WO2017191945A1 - 담체-나노입자 복합체, 이를 포함하는 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
담체-나노입자 복합체, 이를 포함하는 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017191945A1 WO2017191945A1 PCT/KR2017/004560 KR2017004560W WO2017191945A1 WO 2017191945 A1 WO2017191945 A1 WO 2017191945A1 KR 2017004560 W KR2017004560 W KR 2017004560W WO 2017191945 A1 WO2017191945 A1 WO 2017191945A1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present specification relates to a carrier-nanoparticle composite, a catalyst comprising the same, an electrochemical cell or a fuel cell including the catalyst, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- Carbon black is generally used as a support for a fuel cell catalyst. However, when carbon black is used as a support, problems of durability due to corrosion of carbon occur.
- the present specification is to provide a carrier-nanoparticle composite, a catalyst comprising the same, an electrochemical cell or a fuel cell including the catalyst, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- a carbon carrier A polymer layer provided on the surface of the carbon carrier and having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by Formula 12; And it provides a carrier-nanoparticle composite comprising a metal nanoparticle provided on the polymer layer.
- X is a monovalent cation group.
- the present specification provides a catalyst comprising the carrier-nanoparticle complex.
- the present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell including the catalyst.
- the present specification includes an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane provided between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, wherein at least one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer includes the carrier-nanoparticle composite. Provide the conjugate.
- the present specification is to form a polymer layer having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by the following formula (12) on a carbon carrier; And adding a carbon carrier and a metal precursor on which the polymer layer is formed to a solvent to form metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier.
- X is a monovalent cation group.
- the carrier-nanoparticle composite according to one embodiment of the present specification has an advantage of excellent dispersibility of metal nanoparticles.
- the carrier-nanoparticle composite according to one embodiment of the present specification has an advantage of excellent thermal stability.
- the carrier-nanoparticle complex according to one embodiment of the present specification can deliver protons to the active metal site well, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the metal nanoparticles.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of electricity generation of a fuel cell.
- FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the structure of a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell.
- FIG 3 is a view schematically showing an embodiment of a fuel cell.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the surface of the carrier-nanoparticle composite of an embodiment of the present specification.
- FIG. 5 is a TEM measurement image of the carrier-nanoparticle composite prepared in Example 1.
- Example 6 is a FT-IR analysis graph for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 together with PEI.
- Example 7 is a FT-IR analysis graph for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 together with Nafion.
- Example 8 is a graph showing the results of unit cell performance in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 together with a commercial catalyst.
- a carbon carrier A polymer layer provided on the surface of the carbon carrier and having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by Formula 12; And it provides a carrier-nanoparticle composite comprising a metal nanoparticle provided on the polymer layer.
- X is a monovalent cation group.
- the carbon carrier is carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphite (Graphite), graphene (Graphene), activated carbon, porous carbon (Mesoporous Carbon), carbon fiber (Carbon fiber) and carbon nano wire (Carbon nano wire) It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- Some or all of the surface of the carbon carrier may be provided with a polymer layer. 50% or more and 100% or less of the polymer layer on the surface of the carbon carrier may be provided, specifically, 75% or more and 100% or less may be provided with the polymer layer.
- the nitrogen element content of the amine group is 0.01% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less
- the sulfur element content of the hydrogen ion exchange group of Formula 12 is 0.01% by weight or more and 1% by weight. It may be: If the content of sulfur element exceeds 1% by weight, the surface of the carrier becomes too hydrophilic and may adversely affect the water discharge from the cell.
- the polymer layer includes a polyalkyleneimine having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange polymer having the hydrogen ion exchange group, or a polyalkyleneimine having an amine group and a polymer derived from a hydrogen ion exchange polymer having the hydrogen ion exchange group. can do.
- the weight ratio (PEI / Ionomer) of the polyalkyleneimine (PEI) and the hydrogen ion exchange polymer (Ionomer) may be 15 or more and 100 or less.
- the polyalkyleneimine may be a polymer having an aliphatic hydrocarbon main chain and including at least 10 or more amine groups in the main chain and the side chain.
- the amine group includes a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a tertiary amine group, and a quaternary amine group
- the amine groups included in the main chain and the side chain of the polyalkyleneimine are a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, At least one of the tertiary amine group and the quaternary amine group may be ten or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimine may be 500 or more and 1,000,000 or less.
