WO2017126409A1 - ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法、ポリイミドフィルム、ポリアミド酸溶液及び感光性組成物 - Google Patents
ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法、ポリイミドフィルム、ポリアミド酸溶液及び感光性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
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- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyimide film, a polyimide film, a polyamic acid solution, and a photosensitive composition.
- glass substrates have been used as substrates (for example, substrates for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet terminals).
- the glass substrate has a problem that it is broken by an impact, there has been a demand for the appearance of a light and flexible material having a sufficiently high light transmittance and a sufficiently high heat resistance.
- aromatic polyimide for example, trade name “Kapton” manufactured by DuPont
- aromatic polyimide is a polyimide having sufficient flexibility and high heat resistance, it exhibits a brown color and can be used for glass replacement applications and optical applications that require light transmission. It wasn't. Therefore, in recent years, development of an alicyclic polyimide having sufficient light transmittance that can be used for glass substitute applications and the like has been advanced.
- Patent Document 1 As such an alicyclic polyimide, it has a specific general formula as described in, for example, International Publication No. 2011/099518 (Patent Document 1) as having sufficient light transmittance and high heat resistance. Polyimides having the repeating units described are known. In Patent Document 1, for example, after forming a polyamic acid solution, a coating film made of the polyamic acid solution is formed, and the coating film is cured to form a polyimide film. (See Example 7 of Patent Document 1).
- the surface smoothness of the film should be of a higher level (surface).
- a polyimide film is used for an organic EL substrate, if the surface roughness is large, a problem may occur that the electrodes are short-circuited and do not emit light. More desirable. From such a viewpoint, compared with the case of using a conventional method for producing a polyimide film, a polyimide film that can more efficiently produce a film having a higher level of surface smoothness. The advent of manufacturing methods is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and a method for producing a polyimide film, which can efficiently produce a film having a higher level of surface smoothness, and a method for producing the same
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide film obtained by using a polyamic acid, a polyamic acid solution that can be suitably used for the production of the polyimide film, and a photosensitive composition containing the polyamic acid solution.
- the inventors when using a known method for producing a polyimide film, the inventors basically have a high viscosity of a polyamic acid solution (resin solution: varnish). By forming the solution, the workability at the time of application of the solution (varnish) is further improved, and it becomes possible to more efficiently produce a film having a higher level of surface smoothness.
- a polyamic acid solution (resin solution: varnish).
- the present inventors use a large amount of solvent from the beginning in the preparation of the polyamic acid solution in order to reduce the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution (resin solution: varnish), and in the presence of a large amount of solvent, Attempts were made to react the compound, but when the polyamic acid solution obtained in this way was used as it was, there were cases where cracks occurred in the film obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid, and the polyimide film From the viewpoint of efficiently forming the film, it was not always sufficient. Thus, when a low-viscosity polyamic acid solution is simply prepared using a large amount of solvent, it may be difficult to obtain a uniform film (film without cracks) having sufficient mechanical strength. Yes, the polyimide film could not always be produced efficiently.
- a polyamic acid solution having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps is obtained, and then a compound represented by the following general formula (4) is added to the polyamic acid solution to form a polyimide forming mixed solution. Then, after forming a film made of the polyimide forming mixed solution, the polyamic acid in the film is imidized to use a sufficiently low-viscosity polyamic acid solution having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps.
- the present invention was completed by finding out that it is possible to efficiently form a film made of polyimide by imidizing it, and that the resulting film can have a higher level of surface smoothness. It came to do.
- the method for producing the polyimide film of the present invention comprises a solvent and the following general formula (1):
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a fluorine atom, and n is 0 to An integer of 12 is shown.
- R 10 represents an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms.
- a raw material mixed solution containing 15% by mass or less of the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine and the raw material mixed solution In the reaction, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine are reacted to form the following general formula (3):
- R 1, R 2, R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, represents one selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and fluorine atoms having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 10 is Represents an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- a step of obtaining a polyamic acid solution having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps by forming a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by:
- R 11 represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group
- R 12 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent
- R 13 represents a substituent.
- m represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, represents one selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and fluorine atoms having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 10 is Represents an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the polyimide film of the present invention is obtained by the above-described method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention includes a solvent, A polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3); A compound represented by the above general formula (4); And a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps.
- the photosensitive composition of the present invention contains the polyamic acid solution of the present invention and a photosensitizer.
