.
- the developer material has a developer layer containing an electron-accepting compound that is a developer that develops a color developing component contained in the color developer layer of the pressure measuring material.
- the color developer material preferably has at least a support and a color developer layer.
- the developer layer contains at least an electron-accepting compound that is a developer, and may contain other components such as a binder, a pigment, and an additive as necessary.
- Examples of the electron-accepting compound include inorganic compounds and organic compounds.
- Specific examples of the inorganic compound include acidic clay, activated clay, attapulgite, zeolite, bentonite, clay material such as kaolin, and the like.
- Specific examples of the organic compound include metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, phenol formaldehyde resins, metal salts of carboxylated terpene phenol resins, and the like.
- acidic clay, activated clay, zeolite, kaolin, metal salt of aromatic carboxylic acid, metal salt of carboxylated terpene phenol resin are preferable, acidic clay, activated clay, kaolin, aromatic carboxylic acid More preferably, it is a metal salt.
- metal salt of aromatic carboxylic acid examples include 3,5-di-t-butylsalicylic acid, 3,5-di-t-octylsalicylic acid, 3,5-di-t-nonylsalicylic acid, 3,5 -Di-t-dodecylsalicylic acid, 3-methyl-5-t-dodecylsalicylic acid, 3-t-dodecylsalicylic acid, 5-t-dodecylsalicylic acid, 5-cyclohexylsalicylic acid, 3,5-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl ) Salicylic acid, 3-methyl-5- ( ⁇ -methylbenzyl) salicylic acid, 3- ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) -5-methylsalicylic acid, 3- ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) -6-methylsalicylic acid, 3 -( ⁇ -methylbenzyl) -5- ( ⁇ , ⁇ - ⁇ -
- the content of electron-accepting compound in the color developer layer (case of coating the coating weight), 0.1g / m 2 ⁇ 30g / m 2 is preferable in dry weight.
- Content when the electron-accepting compound is an inorganic compound, more preferably, on a dry weight was 3g / m 2 ⁇ 20g / m 2, more preferably 5g / m 2 ⁇ 15g / m 2.
- the developer layer can be formed by preparing and forming a preparation liquid for forming the developer layer.
- the developer layer may be formed, for example, by applying a preparation solution for forming a developer layer on a support by a method such as coating and drying.
- the preparation liquid for forming the developer layer may be a dispersion liquid in which an electron accepting compound is dispersed in water or the like.
- the dispersion liquid in which the electron-accepting compound is dispersed can be prepared by mechanically dispersing the inorganic compound in water when the electron-accepting compound is an inorganic compound, and the electron-accepting compound is an organic compound. In some cases, it can be prepared by mechanically dispersing the organic compound in water or dissolving it in an organic solvent.
- the method described in JP-A-8-207435 can be referred to.
- the obtained dispersion liquid of the electron-accepting compound may be used as a preparation liquid (for example, a coating liquid) for forming a developer layer for forming a developer layer containing the electron-accepting compound as it is.
- a preparation liquid for example, a coating liquid
- the developer layer can contain binders, pigments, and additives such as fluorescent brighteners, antifoaming agents, penetrating agents, and preservatives.
- binder examples include styrene-butadiene copolymer latex, vinyl acetate latex, acrylic ester latex, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer, starch, casein, gum arabic, and gelatin. And synthetic or natural polymer substances such as carboxymethylcellulose and methylcellulose.
- Examples of the pigment include kaolin, calcined kaolin, kaolin aggregate, heavy calcium carbonate, and light carbonates in various forms (for example, rice granule, prismatic shape, spindle shape, squid shape, spherical shape, aragonite columnar shape and amorphous shape).
- Examples include calcium, talc, rutile, or anatase type titanium dioxide.
- the coating can be performed by a known coating method, and the same coating method as that for forming the color former layer described above. Can be applied.
- Example 1 Preparation of electron-donating colorless dye precursor-encapsulated microcapsule solution (A)- 20 parts of the following compound (A), which is an electron-donating colorless dye precursor, was dissolved in 57 parts of linear alkylbenzene (JX Energy Co., Ltd., Grade Alkene L) to obtain Solution A.
- the median diameter (D50A) in the volume standard of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor-encapsulated microcapsules (A) was 30 ⁇ m.
- the number average wall thickness was 0.054 ⁇ m, and ⁇ A / D50A was 1.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the median diameter (D50A) is obtained after applying the microcapsule solution onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Cosmo Shine (registered trademark) A4300) with an easy adhesion layer as a support and drying.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the surface of the coated film was photographed at 150 ⁇ with an optical microscope, and the size of all the microcapsules in the range of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm was measured and calculated.
- the number average wall thickness is obtained by preparing a cross section of the coating film, selecting 5 microcapsules from the cross section, and obtaining the thickness ( ⁇ m) of each capsule wall with a scanning electron microscope (SEM
- the median diameter (D50B) in the volume standard of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor non-encapsulated microcapsules (B) was 55 ⁇ m.
- the number average wall thickness was 0.24 ⁇ m, and ⁇ B / D50B was 4.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the median diameter (D50B) and the number average wall thickness were calculated by the same method as D50A.
