WO2017145902A1 - セル、セルスタック装置、モジュールおよびモジュール収納装置 - Google Patents
セル、セルスタック装置、モジュールおよびモジュール収納装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145902A1 WO2017145902A1 PCT/JP2017/005625 JP2017005625W WO2017145902A1 WO 2017145902 A1 WO2017145902 A1 WO 2017145902A1 JP 2017005625 W JP2017005625 W JP 2017005625W WO 2017145902 A1 WO2017145902 A1 WO 2017145902A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1286—Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0236—Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2428—Grouping by arranging unit cells on a surface of any form, e.g. planar or tubular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell, a cell stack device, a module, and a module storage device.
- next-generation energy various fuel cell devices in which a cell stack device in which a plurality of fuel cells are electrically connected in series are accommodated in a storage container have been proposed as next-generation energy.
- the lower end portions of a plurality of fuel cells are joined to the manifold by a bonding agent such as glass, and the fuel gas not used for power generation is burned on the upper end side of the fuel cells.
- the cell of the present disclosure has an element portion in which a first electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer are laminated in this order on one main surface of a columnar support having a pair of main surfaces, and the support
- the porosity of at least one of the two end portions in the longitudinal direction of the support is smaller than the porosity of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the support.
- a plurality of the above-described cells are formed such that the one end of the support is bonded to a manifold via a bonding agent.
- the module of the present disclosure is configured by storing the cell stack device in a storage container.
- the module storage device of the present disclosure is configured by storing the above-described module and an auxiliary machine for operating the module in an outer case.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIGS. 1A and 1B
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIGS. 1A and 1B
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIGS.
- An example of the cell stack apparatus of this embodiment is shown, (a) is a side view schematically showing the cell stack apparatus, and (b) is an enlarged view of a part surrounded by a broken line of the cell stack apparatus of (a).
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIGS. 6A and 6B
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIGS. 6A and 6B
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line DD in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).
- a cell, a cell stack device, a module, and a module storage device will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a cell of this embodiment, where (a) is a side view seen from the interconnector layer side, and (b) is a side view seen from the oxygen electrode layer side.
- 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIGS. 1A and 1B
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b).
- symbol C indicates the center of the support 2
- symbol E1 indicates the lower end of the support 2
- symbol E2 indicates the upper end of the support 2.
- the cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 has a hollow flat plate type, a flat cross section, and a conductive support 2 having an elliptical cylindrical body (in other words, an elliptical columnar shape) as a whole.
- a plurality of gas passages 2 a penetrates in the longitudinal direction L of the cell 1 at appropriate intervals, and the cell 1 has a structure in which various members are provided on the support 2. is doing.
- the support 2 has a pair of main surfaces n opposed to each other. And a pair of side surfaces m connecting the one main surface and the other main surface.
- a porous fuel electrode layer 3 as a first electrode layer is disposed so as to cover the main surface n (lower surface) and the side surfaces m on both sides, and further, a solid electrolyte layer so as to cover the fuel electrode layer 3. 4 is arranged.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 is made of ceramics having gas barrier properties, and the thickness can be 40 ⁇ m or less, particularly 20 ⁇ m or less, and further 15 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of improving power generation performance.
- the oxygen electrode layer 6 as the second electrode layer is provided on the solid electrolyte layer 4 on the one main surface n side.
- the oxygen electrode layer 6 is provided facing the fuel electrode layer 3 and the solid electrolyte layer 4.
- an interconnector layer 8 made of conductive ceramics having gas barrier properties is provided on the other main surface (upper surface) where the oxygen electrode layer 6 is not laminated.
- the fuel electrode layer 3 and the solid electrolyte layer 4 are provided from one main surface n (lower surface) to the other main surface n (upper surface) via the arcuate surfaces m at both ends.
- the left and right ends of the interconnector layer 8 are laminated and joined on the left and right ends of the layer 4.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 having gas barrier properties and the interconnector layer 8 surround the support 2 so that fuel gas flowing inside does not leak to the outside.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 and the interconnector layer 8 form an elliptic cylindrical body having gas barrier properties.