- a method for producing a polyimide film capable of efficiently producing a film having a higher level of surface smoothness, a polyimide film obtained using the production method It is possible to provide a polyamic acid solution that can be suitably used for production, and a photosensitive composition containing the polyamic acid solution.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the polyimide obtained in Example 5.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of the polyimide obtained in Example 6.
- 6 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 7.
- 10 is a graph showing an IR spectrum of polyimide obtained in Example 8.
- the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention comprises a solvent, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1), and an aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (2), and And preparing a raw material mixture in which the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is 15% by mass or less, and in the raw material mixture, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic
- a film (polyimide film) made of polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) is formed by forming a film made of the mixed
- step of obtaining the polyamic acid solution is sometimes simply referred to as “first step”
- step of obtaining the polyimide forming mixture is sometimes simply referred to as “second step”.
- process of obtaining a film consisting of is sometimes simply referred to as the “third process”.
- the step of obtaining the polyamic acid solution according to the present invention comprises a solvent, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1), and an aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (2).
- the solvent used in the first step is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for the preparation of polyamic acid, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above general formula (1) It is preferable that it is an organic solvent which can melt
- the organic solvent suitable as the solvent used in the first step include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and propylene.
- Aprotic polar solvents such as carbonate, tetramethylurea (tetramethylurea), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, pyridine; m-cresol, xylenol, phenol, halogenated phenol Phenol solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, cellosolve, ether solvents such as glyme, diglyme and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; cyclopentanone Ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone; acetonitrile, nitrile solvents such as benzonitrile and the like.
- solvents include tetramethylurea (tetramethylurea), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is preferred, and tetramethylurea (tetramethylurea), ⁇ -butyrolactone, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone are more preferred.
- Such solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used in the first step is a compound (compound) represented by the general formula (1) (in the general formula (1), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 represents each independently one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 4. Is more preferable, and 1 to 3 is particularly preferable.
- such an alkyl group that can be selected as R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 may be linear or branched.
- such an alkyl group is more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) are each independently more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group More preferably an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Moreover, it is especially preferable that several R ⁇ 1 >, R ⁇ 2 >, R ⁇ 3 > in such a formula is the same thing.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 12.
- the upper limit value of the numerical value range of n in the general formula (1) is more preferably 5 and particularly preferably 3.
- the lower limit of the numerical range of n in the general formula (1) is more preferably 1, and particularly preferably 2.
- n in the general formula (1) is particularly preferably an integer of 2 to 3.
- the method for producing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, and a known method (for example, Example 2 of International Publication No. 2011/099518 or The method described in Example 4) can be appropriately employed.
- the aromatic diamine used in the first step is a compound (compound) represented by the general formula (2) (in the general formula (2), R 10 has 6 to 50 carbon atoms). Represents an aryl group).
- the aryl group that can be selected as R 10 in the general formula (2) has 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably has 6 to 40 carbon atoms, It is more preferably 6 to 30, and further preferably 12 to 20.
- R 15 represents one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group.
- Q represents a formula: —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CONH—, —SO 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4- C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CF 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, —O—C 6 H 4 —SO 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —O—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —O—, and —O A group
- each R a independently represents any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, and a tolyl group, and y represents an integer of 1 to 18) 1 type selected from the group consisting of groups represented by: ] It is preferable that it is at least 1 sort (s) of group represented by these.
- R 15 in the general formula (8) is more preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the resulting polyimide.
- R a in the general formula (10) that can be selected as Q in the general formula (9) is independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, and a tolyl group. It is.
- Such Ra is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a phenyl group, or a tolyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.
- y represents an integer of 1 to 15 (more preferably 3 to 12, more preferably 5 to 10).
- R 10 in the general formula (2) is a group represented by the formula (9)
- Q in the formula (9) is a group represented by the general formula (10).
- the group diamine for example, the following formula (11):
- Me represents a methyl group.
- silicone-based aromatic diamine for example, both terminal amino-modified siloxanes can be suitably used.
- Specific examples of such both-terminal amino-modified siloxane include amino-modified silicone oils manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (for example, PAM-E, KF-8010, X-22-161A, X-22-161B, KF-8012).
- dimethylsiloxane type diamine manufactured by Gelest for example, DMS-A11, DMS-A12, DMS-A15, DMS-A21, DMS-A31) DMS-A32, DMS-A32R, DMS-A35, etc.
- Q in the general formula (9) is a group represented by the formula: —CONH—, —O—C 6 H 4 —O—, —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 —, — A group represented by O—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —O— or —O—C 6 H 4 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—, a 9,9′-fluorenylidene group
- the group represented by the formula: —CONH—, —O—C 6 H 4 —O—, —O—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —O— or —O— is particularly preferred.
