WO2018042925A1 - 電気化学素子用添加剤、電気化学素子用電解液、電気化学素子、リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学素子用添加剤、電気化学素子用電解液、電気化学素子、リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018042925A1 WO2018042925A1 PCT/JP2017/026120 JP2017026120W WO2018042925A1 WO 2018042925 A1 WO2018042925 A1 WO 2018042925A1 JP 2017026120 W JP2017026120 W JP 2017026120W WO 2018042925 A1 WO2018042925 A1 WO 2018042925A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- electrochemical
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 229960004138 cyclobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQUDDWATQWCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VBQUDDWATQWCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexaphenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013365 molecular weight analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/05—Cyclic compounds having at least one ring containing boron but no carbon in the ring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive for an electrochemical element, an electrolytic solution for an electrochemical element, an electrochemical element, an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, and an additive for an electrochemical element.
- this deterioration with time is an initial capacity, rate characteristics, high-temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, low-temperature charge / discharge characteristics, etc., and the positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material, electrolyte solution, separator, etc., which are materials are improved. It is listed as an important research topic, and many studies have been reported.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a boroxine compound is added to an electrolytic solution in order to obtain an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion secondary battery that can be repeatedly charged at a high voltage.
- Patent Document 2 discloses trivalent boron and higher valence boron produced by containing a boroxine compound and LiPF 6 in order to provide a lithium battery with little deterioration over time in capacity and excellent life characteristics. It is disclosed to use an electrolytic solution containing a compound having the following.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are easily hydrolyzed and easily decomposed. Therefore, an additive having improved life characteristics and high material stability is desired.
- the present invention can improve the lifetime characteristics of an electrochemical element and has high material stability, an additive for an electrochemical element, an electrolytic solution for an electrochemical element using the additive, an electrochemical element, and a lithium ion secondary battery It aims at providing the manufacturing method of electrolyte solution, a lithium ion secondary battery, and the additive for electrochemical elements.
- the additive for an electrochemical element according to the present invention has a general formula: [(BO) 3 (OR) 3 ] m (H 2 O) n (where m and n are 1 or more). It is an integer, and each R is independently an organic group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the additive for electrochemical elements which improves the lifetime characteristic of an electrochemical element and has high substance stability, the electrolyte solution for electrochemical elements, the electrochemical element, and the electrolysis for lithium ion secondary batteries using the same
- a method for producing a liquid, a lithium ion secondary battery, and an additive for an electrochemical element can be provided.
- FIG. 1 The figure which represents typically the internal structure of the battery which concerns on one Embodiment.
- the present inventors have used a cyclic borate ester having a moisture content of a certain value or less as an additive as an electrolyte additive for a lithium ion secondary battery, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery. It has been found that it will be possible to greatly improve. According to the present invention, a decrease in battery capacity after a cycle test can be suppressed, battery life characteristics can be improved, and a long-life electrochemical device can be provided.
- a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example of an electrochemical element.
- the additive for an electrochemical element is a hydrate of a boroxine compound, and has a general formula: [(BO) 3 (OR) 3 ] m (H 2 O) n (wherein m, n is an integer of 1 or more, and each R is independently an organic group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- Examples of the organic group (R) of the boroxine compound include linear or branched alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups. Specific examples of such organic group (R) include ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- the organic group (R) may contain a halogen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom and the like exemplified by fluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms is preferably 2 or more and 6 or less.
- boroxine compound examples include trimethoxyboroxine ((O—CH 3 ) 3 (BO) 3 ), triethoxyboroxine ((O—CH 2 CH 3 ) 3 (BO) 3 ), triisopropoxyboro Xin ((O—CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) 3 (BO) 3 ), triscyclohexyloxyboroxine ((O—C 6 H 11 ) 3 (BO) 3 ), and the like.
- boroxine compound a compound having a secondary alkyl group as an organic group (R) is preferable.
- organic group (R) is secondary, it is advantageous in that the boroxine compound is hardly decomposed and appropriate solubility can be obtained.
- boroxine compound tri-iso-propoxy boroxine (TiPBx) is particularly preferably used.
