WO2018028301A1 - 电池锁止装置、新能源交通工具及装拆动力电池的方法 - Google Patents

电池锁止装置、新能源交通工具及装拆动力电池的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028301A1
WO2018028301A1 PCT/CN2017/088293 CN2017088293W WO2018028301A1 WO 2018028301 A1 WO2018028301 A1 WO 2018028301A1 CN 2017088293 W CN2017088293 W CN 2017088293W WO 2018028301 A1 WO2018028301 A1 WO 2018028301A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
locking device
new energy
pressure plate
nut
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/088293
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹长久
朱海涛
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP17835441.1A priority Critical patent/EP3336929B1/en
Priority to US15/751,740 priority patent/US10763474B1/en
Publication of WO2018028301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018028301A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of new energy vehicles; in particular, the invention relates to a battery locking device for a new energy vehicle.
  • the present invention also relates to a new energy vehicle including such a battery lock device, and a method of installing and detaching a power battery to a new energy vehicle using such a battery lock device.
  • New energy vehicles are a typical new energy vehicle.
  • the waiting time of the vehicle power battery charging is long, and improper operation may easily affect the battery life.
  • the power battery quick-change method using the vehicle-mounted power-changing driving motor involves many parts, complicated structure, poor reliability, large occupied space, and increased bicycle cost.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a battery lock device which is simple and compact in structure, high in reliability, high in space utilization, and cost effective.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a battery locking device for a new energy vehicle, wherein the battery locking device comprises:
  • connection bracket adapted to be connected to the new energy vehicle, the connection bracket having a first connection hole and a double limit structure at the first connection hole, the double limit structure including a first limit And a second limit; a housing structure adapted to be fixed to a power battery of the new energy vehicle, the housing structure having a second connection hole;
  • the platen including a head portion and a post portion extending from the head portion and adapted to pass through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, on which a joint portion is formed a threaded portion of the nut, and the post portion has an end adapted to mate with a rotary operating tool;
  • the pressure plate and the nut engaged on the threaded portion lock the connecting bracket and the housing structure when the pressure plate is in the first limit; when the pressure plate reaches the When the second limit is described, the head of the pressure plate can be withdrawn from the connection bracket through the first connection hole to unlock the connection bracket and the housing structure.
  • the anti-rotation locking member has a dome shape, and includes a cover plate and a circumferential side wall extending from the first side of the cover plate.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the side wall and the outer circumferential surface of the nut are adapted to form a gap to prevent relative rotation;
  • the cover plate has a flange extending outside the circumferential side wall, and a retaining portion adapted to engage the housing structure is formed at an outer periphery of the flange;
  • An anti-rotation defining structure is formed at a junction of the outer peripheral surface of the circumferential side wall and the flange, the anti-rotation defining structure being coupled to the housing structure to prevent relative rotation therebetween;
  • a traction structure is formed on the second side of the cover.
  • the inner side of the circumferential side wall of the anti-rotation locking member forms a chamfer for guiding.
  • the housing structure has a circular top plate and a circumferential side wall extending from one side of the top plate, and is circumferential of the housing structure
  • An outward flange is formed at an end of the side wall, and a circumferentially extending groove is formed on a circumferential outer side surface of the flange; a retaining portion on the flange of the anti-rotation locking member is adapted to be engaged To the grooved, segmented inner flange.
  • the anti-rotation defining structure is a bevel tooth
  • the bevel tooth is fitted in a shape of a tapered groove distributed along an inner circumference at a flange of the housing structure.
  • the bevel teeth and the tapered groove can simultaneously achieve the dual functions of anti-rotation and guiding.
  • the traction structure is a groove or a through hole having an internal thread.
  • the connecting bracket has a substantially vertical first side wall and a second side wall, and the first side wall is formed with a new energy source for connecting a mounting hole of the vehicle, the double limiting structure and the first connecting hole are disposed on the second side wall.
  • the first connecting hole and the bottom surface of the pressure plate have a uniform long square shape.
  • the first limit is a locking groove perpendicular to the first connecting hole on a surface of the second side wall
  • the second The limit is a shoulder that keeps the head of the pressure plate aligned with the first connection hole
  • the end of the post portion has a truncated polygonal pyramid shape.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a new energy vehicle having a power battery mounted using the battery lock device of any of the foregoing first aspects.
  • the new source vehicle is a new energy vehicle.
  • connection bracket of the battery locking device is connected to the body of the new energy vehicle, and/or the housing structure of the battery locking device is fixed. To the battery case of the power battery.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method of installing and disassembling a power battery to a new energy vehicle using the battery lock device of any of the foregoing first aspects, wherein the installation
  • the steps include: (1) causing the power battery with the battery locking device to reach the installation position, and (2) rotating the pressure plate of the power battery to align with the first connection hole of the connection bracket, (3) Passing the head of the pressure plate through the first connection hole and rotating the pressure plate using the rotary operation tool until the head of the pressure plate enters the first limit, and (4) tightening the nut, ( 5) mounting the anti-rotation locking member between the housing structure and the nut; and/or, the step of disassembling comprises: (1) removing the anti-rotation locking member, (2) Unscrewing the nut, (3) pushing the platen up, (4) turning the head of the platen to the second limit using the rotary operating tool, (5) locking the battery The device and the power battery are lowered and then removed.
