WO2022216138A1 - 연료전지용 촉매층, 그의 제조방법, 막-전극 어셈블리, 그의 제조방법 및 연료전지 - Google Patents
연료전지용 촉매층, 그의 제조방법, 막-전극 어셈블리, 그의 제조방법 및 연료전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022216138A1 WO2022216138A1 PCT/KR2022/095030 KR2022095030W WO2022216138A1 WO 2022216138 A1 WO2022216138 A1 WO 2022216138A1 KR 2022095030 W KR2022095030 W KR 2022095030W WO 2022216138 A1 WO2022216138 A1 WO 2022216138A1
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- ionomer
- fuel cell
- catalyst layer
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- catalyst
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, a manufacturing method thereof, a membrane-electrode assembly, a manufacturing method thereof, and a fuel cell, and more particularly, efficiently dissipating heat generated inside the membrane-electrode assembly by excellent thermal conductivity of a heat dissipation material Catalyst layer for fuel cell that not only prevents a decrease in humidification due to high temperature and improves the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly by increasing the bonding force between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer by the second composite, a method for manufacturing the same, the membrane- It relates to an electrode assembly, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell.
- a fuel cell is a battery equipped with a power generation system that directly converts chemical reaction energy such as oxidation/reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen contained in hydrocarbon-based fuel materials such as methanol, ethanol, and natural gas into electrical energy. Due to its eco-friendly characteristics with efficiency and low pollutant emission, it is in the spotlight as a next-generation clean energy source that can replace fossil energy.
- a stack that actually generates electricity in a fuel cell is a stack of several to tens of unit cells composed of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and a separator (also called a bipolar plate).
- MEA membrane-electrode assembly
- separator also called a bipolar plate.
- the membrane-electrode assembly has a structure in which an anode electrode (Anode, or fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (Cathode, or cathode electrode) are respectively formed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween.
- Fuel cells can be classified into alkaline electrolyte membrane fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) according to the state and type of electrolyte, among which, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells have a low temperature of less than 100°C. Due to its advantages such as operating temperature, fast start-up and response characteristics and excellent durability, it is in the spotlight as a portable, vehicle and home power supply device.
- PEMFCs polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
- polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells include Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) using hydrogen gas as fuel, Direct Methanol Fuel Cell using liquid methanol as fuel, DMFC) and the like.
- PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell using liquid methanol as fuel
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, which solves the problem that the performance of the fuel cell is deteriorated under a high temperature or low humidity condition by applying a heat radiation material to the catalyst layer for a fuel cell.
- Another object of the present invention is to improve the bonding force between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer by randomly disposing a second composite including a heat dissipation material and a second ionomer at the interface between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer, thereby increasing the mechanical durability.
- a second composite including a heat dissipation material and a second ionomer
- An object of the present invention different from the above objects, in order to solve the problem of the decal method, a first homogeneous mixture through the steps of mixing the first ionomer solution and the aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed, and dispersing, drying and redispersing it
- a first homogeneous mixture By separately performing the steps of preparing a heat dissipation material and preparing a second homogeneous mixture including the heat dissipation material by mixing the heat dissipating material and the second ionomer solution, and mixing the second homogeneous mixture with the first homogeneous mixture, the polymer
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell for preparing a coating composition to be directly coated on an electrolyte membrane.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a membrane-electrode assembly including the catalyst layer for a fuel cell.
- Another object of the present invention is to directly coat the coating composition on the polymer electrolyte membrane, and then dry the coated polymer electrolyte membrane to obtain a second composite homogeneously distributed in the coating composition, the polymer electrolyte membrane
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly in which the interfacial bonding force is improved by precipitation at the interface between the catalyst layer and the catalyst layer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.
- An embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is a catalyst layer for a fuel cell including a first composite and a second composite, wherein the first composite includes a support, a catalyst including metal particles supported on the support, and the a first ionomer coated on a surface of the catalyst, wherein the second composite includes a heat dissipation material and a second ionomer, wherein the second ionomer is not coated on the surface of the catalyst, and the first The ionomer and the second ionomer provide the same or different catalyst layer for a fuel cell.
- (S1) a first ionomer solution, and a homogeneous mixture of an aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed, and dispersing them to prepare a first homogeneous mixture
- (S2) the first A method for preparing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell comprising preparing a coating composition by adding a second homogeneous mixture in which a heat dissipation material and a second ionomer solution are mixed to the first homogeneous mixture and dispersing them may be provided.
- Another embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object may provide a membrane-electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer for the fuel cell disposed on at least one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- Another embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object comprising the steps of directly coating the coating composition on at least one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane and drying the polymer electrolyte membrane coated with the coating composition, the coating
- the method for preparing the composition comprises the steps of (S1) homogeneously mixing the first ionomer solution and an aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed, and dispersing them to prepare a first homogeneous mixture, and (S2) in the first homogeneous mixture, a heat dissipation material and It is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly comprising adding a second homogeneous mixture in which the second ionomer solution is mixed and dispersing them.