- the boroxine compound represented by (BO) 3 (OR) 3 has improved substance stability by coordinating water molecules. As a result, handling in the air becomes easy, and it becomes easy to add to the electrolyte as an additive. This is because one molecule of water is hydrated with respect to two molecules of (BO) 3 (OR) 3 , and one molecule of water is chelated with two molecules of (BO) 3 (OR) 3 to form molecules. This is because the stability of the structure is increased. As a result, the reactivity with moisture can be suppressed, and handling in the air becomes possible.
- N representing the number of molecules of water and m representing the number of molecules of the boroxine compound have a relationship of n ⁇ m. More preferably, n is 1 or 2, and m is 1 to 3.
- the boroxine compound interacts with lithium ions derived from the electrolyte salt LiPF 6 and has an action of improving the dissociation degree of the lithium ions. Therefore, the capacity
- the boroxine compound also has an action of reacting with the positive electrode active material to form a film on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- This coating comprises a compound having a boron atom, in particular a compound having a B—O bond. That is, due to the action of the boroxine compound, a part of the surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a boron atom. And the decomposition reaction of the nonaqueous solvent in the surface of a positive electrode active material is suppressed, and the effect which the cycling characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery improves is acquired.
- the hydrate of the boroxine compound is synthesized by a dehydration reaction of boric acid (B (OH) 3 ) and alcohol (R—OH). As shown in the following formula 1, in the dehydration reaction of boric acid and alcohol, H 2 O is generated in the system, so that the boroxine compound becomes a hydrate.
- a hydrate of triisopropoxyboroxine in which the organic group (R) of the boroxine compound is an isopropyl group can be synthesized.
- trimethoxyboroxine hydrate, triethoxyboroxine hydrate, and triscyclohexyloxyboroxine hydrate can be synthesized, respectively.
- the boroxine compounds described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are synthesized by a cyclization reaction using boric acid ester (B (OR) 3 ) and boric anhydride (B 2 O 3 ). As shown in the following formula 2, in the cyclization reaction of boric acid ester and boric anhydride, H 2 O is not generated in the system, so that a hydrate cannot be synthesized.
- These syntheses are preferably synthesized using a low water content solvent. Also, in order to maintain an inert atmosphere during the chemical reaction, it is better to avoid mixing moisture, such as by flowing an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. When a large amount of water is mixed, the hydrolysis of the raw material boric acid proceeds, so the reaction yield may be reduced. Alternatively, the purity may be improved by repeating recrystallization or lyophilization using a good solvent and a poor solvent in order to improve the purity of the synthesized product.
- the solvent used for the reaction is desirably a solvent that completely dissolves the raw material, but the reaction can be advanced by making it into a suspension or slightly dissolved by heating at a high temperature.
- a low polarity solvent such as toluene or benzene rather than a protic solvent such as alcohol.
- the identification of the synthetic substance can be confirmed by solution NMR measurement or molecular weight analysis in which the synthetic product is dissolved in a heavy solvent.
- boron 10 about 20%
- boron 11 about 80%
- Multiple peaks specific to the object are shown. From this fact, it can be used as an important index for confirming the synthesis of boron-containing materials.
- the electrolytic solution (nonaqueous electrolytic solution) contains the boroxine compound hydrate described above, a supporting salt, and a nonaqueous solvent.
- a supporting salt at least lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) is used.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the supporting salt only LiPF 6 may be used alone, or other lithium salts may be used in combination.
- lithium salts used in combination with LiPF 6 include LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li (F 2 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiF, Li 2 CO 3 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiBF 3 (CF 3 ), LiBF 2 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 etc. are mentioned.
- the lithium ion concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably in the range of 0.6 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L.
- concentration is 0.6 mol / L or more, good ion conductivity can be realized. Further, when the concentration is 1.5 mol / L or less, the resistance of ionic conduction is suppressed, and the reaction rate of lithium ions is increased.
- the content of the boroxine compound in the electrolytic solution is preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 1.0% by mass or less.
- non-aqueous solvent used in the electrolytic solution examples include a chain carbonate, a cyclic carbonate, a chain carboxylic acid ester, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a chain ether, a cyclic ether, an organic phosphorus compound, an organic sulfur compound, and the like. These compounds may be used individually by 1 type, and may use multiple types together.
- chain carbonate examples include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate.
- cyclic carbonate examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, and 2,3-butylene carbonate.
- Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- chain ether examples include dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane and the like.