- the polyalkyleneimine may include at least one of a repeating unit represented by the following Formula 1 and a repeating unit represented by the following Formula 2.
- E1 and E2 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R is a substituent represented by any one of the following Formulas 3 to 5
- o and p are each an integer of 1 to 1000
- A1 to A3 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and R1 to R3 are each independently a substituent represented by any one of Formulas 6 to 8,
- A4 to A6 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R4 to R6 are each independently a substituent represented by Formula 9,
- A7 is an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the polyalkyleneimine may include at least one of a compound represented by Formula 10 and a compound represented by Formula 11 below.
- X1, X2, Y1, Y2 and Y3 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R is a substituent represented by any one of the following Formulas 3 to 5
- q is 1 to 1000 Is an integer
- n and m are each an integer of 1 to 5
- l is an integer of 1 to 200
- A1 to A3 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and R1 to R3 are each independently a substituent represented by any one of Formulas 6 to 8,
- A4 to A6 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R4 to R6 are each independently a substituent represented by Formula 9,
- A7 is an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched chain, carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, ethylene group, propylene group, isopropylene group, butylene group, t-butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, heptylene group and the like.
- the hydrogen ion exchange polymer includes a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by the following formula (12).
- X is a monovalent cation group.
- the amine group on the surface of the polymer layer is bonded with platinum particles, which are metal nanoparticles, and H + is transferred to the platinum particles, which are active metal sites, through the hydrogen ion exchanger of the polymer layer on the surface of the carbon carrier. It is easy to use platinum particles.
- the hydrogen ion exchange polymer is not particularly limited as long as it includes a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by Chemical Formula 12, and those commonly used in the art may be used.
- the hydrogen ion exchange polymer may be a hydrocarbon-based polymer, a partially fluorine-based polymer or a fluorine-based polymer.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer may be a hydrocarbon-based sulfonated polymer without a fluorine group, on the contrary, the fluorine-based polymer may be a sulfonated polymer saturated with a fluorine group, and the partial fluorine-based polymer may be a sulfonated polymer not saturated with a fluorine group. have.
- the hydrogen ion exchange polymer may be a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, a hydrocarbon polymer, an aromatic sulfone polymer, an aromatic ketone polymer, a polybenzimidazole polymer, a polystyrene polymer, a polyester polymer, a polyimide polymer, polyvinylidene Fluoride polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polyphenylene oxide polymer, polyphosphazene polymer, polyethylene naphthalate polymer, polyester polymer, doped polybenzimidazole polymer It may be one or two or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyether ketone-based polymer, polyphenylquinoxaline-based polymer, polysulfone-based polymer, polypyrrole-based polymer and polyaniline-based polymer.
- the polymer may be a single copolymer, an alternating copolymer, a random copo
- hydrogen ion exchange polymer examples include Nafion, sulfonated polyetheretherketone (sPEEK), sulfonated polyetherketone (sPEK), sulfonated (polyetherketone), polyvinylidene fluoride-graft-polystyrene sulfonic acid It may include at least one of (poly (vinylidene fluoride) -graft-poly (styrene sulfonic acid), PVDF-g-PSSA) and sulfonated poly fluorenyl ether ketone (Sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone)).
- the amine group of the polyalkylene imine and the hydrogen ion exchange group of the hydrogen ion exchange polymer may have a sulfonamide bond structure (Sulfonamide, -SO 2 -NH-) through a chemical reaction by bonding.
- the polymer layer may include polymers crosslinked with each other through a crosslinking agent capable of reacting with an amine group of the polyalkylene imine and a hydrogen ion exchange group of the hydrogen ion exchange polymer.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can crosslink the amine group of the polyalkylene imine and the hydrogen ion exchange group of the hydrogen ion exchange polymer.
- POCl 3 may be used.
- the polymer layer is a hydrogen ion exchange polymer (P1-SO 3 H) of the hydrogen-ion exchange polymer and the amine group (P2-NH 2 ) of the polyalkylene imine crosslinked with each other by POCl 3 as a crosslinking agent
- the sulfonamide bond structure (Sulfonamide, -SO 2 -NH-) may include a polymer formed.
- P1 is a hydrogen ion exchange polymer except -SO 3 H which is a hydrogen ion exchange group
- P2 is a polyalkyleneimine except -NH 2 in an amine group.