- developer sheet (1) The average particle diameter of all the particles was measured by using 10 parts of zinc acceptor 3,5-di- ⁇ -methylbenzylsalicylate, 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate and 200 parts of water using a sand grinder. Was dispersed to prepare a dispersion. Next, 100 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-203, Kuraray Co., Ltd.), 10 parts of styrene-butadiene latex as a solid content, and 450 parts of water are added to the prepared dispersion, and an electron accepting compound is added. A coating solution containing a developer (developer-containing preparation solution) was prepared.
- a coating solution containing an electron-accepting compound is coated on a 75 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet so that the solid coating amount is 4.0 g / m 2 and dried to form a developer layer.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Examples 2 to 50, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 A two-sheet type comprising a dye precursor sheet and a developer sheet in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the microcapsule solution and the color former layer were changed as shown in Tables 1 to 3 in Example 1. A material set for pressure measurement was prepared.
- the dye precursor sheet (1) and the developer sheet (1) are each cut into a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm, and the dye precursor sheet (1) and the developer sheet (1) are The surface of the color former layer of the dye precursor sheet (1) and the surface of the developer layer of the developer sheet (1) were brought into contact with each other and superposed. Both the superposed sheets were sandwiched between two glass plates having a smooth surface and placed on a desk, and a weight was placed on the glass plate, so that pressure was applied at a pressure of 0.03 MPa to develop a color. Thereafter, the two superimposed sheets were peeled off, and the color development surface of the color developer sheet (1) was visually observed and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. ⁇ Evaluation criteria> 3: The graininess on the color development surface is very small. 2: Although there is some graininess on the color development surface, there is no problem in practical use. 1: The graininess on the color development surface is clearly large.
- Comparative Example 2 which does not contain the electron donating colorless dye precursor non-encapsulated microcapsule liquid (B) containing no color forming component
- the capsule size is small, there is no color development due to rubbing, but color developability at a minute pressure. As a result, the color tone was poor.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 5 since two types of microcapsules encapsulating the coloring component are contained and no electron-donating colorless dye precursor non-encapsulating microcapsules containing no coloring component are contained, coloring due to rubbing is not suppressed.
- Comparative Example 6 contains electron-donating colorless dye precursor non-encapsulated microcapsules that do not contain a color forming component
- D50B of the electron-donating colorless dye precursor non-encapsulated microcapsules is an electron-donating colorless dye precursor. Since the size is equal to or smaller than D50A of the microcapsule, the function as a sacrificial material is poor, and color development due to rubbing could not be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