- cyclic ether examples include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran and the like.
- organic phosphorus compound examples include phosphoric acid esters such as trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate, phosphorous acid esters such as trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, and triphenyl phosphite, And trimethylphosphine oxide.
- organic sulfur compound examples include 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, methyl methanesulfonate, sulfolane, sulfolene, dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfone, and ethyl phenyl sulfone.
- These compounds used as a non-aqueous solvent may have a substituent or may be a compound in which an oxygen atom is substituted with a sulfur atom.
- halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, are mentioned, for example.
- a compound having a high relative dielectric constant such as a cyclic carbonate or a cyclic lactone and a relatively high viscosity, and a viscosity such as a chain carbonate are relatively It is preferable to combine with a low compound.
- a combination of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate which has a large reduction in discharge capacity due to charge / discharge, is preferable in that the effect of improving cycle characteristics due to the formation of a film is effective.
- the electrolytic solution may contain various additives as the second additive in addition to the hydrate of the boroxine compound (first additive).
- the second additive is not particularly limited as long as it is an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of a lithium ion battery, and can be added according to a required function. Additives for suppressing charging, additives for imparting flame retardancy to the electrolyte, additives for suppressing elution of Mn from the positive electrode active material, additives for improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, etc. It is done.
- Additives for forming a film on the electrode surface include carbonates such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and monofluorinated ethylene carbonate, carboxylic acid anhydrides, sulfur compounds such as 1,3-propane sultone, lithium bisoxalate borate ( LiBOB) and boron compounds such as trimethyl borate.
- carbonates such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and monofluorinated ethylene carbonate
- carboxylic acid anhydrides such as 1,3-propane sultone
- sulfur compounds such as 1,3-propane sultone
- LiBOB lithium bisoxalate borate
- boron compounds such as trimethyl borate.
- SEI A surface coating called a “Solid Electrolyte Interface” coating is formed.
- the SEI film exhibits an action of suppressing the decomposition of the nonaqueous solvent, but is generated by consuming electric charge in the battery reaction, and thus contributes to a reduction in the capacity of the battery.
- the amount of the additive that forms a film on the electrode surface is preferably 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass, and 0.1% by mass with respect to the weight of the electrolytic solution. More preferably, it is ⁇ 5% by mass, and further preferably 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass.
- overcharge inhibitor for example, biphenyl, biphenyl ether, terphenyl, methyl terphenyl, dimethyl terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, dicyclohexylbenzene, triphenylbenzene, hexaphenylbenzene, adiponitrile, dioxane and the like can be used.
- the flame retardant for example, organic phosphorus compounds such as trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate, fluorides in nonaqueous solvents such as boric acid esters, and the like can be used.
- chain ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane can be used.
- a substance showing the effect of collecting metal ions it is a substance having a complex forming ability to form a complex with metal ions eluted in the electrolyte, and is charged with a negative charge such as N, O, S, etc.
- additives may be used in combination, but the total amount of additives added is preferably 10% by mass or less per weight of the electrolytic solution.
- the above non-aqueous electrolyte can also be used for other power storage devices using lithium ions as carriers in addition to lithium ion secondary batteries.
- Examples of other power storage devices include capacitors such as lithium ion capacitors and electric double layer capacitors.
- the capacitor includes, for example, a positive electrode that generates polarization, a negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt.
- an electrode material that generates polarization for example, the above carbon material such as activated carbon can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is prevented from being decomposed, and the discharge capacity resulting from the composition change of the non-aqueous electrolyte promoted under high-temperature storage conditions and the deposition of decomposition products Can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 includes a positive electrode 10, a separator 11, a negative electrode 12, a battery container 13, a positive electrode current collecting tab 14, a negative electrode current collecting tab 15, an inner lid 16, and an internal pressure.
- An open valve 17, a gasket 18, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance element 19, a battery lid 20, and an axis 21 are provided.
- the battery lid 20 is an integrated part composed of the inner lid 16, the internal pressure release valve 17, the gasket 18 and the resistance element 19.
- the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12 are provided in a sheet shape, and are overlapped with each other with the separator 11 interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode 10, the separator 11, and the negative electrode 12 are wound around the axis 21 to form a cylindrical electrode group.