- a group represented by —CONH—, —O—C 6 H 4 —O— or —O— is most preferred.
- Q in the general formula (9) is preferably a group represented by the general formula (10), and is preferably a group represented by the formula: —CONH—.
- Examples of the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (2) include 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylethane, and 3,3′-.
- aromatic diamines 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide, p-diaminobenzene, 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4 '-Diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, 9,9'-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'- Diaminobiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenoxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether are preferable, and 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide, p-diaminobenzene, 4,4′-bis ( 4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl is more preferable, and 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide and p-diaminobenz
- the raw material mixed liquid concerning this invention contains the said solvent, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the said General formula (1), and the aromatic diamine represented by the said General formula (2). And the total content (mass% in a liquid mixture) of the said tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the said aromatic diamine is a 15 mass% or less thing. When the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine exceeds the upper limit, the reaction between the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is performed in the raw material mixture.
- the viscosity of the solution becomes high, and a polyamic acid solution having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps cannot be obtained.
- the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is 3 to 15% by mass. It is preferably 5 to 12% by mass. If the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine is less than the lower limit, a large amount of solvent is required and the physical properties of the polyimide film tend to be lowered.
- the content ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine in the raw material mixture is 0 in terms of a molar ratio ([the tetracarboxylic dianhydride]: [the aromatic diamine]). .75: 1.5 to 1.5: 0.75 is preferable, and 0.9: 1.1 to 1.1: 0.9 is more preferable.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine in the raw material mixture is not particularly limited, but the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is equivalent to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the aromatic diamine.
- the anhydride acid anhydride group is preferably 0.5 to 2 equivalents, more preferably 0.7 to 1.2 equivalents.
- Examples of other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1) include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6 -Tricarboxynorbornane-2-acetic acid dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-hexahydro-5- (tetrahydro-2,5 -Dioxo-3-furanyl) -naphtho [1,2-c] -furan-1,3-dione, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-hexahydro-5-methyl-5- (te
- heptadec -4,5,11,13- aliphatic such as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or an alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3, 6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylsilanetetracarboxylic dianhydride 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic dianhydride 3,
- the polyimide obtained contains another repeating unit with the repeating unit represented by the general formula (5).
- the amount used is such that the resulting polyimide can have sufficient transparency. It is preferable to change appropriately within the range.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine are reacted in the raw material mixture to form a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3). To do.
- the reaction temperature at the time of reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine may be appropriately adjusted to a temperature at which these compounds can be reacted, and is not particularly limited.
- the temperature is set to ⁇ 50 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C., and still more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- a method capable of performing a polymerization reaction of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine can be appropriately used.
- a method capable of performing a polymerization reaction of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine can be appropriately used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is added, and then A method of reacting at the reaction temperature for 0.5 to 24 hours (more preferably 1 to 15 hours, still more preferably 2 to 10 hours) may be employed.
- a stirring method is not particularly limited, and a known method (for example, a method using a known stirring device) can be appropriately used.
- the raw material mixing is performed from the viewpoint of sufficiently forming polyamic acid in the raw material mixture.
- the solution is subjected to a temperature condition of 0 to 50 ° C. (more preferably 10 to 40 ° C., more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.) for 0.5 to 24 hours (more preferably 1 to 15 hours, still more preferably 2 to 10 hours). ) It is preferable to react the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine in the raw material mixture by stirring.
- the polyamic acid which has a repeating unit represented by the said General formula (3) can be formed by making the said tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the said aromatic diamine react.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (3) is, R 1, respectively in the general formula (1), R 2, R is 3 and the same as the n (respectively general formula (1) be R 1, R 2, R 3 and n as defined in), it is also the same as R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (1) as its preferred .
- R 10 in the general formula (3) is (the same meaning as R 10 in the general formula (2)) is similar to the R 10 in the general formula (2), others that suitable The same as R 10 in the general formula (2).
- the polycarboxylic acid is formed in the raw material mixture by reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine in the raw material mixture, and the viscosity is 5 to 5.
- a polyamic acid solution of 150 cps (centipoise) is obtained.
- the viscosity of such a polyamic acid solution is more preferably 10 to 100 cps, and particularly preferably 20 to 50 cps.
- the polyamic acid solution is preferably stored at a low storage temperature.
