WO2017190364A1 - 一种二次电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种二次电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190364A1
WO2017190364A1 PCT/CN2016/081346 CN2016081346W WO2017190364A1 WO 2017190364 A1 WO2017190364 A1 WO 2017190364A1 CN 2016081346 W CN2016081346 W CN 2016081346W WO 2017190364 A1 WO2017190364 A1 WO 2017190364A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
positive electrode
carbonate
battery
current collector
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/081346
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐永炳
圣茂华
张帆
季必发
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/081346 priority Critical patent/WO2017190364A1/zh
Priority to US15/777,950 priority patent/US20180342758A1/en
Priority to EP17792399.2A priority patent/EP3370294B1/en
Priority to KR1020187012965A priority patent/KR20180066169A/ko
Priority to JP2018521881A priority patent/JP6896725B2/ja
Priority to CN201780001704.2A priority patent/CN107615550B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/079275 priority patent/WO2017190572A1/zh
Priority to KR1020217021610A priority patent/KR20210088770A/ko
Publication of WO2017190364A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190364A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a secondary battery and a method of fabricating the same.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are the first choice for power supply in today's electronic products due to their high specific capacity, long cycle life and high cost performance.
  • the core components of a lithium ion battery typically contain a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
  • the commercial lithium ion battery uses a transition metal oxide or a polyanionic metal compound as a positive electrode active material, graphite or carbon as a negative electrode active material, and an ester electrolyte as an electrolyte.
  • graphite as the negative active material, graphite occupies a large part of the volume and weight in the battery, which limits the battery capacity and energy density of the lithium ion battery.
  • the present invention provides a secondary battery and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the problem that the existing lithium battery uses graphite as a negative electrode active material, which restricts the battery capacity and energy density of the lithium ion battery.
  • the present invention provides a secondary battery including a battery negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a battery positive electrode, wherein
  • the battery negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and does not include a negative electrode active material; the negative electrode current collector includes a metal or metal alloy or a metal composite conductive material;
  • the electrolyte includes an electrolyte and a solvent, and the electrolyte is a lithium salt;
  • the battery positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector layer and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly deintercalating lithium ions, the positive electrode current collector including a metal, a metal alloy or a metal Composite conductive material.
  • the positive electrode active material includes lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobaltate binary material, spinel structure lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material. a composite material of one or more or one of layered lithium-rich and high manganese materials.
  • the anode current collector includes one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese, or a composite of any one of them or an alloy of any one of them .
  • the anode current collector is aluminum.
  • the structure of the anode current collector is a multilayer composite structure of porous aluminum or aluminum coated with aluminum foil or porous aluminum or carbon material.
  • the cathode current collector includes one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese, or a composite of any one of them or an alloy of any one of them. ;
  • the cathode current collector is preferably aluminum.
  • the electrolyte includes, but is not limited to, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium acetate, lithium salicylate, lithium acetoacetate, lithium carbonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium lauryl sulfate And one or more of lithium citrate, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, lithium hexafluoroarsenate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, and the concentration ranges from 0.1 to 10 mol/L.
  • the solvent includes one or more of an ester, a sulfone, an ether, a nitrile organic solvent, or an ionic liquid.
  • the solvent comprises propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, Butyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl ester, methyl formate, methyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, vinyl fluorocarbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate Ester, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxocyclopentane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxocyclopentane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, three One or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl
  • the electrolyte further includes an additive including one or more of an ester, a sulfone, an ether, a nitrile or an olefin organic additive.
  • the additive comprises fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, vinyl sulphate, propylene sulphate Ester, ethylene sulfate, vinyl sulfite, propylene sulfite, dimethyl sulfite, diethyl sulfite, ethylene sulfite, methyl chloroformate, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene Methyl ether, acetamide, diazabenzene, m-diazabenzene, crown ether 12-crown-4, crown ether 18-crown-6, 4-fluoroanisole, fluorochain ether, difluoromethyl Ethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl chlorocarbonate, vinyl bromoacetate, trifluoroethylphosphonic acid, bromobutyrolactone, fluoroacetoxy
  • the additive is vinylene carbonate in an amount of 5% by weight.
  • the positive electrode active material layer further comprises a conductive agent and a binder
  • the positive electrode active material is contained in an amount of 60 to 95% by weight
  • the conductive agent is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight
  • the binder is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight. %.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above secondary battery, comprising:
  • the anode current collector is used as a battery anode
  • Preparing the positive electrode of the battery weighing the active positive electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder according to a certain ratio, adding the appropriate solvent to the uniform slurry to form the positive electrode active material layer; and the surface of the conductive material of the metal or metal alloy or the metal composite Washing as a positive current collector; then uniformly coating the positive active material layer on the surface of the positive current collector, and then cutting the positive active material layer to be completely dried to obtain a battery positive electrode of a desired size;
  • the battery anode, the electrolyte, the separator, and the battery positive electrode were assembled.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: the weight, volume and manufacturing cost of the battery are effectively reduced due to the elimination of the negative electrode active material; the negative electrode current collector composed of a metal or a metal alloy or a metal composite is simultaneously reacted The material effectively increases the battery capacity of the battery; the energy density of the battery is significantly improved by the reduction in the weight and volume of the battery and the increase in the battery capacity, and the battery has good charge and discharge cycle performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery negative electrode 1, an electrolyte 2, a separator 3, a battery positive electrode (including a positive electrode active material layer 4 and a positive electrode current collector 5); wherein the battery negative electrode 1 includes a negative electrode.