- the axis 21 any known one can be used as long as it can support the positive electrode 10, the separator 11, and the negative electrode 12.
- the material of the shaft center 21 include polypropylene and polyphenylene sulfide.
- the electrode group is formed by stacking strip-shaped electrodes, or the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12 are wound into an arbitrary shape such as a flat shape, or the separator 11 has a bag shape.
- the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12 can be housed in this, and these can be sequentially stacked to form a multilayer structure.
- the shape of the battery can 13 may be selected from shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a flat oval shape, a flat oval shape, a square shape, and a coin according to the shape of the electrode group.
- the battery container 13 can be formed of a material having corrosion resistance to the electrolyte, such as aluminum, stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, or the like.
- the material is selected so that the battery container 13 is not corroded or alloyed with lithium in the portion in contact with the electrolytic solution. To do.
- the inner surface of the battery container 13 may be subjected to a surface treatment for improving corrosion resistance and adhesion.
- a positive current collecting tab 14 and a negative current collecting tab 15 for drawing current are connected to the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12 by spot welding, ultrasonic welding, or the like.
- An electrode group provided with the positive electrode current collecting tab 14 and the negative electrode current collecting tab 15 is accommodated in the battery container 13.
- the positive electrode current collecting tab 14 is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the battery lid 20.
- the negative electrode current collecting tab 15 is electrically connected to the inner wall of the battery container 13.
- a plurality of the positive electrode current collecting tabs 14 and the negative electrode current collecting tabs 15 may be provided for the electrode group as shown in FIG. By providing a plurality, it becomes possible to cope with a large current.
- An electrolytic solution (nonaqueous electrolytic solution) is injected into the battery container 13.
- the method of injecting the electrolyte may be a method of directly injecting with the battery lid 20 open, or a method of injecting from an inlet provided in the battery lid 20 with the battery lid 20 closed. Also good.
- the opening of the battery container 13 is sealed by joining the battery lid 20 by welding, caulking, or the like.
- the battery lid 20 is provided with a relief valve, and is opened when the internal pressure of the battery container 13 rises excessively.
- the positive electrode 10 includes a lithium transition metal composite oxide as a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the positive electrode 10 includes, for example, a positive electrode mixture layer composed of a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and a positive electrode current collector in which the positive electrode mixture layer is coated on one side or both sides. Composed.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide that is the positive electrode active material may be included in a state of primary particles, or may be included in a state where secondary particles are formed.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide an appropriate type used as a positive electrode active material in a general lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide preferably contains at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni).
- the conductive agent for example, carbon particles such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, carbon fiber, and the like can be used. These electrically conductive agents may be used individually by 1 type, and may use multiple types together.
- the amount of the conductive agent is preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less with respect to the positive electrode active material. When the amount of the conductive agent is within such a range, good conductivity can be obtained and a high capacity can be secured.
- binder for example, appropriate materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylic polymers, polymers having imide or amide groups, and copolymers thereof. Can be used. These binders may be used individually by 1 type, and may use multiple types together. Further, a thickening binder such as carboxymethylcellulose may be used in combination.
- the amount of the binder is preferably 1% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder. When the amount of the binder is in such a range, the capacity is small and the internal resistance is rarely excessive. Moreover, the applicability
- the positive electrode current collector for example, an appropriate material such as a metal foil, a metal plate, a foam metal plate, an expanded metal, or a punching metal made of aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, or the like can be used.
- a metal foil it is good also as perforated foil perforated by the hole diameter of about 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, for example.
- the thickness of the metal foil is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode 10 is obtained by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder together with an appropriate solvent to form a positive electrode mixture, and applying the positive electrode mixture to the positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and compression molding.
- a method for applying the positive electrode mixture for example, a doctor blade method, a dipping method, a spray method, or the like can be used.
- a method of compression molding the positive electrode mixture for example, a roll press or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer can be set to an appropriate thickness in consideration of the specifications of the lithium ion secondary battery to be manufactured and the balance with the negative electrode, but it was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector. In this case, the thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer can be set according to the specifications of the capacity, resistance value, etc. of the lithium ion secondary battery. However, with this amount of application, the distance between the electrodes may become excessive. The distribution of the reaction of occlusion and release of lithium ions hardly occurs.