つまり、0.05MPaを下回る圧力範囲において良好に発色し、かつ、微小な圧力差に対応した発色(すなわち濃度階調)が得られ、かつ、擦れ等によって不要な発色を抑えることができる技術の確立が望まれている。
<1> 電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルA及び電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないマイクロカプセルBを含有し、かつ、マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aと、マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bと、が下記式1を満たす発色剤層を有する圧力測定用材料である。
D50A<D50B 式1
<2> 上記のメジアン径D50Aが下記式2を満たし、かつ、上記のメジアン径D50Bが下記式3を満たす<1>に記載の圧力測定用材料である。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3
<3> 発色剤層に含まれる全粒子の体積標準のメジアン径D50Xが、下記式4を満たす<1>又は<2>に記載の圧力測定用材料である。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4
<4> 発色剤層に含まれる全粒子の粒径分布の変動係数が、35%~150%である<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<6> 発色剤層の上に、電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料を、発色剤層と同一面積の顕色剤層を発色剤層に接触させて重ね、顕色材料に対して発色剤層を20回反復運動させて擦過させた後の発色濃度から擦過前の濃度を減じた濃度差ΔD2が0.02以下である<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<7> マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aに対する、マイクロカプセルAの数平均壁厚δAの比が1.0×10-3~4.0×10-3であり、マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bに対する、マイクロカプセルBの数平均壁厚δBの比が、1.0×10-3~1.5×10-2である<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<8> 少なくとも、支持体と、支持体側から配置された易接着層及び発色剤層と、を有する<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<9> マイクロカプセルAとして、体積標準のメジアン径D50Aが異なる二種のマイクロカプセルを含む<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<10> マイクロカプセルAとして、メジアン径がD50A1であるマイクロカプセルA1及びメジアン径がD50A2であるマイクロカプセルA2を含む少なくとも二種を含有し、
D50A1>D50A2の関係を満たす場合、マイクロカプセルA2の含有量に対するマイクロカプセルA1の含有量の比が、質量基準で100/1~100/150である<1>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<11> 発色剤層中におけるマイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの含有量が、発色剤層の全固形分に対して、80質量%~97質量%である<1>~<10>のいずれかに1つに記載の圧力測定用材料である。
<12> <1>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料と、電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料と、を含む圧力測定用材料セットである。
D50A<D50B 式1
<14> メジアン径D50Aが下記式2を満たし、メジアン径D50Bが下記式3を満たす<13>に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物である。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3
<15> マイクロカプセルBの含有量に対するマイクロカプセルAの含有量の比が、質量基準で100/5~100/50である<13>又は<14>に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物である。
<16> 組成物に含まれる全粒子の体積標準のメジアン径D50Xが下記式4を満たし、かつ、組成物に含まれる全粒子の粒径分布の変動係数が35%~150%である<13>~<15>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料組成物である。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4
<17> マイクロカプセルAとして、体積標準のメジアン径D50Aが異なる二種のマイクロカプセルを含む<13>~<16>のいずれか1つに記載の圧力測定用材料組成物である。
本明細書に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本明細書に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
また、本明細書中において、組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に相当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において、好ましい態様の組み合わせは、より好ましい態様である。
本開示の圧力測定用材料は、電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルA及び電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないマイクロカプセルBを含有し、かつ、マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aと、マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bと、が下記式1を満たす発色剤層を有している。本開示の圧力測定用材料は、発色剤層に加え、必要に応じて、支持体及び易接着層等の他の層を有してもよい。
D50A<D50B 式1
一方、微小な圧力で良好な発色が得られ、かつ、広い圧力範囲に対応して濃度階調が現れるように圧力測定用材料を設計することは難しい。例えば微小な圧力で検出するために高感度化すると、微小な圧力で発色し過ぎる結果、濃度階調が現れる圧力範囲が狭まりやすく、しかも取り扱い時の僅かな擦れ等で発色し、画像中に予定していない発色が混在しやすい。