  • a current collector which does not include a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode current collector includes a metal or metal alloy or a metal composite conductive material;
  • the electrolyte 2 includes an electrolyte and a solvent, the electrolyte is a lithium salt; and the battery positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector 5 and a positive electrode active material.
  • the cathode current collector comprises a metal or metal alloy or a metal composite conductive material, and the cathode active material layer comprises a cathode active material capable of reversibly deintercalating lithium ions.
  • the working principle of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention is: the secondary battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not contain the negative active material, and during the charging process, the positive active material desorbs lithium ions, and the negative current collector metal or metal alloy or The composite material is alloyed to form a lithium-metal alloy. During the discharge process, the lithium-metal alloy is decomposed into lithium ions and embedded in the positive electrode active material to realize the charge and discharge process.
  • the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need the negative active material, which reduces the volume and cost; at the same time, the alloying reaction between the metal and the lithium ion has a larger battery capacity, and the weight and volume of the battery are reduced and the battery capacity is improved. The energy density of the battery is increased and the production cost can be saved.
  • the anode current collector includes, but is not limited to, an alloy or a metal composite of one or any one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese. Things.
  • the cathode current collector includes, but is not limited to, aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, An alloy or metal composite of one or any of iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, and manganese.
  • the anode current collector is aluminum.
  • the cathode current collector is aluminum.
  • the solvent in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as the solvent can dissociate the electrolyte into cations and anions, and the cations and anions can freely migrate.
  • the solvent of the examples of the present invention is an ester, a sulfone, an ether, a nitrile organic solvent or an ionic liquid.
  • Solvents include, but are not limited to, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, carbonic acid Butyl ester, isopropyl carbonate, methyl ester, methyl formate, methyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxocyclopentane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxocyclopentane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethyl Oxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl
  • the electrolyte in the examples further includes an additive including, but not limited to, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone.
  • the content of the additive is from 0.1 to 20% by weight.
  • the additive added to the electrolyte can form a stable solid electrolyte membrane on the surface of the anode current collector, so that the anode current collector is not destroyed when reacted as an active material, and its function and shape can be maintained, and the number of cycles of the battery can be improved.
  • the additive is vinylene carbonate in an amount of 5% by weight.
  • the positive electrode active material layer further includes a conductive agent and a binder
  • the positive electrode active material is contained in an amount of 60 to 95% by weight
  • the conductive agent is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight
  • the binder is 0.1 to 10% by weight. %.
  • the conductive agent and the warrant agent are not particularly limited and may be used in the art.
  • the conductive agent is one or more of conductive carbon black, Super P conductive carbon sphere, conductive graphite KS6, carbon nanotube, conductive carbon fiber, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide.
  • the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, SBR rubber, and polyolefin.
  • the anode current collector is a multilayer composite of porous aluminum or aluminum coated with aluminum foil or porous aluminum or carbon material.
  • the lithium ion which uses the porous aluminum foil to remove the positive active material is more fully reacted with the metal aluminum alloy, and the battery capacity is improved; the porous aluminum structure coated with the carbon material improves the battery capacity, and is protected by the carbon material coating layer.
  • the effect is beneficial to maintain the structural stability of the aluminum and further improve the cycle stability of the battery; the use of the aluminum multilayer composite material is also beneficial for suppressing and improving the volume expansion effect of the aluminum foil and improving the cycle performance of the battery.
  • the composition of the separator used in the secondary battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention is an insulating porous polymer film or an inorganic porous film, including a porous polypropylene film, a porous polyethylene film, a porous composite polymer film, and a glass fiber.
  • a film or a porous ceramic separator One or more of a film or a porous ceramic separator. The function of the separator is to physically isolate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery from short circuits while allowing ions in the electrolyte to pass freely.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for preparing the above secondary battery, comprising:
  • Step 101 Prepare a battery negative electrode, cut a metal or metal alloy or a metal composite conductive material into a desired size, and then wash the surface of the cut metal conductive material, and use the washed metal conductive material as a negative electrode set.
  • the fluid is used as a battery negative electrode.
  • Step 102 Prepare an electrolyte solution, and weigh a certain amount of electrolyte into the corresponding solvent, and fully stir and dissolve.
  • Step 103 Prepare a separator, cut a porous polymer film, an inorganic porous film or a glass fiber-based film into a desired size, and clean it.
  • Step 104 preparing a positive electrode of the battery, weighing a living active material, a conductive agent and a binder according to a certain ratio, adding a suitable slurry to a uniform slurry to form a positive active material layer; and forming a metal or a metal alloy or a metal composite
  • the surface of the conductive material is washed as a positive electrode current collector; then the positive electrode active material layer is uniformly applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and after the positive electrode active material layer is completely dried, it is cut to obtain a battery positive electrode of a desired size.
  • Step 105 assembling using the battery negative electrode, the electrolyte solution, the separator, and the battery positive electrode.
  • the metal conductive material in step 101 is an alloy or metal of one or any one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese. Complex.
  • the electrolyte in the step 102 is a lithium salt
  • the solvent includes an ester, a sulfone, an ether or a nitrile organic solvent.
  • the electrolyte is prepared, further comprising: adding an additive to the solvent for stirring.