- the metal nanoparticle may be bonded to the amine group of the polymer layer, and specifically, may be bonded to the amine group of the polyalkyleneimine.
- the metal nanoparticles are platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), molybdenum (Mo), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), rhenium (Re), palladium (Pd), vanadium (V), Tungsten (W), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Selenium (Se), Nickel (Ni), Bismuth (Bi), Tin (Sn), Chromium (Cr), Titanium (Ti), Gold (Au), It may include one or two or more metals selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu).
- the metal nanoparticles are platinum (Pt); And a platinum alloy in which iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), or ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) are alloyed.
- the average particle diameter of the metal nanoparticles may be 2 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and specifically 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the metal nanoparticles are well dispersed without agglomeration with each other on the carbon carrier, and thus there is an advantage of high catalytic efficiency.
- the average particle diameter of the metal nanoparticle means an average of the length of the longest line among the lines connecting two points of the surface of the metal nanoparticle.
- the metal nanoparticles may have a spherical shape.
- the spherical shape does not mean only a perfect spherical shape, but may include an approximately spherical shape.
- the metal nanoparticle may not have a spherical outer surface, and a radius of curvature may not be constant in one metal nanoparticle.
- the content of the metal nanoparticles may be 15 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of the carrier-nanoparticle composite. Specifically, the content of the metal nanoparticles may be 20 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of the carrier-nanoparticle composite.
- the present specification provides a catalyst including the carrier-nanoparticle complex.
- the present specification provides an electrochemical cell including the catalyst.
- the electrochemical cell means a battery using a chemical reaction, and if the polymer electrolyte membrane is provided, the type thereof is not particularly limited.
- the electrochemical cell may be a fuel cell, a metal secondary battery, or a flow battery.
- the present specification provides an electrochemical cell module that includes an electrochemical cell as a unit cell.
- the electrochemical cell module may be formed by inserting and stacking bipolar plates between flow cells according to one embodiment of the present application.
- the battery module may be used as a power source for an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage device.
- the present specification includes an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane provided between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, wherein at least one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer includes the carrier-nanoparticle composite. to provide.
- the membrane electrode assembly may further include an anode gas diffusion layer provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the anode catalyst layer provided with a polymer electrolyte membrane and a cathode gas diffusion layer provided on an opposite surface of the cathode catalyst layer provided with a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the present specification provides a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the principle of electricity generation of a fuel cell.
- the most basic unit for generating electricity is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which is an electrolyte membrane (M) and the electrolyte membrane (M). It consists of an anode (A) and a cathode (C) formed on both sides of the.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- An oxidation reaction of a fuel (F) such as hydrogen or a hydrocarbon such as methanol and butane occurs to generate hydrogen ions (H + ) and electrons (e ⁇ ).
- hydrogen ions move to the cathode C through the electrolyte membrane M.
- the cathode C reacts with hydrogen ions transferred through the electrolyte membrane M, an oxidizing agent O such as oxygen, and electrons to generate water W. This reaction causes the movement of electrons in the external circuit.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, wherein the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane 10 and a cathode 50 positioned to face each other with the electrolyte membrane 10 therebetween;
- An anode 51 may be provided.
- the cathode is provided with a cathode catalyst layer 20 and a cathode gas diffusion layer 40 sequentially from the electrolyte membrane 10, and the anode is provided with an anode catalyst layer 21 and an anode gas diffusion layer 41 sequentially from the electrolyte membrane 10. It may be provided.
- the catalyst according to the present specification may be included in at least one of a cathode catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer in a membrane electrode assembly.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the structure of a fuel cell, in which the fuel cell includes a stack 60, an oxidant supply unit 70, and a fuel supply unit 80.
- the stack 60 includes one or two or more membrane electrode assemblies as described above, and includes two or more separators interposed therebetween when two or more membrane electrode assemblies are included.
- the separator serves to prevent the membrane electrode assemblies from being electrically connected and to transfer fuel and oxidant supplied from the outside to the membrane electrode assembly.
- the oxidant supply unit 70 serves to supply the oxidant to the stack 60.
- Oxygen is typically used as the oxidant, and may be used by injecting oxygen or air into the oxidant supply unit 70.
- the fuel supply unit 80 serves to supply fuel to the stack 60, and to the fuel tank 81 storing fuel and the pump 82 supplying fuel stored in the fuel tank 81 to the stack 60.