- Another embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object may provide a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.
- a catalyst layer for a fuel cell that efficiently dissipates heat generated inside the membrane-electrode assembly due to the excellent thermal conductivity of the heat dissipating material.
- a catalyst layer for a fuel cell that solves the problem of deterioration of the performance of the fuel cell in a high temperature or low humidity condition by applying a heat dissipation material to the catalyst layer for a fuel cell.
- the bonding strength between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer is improved to improve mechanical It is possible to provide a catalyst layer for a fuel cell with improved durability.
- a first homogeneous mixture is prepared by mixing the first ionomer solution and an aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed, and dispersing, drying and redispersing it.
- a second homogeneous mixture comprising the heat dissipating material by mixing the heat dissipating material and the second ionomer solution with the second ionomer solution, and mixing the second homogeneous mixture with the first homogeneous mixture, the polymer electrolyte membrane It is possible to provide a method for producing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell to prepare a coating composition to be directly coated on the.
- the coating composition is directly coated on the polymer electrolyte membrane, and then the coated polymer electrolyte membrane is dried to form a second composite homogeneously distributed in the coating composition of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer. It is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly in which the interfacial bonding strength is improved by sedimentation to the interface.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a membrane-electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining that the second composite homogeneously dispersed in the coating composition in the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is settling at the interface between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of an electrode of the membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of an electrode of the membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of a second composite according to Example 3.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of an electrode of a membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 4.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- SEM 10 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing a second composite randomly distributed at an interface (or first segment) between a catalyst layer for a fuel cell and a polymer electrolyte membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An embodiment of the present invention is a catalyst layer for a fuel cell including a first composite and a second composite, wherein the first composite is coated on a surface of a support, a catalyst including metal particles supported on the support, and the catalyst a first ionomer, wherein the second composite includes a heat dissipation material and a second ionomer, wherein the second ionomer is not coated on the surface of the catalyst, and the first ionomer and the second ionomer provides the same or different catalyst layers for fuel cells.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 and the first to fourth segments 20, 20', 30, and 30' will be described later in FIG. 3 .
- the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell according to the present invention may include a first composite 18 and a second composite 28 .
- the first composite 18 includes a carrier 12 , a catalyst 16 including metal particles supported on the carrier 12 , and a first ionomer 14 coated on the surface of the catalyst 16 . can do.
- the carrier 12 facilitates electron exchange with the catalyst, and may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based carrier, a porous inorganic oxide, a zeolite, and a combination thereof.
- the carbon-based carrier is graphite, super P (Super P), carbon fiber (Carbon fiber), carbon sheet (Carbon sheet), carbon black (Carbon black), Ketjen black (Ketjen black), Denka black (Denka black), acetylene Acetylene black, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon sphere, carbon ribbon, fullerene, activated carbon, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanowire, carbon nanoball, Carbon nano horn, carbon nano cage, carbon nano ring, ordered nano-/meso-porous carbon, carbon airgel, mesoporous carbon, graphene, stabilizing carbon, activated carbon, and these It may be selected from at least one or more combinations of, but is not limited thereto, and carriers usable in the art may be used without limitation.
- the porous inorganic oxide may correspond to at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconia, alumina, titania, silica, and ceria.
- the surface area of the carrier 12 corresponds to 50 m 2 /g or more, and the average particle diameter corresponds to 10 to 300 nm (nanometers).
- the surface area of the carrier is less than the numerical range, a uniform distribution of the metal particles cannot be obtained.
- any catalyst that can be used as a catalyst for hydrogen gas oxidation reaction and/or oxygen gas reduction reaction may be used.
- the metal particles according to the present invention may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of a platinum-based metal, a platinum-based alloy, a non-platinum-based metal, and a non-platinum-based alloy.
- the metal particles may be disposed on the surface of the carrier 12 , and may correspond to penetrating into the carrier 12 while filling the internal pores of the carrier 12 .
- platinum (Pt) and/or a Pt-M alloy may be used as the platinum-based metal.