  • the solvent includes, but is not limited to, one or more of ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; the additive is vinylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, One or more of ethylene sulfate cyclobutyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxocyclopentane, acetonitrile or long-chain olefin.
  • the positive active material in step 104 is selected from the group consisting of lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate.
  • lithium titanate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium iron phosphate.
  • Metal conductive materials include, but are not limited to, alloys or metal composites of one or any of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese.
  • the step 105 is performed by using the negative electrode of the battery, the electrolyte, the separator and the positive electrode of the battery, and specifically comprises: preparing the negative electrode, the separator and the battery under an inert gas or an anhydrous oxygen-free environment.
  • the positive electrodes are closely stacked in sequence, and the electrolyte is added to completely infiltrate the separator, and then packaged into the battery case to complete the battery assembly.
  • steps 101-104 describe the operation of the preparation method of the present invention in a specific order, it is not required or implied that these operations must be performed in this particular order.
  • the preparation of steps 101-104 can be performed simultaneously or in any order.
  • the secondary battery preparation method and the foregoing secondary battery are based on the same inventive concept, and the secondary battery obtained by the secondary battery preparation method has all the effects of the foregoing secondary battery, and details are not described herein again.
  • Preparation of battery negative electrode Take aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm, cut into a 12 mm diameter disc, wash the aluminum foil with ethanol, and dry it as a negative current collector for use.
  • the glass fiber paper was cut into a 16 mm diameter disc and dried for use as a separator.
  • Preparation of battery positive electrode 0.4g of nickel cobalt cobalt manganate, 0.05g of carbon black, 0.05g of polyvinylidene fluoride was added to 2ml of nitromethylpyrrolidone solution, fully ground to obtain a uniform slurry; then the slurry was uniformly coated on aluminum The foil surface was dried under vacuum. The electrode sheet obtained by drying was cut into a disk having a diameter of 10 mm, and compacted as a battery positive electrode.
  • the prepared negative electrode current collector, separator, and battery positive electrode are closely stacked in sequence, and the electrolyte is dripped to completely infiltrate the separator, and then the stacked portion is packaged into the button battery case. , complete battery assembly.
  • the total solvent volume of the electrolyte solution in Example 1-21 is 5 ml.
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • FEC vinyl fluorocarbonate
  • ES vinyl sulfite
  • Preparation of battery negative electrode Take aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm, cut into a 12 mm diameter disk, wash the copper piece with ethanol, and dry it as a negative electrode current collector.
  • the glass fiber paper was cut into a 16 mm diameter disc, washed with acetone, dried and used as a separator.
  • Formulating the electrolyte adding 0.75 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate to the solution), adding 2.5 ml of ethylene carbonate and 2.5 ml of dimethyl carbonate, stirring until the lithium hexafluorophosphate is completely dissolved, and then adding a vinylidene carbonate having a mass fraction of 5 wt% as an additive, fully Stir well and use as electrolyte.
  • Preparation of battery positive electrode 0.7g artificial graphite, 0.2g carbon black, 0.1g polyvinylidene fluoride was added to 2ml of nitromethylpyrrolidone solution, fully ground to obtain a uniform slurry; then the slurry was uniformly coated on the surface of aluminum foil and vacuum dry.
  • the electrode sheet obtained by drying was cut into a disk having a diameter of 10 mm, and was used as a battery positive electrode after being pressed.
  • the prepared negative electrode current collector, separator, and battery positive electrode are closely stacked in sequence, and the electrolyte is dripped to completely infiltrate the separator, and then the stacked portion is packaged into the button battery case. , complete battery assembly.
  • the battery negative electrode take 0.4g graphite, 0.05g carbon black, 0.05g polyvinylidene fluoride into 2ml nitromethylpyrrolidone solution, fully grind to obtain a uniform slurry; then uniformly apply the slurry on the surface of aluminum foil and vacuum dry .
  • the electrode sheet obtained by drying was cut into a disk having a diameter of 10 mm, and compacted as a battery negative electrode.
  • the polymer polyethylene was cut into a disk having a diameter of 16 mm, and dried for use as a separator.
  • the electrolyte was prepared: 0.75 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate was weighed and added to 2.5 ml of ethylene carbonate and 2.5 ml of dimethyl carbonate, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred until lithium hexafluorophosphate was completely dissolved, and then it was used as an electrolyte.
  • Preparation of battery positive electrode 0.4 g of lithium cobaltate positive electrode material, 0.05 g of carbon black, 0.05 g of polyvinylidene fluoride was added to 2 ml of nitromethylpyrrolidone solution, and fully ground to obtain a uniform slurry; then the slurry was uniformly coated on aluminum foil. The surface was dried under vacuum. The electrode sheet obtained by drying was cut into a disk having a diameter of 10 mm, and compacted as a battery positive electrode.
  • the prepared negative electrode current collector, separator, and battery positive electrode are closely stacked in sequence, and the electrolyte is dripped to completely infiltrate the separator, and then the stacked portion is packaged into the button battery case. , complete battery assembly.
  • the secondary battery prepared in the above embodiment of the secondary battery preparation method was charged by a constant current of 100 mA/g of the positive electrode active material until its voltage reached 4.8 V, and then discharged at the same current until the voltage reached 3V, measuring its battery capacity and energy density, testing its cycle stability, expressed in cycles, the number of cycles is the number of times the battery is charged and discharged when the battery capacity is attenuated to 85%. as shown in Table 3.