- the particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is usually not more than the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer. In the case where coarse particles are present in the synthesized positive electrode active material powder, it is preferable that the average particle size of the positive electrode active material is made smaller than the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer by performing sieving classification, wind classification, and the like in advance.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer can be set to an appropriate density in consideration of the specifications of the lithium ion secondary battery to be manufactured and the balance with the negative electrode, but the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery is ensured. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to set the density to 60% or more of the true density.
- the separator 11 is provided in order to prevent a short circuit caused by direct contact between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12.
- a microporous film such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and aramid resin, a film in which the surface of such a microporous film is coated with a heat resistant material such as alumina particles, and the like can be used.
- the negative electrode 12 includes a negative electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode 12 includes, for example, a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material and a binder, and a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material an appropriate type used in a general lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- Specific examples of the negative electrode active material include graphitized materials obtained from natural graphite, petroleum coke, pitch coke, etc., treated at a high temperature of 2500 ° C. or higher, mesophase carbon, amorphous carbon, and amorphous on the surface of graphite.
- Carbon material coated with carbonaceous material carbon material whose surface crystallinity has been reduced by mechanically treating the surface of natural graphite or artificial graphite, material with organic matter such as polymer coated and adsorbed on the carbon surface, carbon fiber Lithium metal, alloys of lithium and aluminum, tin, silicon, indium, gallium, magnesium, etc., materials carrying metal on the surface of silicon particles or carbon particles, oxides of metals such as tin, silicon, iron, titanium, etc. Is mentioned.
- the metal to be supported include lithium, aluminum, tin, silicon, indium, gallium, magnesium, and alloys thereof.
- a negative electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions at a potential of 0.3 (VvsLi + / Li) or less is particularly preferable.
- cycle characteristics are improved even in such a voltage range, and high capacity and output can be realized.
- the binder it is possible to use either an aqueous binder that dissolves, swells or disperses in water and an organic binder that does not dissolve, swell or disperse in water.
- the water-based binder include a styrene-butadiene copolymer, an acrylic polymer, a polymer having a cyano group, and a copolymer thereof.
- the organic binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene, and copolymers thereof. These binders may be used individually by 1 type, and may use multiple types together. Further, a thickening binder such as carboxymethylcellulose may be used in combination.
- the amount of the binder is preferably 0.8% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the binder for the aqueous binder.
- the organic binder is preferably 3% by mass or more and 6% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the binder.
- an appropriate material such as metal foil made of copper, a copper alloy containing copper as a main component, a metal plate, a metal foam plate, an expanded metal, a punching metal, or the like can be used.
- metal foil it is good also as perforated foil perforated by the hole diameter of about 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, for example.
- the thickness of the metal foil is preferably 7 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode 12 is prepared by, for example, mixing a negative electrode active material and a binder together with an appropriate solvent to form a negative electrode mixture, applying the negative electrode mixture to the negative electrode current collector, and then drying and compression molding. Can do.
- a method for applying the negative electrode mixture for example, a doctor blade method, a dipping method, a spray method, or the like can be used.
- a method of compression molding the positive electrode mixture for example, a roll press or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer can be set to an appropriate thickness in consideration of the specifications of the lithium ion secondary battery to be manufactured and the balance with the positive electrode, but it was applied to both sides of the negative electrode current collector. In this case, the thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer can be set according to the specifications such as the capacity and resistance value of the lithium ion secondary battery. However, with this amount of coating, the distance between the electrodes may become excessive. The distribution of the reaction of occlusion and release of lithium ions hardly occurs.
- the molecular weight of the obtained powder was measured by a direct ionization method
- the molecular weight of the compound triisopropoxyboroxine
- a component showing a main peak was detected.
- an atmospheric pressure ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (JEOL Ltd. JMS-T100LP AccuTOF LC) was used.
- the ion source was DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time)
- helium was used as the DART gas
- the helium heating temperature was 300 ° C.
- the orifice 1 voltage was 30V.
- LiMn 0.33 Co 0.33 Ni 0.33 O 2 having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 0.8 m 2 / g was used as the positive electrode active material.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution prepared by mixing 85% by weight of the positive electrode active material with 9: 2 of massive graphite and acetylene black as a conductive agent and preliminarily adjusted to 5% by weight PVDF as a binder A conductive agent was dispersed in a slurry. At this time, the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and PVDF was set to 85: 10: 5 by weight.