  • the invention is suitable for the occasion of rapid battery replacement, by only in new energy vehicles such as automobiles
  • the locking and quick-removing functions are retained to move the motor drive function to the matching power station device, which simplifies the mechanical structure, reduces the layout space, reduces the cost of the bicycle, and improves the reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective structural view of a battery lock device for a new energy vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, in a state in which a battery case of a power battery is connected to a new energy vehicle;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery locking device of Figure 1 taken along line A-A;
  • 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) respectively show steps of a battery quick change operation process performed by the battery lock device of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the connecting bracket of the battery locking device of Figure 1;
  • 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic bottom and side cross-sectional views, respectively, of the housing structure of the battery locking device of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure plate of the battery locking device of Figure 1;
  • 7(a), 7(b), and 7(c) are respectively a schematic perspective view, a side cross-sectional view, and a plan view of the anti-rotation locking member of the battery locking device of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the anti-rotation of the battery locking device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective structural view of a battery lock device for a new energy vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, in a state in which a battery case of a power battery is connected to a new energy vehicle.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery locking device of Figure 1 taken along line A-A.
  • the battery locking device 100 mounts a power battery (not shown) of a new energy vehicle (eg, a new energy vehicle, the same below) to the new energy traffic through the battery case 300 and the body 200.
  • Tool (not shown).
  • the battery skeleton and the vehicle door sill are respectively used as the battery case and the corresponding part of the vehicle body connected to the battery locking device 300; it should be understood that in different embodiments, the power battery can be selected.
  • the mounting of the power battery 100 is accomplished by other parts of the housing and/or other parts of the body (especially the chassis).
  • the battery locking device 100 may include a connection bracket 110, a housing structure 120, a pressure plate 130, a nut 140, an anti-rotation locking member 150, and the like.
  • the attachment bracket 110 of the battery latching device 100 is coupled to the body threshold by a bolt assembly 160 for connection to a new energy vehicle. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the attachment bracket 110 can be secured to a new energy vehicle in other manners such as, but not limited to, welding, riveting, and the like.
  • the use of bolt assemblies has the advantage of being detachable.
  • the connecting bracket 110 is further provided with a first connecting hole 111 and a double limiting structure 112 at the first connecting hole 111.
  • the dual limit structure 112 includes a first limit 112a and a second limit 112b; this is more clearly shown in FIG.
  • the housing structure 120 may be fixed to the power battery of the new energy vehicle by, for example, but not limited to, welding, etc., for example, may be fixed to the battery case 300 of the power battery so as not to touch the power battery itself.
  • the internal structure avoids the impact on the performance of the power battery.
  • the housing structure 120 has a second connection hole 123 therein.
  • the pressure plate 130 includes a head portion 131 and a post portion 132 extending from the head portion 131.
  • the post portion 132 extends through the first connecting hole 111 and the second connecting hole 123, and a nut 140 is attached thereto.
  • a threaded portion for engaging the nut 140 is suitably formed on the post portion 132, particularly in the middle portion thereof, and the post portion 132 has an end adapted to mate with a rotational operating tool.
  • the anti-rotation locking member 150 is detachable that locks the nut 140 relative to the housing structure 120. In the illustrated embodiment, it is coupled between the housing structure 120 and the nut 140 by a form fit to prevent the nut 140 from rotating relative to the housing structure 120; since the housing structure 120 is fixed relative to the battery housing 300, In the illustrated state, the nut 140 cannot be rotated, and the locking and anti-loose effect is advantageously achieved.
  • the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 can be withdrawn from the connection bracket 110 through the first connection hole 111 to unlock the connection bracket 110 and the housing structure 120.
  • This situation can be achieved by removing the anti-rotation locking member 150 and loosening the nut 140, so that the nut 140 is moved downward relative to the column portion 132 of the pressure plate 130 by a certain distance, and then the operating plate is used to push the pressure plate 130 upward to the first limit.
  • 112a is achieved by rotating the platen 130 to the second limit 112. It can be seen that the first connecting hole 111 is shaped to allow the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 to pass through at the first limit 112a and the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 to pass through at the second limit 112b.
  • the present invention adopts a screw fastening method and is equipped with anti-rotation and sealing.
  • the working principle is: the housing shell structure 120 is nested in the battery casing 300, and the pressure plate 130 fastens the battery casing 300 and the vehicle body 200 through the nut 140.
  • the anti-rotation locking member 150 locks the locked nut 140 to achieve the purpose of preventing loosening. By screwing the mechanical structure, the nut 140 does not need to be completely loosened to achieve rapid replacement and locking of the power battery.
  • 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) respectively show the steps of the battery quick change operation process performed by the battery lock device of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3( a ) shows the locked state to the relaxed state.
  • the state of the pressure plate 130 in FIG. 3( a ) shows the state of the pressure plate 130 rising upward and is separated.
  • the first limit 112a on the connection bracket 110 (in the illustrated example, the first limit 112a is in the form of a pressure plate anti-rotation card slot); in FIG. 3(c), the pressure plate 130 is rotated by 90° to the pressure plate 130 and the connection bracket
  • the detachment position of 110 is the second limit 112b; in FIG. 3(d), the battery case 300 with the pressure plate 130 is lowered, and the power battery is detached from the vehicle body 200.
  • the arrows in Figures 3(b) through 3(d) show the direction of movement or rotation of the platen 130, respectively.
  • Figures 3(d) to 3(a) shows the process of relaxing to the locked state. It can be understood that in the process of relaxing to the locked state, the moving or rotating direction of the pressure plate 130 needs to adopt a direction opposite to the arrow in FIGS. 3(b) to 3(d).
  • connection bracket of the battery locking device of FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the connection bracket of the battery locking device of FIG. 1.
  • the attachment bracket 110 can have a first vertical side wall 113 and a second side wall 114, wherein the first side wall 113 is adapted to be coupled to a new energy vehicle and the second side wall 114 is Suitable for connecting the pressure plate 130.
  • mounting holes for connecting the new energy vehicle are formed on the first side wall 113 of the connecting bracket, and the bolt assembly 160 passes through the mounting hole to be mounted to the new energy vehicle. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate the use of other numbers of mounting holes and bolt assemblies; again, those skilled in the art can also connect through the first side wall 113 using other common connections.
  • the bracket 110 is fixed to a new energy vehicle.