  • Example 6 uses different anode materials (negative current collectors) and positive electrode activities of different components
  • the cycle number of the battery in which the carbon layer was coated with the porous aluminum as the anode current collector was the best, followed by the aluminum foil used in Example 1 and the porous aluminum used in Example 5;
  • Example 5 using porous aluminum as the negative electrode material obtained a larger battery capacity than Example 1 using aluminum foil as the negative electrode material.
  • Example 7 in which the electrolyte was added with the additive was significantly improved in the number of cycles of Example 7 as compared with Example 1 in which the additive was not added.
  • Examples 8-12 used different positive active materials, and in combination with the corresponding electrolyte formulation, good battery capacity and cycle performance of the battery were achieved.
  • Examples 11-14 used different concentrations of electrolyte, and the electrolyte concentration of 1 mol/L was higher than that of other concentrations.
  • Example 15-17 The number of cycles and the capacity of Examples 15-17 in which the vinylene carbonate was added as an additive in the electrolyte was more than that in Example 12 in which no vinylene carbonate was added to the electrolyte, wherein the additive content was 5 wt% of vinylene carbonate.
  • the examples of the other concentrations of vinylene carbonate have more cycles and higher capacity.
  • the embodiment 16 in which the additive is vinylene carbonate is larger than the examples 18 and 19 in which the additive is another material, and the capacity is higher, and the additive is preferably vinylene carbonate.
  • Examples 1, 12, 20, and 21 used different kinds of solvents, and Examples 1 and 12 in which an ester was used as a solvent had more cycles and a higher capacity than the examples in which other types of solvents were used.

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Abstract

本发明涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种二次电池及其制备方法。该二次电池包括电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极，其中，电池负极包括负极集流体，不包含负极活性材料；电解液包括电解质和溶剂，电解质为锂盐；电池正极包括正极集流体和正极活性材料层，正极活性材料层包括能可逆脱嵌锂离子的正极活性材料。由于取消负极活性物质，有效地降低了电池的重量和体积；将金属或金属合金或金属复合物构成的负极集流体同时作为反应材料，有效地提高了电池的电池容量；通过电池的重量和体积的降低以及电池容量的提高，显著地提高了电池的能量密度，并且电池具有良好的充放电循环性能。

Description

一种二次电池及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，特别涉及一种二次电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代物质生活水平及科技的发展，人们对能源的消耗及需求越来越大，寻找一种新型能源成为当今迫切的需要。锂离子电池因其比容量高，循环寿命长，性价比高成为当今电子产品电源的首选对象。锂离子电池的核心组成部件通常包含正极、负极和电解液。商用的锂离子电池是以过渡金属氧化物或聚阴离子型金属化合物为正极活性材料，以石墨或碳为负极活性材料，酯类电解液为电解液。但以石墨为负极活性材料，石墨在电池中占用了很大一部分的体积和重量，制约了锂离子电池的电池容量及能量密度。
发明内容
为了克服上述的技术问题，本发明提供一种二次电池及其制备方法，旨在解决现有的锂电池以石墨为负极活性材料，制约了锂离子电池的电池容量及能量密度的问题。
第一方面的，本发明提供了一种二次电池，包括电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极，其中，
所述电池负极包括负极集流体，不包含负极活性材料；所述负极集流体包括金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料；
所述电解液包括电解质和溶剂，所述电解质为锂盐；
所述电池正极包括正极集流体和正极活性材料层，所述正极活性材料层包括能可逆脱嵌锂离子的正极活性材料，所述正极集流体包括金属、金属合金或金属 复合物导电材料。
具体地，所述正极活性材料包括钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、镍钴酸锂二元材料、尖晶石结构锂锰氧化物、镍钴锰酸锂三元材料、层状富锂高锰材料中的一种或几种或其中一种的复合材料。
具体地，所述负极集流体包括铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或其中任意一种金属的复合物或其中任意一种的合金。