- the storage temperature of such a polyamic acid solution is preferably -80 ° C to -1 ° C, more preferably -40 ° C to -5 ° C, and particularly preferably -20 ° C to -10 ° C.
- the storage period of the polyamic acid solution at such a storage temperature depends on the storage temperature to be employed, and cannot be generally specified, but is preferably 1 day to 2 years, and is preferably 1 week to 2 weeks. One year is more desirable, and one month to half a year is particularly preferable. Note that the storage period is preferably short in consideration of storage effort, economy, and the like.
- the conditions of the storage temperature and the storage period of the polyamic acid solution are adopted. It is preferable to store it.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution can be measured as follows. That is, the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution is a RE-85L viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., and a 1 ° 34 ′ ⁇ R24 standard cone rotor installed as a cone rotor is used as a viscosity measuring device. To measure. In addition, when measuring the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution, a viscosity meter calibration standard solution JS20 (standard solution for viscosity meter calibration in accordance with JIS Z8809 (issued in 2011)) manufactured by Nippon Grease Co., Ltd. was used before the measurement.
- JS20 standard solution for viscosity meter calibration in accordance with JIS Z8809 (issued in 2011)
- the viscosity measuring device (the viscometer) is calibrated under a temperature condition of 25 ° C. Then, using the viscosity measuring apparatus (viscosimeter) after calibration, the polyamic acid is subjected to a temperature condition of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of the cone rotor in a range of 0.5 to 100 rpm. Measure the viscosity of the solution.
- a value measured by adopting the measurement method as described above is adopted.
- a method for measuring such a viscosity a method based on JIS Z8803 (issued in 2011) is adopted.
- the method for measuring the viscosity is a method suitably used for the measurement of a solution having a low viscosity (viscosity of 1215 cps or less), the viscosity is outside the range (5 to 150 cps) of the polyamic acid solution according to the present invention.
- the viscosity of a solution having such a high viscosity for example, 352.3 to 70460 cps
- the type of cone rotor or the type of standard solution for viscometer calibration may be changed.
- the content (concentration) of polyamic acid in the solution is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, More preferably, it is 5 to 12% by mass.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid solution is the total content of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine in the raw material solution (mass in the mixed solution). %) Within the above range can be easily achieved.
- the step of obtaining the polyimide forming mixed solution according to the present invention is a step (second step) of adding the compound represented by the general formula (4) to the polyamic acid solution to obtain a polyimide forming mixed solution.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) is sometimes simply referred to as “imidazole compound”.
- R 11 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group.
- R 12 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent
- R 13 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent
- R 14 each independently represents a halogen atom, 1 type selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, mercapto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfonate group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphonate group and organic group
- m is 0 to Represents an integer of 3.
- R 11 in the general formula (4) is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group as described above.
- the alkyl group may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that can be selected as R 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 5. .
- alkyl groups suitable as R 11 in the general formula (4) include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert- Butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, 2-ethyl-n-hexyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n-
- a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- R 12 in the general formula (4) is an aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group which may have such a substituent may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and further an aromatic which may have a substituent. It may be a heterocyclic group.
- the kind of the aromatic hydrocarbon group that can be used as such an aromatic group is such that the effects of the imidazole compound (e.g., an effect as an accelerator for high molecular weight and an effect as an accelerator for imidization) are impaired.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group may be a monocyclic aromatic group, may be formed by condensation of two or more aromatic hydrocarbon groups, or may be two or more aromatic groups.
- the hydrocarbon group may be formed by a single bond.
- a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenylyl group, an anthryl group, and a phenanthrenyl group are preferable.
- the kind of the aromatic heterocyclic group that can be used as the aromatic group is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the imidazole compound is not impaired.
- Such an aromatic heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
- a pyridyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, and a benzoimidazolyl group are preferable.
- Such an aromatic group may have a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group , Mercapto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfino group, sulfo group, sulfonate group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphono group, phosphonate group, amino group, ammonio group, and organic group Can be mentioned.
- the plurality of substituents may be the same or different.
- the substituent of the aromatic group is an organic group
- examples of the organic group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
- Such an organic group may contain a bond or substituent other than a hydrocarbon group such as a hetero atom in the organic group.
- the organic group may be linear, branched or cyclic. This organic group is usually monovalent, but can be a divalent or higher organic group when a cyclic structure is formed.
- the two substituents bonded on the adjacent carbon atom may be bonded to form a cyclic structure.
- a cyclic structure include an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and an aliphatic ring containing a hetero atom.
- the bond contained in the organic group is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the imidazole compound is not impaired.