  • a double limiting structure 112 and a first connecting hole 111 are disposed on the second side wall 114 of the connecting bracket.
  • the first connecting hole 111 and the bottom surface of the head portion 131 of the pressure plate 130 may have a uniform long quadrangular shape so that the head portion 131 of the pressure plate 130 can be withdrawn through the first connecting hole 111 when the two are aligned.
  • the first connection hole 111 is required to be at least slightly larger than the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 at this time.
  • the long quadrilateral in the illustration has the advantage of being easy to machine.
  • the first limiting position 112a may be a locking groove perpendicular to the first connecting hole on the surface of the second side wall, as a locking limit of the locking state;
  • the second limiting position 112b is The head 131 of the holding platen 130 is aligned with the shoulder of the first connecting hole 111 as a limit to the pressing plate 130 during disassembly, and the platen phase is prevented from being disordered.
  • the double limit structure 112 of the connecting bracket 110 can achieve small stroke lifting and pressure plate error proofing; when disassembling, the pressure plate lift is small, and only needs to exceed the first limit 112a (the locking groove is shown in the illustrated embodiment)
  • the height of the side wall can be such that the length of the threaded portion on the post portion 132 of the pressure plate 130 can be shorter, which is both easy to process and easy to handle.
  • FIG. 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic bottom and side cross-sectional views, respectively, of the housing structure of the battery locking device of Fig. 1.
  • the cross-sectional view in Fig. 5(b) is cut through the center of the second connecting hole 123 of the casing structure 120 in Fig. 5(a).
  • the case structure 120 is fixed to the battery case 300 of the power battery by, for example, soldering or the like.
  • the housing structure 120 has a circular top plate 121 and a circumferential side wall 122 extending from one side of the top plate 121, the top plate 121 and the circumferential side wall 122 forming a cavity, which can be adapted to receive the column of the pressure plate as shown Parts, nuts, anti-rotation locks, etc.
  • the second connection hole 123 is a through hole at the center of the top plate 121, and the through hole is adapted to pass through the column portion 132 of the pressure plate 130, but restricts the passage of the head portion 131 of the pressure plate 130.
  • an outward flange 125 is formed at the end of the circumferential side wall 122 of the housing structure 120, and a circumferentially extending groove 126 is formed on the circumferential outer side surface of the flange 125.
  • the flange portion (inside) of the casing structure 120 is also formed with a tapered groove 124 distributed along the inner circumference for engaging with the anti-rotation locking member 150 to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure plate of the battery locking device of Fig. 1.
  • the platen 130 includes an integral head 131, a post 132 and an end 133.
  • the upper part of the pressure plate 130 is a pressure plate head 131 for locking or unlocking with the double limiting structure 112 on the connecting bracket 110; the middle cylindrical threaded portion is matched with the nut 140; and the lower part is a truncated polygonal pyramid (Fig.
  • the example is a quadrangular pyramid) with guiding features that can be used to cooperate with the rotary operating tool of the substation device.
  • the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 can be rotated by rotating the head 131 of the pressure plate 130 by using a rotary operation tool on the power exchange platform.
  • the power battery can be quickly disassembled or assembled in a position within the double limit structure.
  • the bottom of the head 131 of the platen 130 takes the shape of a long quadrilateral. It is conceivable to those skilled in the art that other regular profiles can also be used for the bottom; accordingly, the first limit and the second limit on the connecting bracket 110 can also adopt a shape corresponding to the regular profile.
  • the regular profile should have a non-circular shape.
  • the end 133 of the post 132 in the Figure may be in the shape of a truncated polygonal pyramid.
  • the tapered inclination enables the guiding action when the operating tool is engaged with the end 133, which facilitates tool operation.
  • the polygonal pyramid shape may be selected from other numbers of pyramid shapes such as three sides, five sides, and the like.
  • 7(a), 7(b), and 7(c) are respectively a schematic perspective view, a side cross-sectional view, and a plan view of the anti-rotation locking member 150 of the battery locking device of Fig. 1.
  • the anti-rotation locking member 150 can be in the form of a dome, which can include a cover plate 151 and a circumferential side wall 152 extending from a first side of the cover plate 151.
  • the cover plate 151 may have a flange 153 that extends to the outside of the circumferential side wall 152, and a retaining portion 154 adapted to engage the housing structure is formed at the outer circumference of the flange 153.
  • the retaining portion 154 on the flange 153 of the anti-rotation locking member 150 is a segmented inner flange that is adapted to engage a recess of the housing structure. In the assembled state, the inner flange can be joined to the recess 126 on the housing structure 120.
  • the inturned edge will buckle within the recess 126 when the anti-rotation locking member 150 is pressed into the housing structure 120; when the traction anti-rotation locking member 150 exits the housing structure 120 The inturned edge will be disengaged from the recess 126.
  • the anti-rotation locking member 150 can engage the nut 140 and the housing structure 120 in a manner that prevents rotation.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the circumferential side wall 152 and the outer peripheral surface of the nut 140 are adapted to form a clearance fit to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the circumferential side wall 152 has a hexagonal shape and is matched with the hexagonal shape of the nut so that relative rotation thereof can be restricted in the assembled state. There may be a slight gap between the inner circumferential surface of the circumferential side wall 152 and the outer circumferential surface of the nut 140 to facilitate assembly.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the nut 140 and the inner circumferential surface of the circumferential side wall 152 may also be mated with other suitable shapes.
  • the inner side of the circumferential side wall 152 of the anti-rotation locking member 150 forms a chamfer 157 for guiding action to prevent interference with the nut 140 when the anti-rotation locking member 150 is mounted, thereby causing inconvenience in installation.