优选地，所述负极集流体为铝。
进一步地，所述负极集流体的结构为铝箔或多孔铝或碳材料包覆的多孔铝或铝的多层复合结构。
具体地，所述正极集流体包括铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或其中任意一种金属的复合物或其中任意一种的合金；
优选的，所述正极集流体优选为铝。
具体地，所述电解质包括但不限于六氟磷酸锂、高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、醋酸锂、水杨酸锂、乙酰乙酸锂、碳酸锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、十二烷基硫酸锂、柠檬酸锂、双(三甲基硅烷基)氨基锂、六氟砷酸锂、三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或几种，且浓度范围为0.1-10mol/L。
具体地，所述溶剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类有机溶剂或离子液体中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述溶剂包括碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸甲丁酯、碳酸甲异丙酯、甲酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、氟代碳酸乙烯酯，丙酸甲酯，丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、 1，3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-1，3-二氧环戊烷、二甲氧甲烷、1，2-二甲氧乙烷、1，2-二甲氧丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基砜、二甲醚、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯脂、亚硫酸二甲脂、亚硫酸二乙脂、冠醚一种或多种。
进一步地，所述电解液还包括添加剂，所述添加剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类或烯烃类有机添加剂中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述添加剂包括氟代碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、1，3-丙磺酸内酯、1，4-丁磺酸内酯、硫酸乙烯酯、硫酸丙烯酯、硫酸亚乙酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、二甲基亚硫酸酯、二乙基亚硫酸酯、亚硫酸亚乙酯、氯代甲酸甲脂、二甲基亚砜、苯甲醚、乙酰胺、二氮杂苯、间二氮杂苯、冠醚12-冠-4、冠醚18-冠-6、4-氟苯甲醚、氟代链状醚、二氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、三氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、氯代碳酸乙烯酯、溴代碳酸乙烯酯、三氟乙基膦酸、溴代丁内酯、氟代乙酸基乙烷、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、磷腈、乙醇胺、碳化二甲胺、环丁基砜、1，3-二氧环戊烷、乙腈、长链烯烃、三氧化二铝、氧化镁、氧化钡、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、碳酸锂中的一种或几种的一种或几种。
优选的，添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯，含量为5wt％。
优选的，所述正极活性材料层还包括导电剂以及粘结剂，所述正极活性材料的含量为60-95wt％，导电剂的含量为0.1-30wt％，粘结剂的含量为0.1-10wt％。
第二方面的，本发明还提供了一种上述二次电池的制备方法，包括：
制备电池负极，将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料裁切成所需的尺寸，然后将裁切后的金属导电材料表面洗净，将洗净后的金属导电材料作为负极集流体，将所述负极集流体作为电池负极；
配制电解液，称取一定量锂盐电解质加入到相应溶剂及添加剂中，充分搅拌 溶解；
制备隔膜，将多孔聚合物薄膜、无机多孔薄膜或玻璃纤维类薄膜裁切成所需尺寸，清洗干净；
制备电池正极，按一定比例称取活正极活性材料、导电剂以及粘结剂，加入适当溶剂中充分研磨成均匀浆料制成正极活性材料层；将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料表面洗净作为正极集流体；然后将所述正极活性材料层均匀涂覆于正极集流体表面，待所述正极活性材料层完全干燥后进行裁切，得所需尺寸的电池正极；
利用所述电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极进行组装。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：由于取消负极活性物质，有效地降低了电池的重量，体积和制造成本；将金属或金属合金或金属复合物构成的负极集流体同时作为反应材料，有效地提高了电池的电池容量；通过电池的重量和体积的降低以及电池容量的提高，显著地提高了电池的能量密度，并且电池具有良好的充放电循环性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的二次电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明实施例原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
图一为本发明实施例提供的二次电池的结构示意图。参照图一，本发明实施例提供了的二次电池，包括电池负极1、电解液2、隔膜3、电池正极(包括正极活性材料层4以及正极集流体5)；其中，电池负极1包括负极集流体，不包含负极活性材料，所述负极集流体包括金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料；电解液2包括电解质和溶剂，电解质为锂盐；电池正极包括正极集流体5和正极活性材料层4，所述正极集流体包括金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料，所述正极活性材料层包括能可逆脱嵌锂离子的正极活性材料。
本发明实施例提供的电池工作原理为：本发明实施例提供的二次电池不含负极活性材料，在充电过程中，正极活性材料脱出锂离子，与负极集流体这一金属或金属合金或其复合材料发生合金化反应形成锂-金属合金；放电过程中，锂-金属合金脱出锂离子后嵌入正极活性材料中，从而实现充放电过程。
本发明实施例提供的电池不需要负极活性材料，降低了体积和成本；同时金属与锂离子发生合金化反应有更大的电池容量，通过电池的重量和体积的降低以及电池容量的提高，显著地提高了电池的能量密度，并且能节约生产成本。
