JPWO2018042925A1 - 電気化学素子用添加剤、電気化学素子用電解液、電気化学素子、リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学素子用添加剤、電気化学素子用電解液、電気化学素子、リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018042925A1 JPWO2018042925A1 JP2018537013A JP2018537013A JPWO2018042925A1 JP WO2018042925 A1 JPWO2018042925 A1 JP WO2018042925A1 JP 2018537013 A JP2018537013 A JP 2018537013A JP 2018537013 A JP2018537013 A JP 2018537013A JP WO2018042925 A1 JPWO2018042925 A1 JP WO2018042925A1
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- Prior art keywords
- additive
- ion secondary
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
- electrolyte
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-IGMARMGPSA-N boron-11 atom Chemical compound [11B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WTYGAUXICFETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobarbital Chemical compound C=1CCCCC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O WTYGAUXICFETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004138 cyclobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphorylmethane Chemical compound CP(C)(C)=O LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQUDDWATQWCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VBQUDDWATQWCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexaphenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013365 molecular weight analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
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- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BIAZVPSOZLSQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yloxy borate Chemical compound CC(C)OOB(OOC(C)C)OOC(C)C BIAZVPSOZLSQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る電気化学素子用添加剤は、ボロキシン化合物の水和物であり、一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、Rはそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1以上の有機基である。)で表される。
ボロキシン化合物の水和物は、ホウ酸(B(OH)3)とアルコール(R−OH)の脱水反応により合成する。下記式1に示すように、ホウ酸とアルコールの脱水反応では、系中にH2Oが生成するためボロキシン化合物は水和物になる。
電解液(非水電解液)は、上述したボロキシン化合物の水和物と、支持塩と、非水溶媒とを含有している。支持塩としては、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)が少なくとも用いられる。支持塩としては、LiPF6のみを単独で用いてもよいし、その他のリチウム塩を併用してもよい。LiPF6と併用するその他のリチウム塩としては、例えば、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO2、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(F2SO2)2N、LiF、Li2CO3、LiPF4(CF3)2、LiPF4(CF3SO2)2、LiBF3(CF3)、LiBF2(CF3SO2)2等が挙げられる。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池の構造を模式的に示す断面図である。
正極10は、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出可能な正極活物質として、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含んでなる。正極10は、例えば、正極活物質と、導電剤と、バインダとを含んで組成される正極合剤層と、正極合剤層が片面又は両面に塗工された正極集電体とを備えて構成される。正極活物質であるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一次粒子の状態で含まれていてもよいし、二次粒子を形成した状態で含まれていてもよい。
セパレータ11は、正極10と負極12とが直接接触して短絡が生じるのを防止するために備えられる。セパレータ11としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド樹脂等の微多孔質フィルムや、このような微多孔質フィルムの表面にアルミナ粒子等の耐熱性物質を被覆したフィルム等を用いることができる。なお、セパレータ11の機能は、電池性能を損なわない程度で、正極10及び負極12自体に具備させてもよい。
負極12は、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出可能な負極活物質を含んでなる。負極12は、例えば、負極活物質とバインダとを含む負極合剤と、負極集電体とを備えて構成される。
以下の方法によりリチウムイオン二次電池用添加剤を合成した。
作製したボロキシン化合物を湿度20%、温度25℃のドライルーム中で10分暴露し、性状及び臭いを確認することにより物質安定性を評価した。大気中に暴露する前と後で、変化が小さいものを「◎」、見た目の変化は小さいがホウ酸臭がするものを「○」、見た目に明らかな変化がありホウ酸臭が顕著なものを「×」とした。
正極活物質には、平均粒径10μm、比表面積0.8m2/gのLiMn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33O2を用いた。正極活物質85重量%に、塊状黒鉛とアセチレンブラックを9:2に混合したものを導電剤とし、結着剤として予め5重量%PVDFに調整されたN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液に導電剤を分散させてスラリーにした。この時、正極活物質、導電剤、PVDFの混合比は、重量比で85:10:5にした。このスラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔(正極集電体)にできるだけ均一かつ均等に塗布した。塗布後、80℃の温度で乾燥し、同じ手順でアルミニウム箔の両面に塗布乾燥を行った。その後ロールプレス機により圧縮成形し、塗布幅5.4cm、塗布長さ50cmとなるよう切断し、電流を取り出すためのアルミニウム箔製のリード片を溶接し正極10を作製した。
このように作製した円筒型の電池1について、25℃の恒温槽内で、充電電流1500mA、電圧4.2V、5時間の定電流定電圧充電をし、放電は放電電流1500mAで電池電圧3.0Vまで定電流放電した。この充電、放電プロセスを1サイクルとし、合計3サイクルした。この3サイクル目の放電容量を100%として、1000サイクル試験後の1500mA放電容量との比を算出した。この比を放電容量維持率とする。サイクル試験は、4.2Vの電圧で、25℃の恒温槽内で行った。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液に第二添加剤としてビニレンカーボネートを1wt%含むのを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
電解液にECとEMCを重量比でEC:EMC=1:2の割合で混合した混合溶液に電解質としてLiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度に調整した電解液に第二添加剤としてビニレンカーボネートを2wt%含むのを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験をした。
以下の方法で合成した環状ボロキシンを電解液添加剤として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、電池のサイクル試験をした。
電解液にビニレンカーボネートを1wt%添加したものを用いた以外は、比較例4と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験した。
電解液にビニレンカーボネートを2wt%添加したものを用いた以外は、比較例4と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、サイクル試験した。
無水ホウ酸とトリメチルホウ酸からトリメトキシボロキシンを合成し、これを凍結乾燥したもの添加剤として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、サイクル試験をした。合成したトリメトキシボロキシンは室温で液状であった。
Claims (13)
- 一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、Rはそれぞれ独立して炭素数1以上の有機基である。)で表されることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記Rはそれぞれ独立して炭素数2以上6以下の有機基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記Rは、−CH(CH3)2、−CH3、−CH2CH3、−C6H11のいずれかである請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 前記m及び前記nは、n≦mの関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤を含む電気化学素子用電解液。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤を含む電気化学素子。
- 非水電解液を備える電気化学素子であって、
前記非水電解液は、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤と、非水溶媒と、を含むことを特徴とする電気化学素子。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤と、非水溶媒と、LiPF6と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であって、
さらにビニレンカーボネートを含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。 - 請求項9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であって、
前記ビニレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒と前記LiPF6の合計重量に対して2重量%以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。 - 正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記非水電解液は、請求項8乃至10のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 一般式:[(BO)3(OR)3]m(H2O)n(式中m、nは1以上の整数であって、n≦mの関係を満たし、Rは炭素数1以上の炭化水素基である。)で表されることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法であって、
ホウ酸とアルコールの脱水縮合により合成することを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法。 - 請求項12に記載の電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法であって、
前記アルコールはメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、シクロヘキサノールのいずれかであることを特徴とする電気化学素子用添加剤の製造方法。
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