- the inside of the elliptic cylindrical body serves as a fuel gas flow path and is supplied to the fuel electrode layer 3.
- the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the oxygen electrode layer 6 are blocked by an elliptic cylinder.
- the interconnector layer 8 having a rectangular planar shape is provided on the other main surface n of the support 2 except for the upper and lower ends of the support 2. Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, the oxygen electrode layer 6 having a rectangular planar shape is provided on one main surface n of the support 2 except for the upper and lower ends of the support 2.
- a portion where the fuel electrode layer 3 and the oxygen electrode layer 6 face each other through the solid electrolyte layer 4 functions as a power generation element portion. That is, electricity is generated by flowing an oxygen-containing gas such as air outside the oxygen electrode layer 6 and flowing a fuel gas (hydrogen-containing gas) through the gas passage 2a in the support 2 and heating it to a predetermined operating temperature. And the electric current produced
- the support 2 is required to be gas permeable in order to allow the fuel gas to permeate to the fuel electrode layer 3 and to be conductive in order to collect current via the interconnector layer 8. From this, it is preferable to consist of, for example, Ni and / or NiO and an inorganic oxide such as a specific rare earth element oxide.
- the specific rare earth element oxide is used to bring the thermal expansion coefficient of the support 2 close to the thermal expansion coefficient of the solid electrolyte layer 4, and includes Y, Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, Dy, Rare earth element oxides containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Gd, Sm and Pr can be used in combination with Ni and / or NiO.
- Specific examples of such rare earth element oxides include Y 2 O 3 , Lu 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , Tm 2 O 3 , Er 2 O 3 , Ho 2 O 3 , Dy 2 O 3 , Gd 2. Examples thereof include O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , and Pr 2 O 3. Among these, there is almost no solid solution or reaction with Ni and / or NiO, and the thermal expansion coefficient is the same as that of the solid electrolyte layer 4.
- Y 2 O 3 and Yb 2 O 3 can be used because they are comparable and inexpensive.
- NiO rare earth element oxide can be present in a volume ratio of 35:65 to 65:35.
- the support 2 may contain other metal components and oxide components as long as required characteristics are not impaired.
- the support 2 is required to have fuel gas permeability, it is porous and can usually have an open porosity of 20% or more, particularly 25 to 50%. . Further, the conductivity of the support 2 can be set to 300 S / cm or more, particularly 440 S / cm or more.
- the length of the flat surface n of the support 2 (the length of the support 2 in the width direction W) is, for example, 15 to 35 mm, and the length of the arcuate surface m (the length of the arc) is 2 to 8 mm.
- the thickness of the support 2 (thickness between the flat surfaces n) is 1.5 to 5 mm.
- the length of the support 2 is, for example, 100 to 300 mm.
- the fuel electrode layer 3 causes an electrode reaction, and can be formed of a well-known porous conductive ceramic.
- a well-known porous conductive ceramic For example, ZrO 2 in which a rare earth element oxide is dissolved, CeO 2 in which a rare earth element oxide is dissolved, and Ni and / or NiO can be used.
- the rare earth element the rare earth element exemplified in the support 2 can be used, and for example, it can be provided from ZrO 2 (YSZ) in which Y 2 O 3 is dissolved and Ni and / or NiO.
- the content of ZrO 2 in which the rare earth element oxide is dissolved in the fuel electrode layer 3 or CeO 2 in which the rare earth element oxide is dissolved may be in the range of 35 to 65% by volume.
- the content of NiO can be 65 to 35% by volume.
- the open porosity of the fuel electrode layer 3 can be 15% or more, particularly 20 to 40%, and the thickness thereof can be 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the fuel electrode layer 3 only needs to be provided at a position facing the oxygen electrode layer 6, for example, the fuel electrode layer only on the flat surface n on the lower side of the support 2 on which the oxygen electrode layer 6 is provided. 3 may be provided. That is, the fuel electrode layer 3 is provided only on the lower flat surface n of the support 2, the solid electrolyte layer 4 is provided with the surface of the fuel electrode layer 3, the surfaces of both arcuate surfaces m of the support 2 and the fuel electrode layer 3 are provided. A structure provided on the flat surface n on the upper side of the support 2 that is not formed may be used.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 can contain, as a main component, partially stabilized or stabilized ZrO 2 in which 3 to 15 mol% of a rare earth element oxide such as Y, Sc, or Yb is dissolved.