- M is palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), gallium (Ga), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron ( Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), lanthanum ( La) and rhodium (Rh) may correspond to any one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- platinum-based alloy Pt-M
- Pt-Pd platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Sn platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Mo platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Cr platinum-based alloy
- Pt-W platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Ru platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Ni platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Ru-W platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Ru-Ni platinum-based alloy
- Pt-Ru-Mo Pt-Ru-Rh-Ni
- Pt-Ru-Sn-W Pt-Ru-Ir-Ni
- Pt-Co Pt-Co-Mn
- Pt-Co-Ni Pt -Co-Fe
- Pt-Co-Ir Pt-Co-S
- Pt-Co-P Pt-Fe
- Pt-Fe-Ir Pt-Fe-S
- Pt-Fe-Au-Co Pt-Au-Fe, Pt-Au-Fe, P
- the non-platinum metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), and a non-platinum alloy. This can be used
- non-platinum alloy examples include Ir-Fe, Ir-Ru, Ir-Os, Co-Fe, Co-Ru, Co-Os, Rh-Fe, Rh-Ru, Rh-Os, Ir-Ru-Fe, Ir- Ru-Os, Rh-Ru-Fe, Rh-Ru-Os, Fe-N, Fe-P, Co-N, or mixtures of two or more thereof may be used.
- the first ionomer 14 according to the present invention may be coated on the surface of the catalyst 16 including the metal particles.
- the first ionomer 14 may be coated on the surface of the carrier 12 .
- the first ionomer 14 may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-based ionomer, a hydrocarbon-based ionomer, and a mixture thereof.
- the fluorine-based ionomer is a fluorine-based polymer containing fluorine in the main chain having a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group, or a polystyrene-graft-ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polystyrene-graft-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer, etc. The same may correspond to partially fluorinated polymers.
- the fluorine-based ionomer is, for example, poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), poly(perfluorocarboxylic acid), a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and fluorovinyl ether containing a sulfonic acid group, and defluorinated sulfided polyether It may correspond to a fluorine-based polymer including a ketone or a mixture thereof.
- the cation exchange group is a functional group capable of transferring a cation such as a hydrogen ion, for example, an acidic group such as a sulfonic acid group, a carboxyl group, a boronic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an imide group, a sulfonimide group, a sulfonamide group, etc. may be, and generally may be a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group.
- the anion exchange group is a polymer capable of transporting anions such as hydroxy ion, carbonate or bicarbonate, and the anion exchange group is commercially available in the form of a hydroxide or halide (generally chloride), and the anion exchange group Silver may be used in industrial water purification, metal separation or catalytic processes, and the like.
- a polymer doped with a metal hydroxide may be used in general, and specifically, poly(ethersulfone) doped with a metal hydroxide, polystyrene, vinyl-based polymer, poly(vinyl chloride), poly( vinylidene fluoride), poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(benzimidazole), or poly(ethylene glycol) may be used.
- the hydrocarbon-based ionomer may correspond to a hydrocarbon-based polymer having a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer is imidazole, benzimidazole, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyacetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, polyester, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherimide, selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketone, polyarylethersulfone, polyphosphazene, and polyphenylquinoxaline It may correspond to a hydrocarbon-based polymer including at least one in the main chain.
- the hydrocarbon-based ionomer is, sulfonated polyimide (S-PI), sulfonated polyarylethersulfone (S-PAES), sulfonated polyetheretherketone (Sulfonated polyetheretherketone, S-PEEK) ), sulfonated polybenzimidazole (S-PBI), sulfonated polysulfone (S-PSU), sulfonated polystyrene (S-PS), sulfonated polyphosphorus Sulfonated polyphosphazene, Sulfonated polyquinoxaline, Sulfonated polyketone, Sulfonated polyphenylene oxide, Sulfonated polyether sulfone ), sulfonated polyether ketone, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfone, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfone
- the second composite 28 according to the present invention may include a heat dissipation material 26 and a second ionomer 24 .
- the heat dissipation material 26 may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of metal nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyacetylene, polyimide, carbon-based nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.
- the metal nanoparticles may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Cu, Ni, Ag, and metal particles having a core-shell structure having excellent thermal conductivity.
- the size of the metal nanoparticles is preferably 5 to 30 nm (nanometers).
- the core-shell structure is defined as a form in which a material forming a shell (or shell) surrounds a material forming a core (or center).
- the metal particles having a core-shell structure according to the present invention form a chemical and mechanical protective layer for the core material by the shell portion and furthermore, have excellent thermal conductivity while maintaining the respective intrinsic properties of the core and shell constituent materials. It may correspond to a heat dissipation material.
- a metal or metalloid belonging to Groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table may be used as a core, and a metal having excellent thermal conductivity or relatively stable metal may be used as the shell.
- a metal having excellent thermal conductivity or relatively stable metal may be used as the shell.
- Cu@Ag, Fe@Al, or Cu@Au may be used.
- the metal particles having the core-shell structure may efficiently dissipate heat generated inside the membrane-electrode assembly during operation of the fuel cell.
- the ceramic nanoparticles may be at least one selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and beryllium oxide. .
- hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has properties similar to graphite and a plate-like structure compared to general boron nitride, and has excellent thermal conductivity, insulation, and chemical stability at high temperatures.