- This slurry was applied as uniformly and evenly as possible to an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. After the application, the film was dried at a temperature of 80 ° C., and applied and dried on both sides of the aluminum foil in the same procedure. Thereafter, it was compression molded by a roll press machine, cut so as to have a coating width of 5.4 cm and a coating length of 50 cm, and an aluminum foil lead piece for taking out the current was welded to produce the positive electrode 10.
- the negative electrode active material natural graphite having an interplanar spacing of 0.368 nm, an average particle diameter of 20 ⁇ m, and a specific surface area of 5 m 2 / g obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement was used.
- the average particle diameter is a value of D50, and was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle diameter distribution measuring apparatus.
- the specific surface area was measured by a constant capacity type gas adsorption device.
- a negative electrode active material and an aqueous dispersion of carboxymethyl cellulose were sufficiently mixed, and an aqueous dispersion of a styrene-butadiene copolymer was dispersed to obtain a negative electrode slurry.
- the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material, carboxymethyl cellulose, and styrene butadiene copolymer was 98: 1: 1 by weight.
- This slurry was applied substantially uniformly to a rolled copper foil (negative electrode current collector) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the coating and drying were performed on both sides of the rolled copper foil in the same procedure as the positive electrode 10. Thereafter, it was compression-molded by a roll press machine, cut to a coating width of 5.6 cm and a coating length of 54 cm, and a lead piece made of copper foil was welded to prepare the negative electrode 12.
- a cylindrical battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 was produced using the produced positive electrode 10 and negative electrode 12.
- a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 12 shown in FIG. 1 are formed, and a positive electrode lead 14 and a negative electrode lead 15 of a tab portion for drawing out current are formed by ultrasonic welding.
- the positive electrode lead 14 and the negative electrode lead 15 in the tab portion are each made of a metal foil made of the same material as the rectangular current collector, and are members installed to take out current from the electrodes.
- a separator 11, which is a polyethylene single layer film, is sandwiched between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 12 that are tabbed, and this is rolled into a cylindrical shape (spiral shape) as shown in FIG.
- the battery can 13 was housed in a cylindrical container. After the electrode group was housed in the battery can 13, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 13 and sealed with a gasket.
- the boroxin compound synthesized by the above method was added to this electrolyte solution as a first additive at a concentration of 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the nonaqueous solvent and LiPF 6 .
- the thus-prepared electrolyte solution is poured into a battery can 13 with a sealing battery lid 20 attached with a positive electrode terminal through a gasket 18 and sealed by caulking to form a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 650 mm. Battery 1 was obtained.
- ⁇ Cycle test> The cylindrical battery 1 thus produced was charged in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. with a charging current of 1500 mA, a voltage of 4.2 V, and a constant current and a constant voltage for 5 hours. A constant current was discharged to 0V.
- This charging / discharging process was defined as one cycle, for a total of 3 cycles.
- the discharge capacity at the third cycle was defined as 100%, and the ratio with the 1500 mA discharge capacity after the 1000 cycle test was calculated. This ratio is defined as a discharge capacity maintenance rate.
- the cycle test was conducted in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. at a voltage of 4.2V.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1 wt% of vinylene carbonate was added as the second additive to the electrolytic solution, and a cycle test was performed.
- the amount of vinylene carbonate added was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the nonaqueous solvent and LiPF 6 .
- the addition amount of the boroxine compound was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the non-aqueous solvent, LiPF 6 and vinylene carbonate.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was prepared and subjected to a cycle test in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 wt% of vinylene carbonate was added as the second additive to the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of vinylene carbonate added was 2 wt% with respect to the total weight of the nonaqueous solvent and LiPF 6 .
- the addition amount of the boroxine compound was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the non-aqueous solvent, LiPF 6 and vinylene carbonate.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cyclic boroxine synthesized by the following method was used as an electrolyte solution additive, and a battery cycle test was performed.
- Triisopropoxyboroxine was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1, and the synthesized triisopropoxyboroxine was freeze-dried to remove adhering moisture. Freeze-drying was performed by freezing triisopropoxyboroxine with ice water, reducing the pressure with a vacuum pump, and removing the vaporized component (water). The molecular weight of triisopropoxyboroxine after lyophilization was measured by the direct ionization method in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a mass spectrum of triisopropoxyboroxine after lyophilization.