- a rare earth element oxide such as Y, Sc, or Yb is dissolved.
- Y is preferable because it is inexpensive.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 is not limited to ceramics made of partially stabilized or stabilized ZrO 2 , and is conventionally known, for example, a ceria-based material in which a rare earth element such as Gd or Sm is dissolved, or a lanthanum garade. Of course, a solid electrolyte layer may be used.
- the oxygen electrode layer 6 can be provided by a conductive ceramic made of a so-called ABO 3 type perovskite oxide.
- perovskite oxides include La-containing transition metal perovskite oxides, particularly at least one of LaMnO 3 oxides, LaFeO 3 oxides, and LaCoO 3 oxides in which Sr and La coexist at the A site. Is good.
- LaCoO 3 -based oxides are particularly preferable because of their high electrical conductivity at an operating temperature of about 600 to 1000 ° C.
- Fe and Mn may exist together with Co at the B site.
- the oxygen electrode layer 6 needs to have gas permeability, and therefore, the open porosity is preferably 20% or more, particularly 30 to 50%. Further, the thickness of the oxygen electrode layer 6 is preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of current collection.
- the interconnector layer 8 is provided by conductive ceramics.
- fuel gas hydrogen-containing gas
- oxygen-containing gas oxygen-containing gas
- lanthanum chromite-based perovskite oxides LaCrO 3 -based oxides
- a LaCrMgO 3 oxide in which Mg is present at the B site is used.
- the material of the interconnector layer 8 may be any conductive ceramic and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the interconnector layer 8 is preferably 10 to 60 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of preventing gas leakage and electric resistance. Within this range, gas leakage can be prevented and electrical resistance can be reduced.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a cell stack device 11 configured by electrically connecting a plurality of the above-described cells 1 in series via conductive members 13.
- 4A is a side view schematically showing the cell stack device 11, and
- FIG. 4B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the cell stack device 11 of FIG. 4A, which is shown in FIG. The part surrounded by the broken line is extracted and shown.
- FIG. 4B the part corresponding to the part surrounded by the broken line shown in FIG.
- the cell stack 12 is configured by arranging the cells 1 via the conductive members 13. A lower end E1 of each cell 1 is fixed to a manifold 16 for supplying fuel gas to the cell 1 by an insulating bonding material 17 such as a glass sealing material.
- the cell stack 12 is sandwiched from both ends of the cell 1 in the arrangement direction by the elastically deformable end conductive member 14 in which the lower end E1 of the cell 1 is fixed to the manifold 16.
- a current extraction portion for extracting current generated by power generation of the cell stack 12 (cell 1) in a shape extending outward along the arrangement direction of the cells 1. 15 is provided.
- the temperature of the cell 1 can be increased by reacting the fuel gas discharged from the gas passage 2a of the cell 1 with the oxygen-containing gas and burning it on the upper end E2 side of the cell 1, The activation of the cell stack device 11 can be accelerated.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 fixed to the manifold as viewed from the interconnector layer 8 side, in other words, a side view of the cell stack device 11 shown in FIG. 4 as viewed from the interconnector layer 8 side.
- the lower end E ⁇ b> 1 of the cell 1 is bonded to the manifold 16 with a bonding agent 17.
- the interconnector layer 8 including lanthanum chromite is provided in the region of the central portion C along the length direction L of the support 2.
- the porosity of the lower end E1 in the longitudinal direction L of the support 2 is set to be smaller than the porosity of the central portion C in the longitudinal direction L of the support 2.
- strength (mechanical strength) of the lower end part E1 of the support body 2 can be made high, and it can suppress that a crack generate
- the porosity of the upper end E ⁇ b> 2 which is the other end of the support 2, is smaller than the porosity of the central portion C of the support 2.
- the strength of the upper end E2 can be increased. As a result, generation of cracks in the support 2 due to thermal stress due to combustion can be suppressed.