具体的，本发明实施例中，正极活性材料包括但不限于钴酸锂(LiCoO2)、镍酸锂(LiNiO2)、锰酸锂(LiMn2O4)、磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)、镍钴酸锂二元材料(LiNi1-xCoxO2)、尖晶石结构(LiMn2-xMxO4，M＝Ni，Co，Cr等)、镍钴锰酸锂三元材料[Li(Ni，Co，Mn)O2]、层状富锂高锰材料[Li2MnO3-Li(NiCoMn)O2]、NASCION结构的Li3M2(PO4)3(M＝V，Fe，Ti等)等中的一种或几种或其复合材料。
具体地，本发明实施例中，负极集流体包括但不限于铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或任意一种的合金或金属复合物。
具体地，本发明实施例中，正极集流体包括但不限于铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、 铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或任意一种的合金或金属复合物。
优选地，本发明实施例中，负极集流体为铝。
优选地，本发明实施例中，正极集流体为铝。
在本发明实施例中，电解液中的溶剂没有特别限制，只要溶剂可以使电解质离解成阳离子和阴离子，且阳离子和阴离子可以自由迁移即可。例如，本发明实施例溶剂为酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类有机溶剂或者离子液体。溶剂包括但不限于碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸甲丁酯、碳酸甲异丙酯、甲酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、氟代碳酸乙烯酯，丙酸甲酯，丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1，3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-1，3-二氧环戊烷、二甲氧甲烷、1，2-二甲氧乙烷、1，2-二甲氧丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基砜、二甲醚、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯脂、亚硫酸二甲脂、亚硫酸二乙脂、冠醚中的一种或多种。
进一步的，为了防止负极集流体在充放电时因体积变化所造成的破坏，使负极集流体结构和功能稳定，提高负极集流体的使用寿命和性能，以提高二次电池的循环率，本发明实施例中电解液还包括添加剂，添加剂包括但不限于氟代碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、1，3-丙磺酸内酯、1，4-丁磺酸内酯、硫酸乙烯酯、硫酸丙烯酯、硫酸亚乙酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、二甲基亚硫酸酯、二乙基亚硫酸酯、亚硫酸亚乙酯、氯代甲酸甲脂、二甲基亚砜、苯甲醚、乙酰胺、二氮杂苯、间二氮杂苯、冠醚12-冠-4、冠醚18-冠-6、4-氟苯甲醚、氟代链状醚、二氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、三氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、氯代碳酸乙烯酯、溴代碳酸乙烯酯、三氟乙基膦酸、溴代丁内酯、氟代乙酸基乙烷、磷酸酯、亚磷 酸酯、磷腈、乙醇胺、碳化二甲胺、环丁基砜、1，3-二氧环戊烷、乙腈、长链烯烃、三氧化二铝、氧化镁、氧化钡、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、碳酸锂中的一种或几种。且添加剂的含量为0.1-20wt％。在电解液中增加的添加剂在负极集流体表面可以形成稳定的固体电解质膜，使得负极集流体作为活性材料反应时不被破坏，可以维持其功能和形状，提高电池的循环次数。
优选地，添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯，含量为5wt％。
进一步的，所述正极活性材料层还包括导电剂以及粘结剂，所述正极活性材料的含量为60-95wt％，导电剂的含量为0.1-30wt％，粘结剂的含量为0.1-10wt％。同时，导电剂和战阶剂没有特别的限制，采用本领域常用的即可。导电剂为导电炭黑、Super P导电碳球、导电石墨KS6、碳纳米管、导电碳纤维、石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯中的一种或多种。粘结剂为聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、SBR橡胶、聚烯烃类中的一种或多种。
进一步地，更优选的，负极集流体为铝箔或多孔铝或碳材料包覆的多孔铝或铝的多层复合材料。采用多孔铝箔使得正极活性材料脱出的锂离子，与金属铝合金化反应更充分，提高电池容量；采用碳材料包覆的多孔铝结构在提高电池容量的情况下，因碳材料包覆层的保护作用有利于维持铝的结构稳定性，进一步提高电池的循环稳定性；采用铝的多层复合材料也有利于抑制和改善铝箔的体积膨胀效应，提高电池的循环性能。
具体地，本发明实施例提供的二次电池所使用的隔膜的成分为绝缘的多孔聚合物薄膜或无机多孔薄膜，包括多孔聚丙烯薄膜、多孔聚乙烯薄膜、多孔复合聚合物薄膜、玻璃纤维类薄膜或多孔陶瓷隔膜中的一种或多种。隔膜的作用为物理隔绝电池正负极防止短路的同时允许电解液中的离子自由通过。
第二方面的，本发明实施例还提供了制备上述二次电池的方法，包括：
步骤101、制备电池负极，将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料裁切成所需的尺寸，然后将裁切后的金属导电材料表面洗净，将洗净后的金属导电材料作为负极集流体，将所述负极集流体作为电池负极。
步骤102、配制电解液，称取一定量电解质加入到相应溶剂中，充分搅拌溶解。
步骤103、制备隔膜，将多孔聚合物薄膜、无机多孔薄膜或玻璃纤维类薄膜裁切成所需尺寸，清洗干净。
步骤104、制备电池正极，按一定比例称取活正极活性材料、导电剂以及粘结剂，加入适当溶剂中充分研磨成均匀浆料制成正极活性材料层；将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料表面洗净作为正极集流体；然后将所述正极活性材料层均匀涂覆于正极集流体表面，待所述正极活性材料层完全干燥后进行裁切，得所需尺寸的电池正极。
步骤105、利用所述电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极进行组装。
具体地，本发明实施例中，步骤101中的金属导电材料为铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或任意一种的合金或金属复合物。
本发明实施例中，步骤102中的电解质为锂盐，溶剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类或腈类有机溶剂。配制电解液，还包括：在所述溶剂加入添加剂进行搅拌。优选的，溶剂包括但不限于碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯一种或多种；添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯、亚硫酸亚乙酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、硫酸亚乙酯环丁基砜、1，3-二氧环戊烷、乙腈或长链烯烃中的一种或几种。