- a peak was also detected at 533 m / Z.
- the peak component detected at 533 m / z is considered to be one molecule of water component attached to two molecules of triisopropoxyboroxine. That is, it is considered that one molecule of water is attached to two molecules of cyclic boroxine.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was prepared and subjected to a cycle test in the same manner as in Example 4 except that 1 wt% of vinylene carbonate was added as the second additive to the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of vinylene carbonate added was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the nonaqueous solvent and LiPF 6 .
- the addition amount of the boroxine compound was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the non-aqueous solvent, LiPF 6 and vinylene carbonate.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that 2% by weight of vinylene carbonate was added as the second additive to the electrolytic solution, and a cycle test was performed.
- the amount of vinylene carbonate added was 2 wt% with respect to the total weight of the nonaqueous solvent and LiPF 6 .
- the addition amount of the boroxine compound was 1 wt% with respect to the total weight of the non-aqueous solvent, LiPF 6 and vinylene carbonate.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of the boroxine compound added to the electrolytic solution was 2 wt%, and a cycle test was performed.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 1 wt% of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was added as a second additive instead of vinylene carbonate, and a cycle test was performed.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that [(BO) 3 (OCH (CH) 2 CH 3 ] 2 (H 2 O) was used as the boroxine compound, and a cycle test was performed.
- a cycle test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that trimethoxyboroxine synthesized from cyclic boric acid and methanol was used as an additive.
- the synthesized trimethoxyboroxine was liquid at room temperature.
- Example 4 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cyclic boroxine synthesized by the following method was used as an electrolyte solution additive, and a battery cycle test was performed.
- Comparative Example 5 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that 1 wt% vinylene carbonate was added to the electrolytic solution, and a cycle test was performed.
- Comparative Example 6 A lithium ion secondary battery was prepared and subjected to a cycle test in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that 2 wt% vinylene carbonate was added to the electrolytic solution.
- Example 7 A cycle test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that trimethoxyboroxine was synthesized from boric anhydride and trimethylboric acid, and this was lyophilized and used as an additive. The synthesized trimethoxyboroxine was liquid at room temperature.
- Examples 2 and 3 have a higher capacity retention rate than Example 1 in which VC was not added as the second additive. Moreover, Example 5, 6 has a capacity
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る電気化学素子用添加剤は、ボロキシン化合物の水和物であり、一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、Rはそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1以上の有機基である。)で表される。
ボロキシン化合物の水和物は、ホウ酸(B(OH)3)とアルコール(R-OH)の脱水反応により合成する。下記式1に示すように、ホウ酸とアルコールの脱水反応では、系中にH2Oが生成するためボロキシン化合物は水和物になる。
電解液(非水電解液)は、上述したボロキシン化合物の水和物と、支持塩と、非水溶媒とを含有している。支持塩としては、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)が少なくとも用いられる。支持塩としては、LiPF6のみを単独で用いてもよいし、その他のリチウム塩を併用してもよい。LiPF6と併用するその他のリチウム塩としては、例えば、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO2、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(F2SO2)2N、LiF、Li2CO3、LiPF4(CF3)2、LiPF4(CF3SO2)2、LiBF3(CF3)、LiBF2(CF3SO2)2等が挙げられる。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池の構造を模式的に示す断面図である。
正極10は、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出可能な正極活物質として、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含んでなる。正極10は、例えば、正極活物質と、導電剤と、バインダとを含んで組成される正極合剤層と、正極合剤層が片面又は両面に塗工された正極集電体とを備えて構成される。正極活物質であるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一次粒子の状態で含まれていてもよいし、二次粒子を形成した状態で含まれていてもよい。