- an interconnector layer 8 including lanthanum chromite is provided in the central portion C on the other main surface side of the support 2 as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the support 2 preferably has a porosity on the other main surface side in the central portion C that is smaller than a porosity on the one main surface side. That is, an interconnector layer 8 having a contraction rate different from that of the support 2 is provided on the other main surface side of the central portion C of the support 2, while the support 2 is provided on the one main surface side of the support 2.
- the porosity on the other main surface side of the support body 2 is made smaller than the porosity of the support body 2 on the one main surface side, and the other main surface side of the support body 2 is made to be smaller than the one main surface side of the support body 2.
- end portion refers to each portion on both ends when the support 2 is divided into seven equal parts in the longitudinal direction L
- center portion C refers to the middle portion
- the one main surface side and the other main surface side are respectively the one side and the other side when the support 2 is divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction of the support 2 in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the support 2. Say part.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show another example of the cell 111 of the present embodiment, where FIG. 6A is a side view seen from the interconnector layer 8 side, and FIG. 6B is a side view seen from the oxygen electrode layer 6 side.
- . 7A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIGS. 6A and 6B
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIGS. 6A and 6B
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).
- the cell 111 of the present embodiment has a solid electrolyte layer 4 and a reinforcing layer 7 provided in this order on one main surface at the lower end E1 of the support 2.
- the reinforcing layer 7 is provided on the other main surface.
- the interconnector layer 8 is intended to be reduced and expanded by being exposed to the reducing atmosphere, while the lower end E1 of the cell 111 is fixed, thereby supporting the support body.
- stress is generated on the lower end E1 side of the crack 2 and cracks are generated. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, by providing the reinforcing layer 7 at the lower end E1 of the support 2, the strength of the lower end E1 can be improved and the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed.
- the reinforcing layer 7 is provided on the support body 2 on the other main surface side, while the one main surface side has a different shrinkage rate 2 on the support body 2.
- Two layers solid electrolyte layer 4 and reinforcing layer 7) are provided. Therefore, one main surface side of the support body 2 is more likely to be stressed than the other main surface side, and the risk of cracking is higher than the other main surface side. Therefore, at the lower end E1 of the support 2, the porosity of the support 2 on the one main surface side is made smaller than the porosity of the support 2 on the other main surface side, so that the one main surface side of the support 2 Strength can be increased, and cracks can be further suppressed.
- the reinforcing layer 7 is provided so as to include a main component that is the same oxide as the main component of the solid electrolyte layer 4 and has a different rare earth element oxide content.
- the reinforcing layer 7 has a rare earth element oxide content more than the solid electrolyte layer 4. Less is better.
- the reinforcing layer 7 has a rare earth element oxide content higher than the solid electrolyte layer 4. Many are good.
- strength of the reinforcement layer 7 can be made higher than the solid electrolyte layer 4, the lower end part E1 which is easy to apply a stress is protected, and it can suppress that a crack generate
- the main component refers to a component occupying 90% by volume or more among elements constituting the solid electrolyte layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 7.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 can improve power generation performance by using, for example, ZrO 2 in which 7 to 9 mol% of Y 2 O 3 is dissolved as a main component.
- the reinforcing layer 7 is preferably composed mainly of ZrO 2 having a rare earth element oxide content of, for example, 3 to 5 mol% of Y 2 O 3 as a solid solution.
- the strength of the solid electrolyte layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 7 is higher.
- the solid electrolyte layer 4 and the reinforcing layer 7 are reinforced.
- the indenter is pushed with the same load into the portion where the layer 7 is exposed. The maximum indentation depth at that time can be measured and discriminated.
- the width of the reinforcing layer 7 (the length of the cell 1 in the width direction W) can be set as appropriate, but may be the same as or narrower than the width of the one main surface n of the support 2.
- the length of the reinforcing layer 7 depends on the length of the cell 1, but is, for example, about 3 to 10% with respect to the length of the support 2 from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the cell 1 while securing a power generation region. can do.
- the thickness of the reinforcing layer 7 can be made larger than the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 4 from the viewpoint of further improving the strength. Therefore, for example, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 7 can be 30 to 100 ⁇ m, whereas the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 4 is thinner than 30 ⁇ m.