  • an anti-rotation defining structure 155 is formed at the junction of the outer peripheral surface of the circumferential side wall 152 and the flange, and the anti-rotation defining structure 155 is joined to the housing structure 120 to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
  • the anti-rotation defining structure 155 can be in the form of a bevel tooth that is adapted to engage to the flange of the housing structure 120 when the anti-rotation locking member 150 is assembled within the housing structure 120
  • a circumferential tapered groove 124 locks the relative rotation between the two.
  • a traction structure 156 may be formed on the second side of the cover plate 151.
  • the traction structure 156 can be a groove or through hole having an internal thread. The groove or the through hole can cooperate with the operating tool of the power exchange platform. After the operation tool is rotated and connected to the internal thread, the anti-rotation locking member 150 is removed downward, which can realize quick disassembly and installation of the device. It can be understood that in this case, it is preferable to adopt a form of a groove, and it is possible to achieve dustproof, waterproof, and the like.
  • the traction structure 156 can adopt other specific structures, such as, but not limited to, a pull ring or the like, which is not exemplified herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the anti-rotation of the battery locking device of FIG. 1.
  • the lock nut 140 is designed with an anti-rotation mechanism to prevent torque attenuation; as shown in the figure, the inner hexagon of the anti-rotation locking member 150 cooperates with the outer hexagon of the nut 140 to prevent rotation.
  • the root of the locking member 150 is designed as a toothed structure (preferably a tapered tooth in the example) that fits a toothed groove of the root of the housing structure 120 (preferably a tapered groove in the example) with a guiding design.
  • the bottom edge of the anti-rotation locking member 150 is designed to cooperate with the groove of the bottom outer edge of the housing structure 120 to achieve the anti-rotation of the nut 140 and the limit of the anti-rotation locking member 150.
  • the hexagonal recess of the anti-rotation locking member 150 cooperates with the outer hexagon of the nut 140 and leaves a certain gap, and has a guiding structure, which not only realizes anti-rotation, but also absorbs assembly tolerances and seals.
  • the battery locking device in conjunction with the drawings, those skilled in the art will be able to implement a new energy vehicle having a power battery mounted using the battery locking device of the present invention.
  • a typical example of such a new energy vehicle is a new energy vehicle; in an alternative embodiment, the connection bracket of the battery locking device can be connected to the body of the new energy vehicle (especially the chassis), and / Alternatively, the housing structure of the battery locking device is fixed to the battery housing of the power battery, such as a battery bobbin.
  • the steps of installing include: (1) enabling the battery locking device
  • the power battery reaches the installation position, and (2) rotates the pressure plate of the power battery to connect it