- the ceramic nanoparticles have excellent thermal conductivity, heat may be easily transferred to the outside of the catalyst layer, and moisture in the catalyst layer may be prevented from being evaporated.
- the average diameter of the ceramic nanoparticles is preferably 10 to 500 nm (nanometers), preferably, 30 to 300 nm (nanometers).
- the average diameter of the ceramic nanoparticles is larger than the numerical range, the increase in the surface area due to the large particles is insignificant, which may cause a problem that it is difficult to properly impart a heat dissipation effect. etc. may occur, which may cause a problem in which the function of the catalyst may be deteriorated.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene may correspond to 3,500,000 to 10,500,000 g/mol.
- Mw weight average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
- the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell catalyst layer may be reduced.
- the polyacetylene has a conjugation structure, which is a molecular structure in which single bonds and double bonds between carbons are alternately represented. Therefore, the pi electrons of the polyacetylene are delocalized over the entire molecular structure, so that the polyacetylene may have an excellent electric conduction effect and heat dissipation effect.
- the polyacetylene When the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyacetylene is 20,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, the polyacetylene may efficiently dissipate heat inside the catalyst layer due to its long chain structure.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited to the weight average molecular weight of the polyacetylene.
- the polyimide is known as a polymer having excellent heat dissipation performance as well as excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance and chemical resistance, and thus can be used as the heat dissipation material.
- carbon-based nanoparticles carbon nanofiber (Carbon Nanofiber), carbon black (Carbon black), acetylene black (Acetylene black), carbon nanotube (Carbon nanotube, CNT), carbon sphere (Carbon sphere), carbon ribbon (Carbon) ribbon), fullerene, graphene, activated carbon, and one or more combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the heat dissipation effect may be more pronounced, and heat generated in the membrane-electrode assembly to which the catalyst layer 25 for fuel cell is applied may be effectively discharged.
- the second ionomer 24 according to the present invention may not be coated on the surface of the catalyst 16 .
- the second ionomer 24 may include the heat dissipation material 26 , and the heat dissipation material 26 may be dispersed in the second ionomer 24 .
- the second ionomer 24 may surround the heat dissipation material 26 .
- the first ionomer 14 and the second ionomer 24 according to the present invention may be the same as or different from each other. Accordingly, the material of the first ionomer 14 and the material of the second ionomer 24 may be the same or different from each other.
- the equivalent weight of the first ionomer 14 and the equivalent weight of the second ionomer 24 are each independently 600 to 1100 g/eq, and the equivalent weight of the first ionomer 14 and the second ionomer 24 ) may be different from each other.
- one of the first ionomer 14 and the second ionomer 24 may be a fluorine-based ionomer, and the other may correspond to a hydrocarbon-based ionomer.
- the first ionomer 14 may be a first hydrocarbon-based ionomer
- the second ionomer 24 may correspond to a second hydrocarbon-based ionomer different from the first hydrocarbon-based ionomer.
- the first ionomer 14 may be a first fluorine-based ionomer
- the second ionomer 24 may correspond to a second fluorine-based ionomer different from the first fluorine-based ionomer.
- the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a functional additive.
- the functional additive corresponds to at least one selected from the group consisting of radical scavengers, gas barrier particles, hydrophilic inorganic additives, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, and combinations thereof. can do.
- the radical scavenger may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a metal-based peroxide decomposition accelerator, an organic peroxide decomposition accelerator, and a peroxide decomposition promoting salt compound.
- the metal-based peroxide decomposition accelerator is cerium ion, nickel ion, tungsten ion, cobalt ion, chromium ion, zirconium ion, yttrium ion, manganese ion, iron ion, titanium ion, vanadium ion, molybdenum ion, lanthanum ion, neodymium ion, silver It may include any one or more selected from the group consisting of ions, platinum ions, ruthenium ions, palladium ions, and rhodium ions.
- the metal-based peroxide decomposition accelerator may include an oxide of a metal or a noble metal.
- Oxides of the above metals or noble metals include cerium oxide, nickel oxide, tungsten oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide. It may include any one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the organic-based peroxide decomposition accelerator Syringic acid, Vanillic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Coumaric acid, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, It may correspond to one or more selected from the group consisting of chlorogenic acid, cynarine, gallic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the peroxide decomposition promoting salt compound may include a salt of a metal including a transition metal or a noble metal. It may be any one selected from the group consisting of carbonate, acetate, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, phosphate, tungstate, hydroxide, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate, acetylacetonate and permanganate salts of the metal, Specific examples of cerium include cerium carbonate, cerium acetate, cerium chloride, cerium acetate, cerium sulfate, cerium ammonium acetate, and cerium ammonium sulfate, and examples of the organometallic complex include cerium acetylacetonate.