- a bond containing a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a silicon atom may be included.
- the bond containing a hetero atom that the organic group may have is represented by the above general formula.
- the type of substituent other than the hydrocarbon group is the effect of the imidazole compound.
- substituents other than hydrocarbon groups include halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups, sulfide groups, cyano groups, isocyano groups, cyanato groups, isocyanato groups, thiocyanato groups, isothiocyanato groups, silyl groups, silanol groups.
- the hydrogen atom contained in the substituent may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group. Further, the hydrocarbon group contained in the substituent may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- Examples of the substituent that the aromatic group (for example, a phenyl group, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group) has include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylamino group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom are preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) (imidazole compound) can be synthesized inexpensively and easily, and the solubility of the imidazole compound in water or an organic solvent is high. From the viewpoint of being good, a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a furyl group which may have a substituent, and a thienyl group which may have a substituent are preferable.
- R 13 in the general formula (4) is an alkylene group which may have a substituent.
- the substituent that the alkylene group may have is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the effect of the imidazole compound. Specific examples of the substituent that such an alkylene group may have include a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom.
- the alkylene group may be a linear alkylene group or a branched alkylene group, and is preferably a linear alkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms of such an alkylene group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 5. The number of carbon atoms of such an alkylene group does not include the carbon atom of the substituent that is bonded to the alkylene group.
- the alkoxy group as a substituent bonded to such an alkylene group may be a linear alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group as a substituent bonded to such an alkylene group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and particularly preferably 1 to 3.
- the amino group as a substituent bonded to the alkylene group may be a monoalkylamino group or a dialkylamino group.
- the alkyl group contained in such a monoalkylamino group or dialkylamino group may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group contained in such a monoalkylamino group or dialkylamino group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and particularly preferably 1 to 3.
- alkylene group suitable as R 13 in the general formula (4) include a methylene group, an ethane-1,2-diyl group, an n-propane-1,3-diyl group, and an n-propane- 2,2-diyl group, n-butane-1,4-diyl group, n-pentane-1,5-diyl group, n-hexane-1,6-diyl group, n-heptane-1,7-diyl group N-octane-1,8-diyl group, n-nonane-1,9-diyl group, n-decane-1,10-diyl group, n-undecane-1,11-diyl group, n-dodecane-1 , 12-diyl group, n-tridecane-1,13-diyl group, n-tetradecane-1,14-d
- R 14 in the general formula (4) is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a silyl group, a silanol group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a sulfonate group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphonate group, or an organic group.
- m is an integer from 0 to 3. When m is an integer of 2 to 3, the plurality of R 14 may be the same or different.
- R 14 in the general formula (4) is an organic group
- the organic group is the same as the organic group described as the substituent for the aromatic group in R 12 in the formula (4).
- R 14 in the general formula (4) is an organic group
- the organic group is preferably an alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an isopropyl group. More preferred.
- R 14 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenylyl group, an anthryl group, or a phenanthrenyl group, and more preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
- a phenyl group is particularly preferred.
- R 14 is an aromatic heterocyclic group
- examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group include pyridyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, oxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, A benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, and a benzimidazolyl group are preferable, and a furyl group and a thienyl group are more preferable.
- R 14 in the general formula (4) is an alkyl group
- the bonding position of the alkyl group on the imidazole ring is preferably any of the 2-position, 4-position, and 5-position, and more preferably the 2-position.
- R 14 in the general formula (4) is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- the bonding position of these groups on imidazole is preferably the 2-position.
- n in the general formula (4) is an integer of 0 to 3.
- the value of m is more preferably an integer from 0 to 2.
- R 11, R 13, R 14 and m are the same as R 11, R 13, R 14 and m respectively above general formula (4) in, R 20, R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfino group, sulfo group, sulfonate group, A phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphono group, a phosphonate group, an amino group, an ammonio group or an organic group, provided that at least one of R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 is a group other than a hydrogen atom; .) A compound represented by the general formula (4-1) is more preferable, and a compound in which R 13 is a methylene group is more preferable.
- R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 in the general formula (4-1) are organic groups
- the organic group has R 12 in the general formula (4) as a substituent. It is the same as the organic group.
- R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 in the formula is represented by the formula: —O—R 30
- R 30 is A substituent represented by a hydrogen atom or an organic group (hereinafter, such a substituent represented by the formula: —O—R 30 is sometimes simply referred to as “substituent (A)”).
- R 24 is particularly preferably the substituent (A).