上記に鑑み、本発明の一実施形態の圧力測定用材料では、発色成分である電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルAを含む発色層中に、マイクロカプセルAより大径で、かつ、発色成分を内包しないマイクロカプセルBを混在させる。これにより、必要な発色感度を獲得し、不要な発色を抑制する。微小な圧力に対する発色バランスをとることにより、0.05MPa未満の微小な圧力での発色性に優れ、かつ、擦れによる発色が抑制された圧力測定用材料を提供することができる。
例えば、マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径は、マイクロカプセルAを体積累計が50%となる粒子径を閾値に2つに分けた場合の両者間での粒子の体積の合計が等量となる粒子径(D50A)を指す。また、発色剤層に含まれる全粒子の体積標準のメジアン径は、マイクロカプセルを含む粒子群を体積累計が50%となる粒子径を閾値に2つに分けた場合の両者間での粒子の体積の合計が等量となる粒子径(D50X)を指し、マイクロカプセルとマイクロカプセル以外の他の粒子の粒子分布が含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態の圧力測定用材料は、少なくとも一層の発色剤層を有する。
発色剤層は、電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルAの少なくとも一種と、電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないマイクロカプセルBの少なくとも一種と、を含有しており、必要に応じて、更に他の成分を含んでもよい。
更に、マイクロカプセルBは、オイル成分として溶剤等を含む場合が好ましく、予定しない微小な圧力が与えられた際、マイクロカプセルBがマイクロカプセルAより先に壊れ、マイクロカプセルAが破壊された際にはマイクロカプセルB中のオイル成分が発色剤層及び顕色剤層の面方向に染み亘った状態になるので、マイクロカプセルAが壊れて発色する際の発色成分の顕色剤との反応性が向上し、発色感度は向上する。これにより、擦れ等による微小な圧力での不要な発色を抑制しつつも、微小な圧力での発色性に優れ、かつ、広い圧力範囲に対応する濃度階調を再現することができる。
D50A<D50B 式1
式1において、D50Aは、マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径を表し、D50Bは、マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径を表す。
なお、例えばメジアン径の異なる二種以上のマイクロカプセルAを含む場合、擦れ等による発色抑制の観点から、いずれのマイクロカプセルAもD50AがD50Bより小さいことが好ましく、より好ましい態様では、全てのマイクロカプセルAが上記の式1を満たす。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3
具体的には、D50Aが40μm未満であると、発色性が高くなり過ぎず、擦れ等による発色がより効果的に抑えられる。また、D50Aが10μmより大きいと、D50Bとの差が大きくなり過ぎず、したがって後記のCV値も大きくなり過ぎないので、発色剤層を塗布し乾燥した際の塗布ムラが生じにくい。詳細には、発色剤層を塗布し乾燥した際、乾燥に伴う濃淡ムラが生じにくい。
また、D50Bが150μm未満であると、後記のCV値が大きくなり過ぎず、濃度階調が良好になり、塗布ムラの発生もより抑えられる。D50Bが40μmより大きいと、D50Aとの差異が保てるので、擦り等による発色をより効果的に防ぐことができる。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2-1
40μm<D50B<100μm 式3-1
更には、下記の式2-2及び式3-2を満たす場合が好ましい。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2-2
40μm<D50B<80μm 式3-2
更には、下記の式2-3及び式3-3を満たす場合が好ましい。
25μm<D50A<35μm 式2-3
40μm<D50B<80μm 式3-3
CV値が上記範囲内であると、発色剤層内の粒子分布、特にマイクロカプセルの相対的なバラツキが小さいので、微小な圧力に対する発色性と擦り等による発色防止性とのバランスに優れたものとなる。
CV値としては、40%~110%が好ましく、40%~80%がより好ましい。
CV値(%)= 標準偏差/算術平均粒子径×100
算術平均粒子径及び標準偏差は、発色剤層の表面を光学顕微鏡により150倍で撮影し、2cm×2cmの範囲にある全てのマイクロカプセルの大きさを計測して算出される値である。
また、マイクロカプセルBの数平均壁厚δBについても、カプセル壁材の種類及びカプセル径等の種々の条件に依存するが、マイクロカプセルAより容易に破壊されやすくなる点で、0.05μm~1.0μmが好ましく、0.07μm~0.80μmがより好ましい。
δA/D50Aの比が1.0×10-3以上であると、擦れ等による破壊が容易に起こりにくくなり、不要な発色が抑えられ、濃度階調性に優れたものとなる。また、δA/D50Aの比が4.0×10-3以下であると、擦れ等による発色の抑制効果に優れ、しかも粒子サイズに対する壁厚が大き過ぎないため、濃度階調性に優れたものとなる。
δA/D50Aの比は、1.3×10-3~2.5×10-3がより好ましい。
δB/D50Bの比は、1.0×10-3~8.0×10-3がより好ましい。
なお、0.01MPaの圧力での加圧前後における濃度差とは、0.01MPaで圧力を加えて発色させた後の濃度から、0.01MPaで圧力を加える前の濃度を減じて求まる濃度差をいう。
発色剤層に由来して発色したΔD1が0.02を超えるので、本発明の一実施形態における発色剤層は、0.05MPaを下回る微小な圧力を与えて発色させた場合に視認ないし読み取り可能な濃度及び濃度階調を再現することができる。
ΔD1は、値が大きいほど好ましく、0.05以上がより好ましく、0.1以上が更に好ましい。
発色濃度は、濃度計RD-19(グレタグマクベス社製)を用いて測定される値である。以下において、同様である。
ΔD2が0.02以下であると、擦り等によって視認ないし読み取り可能な濃度に至る発色が少なく抑えられる。
ΔD2は、値が小さいほど好ましく、0.01以下である場合がより好ましく、ゼロである(すなわち発色しない)場合が更に好ましい。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4
発色剤層に含まれる粒子の全体が上記粒子径の範囲にあることにより、発色成分を内包するマイクロカプセルAより粒子径の大きいマイクロカプセルBを混在させたことによる効果、すなわち擦り等による不要な発色の抑制効果がより効果的に現れる。
具体的には、D50Xが15μmより大きいと、微小な圧力0.01MPaでも視認可能な発色濃度を発現する点でより有利である。また、D50Xが50μmより小さいと、擦り等による不要な発色を抑え、かつ、有効な濃度階調を発現する点でより有利である。
-マイクロカプセルA-
マイクロカプセルAは、発色成分である電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包し、好ましくは溶媒を内包し、必要に応じて、更に、補助溶媒、及び添加剤等を内包してもよい。