- the gas barrier particles are clay, montmorillonite, saponite, laponite, mica, fluorohectorite, kaolinite, vermiculite. And it may be any one selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.
- the hydrophilic inorganic additive is SnO 2 , silica (Silica), alumina (Alumina), zirconia (Zirconia), mica (Mica), zeolite (Zeolite), phosphotungstic acid (Phosphotungstic acid), silicon tungstic acid (Silicon tungstic acid) ), zirconium hydrogen phosphate (Zirconium hydrogen phosphate), and may correspond to at least one selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.
- the hydrophilic inorganic additive may prevent a decrease in the conductivity of hydrogen ions under high temperature and low humidity conditions.
- the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst may be atomized or uniformly dispersed in the catalyst layer for a fuel cell to improve durability of the catalyst layer for a fuel cell through an effective water decomposition reaction.
- the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst may include an active material of a platinum-based metal and/or a non-platinum-based metal as described above. Hereinafter, descriptions of the active material of the platinum-based metal or the non-platinum-based metal will be omitted.
- Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of (S1) homogeneously mixing the first ionomer solution and the aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed, and dispersing them to prepare a first homogeneous mixture, and (S2) in the first homogeneous mixture, heat dissipation It corresponds to a method for preparing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, which includes preparing a coating composition by adding a second homogeneous mixture in which a material and a second ionomer solution are mixed and dispersing them.
- step (S1) a method of first dispersing a mixture in which the first ionomer solution and the aqueous solution in which the catalyst is dispersed are homogeneously mixed.
- One method selected from the group may be used.
- the first homogeneous mixture is dried at 80 to 120° C. for 8 to 10 hours. may include more.
- the method for preparing the catalyst layer for a fuel cell may further include heat-treating the dried first homogeneous mixture at 100 to 120° C. for 2 to 4 hours.
- the ionomer may form a hard bond with the catalyst surface, thereby reducing the activity of the catalyst or the catalyst-ionomer bonding strength may not be sufficiently formed.
- the method of manufacturing the catalyst layer for a fuel cell may include preparing a first composite by redispersing the heat-treated first homogeneous mixture.
- the heat dissipation material according to the present invention may be included in an amount of 1 to 51 wt%, preferably 5 to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the second homogeneous mixture. In other words, the heat dissipation material may be included in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight, preferably 6 to 20% by weight, based on the total solid weight of the coating composition. If the content of the heat dissipation material is less than the above numerical range, heat generated from the membrane-electrode assembly may not be effectively dissipated. It may be difficult, and since the second ionomer does not function as a free ionomer, the bonding strength between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer may not be improved. Accordingly, the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly may not be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. The above-mentioned parts and repeated descriptions will be briefly described or omitted.
- a first ionomer solution and an aqueous solution in which a catalyst is dispersed are homogeneously mixed and dispersed to prepare a first homogeneous mixture (S10) , drying the first homogeneous mixture at 80 to 120° C. for 8 to 10 hours, and heat-treating the dried first homogeneous mixture at 100 to 120° C.
- the step (S20) may include redispersing the heat-treated first homogeneous mixture to prepare a first composite.
- Another embodiment of the present invention corresponds to a membrane-electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer for a fuel cell disposed on at least one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a membrane-electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the above-mentioned parts and repeated descriptions will be briefly described or omitted.
- the first direction D1 may be defined as a thickness direction of the layers
- the second direction D2 may be defined as a direction crossing the first direction D1
- the second direction D2 may correspond to a direction perpendicular to the first direction D1 .
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 according to the present invention may include an ion conductor.
- the ion conductor may correspond to one selected from the group consisting of fluorine-based ionomers, hydrocarbon-based ionomers, and mixtures thereof.
- the ion conductor may have the same or different configuration from the above-described first ionomer. The above-mentioned parts and repeated descriptions will be omitted.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 is a fluorine-based porous support such as e-PTFE having a microstructure of polymer fibrils or a microstructure in which nodes are interconnected by fibrils, or a porous nanoweb support prepared by electrospinning, etc. As such, it may be in the form of a reinforced composite membrane in which an ion conductor fills the pores of the porous support.
- the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 may correspond to 3 to 100 ⁇ m (micrometer), preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m (micrometer). However, the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited to the thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the second composite 28 according to the present invention may be arranged irregularly or randomly in contact with some surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 .
- an ionomer-rich layer rich in the second ionomer may be formed, and the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 ) and the bonding force of the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell may be increased, so that the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly may be improved.
- a part of the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell according to the present invention is disposed on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 and includes a first segment 20 and a second segment 30 . can do.
- Another part of the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell according to the present invention is disposed on the other surface opposite to the one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 to form the third segment 20' and the fourth segment 30'.
- a segment is defined as encompassing a part or region, more broadly, a layer.