- fuel hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel in gas or liquid state may be used.
- hydrocarbon fuels include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or natural gas.
- At least one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer may include a carrier-nanoparticle complex according to the present specification as a catalyst.
- the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer may each include an ionomer.
- the ratio (Ionomer / Complex, I / C) of the ionomer and the carrier-nanoparticle complex of the anode catalyst layer is 0.3 to 0.7.
- the ratio (Ionomer / Complex, I / C) of the ionomer and the carrier-nanoparticle complex of the cathode catalyst layer is 0.3 to 0.7.
- the I / C ratio used in the commercial catalyst is 0.8 to 1 (Book "PEM fuel cell Electrocatalyst and catalyst layer", page 895), considering the carrier-nanoparticle complex according to the present specification as a catalyst
- the amount of the ionomer required for the catalyst layer may be reduced by 20% by weight or more, specifically, by 30% by weight or more, and more specifically, by 50% by weight or more. In other words, it is possible to reduce the content of expensive ionomers and to maintain a hydrogen ion conductivity of a certain degree or more even with a small amount of ionomers.
- the ionomer serves to provide a passage for ions generated by the reaction between a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol and a catalyst to the electrolyte membrane.
- the ionomer may be a polymer having a cation exchange group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group and derivatives thereof in the side chain.
- the ionomer may be a fluorine polymer, a benzimidazole polymer, a polyimide polymer, a polyetherimide polymer, a polyphenylene sulfide polymer, a polysulfone polymer, a polyether sulfone polymer, a polyether ketone polymer It may include one or more hydrogen ion conductive polymer selected from polyether ether ketone polymer, or polyphenylquinoxaline polymer.
- the polymer ionomer may be Nafion.
- a step of forming a polymer layer having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by the following formula (12) on a carbon carrier And adding a carbon carrier and a metal precursor on which the polymer layer is formed to a solvent to form metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier.
- X is a monovalent cation group.
- the preparation method of the carrier-nanoparticle complex may be cited as described above with respect to the carrier-nanoparticle complex.
- the method for preparing the carrier-nanoparticle composite includes forming a polymer layer having an amine group and a hydrogen ion exchange group represented by the following Chemical Formula 12 on a carbon carrier.
- the forming of the polymer layer may include a carbon carrier comprising a polyalkyleneimine and a polyalkyleneimine having a amine group or a solution containing a hydrogen ion exchange polymer and a polymer derived from a hydrogen ion exchange polymer having the hydrogen ion exchange group. It may be a step of forming a polymer layer in a solution.
- the method of preparing a carrier-nanoparticle complex may include adding a carbon carrier, a polyalkyleneimine and a hydrogen ion exchange polymer to a solvent to prepare a first solution; And it may include the step of stirring the first solution.
- the first solution may further include a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent may have a reactor capable of reacting with an amine group of the polyalkylene imine and a hydrogen ion exchange group of the hydrogen ion exchange polymer, respectively.
- the method for preparing a carrier-nanoparticle complex may include adding a carbon carrier and a polymer derived from a hydrogen ion exchange polymer having a polyalkyleneimine and a hydrogen ion exchange group to a solvent to prepare a first solution; And it may include the step of stirring the first solution.
- the solvent of the first solution is not particularly limited, but may include at least one of water, ethanol, 2-propanol, and isopropanol.
- the content of the carbon carrier may be 14 wt% or more and 30 wt% or less.
- the content of the polyalkyleneimine may be 65% by weight or more and 85% by weight or less.
- the content of the hydrogen ion exchange polymer may be 0.1% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less.
- the content of the carbon carrier may be greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 3 wt% based on the solids weight of the first solution.
- the content of the carbon carrier is 14 based on the solids weight of the first solution. It is 30% by weight or more by weight, the content of the polymer derived from the hydrogen ion exchange polymer having a polyalkyleneimine and a hydrogen ion exchange group may be 70% by weight or more and 86% by weight or less.
- the total content of solids of the first solution excluding the solvent may be 0.3% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, and based on the total weight of the first solution, the content of the solvent May be 80% by weight or more and 99.7% by weight or less.
- the stirring time of the first solution may be 3 hours or more and 72 hours or less.
- the method of preparing the carrier-nanoparticle composite includes adding a carbon carrier and a metal precursor on which the polymer layer is formed to a solvent to form metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier.