マイクロカプセルAは、発色成分として電子供与性無色染料前駆体の少なくとも一種を内包する。
電子供与性無色染料前駆体は、感圧複写紙あるいは感熱記録紙の用途において公知のものを使用することができる。例えば、トリフェニルメタンフタリド系化合物、フルオラン系化合物、フェノチアジン系化合物、インドリルフタリド系化合物、ロイコオーラミン系化合物、ローダミンラクタム系化合物、トリフェニルメタン系化合物、ジフェニルメタン系化合物、トリアゼン系化合物、スピロピラン系化合物、フルオレン系化合物など各種の化合物を使用することができる。
上記の化合物の詳細については、特開平5-257272号公報の記載を参照することができる。
電子供与性無色染料前駆体は、一種単独で又は二種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
二種以上の電子供与性無色染料前駆体を用いる場合、モル吸光係数(ε)がそれぞれ10000mol-1・cm-1・L以上のものを二種以上併用するのが好ましい。
モル吸光係数(ε)= C/(A×B)
マイクロカプセルAは、溶媒の少なくとも一種を内包することが好ましい。
溶媒としては、感圧複写紙用途において公知のものを使用することができ、例えば、ジイソプロピルナフタレン等のアルキルナフタレン系化合物、1-フェニル-1-キシリルエタン等のジアリールアルカン系化合物、イソプロピルビフェニル等のアルキルビフェニル系化合物、トリアリールメタン系化合物、アルキルベンゼン系化合物、ベンジルナフタレン系化合物、ジアリールアルキレン系化合物、アリールインダン系化合物等の芳香族炭化水素;フタル酸ジブチル、イソパラフィン等の脂肪族炭化水素、大豆油、コーン油、綿実油、菜種油、オリーブ油、ヤシ油、ひまし油、魚油等の天然動植物油等、鉱物油等の天然物高沸点留分等が挙げられる。
マイクロカプセルAに内包される、溶媒と電子供与性染料前駆体との質量比(溶媒:前駆体)としては、発色性の点で、98:2~30:70の範囲が好ましく、97:3~40:60の範囲がより好ましく、95:5~50:50の範囲が更に好ましい。
マイクロカプセルAは、必要に応じて、補助溶媒を内包してもよい。
補助溶媒としては、沸点が130℃以下である溶媒が挙げられ、例えば、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系化合物、酢酸エチルなどのエステル系化合物、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール系化合物等が含まれる。
マイクロカプセルAは、上記の電子供与性無色染料前駆体、溶媒及び補助溶媒以外に、必要に応じて、添加剤を内包してもよい。添加剤としては、紫外線吸収剤、光安定化剤、酸化防止剤、ワックス、臭気抑制剤などを挙げることができる。
マイクロカプセルBは、発色成分である電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないカプセルであり、好ましくはオイル成分としての溶媒を内包し、必要に応じて、更に、補助溶媒、及び添加剤等を内包してもよい。
この場合、マイクロカプセルBに内包され得る溶媒、補助溶媒、及び添加剤等の成分は、マイクロカプセルAに内包可能な溶媒、補助溶媒、添加剤等と同様の成分を選択することができる。
上記とは別に、マイクロカプセルBは、電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないこと以外にもマイクロカプセルAとは組成、カプセル性状及び製造条件が異なるマイクロカプセルとして含まれてもよい。
メジアン径の異なる二種以上のマイクロカプセルAを含む場合、圧力が高くなるにつれて破壊される大径のマイクロカプセルの数が減り、続いて小径のマイクロカプセルが破壊して発色するため、圧力の高い領域での発色濃度が向上し、その結果、高濃度域における濃度階調により優れた圧力測定材料となる。
発色剤層の厚み(マイクロカプセル径が層厚より大きい場合は層表面から露出したマイクロカプセルを除く厚み)は、0.01μm~0.10μmが好ましく、0.02μm~0.07μmがより好ましい。
発色剤層は、圧力測定用材料組成物を調製して成膜することにより形成することができる。
発色剤層は、例えば、支持体上に圧力測定用材料組成物(発色剤層形成用調製液)を塗布等の方法で付与し、乾燥させることにより形成されてもよい。
発色剤層に含有されるマイクロカプセルは、既述のように分散液として得てもよい。得られたマイクロカプセルの分散液は、そのまま電子供与性無色染料前駆体を含む発色剤層を形成するための圧力測定用材料組成物(発色剤層形成用調製液;例えば塗布液)としてもよい。
D50A<D50B 式1
D50AがD50Bより小さい関係にあることにより、既述の通り、擦れ(例えば、擦過)等の取り扱い時の微小な圧力での発色が抑えられる。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3
マイクロカプセルA及びBがそれぞれ上記粒子径を有していることにより、擦れ等に起因する不要な発色をより効果的に防ぐことができる。詳細については、既述の通りであり、好ましい態様も同様である。
マイクロカプセルAがマイクロカプセルBに対して同量以上の範囲で含まれることにより、微小な圧力に対する発色性と、擦り等の取り扱い時に与えられる微小な圧力に対する発色抑制効果と、のバランスを図ることができる。
上記の比としては、質量基準で、100/10~100/40がより好ましく、100/15~100/35が更に好ましい。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4
圧力測定用材料組成物に含まれる粒子の全体が上記粒子径の範囲にあることにより、発色成分を内包するマイクロカプセルAより粒子径の大きいマイクロカプセルBを混在させたことによる効果、すなわち擦り等による不要な発色の抑制効果がより効果的に現れる。
また、CV値が上記範囲内であると、発色剤層内の粒子分布、特にマイクロカプセルの相対的なバラツキが小さいので、微小な圧力に対する発色性と擦り等による発色防止性とのバランスに優れたものとなる。
CV値としては、40%~110%が好ましく、40%~80%がより好ましい。
D50Aが異なる二種以上のマイクロカプセルを含む場合、一般に径の大きいマイクロカプセルから順に圧力で壊れて発色した後、圧力が高くなるにつれて破壊される大径のマイクロカプセルの数が減り、続いて小径のマイクロカプセルが破壊して発色する。そのため、より高圧力側における領域での発色濃度が向上する。これにより、高濃度域における濃度階調により優れた圧力測定材料が得られる。
D50A1>D50A2
発色剤層中における、マイクロカプセルA2の含有量に対するマイクロカプセルA1の含有量の比(A1/A2)としては、質量基準で100/1~100/150であることが好ましく、より好ましくは100/25~100/100であり、更に好ましくは100/40~100/70である。上記不等式を満たす場合の含有量の比(A1/A2)が上記範囲にあることで、濃度階調により優れたものとなる。
マイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの含有量が上記範囲内にあることで、マクロカプセル周辺に存在するその他成分の量が少なくなり、圧力を受けた際にマイクロカプセルが容易に壊れやすくなり、低い圧力でも発色させ易くなる。さらに、圧力に対する感度が向上するので、マイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径も小さくなり、結果、発色した際の粒状感を少なく抑えることができる。これにより、狭い圧力範囲内で測定を行う場合も精度良く測定を行うことができる。
マイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの含有量が80質量%以上であると、圧力に対する感度がより良好になる。また、マイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの含有量が98質量%以下であると、マイクロカプセルと基材との密着性を確保しやすい。
マイクロカプセルA及びマイクロカプセルBの合計含有量は、85質量%~96質量%がより好ましく、更に好ましくは85質量%~95質量%である。
易接着層は、支持体と発色剤層との密着性を向上させるために設けられていることが好ましい。また、易接着層は、更に、マイクロカプセルを含有する組成物を塗布し乾燥する際に、マイクロカプセルが易接着層と静電的に相互作用(例えば水素結合)し、凝集するのを抑制する効果がある。これにより、圧力測定する際、マイクロカプセルが微小な圧力で破壊される効果を向上させる。
易接着層の厚みは、0.005μm~0.2μmが好ましく、0.01μm~0.1μmがより好ましい。
支持体は、シート状、フィルム状、板状等のいずれの形状であってもよい。
支持体の具体的な例としては、紙、プラスチックフィルム、合成紙等が挙げられる。
プラスチックフィルムの具体例としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム等のポリエステルフィルム、三酢酸セルロース等のセルロース誘導体フィルム、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィンフィルム、ポリスチレンフィルム等を挙げることができる。
合成紙の具体例としては、ポリプロピレン又はポリエチレンテレフタレート等を二軸延伸してミクロボイドを多数形成したもの(ユポ等)、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド等の合成繊維を用いて作製したもの、これらを紙の一部、片面もしくは両面に積層したもの、等が挙げられる。
中でも、加圧により生じる発色濃度をより高める観点から、プラスチックフィルム、合成紙が好ましく、プラスチックフィルムがより好ましい。
2シートタイプの場合、基材上に発色成分を内包するマイクロカプセルを含む発色剤層を有する圧力測定用材料と、基材上に顕色剤を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料と、を有している。この場合、圧力測定は、圧力測定用材料及び顕色材料を、圧力測定用材料の発色剤層の表面と顕色材料の顕色剤層の表面とを接触させた状態で重ね、重ねた状態のまま、圧力又は圧力分布を測定する部位に配置して加圧することにより行える。
本発明の一実施形態の圧力測定用材料セットは、既述の本発明の一実施形態の圧力測定用材料と、電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料と、を含む2シートタイプの材料である。本発明の一実施形態の圧力測定用材料セットは、圧力測定用材料及び顕色材料に加え、必要に応じて、他の材料を含んでいてもよい。
顕色材料は、圧力測定用材料の発色剤層に含まれる発色成分を発色させる顕色剤である電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有している。顕色材料は、少なくとも、支持体と、顕色剤層と、を有する態様が好ましい。
電子受容性化合物としては、無機化合物及び有機化合物を挙げることができる。
無機化合物の具体例としては、酸性白土、活性白土、アタパルジャイト、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、カオリンのような粘土物質等が挙げられる。
有機化合物の具体例としては、芳香族カルボン酸の金属塩、フェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂、カルボキシル化テルペンフェノール樹脂の金属塩等が挙げられる。
中でも、電子受容性化合物としては、酸性白土、活性白土、ゼオライト、カオリン、芳香族カルボン酸の金属塩、カルボキシル化テルペンフェノール樹脂の金属塩が好ましく、酸性白土、活性白土、カオリン、芳香族カルボン酸の金属塩であることがより好ましい。
顕色剤層形成用の調製液は、電子受容性化合物を水等に分散した分散液でもよい。
電子受容性化合物を分散した分散液は、電子受容性化合物が無機化合物である場合は無機化合物を機械的に水に分散処理させることにより調製することができ、また電子受容性化合物が有機化合物である場合は有機化合物を機械的に水に分散処理するか、又は有機溶媒に溶解することにより調製することができる。
詳細については、特開平8-207435号公報に記載の方法を参照できる。
顕色剤層は、上記の電子受容性化合物のほか、バインダー、顔料、並びに蛍光増白剤、消泡剤、浸透剤、防腐剤等の添加剤などを含むことができる。
-電子供与性無色染料前駆体内包マイクロカプセル液(A)の調製-
直鎖アルキルベンゼン(JXエネルギー(株)、グレードアルケンL)57部に、電子供与性無色染料前駆体である下記の化合物(A)20部を溶解し、溶液Aを得た。次に、合成イソパラフィン(出光興産(株)、IPソルベント1620)15部、酢酸エチル1.2部に溶解したN,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エチレンジアミン((株)アデカ、アデカポリエーテルEDP-300)0.2部を、攪拌している溶液Aに加えて溶液Bを得た。さらに、酢酸エチル3部に溶解したトリレンジイソシアナートのトリメチロールプロパン付加物(DIC(株)、バーノックD-750)1.2部を、攪拌している溶液Bに加えて溶液Cを得た。そして、水140部にポリビニルアルコール(PVA-205、(株)クラレ)9部を溶解した溶液中に上記の溶液Cを加えて、乳化分散した。乳化分散後の乳化液に水340部を加え、攪拌しながら70℃まで加温し、1時間攪拌後、冷却した。さらに水を加えて濃度を調整し、固形分濃度19.6%の電子供与性無色染料前駆体内包マイクロカプセル液(A)を得た。
メジアン径(D50A)は、マイクロカプセル液を支持体である易接着層付ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)シート(東洋紡(株)、コスモシャイン(登録商標)A4300)上に塗布して乾燥した後、得られた塗布膜の表面を光学顕微鏡により150倍で撮影し、2cm×2cmの範囲にある全てのマイクロカプセルの大きさを計測して算出した。また、数平均壁厚は、塗布膜の断面切片を作製し、断面から5個のマイクロカプセルを選択し、個々のカプセル壁の厚み(μm)を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により求めて平均して算出した。