- the first and second segments 20 and 30 may function as anodes for generating hydrogen ions and electrons by receiving hydrogen gas.
- the third and fourth segments 20' and 30' receive the hydrogen ions and the electrons through the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 and an external circuit (not shown), respectively, and reduce oxygen gas supplied from the outside. It may function as a cathode for generating water.
- the first segment 20 may be in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 . In other words, it means that no member is interposed between the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 and the first segment 20 .
- the third segment 20 ′ may also contact the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 .
- the second segment 30 may be disposed on the first segment 20 .
- the second segment 30 may be disposed directly on the first segment 20 , and may be integrally formed with the first segment 20 .
- the meaning of 'the other member is disposed directly on one member' is defined as that no member is interposed between the one member and the other member.
- the fourth segment 30 ′ may be disposed on the third segment 20 ′, and specifically may be disposed directly above the third segment 20 ′.
- the second segment 30 does not include the second composite 28 or a second composite per unit volume of the second segment 30 ( 28) may be less than the content of the second composite 28 per unit volume of the first segment 20 .
- the fourth segment 30' does not include the second composite 28, or the content of the second composite 28 per unit volume of the fourth segment 30'. This may be less than the content of the second composite 28 per unit volume of the third segment 20'.
- the coating composition is directly coated on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 and then when the coated polymer electrolyte membrane 10 is dried, the second composite 28 settles toward the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 . because it becomes
- the thickness of the first segment 20 may correspond to 10 to 800 nm (nanometers), and preferably may correspond to 30 to 500 nm (nanometers).
- the thickness of the first segment 20 is less than the numerical range, the interfacial bonding strength strengthening effect may not appear, and when the thickness exceeds the numerical range, the amount of the ionomer increases and mass transfer may be inhibited.
- the thickness of the third segment 20 ′ may correspond to the numerical range similar to the thickness of the first segment 20 .
- the thickness of the second segment 30 may correspond to 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m (micrometers), and preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m (micrometers). When the thickness of the second segment 30 is less than the numerical range, the electrode loading amount is lowered and thus the activity may be reduced. can do.
- the thickness of the fourth segment 30 ′ may correspond to the numerical range similar to the thickness of the second segment 30 .
- the membrane-electrode assembly 100 may additionally include a first gas diffusion layer 40 and a second gas diffusion layer 40 ′.
- the first gas diffusion layer 40 may be disposed on a part of the fuel cell catalyst layer 25 .
- the first gas diffusion layer 40 may face the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 with the part of the fuel cell catalyst layer 25 interposed therebetween.
- the portion of the fuel cell catalyst layer 25 may be disposed between the first gas diffusion layer 40 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 .
- the first gas diffusion layer 40 may be disposed to face the first segment 20 with the second segment 30 interposed therebetween.
- the second gas diffusion layer 40 ′ may be disposed on a part different from the part of the catalyst layer 25 for a fuel cell.
- the second gas diffusion layer 40 ′ may face the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 with the other part of the fuel cell catalyst layer 25 interposed therebetween.
- the other portion of the fuel cell catalyst layer 25 may be disposed between the second gas diffusion layer 40 ′ and the polymer electrolyte membrane 10 .
- the second gas diffusion layer 40 ′ may be disposed to face the third segment 20 ′ with the fourth segment 30 ′ interposed therebetween.
- a porous conductive substrate may be used so that hydrogen gas or oxygen gas may be smoothly supplied to the first gas diffusion layer 40 and the second gas diffusion layer 40 ′, respectively.
- carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, or metal cloth a porous film composed of a fibrous metal cloth or a metal film on the surface of a cloth formed of polymer fibers) formed
- metal cloth a porous film composed of a fibrous metal cloth or a metal film on the surface of a cloth formed of polymer fibers
- the reactant diffusion efficiency is prevented from being lowered by water generated when the fuel cell is driven.
- the fluorine-based resin include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, polyperfluorosulfonylfluoride alkoxyvinyl ether, fluorinated ethylene propylene (Fluorinated ethylene propylene), polychlorotrifluoroethylene, or a copolymer thereof may be used.
- a membrane-electrode assembly manufacturing method comprising the steps of directly coating the coating composition on at least one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane and drying the polymer electrolyte membrane coated with the coating composition corresponds to
- Drying the polymer electrolyte membrane coated with the coating composition may correspond to drying at 50 to 120° C. for 10 to 300 seconds.
- the temperature of the drying step is less than the numerical range or the drying time is less than the numerical range, a sufficiently dried catalyst layer may not be formed, and the drying temperature exceeds the numerical range or the drying time exceeds the numerical range In this case, the process time is unnecessarily long, and cracks may occur in the catalyst layer.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining that the second composite homogeneously dispersed in the coating composition in the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is settling at the interface between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer.