- Ni and / or NiO powder a rare earth element oxide powder such as Y 2 O 3 , an organic binder, and a solvent are mixed to prepare a clay, and extrusion molding is performed using the clay.
- a support molded body is prepared and dried.
- a calcined body obtained by calcining the support molded body at 900 to 1000 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours may be used.
- raw materials of NiO and ZrO 2 (YSZ) in which Y 2 O 3 is dissolved are weighed and mixed. Thereafter, an organic binder and a solvent are mixed with the mixed powder to prepare a fuel electrode slurry.
- slurry is added to ZrO 2 powder in which the rare earth element oxide is solid solution, toluene, binder powder (hereinafter, higher polymer than binder powder to be attached to ZrO 2 powder, for example, acrylic resin), commercially available dispersant and the like.
- the formed product is molded by a method such as a doctor blade to produce a sheet-shaped solid electrolyte layer molded body.
- the fuel electrode slurry is applied onto the obtained sheet-shaped solid electrolyte layer molded body and dried to form a fuel electrode molded body, thereby forming a sheet-shaped laminated molded body.
- the surface on the fuel electrode molded body side of the sheet-shaped laminated molded body in which the fuel electrode molded body and the solid electrolyte layer molded body are laminated is laminated on the support molded body to form a molded body.
- the above laminated molded body is calcined at 800 to 1200 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours to prepare a calcined body.
- a powder of Ni and / or NiO powder having a particle diameter smaller than that of the raw material powder of the support molded body, and a rare earth element oxide such as Y 2 O 3 which is equal to or smaller than the particle diameter of the raw material powder of the support molded body
- an organic binder and a solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry for sintering.
- a sintering aid is prepared by mixing a sintering aid such as boron oxide, iron oxide, lanthanum chromite perovskite oxide (LaCrO 3 oxide), a binder, and a solvent. May be.
- the slurry for sintering is applied or immersed in a target portion of the calcined body, and calcined again at 800 to 1200 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours.
- a slurry for the reinforcing layer is prepared using powder or the like. Then, these slurry is apply
- a material for the interconnector layer for example, LaCrMgO 3 oxide powder
- the slurry for interconnector layers is apply
- slurry may be applied so that the end of the interconnector layer molded body is laminated on the reinforcing layer 7 molded body.
- the above-mentioned laminated molded body is debindered and simultaneously sintered (simultaneously fired) in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 1400 to 1450 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours.
- a slurry containing an oxygen electrode layer material for example, LaCoO 3 oxide powder
- a solvent and a pore-forming agent is applied onto the solid electrolyte layer by dipping or the like, and baked at 1000 to 1300 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours. .
- an oxygen electrode layer material for example, LaCoO 3 oxide powder
- a solvent and a pore-forming agent is applied onto the solid electrolyte layer by dipping or the like, and baked at 1000 to 1300 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours.
- FIG. 9 is an external perspective view showing an example of a fuel cell module 18 which is a module in which the cell stack device 11 is stored in a storage container.
- the cell shown in FIG. 4 is placed inside a rectangular parallelepiped storage container 19.
- the stack device 11 is accommodated.
- a reformer 20 for reforming raw fuel such as natural gas or kerosene to generate fuel gas is disposed above the cell stack 12. .
- the fuel gas generated by the reformer 20 is supplied to the manifold 16 via the gas flow pipe 21 and supplied to the gas passage 2 a provided inside the cell 1 via the manifold 16.
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which a part (front and rear surfaces) of the storage container 19 is removed and the cell stack device 11 and the reformer 20 housed inside are taken out rearward.
- the cell stack device 11 can be slid and stored in the storage container 19.
- the cell stack device 11 may include the reformer 20.
- the oxygen-containing gas introduction member 22 provided inside the storage container 19 is disposed between a pair of cell stacks 12 juxtaposed on the manifold 16 in FIG. Further, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the lower end portion of the cell 1 so that the oxygen-containing gas flows from the lower end portion toward the upper end portion in accordance with the flow of the fuel gas. Then, the temperature of the cell 1 can be increased by reacting the fuel gas discharged from the gas passage 2a of the cell 1 with the oxygen-containing gas and burning it on the upper end side of the cell 1, so that the cell stack device 11 Start-up can be accelerated.