优选的，本发明实施例中，步骤104中的正极活性材料选自钴酸锂、锰酸锂、 钛酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂或磷酸铁锂的一种或几种。金属导电材料包括但不限于铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或任意一种的合金或金属复合物。
优选的，本发明实施例中，步骤105利用所述电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极进行组装，具体包括：在惰性气体或无水无氧环境下，将制备好的负极、隔膜、电池正极依次紧密堆叠，添加电解液使隔膜完全浸润，然后封装入电池壳体，完成电池组装。
需要说明的是尽管上述步骤101-104是以特定顺序描述了本发明制备方法的操作，但是，这并非要求或者暗示必须按照该特定顺序来执行这些操作。步骤101-104的制备可以同时或者任意先后执行。
该二次电池制备方法与前述二次电池是基于同一发明构思的，采用该二次电池制备方法得到的二次电池具有前述二次电池的所有效果，在此不再赘述。
下面通过具体的实施例进一步说明上述二次电池制备方法，但是，应当理解为，这些实施例仅仅是用于更详细地说明之用，而不应理解为用于以任何形式限制本发明。
实施例1
制备电池负极：取厚度为0.02mm的铝箔，裁切成直径12mm的圆片，用乙醇清洗铝箔，晾干作为负极集流体备用。
制备隔膜：将玻璃纤维纸裁切成直径16mm的圆片，烘干后作为隔膜备用。
配制电解液：称取0.75g六氟磷酸锂(浓度1mol/L)加入到2.5ml碳酸乙烯酯与2.5ml碳酸二甲酯中，充分搅拌至六氟磷酸锂完全溶解后作为电解液备用。
制备电池正极：将0.4g镍钴锰酸锂、0.05g碳黑、0.05g聚偏氟乙烯加入到2ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，充分研磨获得均匀浆料；然后将浆料均匀涂覆于铝 箔表面并真空干燥。对干燥所得电极片裁切成直径10mm的圆片，压实后作为电池正极备用。
电池组装：在惰性气体保护的手套箱中，将上述制备好的负极集流体、隔膜、电池正极依次紧密堆叠，滴加电解液使隔膜完全浸润，然后将上述堆叠部分封装入扣式电池壳体，完成电池组装。
实施例2-21
实施例2-21与实施例1二次电池制备过程步骤与实施例1相同，区别在于制备材料不同或者材料含量的不同，具体参见表1和表2。
表1实施例1-21负极材料、电解液、隔膜材料比较
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000003
说明：实施例1-21中电解液的溶剂总体积为5ml，表1中，VC是指碳酸亚乙烯酯，FEC指氟代碳酸乙烯酯，ES指亚硫酸乙烯酯。
表2实施例1-21正极材料比较
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000006
对比实施例1
制备电池负极：取厚度为0.02mm的铝箔，裁切成直径12mm的圆片，用乙醇清洗铜片，晾干作为负极集流体备用。
制备隔膜：将玻璃纤维纸裁切成直径16mm的圆片，用丙酮清洗，晾干后作为隔膜备用。
配制电解液：称取0.75g六氟磷酸锂加入到)加入到2.5ml碳酸乙烯酯与2.5ml碳酸二甲酯中，搅拌至六氟磷酸锂完全溶解，然后加入质量分数为5wt％的碳酸亚乙烯酯作为添加剂，充分搅拌均匀后作为电解液备用。
制备电池正极：将0.7g人造石墨、0.2g碳黑、0.1g聚偏氟乙烯加入到2ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，充分研磨获得均匀浆料；然后将浆料均匀涂覆于铝箔表面并真空干燥。对干燥所得电极片裁切成直径10mm的圆片，压死后作为电池正极备用。
电池组装：在惰性气体保护的手套箱中，将上述制备好的负极集流体、隔膜、电池正极依次紧密堆叠，滴加电解液使隔膜完全浸润，然后将上述堆叠部分封装入扣式电池壳体，完成电池组装。
对比实施例2
制备电池负极：取0.4g石墨，0.05g碳黑、0.05g聚偏氟乙烯加入到2ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，充分研磨获得均匀浆料；然后将浆料均匀涂覆于铝箔表面并真空干燥。对干燥所得电极片裁切成直径10mm的圆片，压实后作为电池负极备用。
制备隔膜：将高分子聚乙烯裁切成直径16mm的圆片，烘干后作为隔膜备用。
配制电解液：称取0.75g六氟磷酸锂加入到)加入到2.5ml碳酸乙烯酯与2.5ml碳酸二甲酯中，充分搅拌至六氟磷酸锂完全溶解后作为电解液备用。
制备电池正极：将0.4g钴酸锂正极材料、0.05g碳黑、0.05g聚偏氟乙烯加入到2ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，充分研磨获得均匀浆料；然后将浆料均匀涂覆于铝箔表面并真空干燥。对干燥所得电极片裁切成直径10mm的圆片，压实后作为电池正极备用。
电池组装：在惰性气体保护的手套箱中，将上述制备好的负极集流体、隔膜、电池正极依次紧密堆叠，滴加电解液使隔膜完全浸润，然后将上述堆叠部分封装入扣式电池壳体，完成电池组装。
电池的性能测试
充电-放电试验：将上述二次电池制备方法实施例中制备的二次电池通过100mA/g正极活性材料的恒定电流充电，直至其电压达到4.8V，然后以相同的电流放电，直至其电压达到3V，测量其电池容量及能量密度，测试其循环稳定性，以循环圈数表示，循环圈数是指电池容量衰减至85％时电池所充放电次数。如表3所示。
表3电池的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2016081346-appb-000008
从以上测量结果可以看出：
本发明实施例1-6使用不同负极材料(负极集流体)及不同组分的正极活性 物质，相比之下，实施例6采用碳层包覆多孔铝作为负极集流体的电池的循环次数最优，其次是实施例1采用的铝箔和实施例5采用的多孔铝；相比之下，使用多孔铝作为负极材料的实施例5比使用铝箔作为负极材料的实施例1获得更大的电池容量。
电解液加入了添加剂的实施例7比没有加入添加剂的实施例1相比，实施例7的循环次数显著提高。
在用相同的负极集流体情况下，实施例8-12使用不同正活性材料，在配合使用相应的电解液配方下，都实现了良好的电池容量及电池的循环性能。
在电解液配方一定的情况下，实施例11-14使用不同浓度的电解质，电解质浓度为1mol/L的实施例比其他浓度的电池容量要高。
电解液中加入了碳酸亚乙烯酯为添加剂的实施例15-17的循环圈数、容量比电解液中未加入碳酸亚乙烯酯的实施例12多，其中添加剂含量为5wt％碳酸亚乙烯酯的实施例比其他浓度碳酸亚乙烯酯的实施例的循环圈数多、容量更高。
添加剂含量相同的情况下，添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯的实施例16比添加剂为其他材料的实施例18、19循环圈数多、容量更高，优选添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯。
实施例1、12、20、21使用不同种类的溶剂，其中使用酯类为溶剂的实施例1，12要比使用其他种类的溶剂的实施例的循环圈数要多，容量更高。