- R 20 , R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 30 in the substituent (A) is an organic group
- the organic group is the same as the organic group described as the substituent for the aromatic group in R 12 in the general formula (4).
- R 30 in such a substituent (A) is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group. preferable.
- R 11, R 14 and m are the same as R 11, R 14 and m respectively above general formula (4) in, R 31, R 32, R 33, R 34 and R 35 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfino group, sulfo group, sulfonate group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphono group A group, a phosphonato group, an amino group, an ammonio group, or an organic group, provided that at least one of R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34, and R 35 is a group other than a hydrogen atom.)
- the compound represented by these is preferable.
- R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 and R 35 is the substituent (A) (formula: —O—R). Group represented by 30 ), and R 35 is particularly preferably the substituent (A).
- R 35 is the substituent (A) (formula: a group represented by —O—R 30 )
- R 31 , R 32 , R 33 and R 34 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- the method for synthesizing the imidazole compound represented by the general formula (4) is not particularly limited. For example, by reacting a halogen-containing carboxylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (I) and an imidazole compound represented by the following general formula (II) according to a conventional method, imidazolylation is carried out. A compound (imidazole compound) represented by the formula (4) can be synthesized.
- R 11, R 12, R 14 and m are the same as R 11, R 12, R 14 and m respectively above general formula (4).
- an imidazole compound can also be synthesized by a method using a Michael addition reaction described below.
- R 11 and R 12 are each the same as R 11 and R 12 in the general formula (4).
- R 12, R 14 and m are the same as R 12, R 14 and m respectively above general formula (4).
- R 12 is the same as R 12 in the general formula (4).
- a Michael addition reaction occurs between the 3-substituted acrylic acid represented by the general formula (V) and the imidazole compound represented by the general formula (II), and the general formula (4-3) Is produced.
- the compound (imidazole compound) represented by the general formula (4) used in the second step has been described.
- such an imidazole compound is added to the polyamic acid solution, A mixed liquid for polyimide formation is prepared.
- the total content of the imidazole compound and the polyamic acid in the obtained polyimide forming mixed liquid is 20% by mass or less ( The amount is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 12 to 5% by mass.
- the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (4) is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyamic acid. Is more preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) is added to the polyamic acid solution (the method for adding the imidazole compound is not particularly limited, and the imidazole compound powder (solid content) is added to the polyamic acid solution.
- a solution in which the imidazole compound is dissolved in a solvent preferably similar to the solvent used in the polyamic acid solution
- the polyamic acid is prepared in advance, and the polyamic acid is prepared.
- a method may be employed in which the imidazole compound is added to the polyamic acid solution by adding the solution to the solution.
- the polyamic acid solution and the imidazole compound are added. Each of the two solutions is prepared, and these two solutions are mixed to form a polyimide-forming mixed solution. Imide film may be formed.
- the compound (imidazole compound) represented by the general formula (4) is added to the polyamic acid solution (polyamic acid solution obtained by the first step).
- the viscosity of the mixed liquid for polyimide formation in the stage after the addition and before proceeding with the reaction of high molecular weight and imidization basically depends on the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution.
- a film preferably a coating film
- the polyimide forming mixture (the polyamic acid solution containing the imidazole compound) in this way, if it is necessary to store the solution, in the polyimide forming mixture during storage It is preferable to store the polyamic acid solution at a low storage temperature from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in the molecular weight of the polyamic acid and maintaining the viscosity of the polyimide forming mixture at 5 to 150 cps.
- the storage temperature of such a polyimide forming mixture is preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. to ⁇ 10 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to ⁇ 15 ° C., and particularly preferably ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the storage period of the polyimide forming liquid mixture depends on the storage temperature and cannot be generally specified, but it is preferably 0.5 days to 1 year, and 1 day to half a year. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 1 week to 3 months.
- the polyimide forming liquid mixture further includes an adhesion improver for a substrate (inorganic substrate such as glass, metal, metal oxide, etc.) to which the polyimide forming liquid mixture is applied. That is, it is preferable that such a mixed liquid for forming a polyimide is composed of a composition further containing the adhesion improver.
- an adhesion improver for example, when a laser peeling process is performed to peel a film from a glass substrate after forming a polyimide film (when using a so-called laser lift-off method), a laser peeling process is performed. In the previous stage, it is possible to develop a sufficiently high adhesion to the glass substrate in the polyimide film.