- the reformer disposed above the cell 1 (cell stack 12) by burning the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the gas passage 2a of the cell 1 on the upper end side of the cell 1. 20 can be warmed. Thereby, the reforming reaction can be efficiently performed in the reformer 20.
- the cell stack device 11 using the above-described cell 1 is stored in the storage container 19, so that the module 18 with improved long-term reliability can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a fuel cell device which is a module storage device in which the module 18 shown in FIG. 9 and an auxiliary machine for operating the cell stack device 11 are stored in an outer case. .
- a part of the configuration is omitted.
- the module storage device 23 shown in FIG. 10 divides the interior of the exterior case composed of the support columns 24 and the exterior plate 25 by a partition plate 26 in the vertical direction.
- the upper side is configured as a module storage chamber 27 for storing the module 18 described above, and the lower side is configured as an auxiliary machine storage chamber 28 for storing auxiliary machines for operating the module 18.
- auxiliary machines stored in the auxiliary machine storage chamber 28 are not shown.
- the partition plate 26 is provided with an air circulation port 29 for flowing the air in the auxiliary machine storage chamber 28 to the module storage chamber 27 side, and a part of the exterior plate 25 constituting the module storage chamber 27 An exhaust port 30 for exhausting the air in the module storage chamber 27 is provided.
- the module storage device 27 having improved long-term reliability is configured by storing the module 18 capable of improving long-term reliability in the module storage chamber 27. 23.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It can also be applied to a cell (electrolytic cell, SOEC) that generates hydrogen and oxygen (O 2 ) by electrolyzing water vapor (water) by applying water vapor and voltage to the cell.
- SOEC electrolytic cell
- a manifold can be fixed to both ends of the cell via a bonding agent to form a cell stack device. Therefore, by making the porosity at both ends of the cell smaller than the porosity at the center in the longitudinal direction of the support, the strength at both ends of the support becomes high, and cracks occur in the support. And a cell with improved long-term reliability.
- the present invention can be applied to a cell stack device, a module, and a module storage device including the cell, and a cell stack device, a module, and a module storage device with improved long-term reliability can be obtained.
- a NiO powder having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m and a Y 2 O 3 powder having an average particle size of 2.0 ⁇ m are mixed, and a clay prepared with an organic binder and a solvent is molded by an extrusion molding method and dried. Degreasing was performed to produce a conductive support molded body. The volume ratio of the support molded body after reduction was 48% by volume for NiO and 52% by volume for Y 2 O 3 .
- a sheet for solid electrolyte layer was prepared.
- a slurry for the fuel electrode layer is prepared by mixing the NiO powder having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m, the ZrO 2 powder in which Y 2 O 3 is dissolved, an organic binder, and a solvent, and screen-printed on the solid electrolyte layer sheet. It was applied by the method and dried to form a fuel electrode layer molded body.
- the sheet-shaped laminated molded body in which the fuel electrode layer molded body was formed on the solid electrolyte layer sheet was laminated at a predetermined position of the support molded body with the surface on the fuel electrode layer molded body side inward.
- the laminated molded body obtained by laminating the molded bodies as described above was calcined at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours to prepare a calcined body.
- NiO powder having an average particle diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m and Y 2 O 3 powder having an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m are mixed, and an organic binder and a solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry for sintering. It apply
- a lower end part is immersed in the slurry for sintering, and in the cell of the Example of Table 2, one main surface side (fuel electrode layer side) in the lower end part of the support body Only) was applied with the slurry for sintering.
- the slurry for sintering was apply
- a binder powder and a solvent were mixed with ZrO 2 powder having a particle diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m by a microtrack method in which 3 mol% of Y 2 O 3 was dissolved.
- the slurry obtained in this manner was applied to one main surface side of the lower end portion to prepare a reinforcing layer molded body.
- the average particle diameter 0.7 ⁇ m of La (Mg 0.3 Cr 0.7) 0.96 O 3 to prepare a slurry for interconnector layer of a mixture of organic binder and a solvent.