合成イソパラフィン(出光興産(株)、IPソルベント1620)15部、酢酸エチル3部に溶解したN,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エチレンジアミン((株)アデカ、アデカポリエーテルEDP-300)0.4部を、攪拌している1-フェニル-1-キシリルエタン(新日本石油(株)、ハイゾールSAS296)78部に加えて溶液Dを得た。さらに、酢酸エチル7部に溶解したトリレンジイソシアナートのトリメチロールプロパン付加物(DIC(株)、バーノックD-750)3部を、攪拌している溶液Dに加えて溶液Eを得た。そして、水140部にポリビニルアルコール(PVA-205、(株)クラレ)69部を溶解した溶液中に上記の溶液Eを加えて、乳化分散した。乳化分散後の乳化液に水340部を加え、攪拌しながら70℃まで加温し、1時間攪拌後、冷却した。さらに水を加えて濃度を調整し、固形分濃度19.6%の電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセル液(B)を得た。
上記で得た電子供与性無色染料前駆体内包マイクロカプセル液(A)18部、上記で得た電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセル液(B)2部、水63部、コロイダルシリカ(日産化学(株)、スノーテックス(登録商標)30)1.8部、カルボキシメチルセルロースNa(第一工業製薬(株)、セロゲン5A)の10%水溶液1.8部、カルボキシメチルセルロースNa(第一工業製薬(株)、セロゲンEP)の1%水溶液30部、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム(第一工業製薬(株)、ネオゲンT)の15%水溶液0.3部、及びノイゲンLP70(第一工業製薬(株))の1%水溶液0.8部を混合し、2時間撹拌することにより、圧力測定用材料組成物(1)を得た。
なお、メジアン径、平均粒径、及び標準偏差は、作製した染料前駆体シート(1)の塗布面である発色剤層の表面を光学顕微鏡により150倍で撮影し、2cm×2cmの範囲にある全てのマイクロカプセルの大きさを計測して算出した。
電子受容性化合物である3,5-ジ-α-メチルベンジルサリチル酸亜鉛10部、炭酸カルシウム100部、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム1部、及び水200部を、サンドグラインダーを用いて、全粒子の平均粒子径が2μmになるように分散して分散液を調製した。次いで、調製した分散液に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-203、クラレ(株))の10%水溶液100部、スチレン-ブタジエンラテックスを固形分として10部、及び水450部を添加し、電子受容性化合物を含有する塗布液(顕色剤含有調製液)を調製した。
電子受容性化合物を含有する塗布液を、厚さ75μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)シートの上に固形分塗布量が4.0g/m2になるように塗布し、乾燥させて顕色剤層を形成し、顕色材料である顕色剤シート(1)を得た。
実施例1において、マイクロカプセル液及び発色剤層を表1~表3に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、染料前駆体シート及び顕色剤シートからなる2シートタイプの圧力測定用材料セットを作製した。
実施例及び比較例で作製した圧力測定用材料セットを用い、以下の測定及び評価を行った。測定及び評価の結果は、下記表1~表3に示す。
染料前駆体シート(1)及び顕色剤シート(1)をそれぞれ5cm×5cmのサイズに裁断し、染料前駆体シート(1)と顕色剤シート(1)とを、染料前駆体シート(1)の発色剤層の表面と顕色剤シート(1)の顕色剤層の表面とを接触させて重ね合わせた。重ね合わせた両シートを、表面が平滑な2枚のガラス板の間に挟んで机上に置き、ガラス板の上に錘を載置することにより0.01MPaの圧力で加圧し、発色させた。
その後、重ね合わせた両シートを剥離し、濃度計RD-19(グレタグマクベス社製)を用いて、顕色剤シート(1)に形成された発色部の濃度(DA)を測定した。
上記とは別に、未使用の顕色剤シート(1)に対して同様の方法で濃度(初期濃度;DB)を測定した。
発色部の濃度DAから初期濃度DBを減算して濃度差を求め、発色濃度(ΔD)とした。結果は、下記表1~表3に示す。
染料前駆体シート(1)及び顕色剤シート(1)をそれぞれ10cm×15cmのサイズに裁断し、染料前駆体シート(1)の発色剤層の上に顕色剤シート(1)を、染料前駆体シート(1)の発色剤層と顕色剤シート(1)の顕色剤層とを接触させて重ね合わせ、重ね合わせた状態のまま、顕色剤シート(1)の顕色剤層に対して発色剤層を20回反復運動させて擦過させた。擦過後の発色濃度から擦過前の初期濃度を減算して濃度差(ΔD2)を求めた。結果は、下記表1~表3に示す。
圧力測定用材料セットを用い、上記「ΔD1」を求める際の「DA」の測定と同様の方法で0.01MPa、0.02MPa、0.03MPa、0.04MPa、及び0.05MPaの圧力で発色させた発色部の濃度を測定した。評価は、下記の評価基準にしたがって行った。評価結果は、下記表1~表3に示す。
<評価基準>
5:0.05MPaにて高い濃度を示し、濃度変化が直線的である。
4:0.05MPaにて高い濃度を示すが、濃度変化に若干屈曲点があるものの、実用上問題ない。
3:0.05MPaでの濃度が低い、又は濃度変化が飽和している。
2:0.05MPaでの濃度が低い、又は濃度変化が飽和しており、実用上支障が生じる懸念がある。
1:0.05MPaでの濃度がゼロに近く、又は濃度変化がなく、実用上使用できない。
染料前駆体シート(1)の塗布面である発色剤層の表面を目視により観察し、下記の評価基準にしたがって評価した。評価結果は、下記表1~表3に示す。
<評価基準>
5:濃淡ムラ及び欠陥等の発生がない。
4:濃淡ムラ及び欠陥等が僅かにあるものの、実用上問題がない。
3:明らかな濃淡ムラ又は欠陥等がある。
2:明らかな濃淡ムラ又は欠陥等があり、実用上支障が生じる懸念がある。
1:濃淡ムラ及び欠陥等が非常に多く、実用上使用できない。
染料前駆体シート(1)及び顕色剤シート(1)をそれぞれ5cm×5cmのサイズに裁断し、染料前駆体シート(1)と顕色剤シート(1)とを、染料前駆体シート(1)の発色剤層の表面と顕色剤シート(1)の顕色剤層の表面とを接触させて重ね合わせた。重ね合わせた両シートを、表面が平滑な2枚のガラス板の間に挟んで机上に置き、ガラス板の上に錘を載置することにより0.03MPaの圧力で加圧し、発色させた。その後、重ね合わせた両シートを剥離し、発色した顕色剤シート(1)の発色面状を目視で観察し、下記の評価基準にしたがって評価した。評価結果を表1~表3に示す。
<評価基準>
3:発色面における粒状感が非常に小さい。
2:発色面に多少の粒状感があるが、実用上は問題ない。
1:発色面における粒状感が明らかに大きい。
これに対して、発色成分を含まない電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセル液(B)を含有しない比較例1、3では、微小な圧力での発色性は得られるものの、いずれも擦過による発色も大きく、発色の階調性に劣るものであった。また、発色成分を含まない電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセル液(B)を含有しない比較例2では、カプセルサイズが小さいため、擦過による発色はないものの、微小な圧力での発色性も乏しい結果となり、発色の階調性にも劣っていた。
比較例4~5では、発色成分を内包するマイクロカプセルを二種含有し、発色成分を含まない電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセルを含有しないので、擦過による発色を抑えられていない。