- the second composite is precipitated into the polymer electrolyte membrane to form an ionomer-rich layer.
- various drying methods such as hot air drying, vacuum drying, infrared (IR) drying, etc. may be applied for the drying step.
- the temperature and time for drying can be appropriately adjusted according to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- Another embodiment of the present invention corresponds to a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 200 includes a fuel supply unit 210 for supplying a mixed fuel in which fuel and water are mixed, and a reforming unit for reforming the mixed fuel to generate a reformed gas including hydrogen gas.
- An oxidizing agent supply unit 240 for supplying the stack 230 may be included.
- the stack 230 induces an oxidation/reduction reaction of a reformed gas including hydrogen gas supplied from the reforming unit 220 and an oxidizing agent supplied from the oxidizing agent supply unit 240 to generate electrical energy.
- Each unit cell refers to a unit cell that generates electricity, the membrane-electrode assembly for oxidizing/reducing oxygen in a reformed gas containing hydrogen gas and an oxidizing agent, and a reforming gas containing hydrogen gas and an oxidizing agent.
- the membrane-electrode assembly may include a separator (also referred to as a bipolar plate, hereinafter referred to as a 'separator plate') for supplying the membrane-electrode assembly.
- the separator is disposed on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly at the center. In this case, the separating plates respectively positioned on the outermost side of the stack are specifically referred to as end plates.
- a supply pipe 232 is provided, and the other end plate includes a first discharge pipe 233 for discharging the reformed gas including hydrogen gas remaining unreacted in the plurality of unit cells to the outside;
- a second discharge pipe 234 for discharging the unreacted and remaining oxidizing agent to the outside may be provided.
- the separator constituting the electricity generating unit, the fuel supply unit, and the oxidizer supply unit are used in a normal fuel cell, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
- h-BN hexagonal boron nitride
- a second ionomer solution 10 wt%, S-PEEK; equivalent 725 g / eq
- the coating composition was directly coated on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane to prepare a membrane-electrode assembly.
- a membrane-electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the equivalent weight of the first ionomer was 725 g/eq and the equivalent weight of the second ionomer was 800 g/eq.
- a membrane-electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but instead of h-BN, 1 g of Cu@Ag (Cu core-Ag shell) metal particles in the core-shell form were mixed with the second ionomer solution.
- a membrane-electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 g of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was mixed with the second ionomer solution instead of h-BN.
- MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube
- the membrane-electrode assembly according to Examples 1 and 2 As shown in Table 1, the membrane-electrode assembly according to Examples 1 and 2, than the membrane-electrode assembly according to Comparative Example 1, satisfies the DOE standard (voltage reduction ⁇ 20% @500 hr), and a lower voltage It showed chemical durability of loss. From the above evaluation results, the membrane-electrode assemblies according to Examples 1 and 2 had improved chemical durability compared to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of an electrode of the membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of an electrode of the membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 1.
- the second complex (complex including the second ionomer and h-BN) is distributed around the first complex.
- FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of a second composite according to Example 3.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the second composite (composite including the second ionomer and the core-shell type metal particles) is distributed in the second homogeneous mixture.
- FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of an electrode of a membrane-electrode assembly according to Example 4.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the second composite (composite including the second ionomer and carbon nanotubes) is randomly distributed at the interface between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer (or electrode).
- h-BN exceeds 50% by weight based on the total weight of the second homogeneous mixture, h-BN is agglomerated so that the second ionomer (or free ionomer) forms an interfacial bonding force between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer It can be seen that it does not increase
- SEM 10 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing a second composite randomly distributed at an interface (or first segment) between a catalyst layer for a fuel cell and a polymer electrolyte membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the second composite in the first segment forms ionomer-rich layers randomly arranged on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
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Abstract
Description
시료 | 비교예1 | 실시예1 | 실시예2 |
OCV전압손실 | 30% | 9 % | 8 % |
Claims (20)
- 제1 복합체 및 제2 복합체를 포함하는 연료전지용 촉매층으로,상기 제1 복합체는,담체;상기 담체에 담지된 금속 입자를 포함하는 촉매; 및상기 촉매의 표면 상에 코팅된 제1 이오노머;를 포함하고,상기 제2 복합체는,방열 소재; 및제2 이오노머;를 포함하고,상기 제2 이오노머는, 상기 촉매의 표면 상에 코팅되어 있지 않고,상기 제1 이오노머와 상기 제2 이오노머는 서로 동일하거나 상이한연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 이오노머와 상기 제2 이오노머는 서로 상이한연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 이오노머의 당량 및 상기 제2 이오노머의 당량은, 각각 독립적으로 600 내지 1100 g/eq이고,상기 제1 이오노머의 당량과 상기 제2 이오노머의 당량은 서로 상이한연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 이오노머 및 상기 제2 이오노머 중 어느 하나는 불소계 이오노머이고, 다른 하나는 탄화수소계 이오노머인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 이오노머는 제1 탄화수소계 이오노머이고,상기 제2 이오노머는 상기 제1 탄화수소계 이오노머와 상이한 제2 탄화수소계 이오노머인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 이오노머는 제1 불소계 이오노머이고,상기 제2 이오노머는 상기 제1 불소계 이오노머와 상이한 제2 불소계 이오노머인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 방열 소재는,금속 나노 입자, 세라믹 나노 입자, 초고분량 폴리에틸렌, 폴리아세틸렌, 탄소계 나노입자 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 담체는,탄소계 담체, 다공성 무기산화물, 제올라이트 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 입자는,백금, 백금계 합금, 비백금계 금속 및 비백금계 합금으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나인연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제1항에 있어서,기능성 첨가제를 더 포함하는 연료전지용 촉매층.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 기능성 첨가제는,라디칼 스캐빈저(Radical scavenger), 가스 배리어(Gas barrier) 입자, 친수성 무기 첨가제, 산소 발생 반응(Oxygen Evolution Reaction; OER) 촉매 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나인연료전지용 촉매층.