同时从实验结果可知，本发明实施例中提供的二次电池大多比对比实施例1和2的循环性能更好；在加入适量添加剂后其循环性能、电池容量以及能量密度都比对比实施例1和2的好，如实施例16。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属 于本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种二次电池，包括电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极，其特征在于，其中，
    所述电池负极包括负极集流体，不包含负极活性材料；所述负极集流体包括金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料；
    所述电解液包括电解质和溶剂，所述电解质为锂盐；
    所述电池正极包括正极集流体和正极活性材料层，所述正极活性材料层包括能可逆脱嵌锂离子的正极活性材料，所述正极集流体包括金属、金属合金或金属复合物导电材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述正极活性材料包括钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、镍钴酸锂二元材料、尖晶石结构氧化物、镍钴锰酸锂三元材料、层状富锂高锰材料中的一种或几种或其中一种的复合材料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述负极集流体包括铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或其中任意一种金属的复合物或其中任意一种金属的合金。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的二次电池，其特征在于所述负极集流体优选为铝。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的二次电池，其特征在于所述负极集流体的结构为铝箔或多孔铝或碳材料包覆的多孔铝或铝的多层复合结构。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述正极集流体包括铝、镁、锂、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或其中任意一种金属的复合物或其中任意一种金属的合金。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的二次电池，其特征在于所述正极集流体优选为铝。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、 高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、醋酸锂、水杨酸锂、乙酰乙酸锂、碳酸锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、十二烷基硫酸锂、柠檬酸锂、双(三甲基硅烷基)氨基锂、六氟砷酸锂、三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或几种，且浓度范围为0.1-10mol/L。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类有机溶剂或离子液体中的一种或几种。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸甲丁酯、碳酸甲异丙酯、甲酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、氟代碳酸乙烯酯，丙酸甲酯，丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1，3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-1，3-二氧环戊烷、二甲氧甲烷、1，2-二甲氧乙烷、1，2-二甲氧丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基砜、二甲醚、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯脂、亚硫酸二甲脂、亚硫酸二乙脂、冠醚中的一种或多种。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述电解液还包括添加剂，所述添加剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类或烯烃类有机添加剂中的一种或几种。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述添加剂包括氟代碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、1，3-丙磺酸内酯、1，4-丁磺酸内酯、硫酸乙烯酯、硫酸丙烯酯、硫酸亚乙酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯、二甲基亚硫酸酯、二乙基亚硫酸酯、亚硫酸亚乙酯、氯代甲酸甲脂、二甲基亚砜、苯甲醚、乙酰胺、二氮杂苯、间二氮杂苯、冠醚12-冠-4、冠醚18-冠-6、4-氟苯甲醚、氟代链状醚、二氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、三氟代甲基碳酸乙烯酯、氯代碳酸乙烯酯、溴代碳酸乙烯酯、三氟乙基膦酸、溴代丁内酯、氟代乙酸基乙烷、磷酸酯、亚磷 酸酯、磷腈、乙醇胺、碳化二甲胺、环丁基砜、1，3-二氧环戊烷、乙腈、长链烯烃、三氧化二铝、氧化镁、氧化钡、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、碳酸锂中的一种或几种。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的二次电池，其特征在于，添加剂优选为碳酸亚乙烯酯，含量优选为5wt％。
  14. 如权利要求1-13之一所述的二次电池，其特征在于，所述正极活性材料层还包括导电剂以及粘结剂，所述正极活性材料的含量为60-95wt％，导电剂的含量为0.1-30wt％，粘结剂的含量为0.1-10wt％。
  15. 一种制备如权利要求1-14之一所述的二次电池的制备方法，其特征在于包括：
    制备电池负极，将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料裁切成所需的尺寸，然后将裁切后的金属导电材料表面洗净，将洗净后的金属导电材料作为负极集流体，将所述负极集流体作为电池负极；
    配制电解液，称取一定量锂盐电解质加入到相应溶剂中，充分搅拌溶解；
    制备隔膜，将多孔聚合物薄膜、无机多孔薄膜或玻璃纤维类薄膜裁切成所需尺寸，清洗干净；
    制备电池正极，按一定比例称取活正极活性材料、导电剂以及粘结剂，加入适当溶剂中充分研磨成均匀浆料制成正极活性材料层；将金属或金属合金或金属复合物导电材料表面洗净作为正极集流体；然后将所述正极活性材料层均匀涂覆于正极集流体表面，待所述正极活性材料层完全干燥后进行裁切，得所需尺寸的电池正极；
    利用所述电池负极、电解液、隔膜以及电池正极进行组装。
PCT/CN2016/081346 2016-05-06 2016-05-06 一种二次电池及其制备方法 Ceased WO2017190364A1 (zh)

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