- Forming the metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier may include adding a carbon carrier and a metal precursor on which the polymer layer is formed to a solvent to prepare a second solution; Adjusting the pH of the second solution; And it may include the step of stirring the second solution.
- the metal precursor is a material before reduction to the metal nanoparticles, and the metal precursor may be selected according to the type of the metal nanoparticles.
- the solvent of the second solution may include a polyhydric alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more hydroxyl groups, but may include at least one of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
- the second solution for forming the metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier does not include a surfactant. In this case, there is no need to remove the surfactant after the catalytic synthesis and there is no reduction of the active point by the surfactant.
- the content of the carbon carrier on which the polymer layer is formed may be 0.1 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less.
- the content of the metal precursor may be 0.1 wt% or more and 4 wt% or less.
- the content of the solvent may be 93% by weight or more and 98% by weight or less.
- the pH of the second solution may be adjusted to 10-11, and if the pH of the second solution can be adjusted, the pH control method is not particularly limited but by adding a certain amount of NaOH I can regulate it.
- the method of preparing the carrier-nanoparticle composite may further include removing the solvent after forming the metal nanoparticles on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier.
- the removing of the solvent may include removing the solvent and sintering the metal nanoparticles provided on the polymer layer of the carbon carrier.
- the solvent removal step may be a step of heat treatment in hydrogen or argon atmosphere.
- the heat treatment temperature may be 180 ° C or more and 300 ° C or less. Below 180 ° C., the solvent may not be completely removed, and above 300 ° C., the polymer on the surface of the carbon carrier may decompose or deform.
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- a transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurement image of the carrier-nanoparticle composite prepared in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 5.
- Infrared spectroscopy measured on the basis of raw carbon black for Comparative Example 1 on which only PEI and Example 1 on which PEI and Nafion are supported together with PEI used in Example 1
- the graph is shown in FIG. 6, with Nafion used in Example 1, with reference to Comparative Example 1 loaded with PEI only and Example 1 loaded with PEI and nafion as reference.
- Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) graphs are measured and shown in FIG. 7. As a result, it was confirmed that PEI was supported in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, and it was confirmed that Nafion was supported in the composite of Example 1.
- N and S in carbon carriers coated with PEI and nafion polymers were measured using pyrolysis ion chromatoghrapy.
- Example 1 Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and a commercial catalyst were mixed with isopropyl alcohol and 5 wt% nafion solution, respectively, to obtain a well dispersed ink. At this time, the commercial catalyst was used 40wt% Pt / C of Johnson Matthey.
- the catalyst ink was coated on a nafion membrane by using a spray equipment, and then hot pressed at 140 ° C to prepare a membrane electrode assembly.
- the size of the membrane electrode assembly was 2.5 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm, H 2 / Air was supplied under 100% humidification conditions, and the performance of a single cell was measured in an atmosphere of 80 ° C., and Pt per unit area was 0.4 mg / cm. 2 was.
- the results are shown in FIG. 8 and Table 3.
- Example 1 the current density was higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and the commercial catalyst, and high current density was shown in the low voltage region, which is the material transfer region.
- Example 2 which had a higher ionomer content, the performance was somewhat lowered and much of the advantages in the mass transfer area were also offset. It is thought that when the amount of ionomer is more than 1wt%, the surface of the carrier becomes more hydrophilic and the discharge of water generated is rather hindered.
- Example 1 even when used to reduce the content of the ionomer to about 22% compared to the commercial catalyst in the preparation of the catalyst ink showed better performance.
- the -SO 3 - functional group on the surface of the carbon carrier was able to transfer hydrogen ions sufficiently even with a smaller amount of ionomer. It is generally known that the optimum ionomer amount in the preparation of catalyst inks is between 33% and 50% of the catalyst weight.