- the film is processed for use in various situations before the laser peeling treatment (other layers are added). It is possible to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of breakage due to peeling of the film from the substrate, for example, when processing such as laminating. On the other hand, even if the adhesion to the glass substrate is improved by such an adhesion improver, the obtained polyimide film can be efficiently peeled from the glass substrate by a so-called laser lift-off method.
- any adhesive can be used as long as it can improve the adhesion to a substrate (inorganic substrate such as glass, metal, metal oxide) to which the polyimide-forming mixed solution is applied,
- a substrate inorganic substrate such as glass, metal, metal oxide
- silane coupling agents, siloxane resins, and polysilanes are preferable, silane coupling agents and siloxane resins are more preferable, and silane coupling agents are particularly preferable.
- Such an adhesion improver is not particularly limited, and commercially available products may be used as appropriate.
- such a silane coupling agent is not particularly limited.
- the content of the adhesion improver is 0.01 to 50 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyamic acid forming the polyamic acid solution.
- the amount is preferably part by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.
- Step of obtaining a film made of polyimide (third step)>
- the process of obtaining the film which consists of a polyimide concerning this invention forms the film
- a third step there is no particular limitation on the method for forming the film composed of the polyimide-forming mixed solution, and a known method can be appropriately used.
- a film in this case, a coating film
- a method for forming a film (in this case, a coating film) by using a base material for supporting the film and applying the mixed liquid for polyimide formation on the supporting base material can be mentioned.
- the base material for applying such a polyimide-forming mixed solution (the base material for supporting the film when the film is formed), and the shape of the target substrate film made of polyimide is not limited.
- a base material for example, a glass plate or a metal plate
- a known material that can be used for forming a substrate film made of a polymer can be used as appropriate.
- the method for applying the polyimide-forming mixed solution on the substrate is not particularly limited.
- spin coating for example, spin coating, spray coating, dip coating, dropping, gravure printing, screen printing, letterpress
- Known methods such as a printing method, a die coating method, a slit coating method, a curtain coating method, and an ink jet method can be appropriately employed.
- the thickness of the polyimide-forming mixed solution film formed on the substrate is preferably 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m after curing, and preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. More preferably.
- a treatment for removing the solvent by heating after forming the film of the polyimide forming mixed solution.
- a method for such solvent removal treatment is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to remove the solvent at a heating temperature of 0 to 150 ° C. (more preferably 20 to 80 ° C.).
- the atmosphere during heating can be under air, but an inert gas atmosphere (for example, a nitrogen atmosphere) is preferable.
- the pressure condition in such solvent removal treatment is preferably 1 to 760 mmHg.
- the method for imidizing the polyamic acid in such a film is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed. It is possible to increase the molecular weight of the polyamic acid and the ring-closing dehydration reaction (imidation reaction) using the compound represented by the general formula (4) as a catalyst more efficiently. It is preferable to employ a method of imidizing by treatment.
- the temperature condition of the heat treatment is 150 to 450 ° C. (more preferably 200 to 400 ° C., more preferably 250 to 380 ° C., particularly The temperature is preferably 280 to 350 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 0.1 to 10 hours, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.
- the atmospheric conditions during the heat treatment include an inert gas atmosphere (for example, a nitrogen atmosphere) from the viewpoint of suppressing coloring and deterioration of physical properties due to oxygen.
- an inert gas atmosphere for example, a nitrogen atmosphere
- a low acid concentration atmosphere atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1 to 300 ppm
- heat treatment under air can be performed at 250 ° C. or less and by addition of an antioxidant or the like.
- heating can be performed in a high oxygen concentration atmosphere (oxygen concentration: an atmosphere of more than 300 ppm and 10000 ppm or less) as long as coloring by oxygen can be suppressed. Processing may be performed.
- a high oxygen concentration atmosphere oxygen concentration: more than 300 ppm and not more than 10,000 ppm
- 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) -hexafluoro is used as the aromatic diamine.
- Fluorine diamines such as propane, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenoxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, and 3,3'-diamino It is preferable to use a sulfone diamine of diphenylsulfone or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (5) is, R 1, respectively in the general formula (1), R 2, R is 3 and the same as the n (respectively general formula (1) be R 1, R 2, R 3 and n as defined in), it is also the same as R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (1) as its preferred .
- R 10 in the general formula (5) is (the same meaning as R 10 in the general formula (2)) is similar to the R 10 in the general formula (2), others that suitable The same as R 10 in the general formula (2).
- the polyimide forming such a film preferably has a 5% weight loss temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 450 to 550 ° C.