  • the first connection holes of the bracket are aligned
  • the head of the pressure plate is passed through the first connection hole and the pressure plate is rotated using a rotary operation tool until the head of the pressure plate enters the first limit
  • (4) the nut is tightened
  • the anti-rotation locking member is installed between the shell structure and the nut; and/or the disassembling step comprises: (1) removing the anti-rotation locking member, (2) loosening the nut, and (3) pushing the pressing plate upward, ( 4) Use the rotary operation tool to turn the head of the pressure plate to the second limit, and (5) lower the battery lock device and the power battery and then remove it.
  • the battery locking device of the invention is a quick replacement and locking device for the power battery of the new energy vehicle, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, good reliability and high space utilization rate, and can achieve good technical effects by cooperation with the power exchange platform. Realizing new energy vehicles, such as automobiles, in the battery-changing operation mode, battery replacement is performed quickly and efficiently.

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Abstract

本发明涉及电池锁止装置、包括其的新能源交通工具以及装拆动力电池的方法。所述电池锁止装置包括：具有第一连接孔和双限位结构的连接支架；具有第二连接孔的壳体结构；压板和螺母，压板包括头部及穿过第一连接孔和第二连接孔的柱部，在柱部上形成有用于接合螺母的螺纹部、具有与转动操作工具配合的末端；相对于壳体结构将螺母锁紧的防转锁紧件，压板处于第一限位时，压板和接合在螺纹部上的螺母将连接支架和壳体结构锁止；压板达到第二限位时，压板的头部能经第一连接孔退出实现解锁。本发明适用于电池快速拆换的场合，仅在新能源交通工具上保留锁紧及快速拆换功能，简化了机械结构、减小了布置空间、降低了单车成本、提高了可靠性。

Description

电池锁止装置、新能源交通工具及装拆动力电池的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源交通工具技术领域；具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于新能源交通工具的电池锁止装置。
进一步地，本发明还涉及包括这种电池锁止装置的新能源交通工具，以及使用这种电池锁止装置向新能源交通工具安装和拆卸动力电池的方法。
背景技术
新能源汽车是一种典型的新能源交通工具。现有的插电式新能源汽车中，汽车动力电池充电等待时间长，并且不当操作易影响电池寿命。
换电式新能源汽车是未来发展的趋势。为了满足新能源汽车换电的商业模式，这种换电技术通过换电站中的换电平台实现动力电池的快速拆卸、更换、锁紧。现有的换电技术中常见的是将换电驱动电机装设在汽车上，通过换电平台将电池进给在位后通过汽车上的换电驱动电机来进行动力电池的装拆操作；但目前市场尚无成熟的规模化量产的同类产品。
现有的换电技术中这种使用车载换电驱动电机进行驱动的动力电池快换方式所涉及的零件多、结构复杂、可靠性差、占用空间大、单车成本增大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单紧凑、可靠性好、空间利用率高并且成本有效的电池锁止装置。
进一步地，本发明的目的还在于提供一种包括前述电池锁止装置的新能源交通工具，以及使用前述电池锁止装置向新能源交通工具安装和拆卸动力电池的方法。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第一方面提供了一种用于新能源交通工具的电池锁止装置，其中，所述电池锁止装置包括：
适于连接至所述新能源交通工具的连接支架，所述连接支架上具有第一连接孔和位于所述第一连接孔处的双限位结构，所述双限位结构包括第一限位和第二限位； 适于固定至所述新能源交通工具的动力电池的壳体结构，所述壳体结构上具有第二连接孔；
压板和螺母，所述压板包括头部及从所述头部延伸并且适于穿过所述第一连接孔和所述第二连接孔的柱部，在所述柱部上形成有用于接合所述螺母的螺纹部，并且所述柱部具有适于与转动操作工具配合的末端；以及
可拆卸的防转锁紧件，其相对于所述壳体结构将所述螺母锁紧，
其中，当所述压板处于所述第一限位时，所述压板和接合在所述螺纹部上的所述螺母将所述连接支架和所述壳体结构锁止；当所述压板达到所述第二限位时，所述压板的头部能够经过所述第一连接孔从所述连接支架退出从而将所述连接支架和所述壳体结构解锁。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述防转锁紧件呈圆盖状，其包括盖板和从所述盖板的第一侧延伸的周向侧壁，所述侧壁的内周面与所述螺母的外周面适于间隙地形状配合从而防止二者相对转动；
所述盖板具有延伸到所述周向侧壁外的凸缘，所述凸缘的外周处形成有适于接合所述壳体结构的保持部；
在所述周向侧壁的外周面与所述凸缘的结合处形成有防转限定结构，所述防转限定结构接合至所述壳体结构从而防止二者相对转动；并且
在所述盖板的第二侧上形成有牵引结构。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述防转锁紧件的周向侧壁的末端内侧形成起导向作用的倒角。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述壳体结构具有圆形的顶板和从所述顶板的一侧延伸的周向侧壁，并且在所述壳体结构的周向侧壁的末端处形成有向外的翻边，所述翻边的圆周外侧面上形成有周向延伸的凹槽；所述防转锁紧件的凸缘上的保持部为适于接合到所述凹槽的、分段布置的内翻边。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述防转限定结构为锥齿，所述锥齿与所述壳体结构的翻边处沿内周分布的锥槽形状配合。如此配置的电池锁止装置中，锥齿和锥槽能够同时实现防转和导向的双重作用。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述牵引结构为具有内螺纹的凹槽或通孔。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述连接支架具有基本垂直的第一侧壁和第二侧壁，在所述第一侧壁上形成有用于连接所述新能源交通工具的安装孔，在所述第二侧壁上设置所述双限位结构和所述第一连接孔。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述第一连接孔和所述压板的头部底面呈一致的长四边形。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述第一限位为所述第二侧壁的表面上与所述第一连接孔垂直的防松凹槽，所述第二限位为保持所述压板的头部对齐所述第一连接孔的台肩。