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Abstract
Description
N(wt%) | S(wt%) | |
실시예 1 | 1.96 | 0.37 |
실시예 2 | 2.03 | 1.01 |
Claims (13)
- 탄소 담체;상기 탄소 담체의 표면에 구비되고 아민기 및 하기 화학식 12로 표시되는 수소이온 교환기를 갖는 고분자층; 및상기 고분자층 상에 구비된 금속 나노 입자를 포함하는 담체-나노입자 복합체:[화학식 12]-SO3 -X상기 화학식 12에서, 상기 X는 1가의 양이온기이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 고분자층은 아민기를 갖는 폴리알킬렌이민 및 상기 수소이온 교환기를 갖는 수소이온 교환 고분자를 포함하거나, 아민기를 갖는 폴리알킬렌이민 및 상기 수소이온 교환기를 갖는 수소이온 교환 고분자로 유래된 고분자를 포함하는 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 폴리알킬렌이민은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 반복단위 및 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 반복단위 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체:[화학식 1][화학식 2]상기 화학식 1 및 2에서,E1 및 E2는 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R은 하기 화학식 3 내지 5 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 치환기이고,o 및 p는 각각 1 내지 1000의 정수이며,[화학식 3][화학식 4][화학식 5]상기 화학식 3 내지 5에서,A1 내지 A3은 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R1 내지 R3은 각각 독립적으로 하기 화학식 6 내지 8 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 치환기이고,[화학식 6][화학식 7][화학식 8]상기 화학식 6 내지 8에서,A4 내지 A6은 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R4 내지 R6은 각각 독립적으로 하기 화학식 9로 표시되는 치환기이고,[화학식 9]상기 화학식 9에서,A7은 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이다.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 폴리알킬렌이민은 하기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 화합물 및 하기 화학식 11로 표시되는 화합물 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체:[화학식 10][화학식 11]상기 화학식 10 및 11에서,X1, X2, Y1, Y2 및 Y3는 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R은 하기 화학식 3 내지 5 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 치환기이고,q는 1 내지 1000의 정수이며,n 및 m은 각각 1 내지 5의 정수이고,l은 1 내지 200의 정수이며,[화학식 3][화학식 4][화학식 5]상기 화학식 3 내지 5에서,A1 내지 A3은 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R1 내지 R3은 각각 독립적으로 하기 화학식 6 내지 8 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 치환기이고,[화학식 6][화학식 7][화학식 8]상기 화학식 6 내지 8에서,A4 내지 A6은 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이며,R4 내지 R6은 각각 독립적으로 하기 화학식 9로 표시되는 치환기이고,[화학식 9]상기 화학식 9에서,A7은 탄소수 2 내지 10인 알킬렌기이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 금속 나노 입자는 상기 고분자층의 아민기와 결합된 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 고분자층의 표면의 전체 원소를 기준으로, 아민기의 질소원소의 함량은 0.01중량% 이상 5중량% 이하이고, 상기 화학식 12의 수소이온 교환기의 황원소의 함량은 0.01중량% 이상 1중량% 이하인 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 폴리알킬렌이민과 상기 수소이온 교환 고분자의 중량비는 15 이상 100 이하인 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체.
- 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 담체-나노입자 복합체를 포함하는 촉매.
- 청구항 8의 촉매를 포함하는 전기화학 전지.
- 애노드 촉매층, 캐소드 촉매층 및 상기 애노드 촉매층 및 캐소드 촉매층 사이에 구비된 고분자 전해질막을 포함하며, 상기 애노드 촉매층 및 캐소드 촉매층 중 적어도 하나는 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 담체-나노입자 복합체를 포함하는 것인 막 전극 접합체.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 애노드 촉매층 및 캐소드 촉매층은 각각 이오노머를 포함하는 것인 막 전극 접합체.
- 탄소 담체에 아민기 및 하기 화학식 12로 표시되는 수소이온 교환기를 갖는 고분자층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 고분자층이 형성된 탄소 담체 및 금속 전구체를 용매에 첨가하여 상기 탄소 담체의 고분자층 상에 금속 나노 입자를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 담체-나노입자 복합체의 제조방법:[화학식 12]-SO3 -X상기 화학식 12에서, 상기 X는 1가의 양이온기이다.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 고분자층을 형성하는 단계는 탄소 담체를 폴리알킬렌이민 및 수소이온 교환 고분자를 포함하는 용액 또는 아민기를 갖는 폴리알킬렌이민 및 상기 수소이온 교환기를 갖는 수소이온 교환 고분자로 유래된 고분자를 포함하는 용액에 넣어 고분자층을 형성하는 단계인 것인 담체-나노입자 복합체의 제조방법.
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EP3435460A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
US20200328430A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
EP3435460A4 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
JP2019520190A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
CN109075350B (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
CN109075350A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
US11245119B2 (en) | 2022-02-08 |
KR102096130B1 (ko) | 2020-04-01 |
KR20170124386A (ko) | 2017-11-10 |
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