- the above-mentioned laminated molded body is subjected to a binder removal treatment, and co-fired at 1450 ° C. for 2 hours in the atmosphere. After that, an oxygen electrode layer slurry is applied on the solid electrolyte layer, The cell was produced by baking for 6 hours.
- the size of the produced cell is 25 mm ⁇ 170 mm, the thickness of the support 2 (thickness between the flat surfaces n) is 2 mm, the thickness of the fuel electrode layer is 10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the interconnector layer is It was 50 ⁇ m.
- the porosity was measured by cutting samples from the cells of Examples and Comparative Examples and measuring the porosity by Archimedes method.
- the size of the cut out sample is 20 mm ⁇ 10 mm and the thickness is 1 mm.
- the number of samples is 3 in each region, and the porosity is the average porosity of 3 samples. It was. The results are shown below.
- Table 1 shows the results of the porosity of each of the central part and the lower end part of the support and the presence or absence of occurrence of cracks in the support.
- Table 2 shows the results of the porosity of the one main surface side and the other main surface side at the lower end of the support and the presence or absence of cracks in the support.
- Table 3 shows the results of the porosity on the one main surface side and the other main surface side in the central portion of the support and the presence or absence of occurrence of cracks in the support.
- Cell 2 Support 2a: Gas passage 3: First electrode layer (fuel electrode layer) 4: Solid electrolyte layer 6: Second electrode layer (oxygen electrode layer) 7: Reinforcement layer 8: Interconnector layer 11: Cell stack device 18: Module (fuel cell module) 23: Module storage device (fuel cell device)
Abstract
Description
2:支持体
2a:ガス通路
3:第1電極層(燃料極層)
4:固体電解質層
6:第2電極層(酸素極層)
7:補強層
8:インターコネクタ層
11:セルスタック装置
18:モジュール(燃料電池モジュール)
23:モジュール収納装置(燃料電池装置)
Claims (6)
- 一対の主面を有する柱状の支持体の一方主面に、第1電極層、固体電解質層および第2電極層がこの順に積層された素子部を有し、
前記支持体の長手方向における両端部のうち少なくとも一方の端部の気孔率が、前記支持体の長手方向における中央部の気孔率よりも小さいセル。 - 前記固体電解質層が希土類元素酸化物を有する酸化物を含んでなり、前記支持体の前記一方の端部において、前記一方主面上に前記固体電解質層と、該固体電解質層と同じ酸化物であって、希土類元素の含有量が異なる酸化物を含んでなる補強層とがこの順に設けられており、他方主面上に前記補強層が設けられており、
前記一方の端部において、前記支持体は、前記一方主面側の気孔率が、前記他方主面側の気孔率よりも小さい請求項1に記載のセル。 - 前記支持体の前記他方主面側の前記中央部に、ランタンクロマイトを含むインターコネクタ層が設けられており、前記支持体は、前記中央部において、前記他方主面側の気孔率が、前記一方主面側の気孔率よりも小さい請求項1または請求項2に記載のセル。
- 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載のセルの複数個が、前記支持体の前記一方の端部が接合剤を介してマニホールドに接合されてなるセルスタック装置。
- 請求項4に記載のセルスタック装置を収納容器内に収納してなるモジュール。
- 請求項5に記載のモジュールと、該モジュールを作動させるための補機とを、外装ケース内に収納してなるモジュール収納装置。
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JP2017527834A JP6216101B1 (ja) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-16 | セル、セルスタック装置、モジュールおよびモジュール収納装置 |
US16/079,136 US10700365B2 (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-16 | Cell, cell stack device, module and module containing device |
EP17756341.8A EP3422449B1 (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-16 | Cell, cell stack device, module and module containing device |
CN201780010722.7A CN108604691B (zh) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-16 | 电池单元、电池堆装置、模块和模块收纳装置 |
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WO2020196632A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | セルスタック装置、モジュール及びモジュール収容装置 |
JP7433450B2 (ja) | 2020-08-24 | 2024-02-19 | 京セラ株式会社 | セル、セルスタック装置、モジュールおよびモジュール収容装置 |
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