可选地，在如前所述的电池锁止装置中，所述柱部的末端呈截头的多边棱锥形状。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第二方面提供了一种新能源交通工具，所述新能源交通工具具有使用如前述第一方面中任一项所述的电池锁止装置安装的动力电池。
可选地，在如前所述的新能源交通工具中，所述新通源交通工具为新能源汽车。
可选地，在如前所述的新能源交通工具中，所述电池锁止装置的连接支架连接至所述新能源汽车的车身，和/或，所述电池锁止装置的壳体结构固定至所述动力电池的电池壳体。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第三方面提供了一种使用如前述第一方面中任一项所述的电池锁止装置向新能源交通工具安装和拆卸动力电池的方法，其中，所述安装的步骤包括：(1)使带有所述电池锁止装置的动力电池到达安装位置，(2)转动所述动力电池的压板使其与所述连接支架的第一连接孔对齐，(3)使所述压板的头部穿过所述第一连接孔并且使用所述转动操作工具转动所述压板直至所述压板的头部进入所述第一限位，(4)拧紧所述螺母，(5)将所述防转锁紧件安装在所述壳体结构与所述螺母之间；和/或，所述拆卸的步骤包括：(1)拆下所述防转锁紧件，(2)拧松所述螺母，(3)向上推动所述压板，(4)使用所述转动操作工具使所述压板的头部转至所述第二限位，(5)使所述电池锁止装置和所述动力电池下降然后移除。
本发明适用于电池快速拆换的场合，通过仅在新能源交通工具例如汽车 上保留锁紧及快速拆换功能，将电机驱动功能移至相配套的换电站装置上，简化了机械结构、减小了布置空间、降低了单车成本、提高了可靠性。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将更加显然。应当了解，这些附图仅仅用于说明的目的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围构成限制。图中：
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的用于新能源交通工具的电池锁止装置的立体结构示意图，其处于将动力电池的电池壳体连接至新能源交通工具的状态；
图2是图1中的电池锁止装置的沿A-A向的示意性剖面图；
图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)、图3(d)分别示出图1中的电池锁止装置进行的电池快换工作过程的步骤；
图4是图1中的电池锁止装置的连接支架的示意性立体图；
图5(a)、图5(b)分别是图1中的电池锁止装置的壳体结构的示意性仰视图、侧视截面图；
图6是图1中的电池锁止装置的压板的示意性立体图；
图7(a)、图7(b)、图7(c)分别是图1中的电池锁止装置的防转锁紧件的示意性立体图、侧视截面图、俯视图；以及
图8是图1中的电池锁止装置的防转示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。在各附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的技术特征，并且各图并非必定是按比例绘制。
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的用于新能源交通工具的电池锁止装置的立体结构示意图，其处于将动力电池的电池壳体连接至新能源交通工具的状态。图2是图1中的电池锁止装置的沿A-A向的示意性剖面图。
结合图1和图2可以看出，电池锁止装置100通过电池壳体300和车身200将新能源交通工具(例如新能源汽车，下同)的动力电池(未图示)安装至新能源交通工具(未图示)。需要指出的是，图中示意性地分别以电池骨架、车身门槛作为电池壳体、车身上相应的与电池锁止装置300连接的部位；应当了解，在不同的实施方式中，可以选择动力电池壳体上的其它部位和/或车身(尤其是车身底盘)上的其它部位来实现动力电池100的安装。
结合图1和图2可以看出，根据本发明的图示实施方式的电池锁止装置100可以包括连接支架110、壳体结构120、压板130、螺母140、防转锁紧件150等。
如图所示，电池锁止装置100的连接支架110通过螺栓组件160连接到车身门槛，从而连接至新能源交通工具。毫无疑问，所属领域的技术人员也可以想到用其它方式将连接支架110固定到新能源交通工具，例如但不限于焊接、铆接等。使用螺栓组件具有可拆卸的优点。连接支架110上还设置有第一连接孔111和位于第一连接孔111处的双限位结构112。从图中可以看出，双限位结构112包括第一限位112a和第二限位112b；这在图4中得到更清楚的显示。
在可选的实施方式中，壳体结构120可以通过例如但不限于焊接等方式固定至新能源交通工具的动力电池，例如可以固定至动力电池的电池壳体300，从而不会触及动力电池自身的内部结构、避免了对动力电池性能的影响。壳体结构120上具有第二连接孔123。
尤其在图2中可以看出，压板130包括头部131及从头部131延伸的柱部132。在图示的装配状态下，柱部132延伸穿过第一连接孔111和第二连接孔123，并且其上连接有螺母140。因而，可以想到，在柱部132上、尤其是其中段上适于形成有用于接合螺母140的螺纹部，并且柱部132具有适于与转动操作工具配合的末端。
防转锁紧件150是可拆卸的，其相对于壳体结构120将螺母140锁紧。在图示实施方式中，其通过形状配合接合在壳体结构120和螺母140之间，防止螺母140相对于壳体结构120转动；由于壳体结构120相对于电池壳体300固定，所以，在图示状态下螺母140不能转动，有利地实现了锁紧、防松的效果。
当压板130处于第一限位112a时，压板130不能相对于连接支架110转动，从而，压板130和接合在螺纹部上的螺母140将连接支架110和壳体结构120锁止，并且不会产生松动(即图1和图2中所示状态)。
当压板130达到第二限位112b时，压板130的头部131能够经过第一连接孔111从连接支架110退出从而将连接支架110和壳体结构120解锁。这种情况可以通过取下防转锁紧件150并且松动螺母140、使得螺母140相对于压板130的柱部132向下移动一定距离之后使用操作工具向上推动压板130胶离第一限位 112a并将压板130转动到第二限位112而实现。可见，第一连接孔111的形状构造成在第一限位112a时不允许压板130的头部131穿过而在第二限位112b时允许压板130的头部131穿过。
可见，本发明采用螺纹紧固方式，并配以防转、密封，其工作原理为：电池壳体300中嵌套壳体结构120，压板130通过螺母140将电池壳体300与车身200紧固，防转锁紧件150将锁紧后的螺母140锁止，以达到防松的目的。通过机械结构以螺纹连接，螺母140不需要完全松脱即可实现动力电池的快速更换及锁紧。
图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)、图3(d)分别示出图1中的电池锁止装置进行的电池快换工作过程的步骤。