セパレータ11は、正極10と負極12とが直接接触して短絡が生じるのを防止するために備えられる。セパレータ11としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド樹脂等の微多孔質フィルムや、このような微多孔質フィルムの表面にアルミナ粒子等の耐熱性物質を被覆したフィルム等を用いることができる。なお、セパレータ11の機能は、電池性能を損なわない程度で、正極10及び負極12自体に具備させてもよい。
負極12は、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出可能な負極活物質を含んでなる。負極12は、例えば、負極活物質とバインダとを含む負極合剤と、負極集電体とを備えて構成される。
以下の方法によりリチウムイオン二次電池用添加剤を合成した。
作製したボロキシン化合物を湿度20%、温度25℃のドライルーム中で10分暴露し、性状及び臭いを確認することにより物質安定性を評価した。大気中に暴露する前と後で、変化が小さいものを「◎」、見た目の変化は小さいがホウ酸臭がするものを「○」、見た目に明らかな変化がありホウ酸臭が顕著なものを「×」とした。
正極活物質には、平均粒径10μm、比表面積0.8m2/gのLiMn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33O2を用いた。正極活物質85重量%に、塊状黒鉛とアセチレンブラックを9:2に混合したものを導電剤とし、結着剤として予め5重量%PVDFに調整されたN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)溶液に導電剤を分散させてスラリーにした。この時、正極活物質、導電剤、PVDFの混合比は、重量比で85:10:5にした。このスラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔(正極集電体)にできるだけ均一かつ均等に塗布した。塗布後、80℃の温度で乾燥し、同じ手順でアルミニウム箔の両面に塗布乾燥を行った。その後ロールプレス機により圧縮成形し、塗布幅5.4cm、塗布長さ50cmとなるよう切断し、電流を取り出すためのアルミニウム箔製のリード片を溶接し正極10を作製した。
このように作製した円筒型の電池1について、25℃の恒温槽内で、充電電流1500mA、電圧4.2V、5時間の定電流定電圧充電をし、放電は放電電流1500mAで電池電圧3.0Vまで定電流放電した。この充電、放電プロセスを1サイクルとし、合計3サイクルした。この3サイクル目の放電容量を100%として、1000サイクル試験後の1500mA放電容量との比を算出した。この比を放電容量維持率とする。サイクル試験は、4.2Vの電圧で、25℃の恒温槽内で行った。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液に第二添加剤としてビニレンカーボネートを1wt%含むのを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液に第二添加剤としてビニレンカーボネートを2wt%含むのを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
以下の方法で合成した環状ボロキシンを電解液添加剤として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、電池のサイクル試験をした。
電解液にビニレンカーボネートを1wt%添加したものを用いた以外は、比較例4と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験した。
電解液にビニレンカーボネートを2wt%添加したものを用いた以外は、比較例4と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験した。
無水ホウ酸とトリメチルホウ酸からトリメトキシボロキシンを合成し、これを凍結乾燥したもの添加剤として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、サイクル試験をした。合成したトリメトキシボロキシンは室温で液状であった。
Claims (13)
- 一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、Rはそれぞれ独立して炭素数1以上の有機基である。)で表されることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記Rはそれぞれ独立して炭素数2以上6以下の有機基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記Rは、-CH(CH3)2、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-C6H11のいずれかである請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記m及び前記nは、n≦mの関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤を含む電気化学素子用電解液。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤を含む電気化学素子。
- 非水電解液を備える電気化学素子であって、
前記非水電解液は、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤と、非水溶媒と、を含むことを特徴とする電気化学素子。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤と、非水溶媒と、LiPF6と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であって、
さらにビニレンカーボネートを含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。 - 請求項9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であって、
前記ビニレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒と前記LiPF6の合計重量に対して2重量%以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。 - 正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記非水電解液は、請求項8乃至10のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、n≦mの関係を満たし、Rは炭素数1以上の炭化水素基である。)で表されることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法であって、
ホウ酸とアルコールの脱水縮合により合成することを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法。 - 請求項12に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法であって、
前記アルコールはメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、シクロヘキサノールのいずれかであることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法。
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US16/323,114 US20190190071A1 (en) | 2016-09-05 | 2017-07-19 | Additive for Electrochemical Elements, Electrolyte Solution for Electrochemical Elements, Electrochemical Element, Electrolyte Solution for Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries, Lithium Ion Secondary Battery and Method for Producing Additive for Electrochemical Elements |
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KR1020197003147A KR20190025685A (ko) | 2016-09-05 | 2017-07-19 | 전기 화학 소자용 첨가제, 전기 화학 소자용 전해액, 전기 화학 소자, 리튬 이온 이차 전지용 전해액, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 및 전기 화학 소자용 첨가제의 제조 방법 |
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