また、比較例6は、発色成分を含まない電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセルを含有するものの、電子供与性無色染料前駆体非内包マイクロカプセルのD50Bが、電子供与性無色染料前駆体内包マイクロカプセルのD50Aに対して同サイズ以下であるので、犠牲材としての機能は乏しく、やはり擦過による発色を抑えられなかった。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (17)
- 電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルA及び電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないマイクロカプセルBを含有し、かつ、前記マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aと、前記マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bと、が下記式1を満たす発色剤層を有する圧力測定用材料。
D50A<D50B 式1 - 前記メジアン径D50Aが下記式2を満たし、かつ、前記メジアン径D50Bが下記式3を満たす請求項1に記載の圧力測定用材料。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3 - 前記発色剤層に含まれる全粒子の体積標準のメジアン径D50Xが、下記式4を満たす請求項1又は請求項2に記載の圧力測定用材料。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4 - 前記発色剤層に含まれる全粒子の粒径分布の変動係数が、35%~150%である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 発色させた場合に、0.01MPaで圧力を加えて発色させた後の濃度から前記圧力を加える前の濃度を減じた濃度差ΔD1として、0.02を超える濃度が得られる請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 前記発色剤層の上に、電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料を、前記発色剤層と同一面積の前記顕色剤層を前記発色剤層に接触させて重ね、前記顕色材料に対して前記発色剤層を20回反復運動させて擦過させた後の発色濃度から前記擦過前の濃度を減じた濃度差ΔD2が0.02以下である請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 前記マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aに対する、前記マイクロカプセルAの数平均壁厚δAの比が、1.0×10-3~4.0×10-3であり、前記マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bに対する、前記マイクロカプセルBの数平均壁厚δBの比が、1.0×10-3~1.5×10-2である請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 少なくとも、支持体と、前記支持体側から配置された易接着層及び前記発色剤層と、を有する請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 前記マイクロカプセルAとして、体積標準のメジアン径D50Aが異なる二種のマイクロカプセルを含む請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 前記マイクロカプセルAとして、メジアン径がD50A1であるマイクロカプセルA1及びメジアン径がD50A2であるマイクロカプセルA2を含む少なくとも二種を含有し、
D50A1>D50A2の関係を満たす場合、マイクロカプセルA2の含有量に対するマイクロカプセルA1の含有量の比が、質量基準で100/1~100/150である請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。 - 前記発色剤層中における前記マイクロカプセルA及び前記マイクロカプセルBの含有量が、発色剤層の全固形分に対して、80質量%~97質量%である請求項1~請求項10のいずれかに1項に記載の圧力測定用材料。
- 請求項1~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料と、
電子受容性化合物を含む顕色剤層を有する顕色材料と、
を含む圧力測定用材料セット。 - 電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包するマイクロカプセルAと、電子供与性無色染料前駆体を内包しないマイクロカプセルBと、を含み、かつ、前記マイクロカプセルAの体積標準のメジアン径D50Aと、前記マイクロカプセルBの体積標準のメジアン径D50Bと、が下記式1を満たす圧力測定用材料組成物。
D50A<D50B 式1 - 前記メジアン径D50Aが下記式2を満たし、前記メジアン径D50Bが下記式3を満たす請求項13に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物。
10μm<D50A<40μm 式2
40μm<D50B<150μm 式3 - 前記マイクロカプセルBの含有量に対する前記マイクロカプセルAの含有量の比が、質量基準で100/5~100/50である請求項13又は請求項14に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物。
- 組成物に含まれる全粒子の体積標準のメジアン径D50Xが下記式4を満たし、かつ、組成物に含まれる全粒子の粒径分布の変動係数が35%~150%である請求項13~請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物。
15μm<D50X<50μm 式4 - 前記マイクロカプセルAとして、体積標準のメジアン径D50Aが異なる二種のマイクロカプセルを含む請求項13~請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の圧力測定用材料組成物。
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KR1020197009069A KR102203040B1 (ko) | 2016-09-29 | 2017-09-22 | 압력 측정용 재료 조성물, 압력 측정용 재료, 및 압력 측정용 재료 세트 |
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US16/364,189 US11230130B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2019-03-26 | Material composition for pressure measurement, material for pressure measurement, and material set for pressure measurement |
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