图3(a)至图3(d)的工作过程示出了由锁紧状态至放松状态。具体地，图3(a)中压板130的状态为锁紧状态，压头131扣牢在连接支架110的第一限位112a内；图3(b)中示出压板130向上升程，脱离连接支架110上的第一限位112a(在图示示例中，第一限位112a呈压板防转卡槽的形式)；图3(c)中压板130旋转90°，至压板130与连接支架110的脱离位置即第二限位112b处；图3(d)中电池壳体300带压板130下降，动力电池与车身200脱离。图3(b)至图3(d)中的箭头分别示出了压板130的移动或转动方向。
与之相反，图3(d)至图3(a)的工作过程则示出了放松至锁紧状态的过程。可以了解，在放松至锁紧状态的过程中，压板130的移动或转动方向需要采用与图3(b)至图3(d)中的箭头相反的方向。
图4是图1中的电池锁止装置的连接支架的示意性立体图。
在图示的实施方式中，连接支架110可以具有基本垂直的第一侧壁113和第二侧壁114，其中第一侧壁113适于连接到新能源交通工具，而第二侧壁114则适于连接压板130。
如图所示，在连接支架的第一侧壁113上形成有用于连接新能源交通工具的四个安装孔，螺栓组件160穿过安装孔从而安装到新能源交通工具上。可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，所属领域的技术人员可以想到采用其它数量的安装孔和螺栓组件；同样，所属领域的技术人员也可以采用其它常用连接方式通过第一侧壁113将连接支架110固定到新能源交通工具。
如图所示，在连接支架的第二侧壁114上设置双限位结构112和第一连接孔111。在该实施方式中，第一连接孔111和压板130的头部131的底面可以呈一致的长四边形，使得二者对齐时压板130的头部131能够经过第一连接孔111退出。可以了解，此时需要第一连接孔111至少稍大于压板130的头部131。图示中的长四边形具有易于加工的优点。在双限位结构112中，第一限位112a可以为第二侧壁的表面上与第一连接孔垂直的防松凹槽，作为锁紧状态的防松限位；第二限位112b为保持压板130的头部131对齐第一连接孔111的台肩，作为拆卸时对压板130的限位，防止压板相位错乱。连接支架110的这种双限位结构112能够达到小行程举升以及压板防错；在拆卸时，压板升程小，仅需超出第一限位112a(图示实施方式中为防松凹槽的侧壁高度)即可，这样使得压板130的柱部132上的螺纹部分长度可以较短，既便于加工又便于操作。
图5(a)、图5(b)分别是图1中的电池锁止装置的壳体结构的示意性仰视图、侧视截面图。图5(b)中的截面图是经过图5(a)中壳体结构120的第二连接孔123的中心剖切的。
壳体结构120通过例如焊接等方式固定至动力电池的电池壳体300。壳体结构120具有圆形的顶板121和从顶板121的一侧延伸的周向侧壁122，顶板121和周向侧壁122形成了空腔，如图所示其可以适于接纳压板的柱部、螺母、防转锁紧件等。第二连接孔123为位于顶板121的中心的通孔，该通孔适于压板130的柱部132通过，但是限制压板130的头部131不能通过。
如图中所示，在壳体结构120的周向侧壁122的末端处形成有向外的翻边125，翻边125的圆周外侧面上形成有周向延伸的凹槽126。另外，壳体结构120的翻边处(内侧)还形成有沿内周分布的锥槽124，用于与防转锁紧件150接合防止二者的相对转动。
图6是图1中的电池锁止装置的压板的示意性立体图。从图中可以看出，压板130包括一体的头部131、柱部132和末端133。压板130上部为压板头部131，用于与连接支架110上的双限位结构112配合实现锁紧或脱锁；中间的柱状的螺纹部与螺母140配合；下部为截头的多边棱锥(图中示例为四边棱锥)，其带有导向特征能够用以配合换电站装置的转动操作工具。在图示的实施方式中，使用换电平台上的转动操作工具将压板130的头部131旋转90°即能够变换其 在双限位结构内的位置，可以快速拆卸或装配动力电池。
在图示实施方式中压板130的头部131的底部采用了长四边形的形状。所属领域的技术人员可以想到，该底部也可以采用其它规则型面；相应地，在连接支架110上的第一限位和第二限位也可以采用与该规则型面相应的形状。该规则型面应该呈非圆形的形状。
图中柱部132的末端133可以呈截头的多边棱锥形状。锥状倾斜使得将操作工具接合该末端133时能够提供导向的作用，能够为工具操作提供便利。可以想到，在其它实施方式中，该多边棱锥形状可以选用三边、五边等其它数量的棱锥形状。
图7(a)、图7(b)、图7(c)分别是图1中的电池锁止装置的防转锁紧件150的示意性立体图、侧视截面图、俯视图。
如图中所示，防转锁紧件150能够呈圆盖状，其可以包括盖板151和从盖板151的第一侧延伸的周向侧壁152。
盖板151可以具有延伸到周向侧壁152外的凸缘153，凸缘153的外周处形成有适于接合壳体结构的保持部154。在图示实施方式中，防转锁紧件150的凸缘153上的保持部154为适于接合到壳体结构的凹槽的、分段布置的内翻边。在装配状态下，该内翻边能够接合到壳体结构120上的凹槽126。由于内翻边处的弹性，在将防转锁紧件150按到壳体结构120内时该内翻边将扣在凹槽126内；在牵引防转锁紧件150离开壳体结构120时，该内翻边将从该凹槽126脱离。
为了将螺母140防转锁紧，防转锁紧件150可以以防止转动的方式接合螺母140和壳体结构120。
周向侧壁152的内周面与螺母140的外周面适于间隙地形状配合从而防止二者相对转动。在图示实施方式中，周向侧壁152的内周面呈六角形状，与螺母的六角形状相配从而在装配状态下能够限制其相对转动。周向侧壁152的内周面与螺母140的外周面二者之间可以稍存在间隙以便于装配。基于该示例，所属领域的技术人员可以想到，螺母140的外周面和周向侧壁152的内周面也可以采用其它适当形状进行配合。防转锁紧件150的周向侧壁152的末端内侧形成起导向作用的倒角157，以防安装防转锁紧件150时与螺母140产生干涉造成安装不便。
另外，在周向侧壁152的外周面与凸缘的结合处形成有防转限定结构155，防转限定结构155接合至壳体结构120从而防止二者相对转动。在图示实施方式中，该防转限定结构155可以呈锥齿的形式，在防转锁紧件150装配在壳体结构120内时，适于接合至壳体结构120的翻边处沿内圆周的锥槽124，锁定二者之间的相对转动。
另外，为了便于从壳体结构120上拆卸下防转锁紧件150，可以在盖板151的第二侧上形成有牵引结构156。在图示示例中，牵引结构156可以为具有内螺纹的凹槽或通孔。该凹槽或通孔可以配合换电平台的操作工具，该操作工具旋转与该内螺纹连接后，下行将防转锁紧件150拆掉，能够实现装置的快速拆卸与安装。可以了解，此时优选为采用凹槽的形式，能够实现防尘、防水等作用。在此，并不排除牵引结构156能够采用其它具体结构，例如但不限于拉环等，在此不一一例举。
图8是图1中的电池锁止装置的防转示意图。
结合图8可以了解，在本发明中，锁紧螺母140设计有防转机构以防止扭矩衰减；如图中所示，防转锁紧件150的内六角与螺母140的外六角配合，防转锁紧件150的根部设计为齿形结构(优选为示例中的锥齿)，配合壳体结构120根部的齿形槽(优选为示例中的锥槽)，同时带有导向设计。防转锁紧件150底部边缘设计内翻边与壳体结构120的底部外缘的凹槽配合，从而达到螺母140的防转以及防转锁紧件150的限位。防转锁紧件150的内六角凹坑与螺母140的外六角配合并留有一定间隙，同时带有导向结构，不仅可以实现防转，还可以吸收装配公差及密封。
通过以上结合附图对电池锁止装置的描述，所属领域的技术人员能够实现具有使用本发明的电池锁止装置安装的动力电池的新能源交通工具。可以理解，这种新能源交通工具的一个典型的示例为新能源汽车；在可选的实施方式中，电池锁止装置的连接支架可以连接至新能源汽车的车身(尤其是底盘)，和/或，电池锁止装置的壳体结构固定至动力电池的电池壳体，例如电池骨架。