- (S1) 제1 이오노머 용액과, 촉매가 분산된 수용액을 균질 혼합하고, 이들을 분산시켜 제1 균질 혼합물을 제조하는 단계; 및(S2) 상기 제1 균질 혼합물에, 방열 소재 및 제2 이오노머 용액이 혼합된 제2 균질 혼합물을 첨가하고 이들을 분산시켜, 코팅 조성물을 제조하는 단계를 포함하는연료전지용 촉매층의 제조방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 (S1) 단계 및 상기 (S2) 단계 사이에,상기 제1 균질 혼합물을 80 내지 100℃에서 8 내지 10시간 동안 건조한 후, 건조된 상기 제1 균질 혼합물을 100 내지 120℃에서 2 내지 4시간 동안 열처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는연료전지용 촉매층의 제조방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 방열 소재는, 상기 제2 균질 혼합물의 전체 중량을 기준으로, 1 내지 51 중량%로 포함되는연료전지용 촉매층의 제조방법.
- 고분자 전해질 막; 및상기 고분자 전해질 막의 적어도 일 면 상에 배치된 제1항에 따른 연료전지용 촉매층을 포함하는막-전극 어셈블리.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 연료전지용 촉매층은,상기 고분자 전해질 막과 접하는 제1 세그먼트; 및상기 제1 세그먼트 상에 배치된 제2 세그먼트;를 포함하는막-전극 어셈블리.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 제2 세그먼트는, 상기 제2 복합체를 포함하지 않거나,상기 제2 세그먼트의 단위 부피 당 제2 복합체의 함량이, 상기 제1 세그먼트의 단위 부피 당 제2 복합체의 함량보다 적은,막-전극 어셈블리.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 제1 세그먼트의 두께는, 10 내지 800nm(나노미터)이고,상기 제2 세그먼트의 두께는 0.5 내지 20㎛(마이크로미터)인막-전극 어셈블리.
- 고분자 전해질 막의 적어도 일 면에, 코팅 조성물을 직접 코팅하는 단계; 및상기 코팅 조성물이 코팅된 상기 고분자 전해질 막을 건조하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 코팅 조성물의 제조방법은,(S1) 제1 이오노머 용액과, 촉매가 분산된 수용액을 균질 혼합하고, 이들을 분산시켜 제1 균질 혼합물을 제조하는 단계 및(S2) 상기 제1 균질 혼합물에, 방열 소재 및 제2 이오노머 용액이 혼합된 제2 균질 혼합물을 첨가하고 이들을 분산시키는 단계를 포함하는막-전극 어셈블리의 제조방법.
- 제15항 내지 제18항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 막-전극 어셈블리를 포함하는 연료전지.
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JP2023557765A JP2024510335A (ja) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-02-15 | 燃料電池用触媒層、その製造方法、膜-電極アセンブリ、その製造方法及び燃料電池 |
CN202280022386.9A CN117015878A (zh) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-02-15 | 燃料电池催化剂层及其制造方法、膜电极组件及其制造方法以及燃料电池 |
US18/550,683 US20240154131A1 (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-02-15 | Catalyst layer for fuel cell and manufacturing method therefor, membrane-electrode assembly and manufacturing method therefor, and fuel cell |
EP22785046.8A EP4297134A1 (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-02-15 | Catalyst layer for fuel cell and manufacturing method therefor, membrane-electrode assembly and manufacturing method therefor, and fuel cell |
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EP4297134A1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
CN117015878A (zh) | 2023-11-07 |
KR20220138987A (ko) | 2022-10-14 |
TW202245315A (zh) | 2022-11-16 |
US20240154131A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
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