进一步地，所属领域的技术人员可以了解，在使用本发明的电池锁止装置向新能源交通工具安装和拆卸动力电池的方法中，安装的步骤包括：(1)使带有电池锁止装置的动力电池到达安装位置，(2)转动动力电池的压板使其与连接 支架的第一连接孔对齐，(3)使压板的头部穿过第一连接孔并且使用转动操作工具转动压板直至压板的头部进入第一限位，(4)拧紧螺母，(5)将防转锁紧件安装在壳体结构与螺母之间；和/或，拆卸的步骤包括：(1)拆下防转锁紧件，(2)拧松螺母，(3)向上推动压板，(4)使用转动操作工具使压板的头部转至第二限位，(5)使电池锁止装置和动力电池下降然后移除。
本发明的电池锁止装置是新能源交通工具动力电池快速更换及锁紧装置，其结构简单紧凑、可靠性好且空间利用率高，通过与换电平台的配合能够实现良好的技术效果，能够实现新能源交通工具例如汽车在电池快换的运营模式中，迅速、高效地进行电池更换。
本发明的技术范围不仅仅局限于上述说明中的内容，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明技术思想的前提下，对上述实施方式进行多种变形和修改，而这些变形和修改均应当属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种用于新能源交通工具的电池锁止装置，其特征在于，所述电池锁止装置包括：
    适于连接至所述新能源交通工具的连接支架(110)，所述连接支架(110)上具有第一连接孔(111)和位于所述第一连接孔(111)处的双限位结构(112)，所述双限位结构(112)包括第一限位(112a)和第二限位(112b)；
    适于固定至所述新能源交通工具的动力电池的壳体结构(120)，所述壳体结构(120)上具有第二连接孔(123)；
    压板(130)和螺母(140)，所述压板(130)包括头部(131)及从所述头部(131)延伸并且适于穿过所述第一连接孔(111)和所述第二连接孔(123)的柱部(132)，在所述柱部(132)上形成有用于接合所述螺母(140)的螺纹部，并且所述柱部(132)具有适于与转动操作工具配合的末端(133)；以及
    可拆卸的防转锁紧件(150)，其相对于所述壳体结构(120)将所述螺母(140)锁紧，
    其中，当所述压板(130)处于所述第一限位(112a)时，所述压板(130)和接合在所述螺纹部上的所述螺母(140)将所述连接支架(110)和所述壳体结构(120)锁止；当所述压板(130)达到所述第二限位(112b)时，所述压板(130)的头部(131)能够经过所述第一连接孔(111)从所述连接支架(110)退出从而将所述连接支架(110)和所述壳体结构(120)解锁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述防转锁紧件(150)呈圆盖状，其包括盖板(151)和从所述盖板(151)的第一侧延伸的周向侧壁(152)，所述周向侧壁(152)的内周面与所述螺母(140)的外周面适于间隙地形状配合从而防止二者相对转动；
    所述盖板(151)具有延伸到所述周向侧壁(152)外的凸缘(153)，所述凸缘(153)的外周处形成有适于接合所述壳体结构(120)的保持部(154)；
    在所述周向侧壁(152)的外周面与所述凸缘(153)的结合处形成有防转限定结构(155)，所述防转限定结构(155)接合至所述壳体结构(120)从而防止二者相对转动；并且
    在所述盖板(151)的第二侧上形成有牵引结构(156)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述防转锁紧件(150)的周向侧壁(152)的末端内侧形成起导向作用的倒角(157)。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述壳体结构(120)具有圆形的顶板(121)和从所述顶板(121)的一侧延伸的周向侧壁(122)，并且在所述壳体结构(120)的周向侧壁(122)的末端处形成有向外的翻边(125)，所述翻边(125)的圆周外侧面上形成有周向延伸的凹槽(126)；所述防转锁紧件(151)的凸缘(153)上的保持部(154)为适于接合到所述凹槽(126)的、分段布置的内翻边。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述防转限定结构(155)为锥齿，所述锥齿与所述壳体结构(120)的翻边(125)处沿内周分布的锥槽(124)形状配合。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述牵引结构(156)为具有内螺纹的凹槽或通孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述连接支架(110)具有基本垂直的第一侧壁(113)和第二侧壁(114)，在所述第一侧壁(113)上形成有用于连接所述新能源交通工具的安装孔，在所述第二侧壁(114)上设置所述双限位结构(112)和所述第一连接孔(111)。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述第一连接孔(111)和所述压板(130)的头部(131)的底面呈一致的长四边形。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述第一限位(112a)为所述第二侧壁(114)的表面上与所述第一连接孔(111)垂直的防松凹槽，所述第二限位(112b)为保持所述压板(130)的头部(131)对齐所述第一连接孔(111)的台肩。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电池锁止装置，其中，所述柱部(132)的末端(133)呈截头的多边棱锥形状。
  11. 一种新能源交通工具，其特征在于，所述新能源交通工具具有使用如前述权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池锁止装置安装的动力电池。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的新能源交通工具，其中，所述新通源交通工具为新能 源汽车。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的新能源交通工具，其中，所述电池锁止装置的连接支架(110)连接至所述新能源汽车的车身，和/或，所述电池锁止装置的壳体结构(120)固定至所述动力电池的电池壳体。
  14. 使用如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池锁止装置向新能源交通工具安装和拆卸动力电池的方法，其特征在于，所述安装的步骤包括：(1)使带有所述电池锁止装置的动力电池到达安装位置，(2)转动所述动力电池的压板使其与所述连接支架的第一连接孔对齐，(3)使所述压板的头部穿过所述第一连接孔并且使用所述转动操作工具转动所述压板直至所述压板的头部进入所述第一限位，(4)拧紧所述螺母，(5)将所述防转锁紧件安装在所述壳体结构与所述螺母之间；和/或，所述拆卸的步骤包括：(1)拆下所述防转锁紧件，(2)拧松所述螺母，(3)向上推动所述压板，(4)使用所述转动操作工具使所述压板的头部转至所述第二限位，(5)使所述电池锁止装置和所述动力电池下降然后移除。
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