- a 5% weight reduction temperature is obtained by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (for example, trade name “TG / DTA220” manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd.) as a measuring device, and scanning temperature in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Is set to 30 ° C. to 550 ° C., and the temperature rising rate is 10 ° C./min.
- the temperature can be determined by measuring the temperature at which the weight of the sample used is reduced by 5%. In the measurement, it is preferable to use the mass of the sample as 1.0 mg to 10 mg (more preferably 1.5 mg to 4.0 mg). By setting the mass of the sample within the above range, the same value can be measured for the same polyimide even if the mass of the sample is changed.
- the polyimide forming such a film preferably has a glass transition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. to 500 ° C., and particularly preferably 300 ° C. to 450 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of such a polyimide is measured using a thermomechanical analyzer (for example, trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku) as a measuring device, under a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- TMA8311 trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku
- a value obtained by scanning between 30 ° C. and 550 ° C. in the penetration mode (measured value by a so-called penetration (needle insertion) method) can be adopted.
- the following softening temperatures can be measured simultaneously under the same measurement conditions as the glass transition temperature (when a glass transition temperature is detected, a peak appears before the softening temperature).
- such a polyimide preferably has a softening temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 to 550 ° C.
- a softening temperature can be measured by a penetration mode using a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku) (can be measured by a so-called penetration method).
- a measuring method of such a softening temperature for example, a film made of polyimide having a size of 5 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 13 ⁇ m in thickness is prepared as a measurement sample, and a thermomechanical analyzer (manufactured by Rigaku) is used as a measuring device.
- a transparent quartz pin (tip diameter: tip diameter) was applied to the film under a temperature range of 30 ° C. to 550 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere under a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1000 to 100,000 in terms of polystyrene.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of such a polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 500,000 in terms of polystyrene.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide is preferably 1.1 to 5.0.
- the molecular weight (Mw or Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of such a polyimide can be obtained by converting measured data with polystyrene using gel permeation chromatography as a measuring device.
- the molecular weight is estimated based on the viscosity of the polyamic acid used for the production of the polyimide, and the polyimide according to the application is selected. May be used.
- the total light transmittance is 80% or more (more preferably 85% or more, particularly preferably 87% or more).
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a haze (turbidity) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency.
- such a polyimide is more preferably one having a yellowness (YI) of 5 to 0 (more preferably 4 to 0, particularly preferably 3 to 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining higher transparency. .
- Such total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) can be easily achieved by appropriately selecting the type of polyimide.
- Such total light transmittance, haze (turbidity) and yellowness (YI) are measured by using a product name “Haze Meter NDH-5000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. or Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. Using a product name “Spectral Color Meter SD6000” manufactured by the company (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., product name “Haze Meter NDH-5000”), total light transmittance and haze were measured.
- the value measured by using a film made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 20 ⁇ m as a sample for measurement can be adopted.
- the total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI) are the same because the thickness is sufficiently thin and does not affect the measured value if the film is made of polyimide having a thickness of 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the same value can be measured from the polyimide. Therefore, what is necessary is just to utilize the film which has the thickness of the said range for the measurement of a total light transmittance, haze (turbidity), and yellowness (YI).
- the vertical and horizontal sizes of the measurement sample may be any size that can be arranged at the measurement site of the measurement apparatus, and the vertical and horizontal sizes may be appropriately changed.
- Such total light transmittance is obtained by measuring in accordance with JIS K7361-1 (issued in 1997), and haze (turbidity) is measured in accordance with JIS K7136 (issued in 2000).
- the yellowness (YI) is obtained by performing measurement in accordance with ASTM E313-05 (issued in 2005).
- such a polyimide preferably has a linear expansion coefficient of 0 to 100 ppm / K, more preferably 5 to 60 ppm / K, and still more preferably 10 to 30 ppm / K.
- a linear expansion coefficient exceeds the upper limit, peeling tends to occur due to thermal history when combined with a metal or an inorganic material having a linear expansion coefficient range of 5 to 20 ppm / K.
- thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310” manufactured by Rigaku) as a measurement device, under a nitrogen atmosphere, a tensile mode (49 mN), By adopting the temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min, the change in the length of the sample in the longitudinal direction from 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. is measured, and the length per 1 ° C. in the temperature range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. The value obtained by calculating the average value of the changes in is adopted.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) is used while using a sufficiently low-viscosity polyamic acid solution.
- the compound represented by the above general formula (4) functions like a catalyst, and is sufficiently coated with a substrate, and when sufficiently dried, the polyamic acid has a sufficiently high molecular weight and a ring-closing dehydration reaction (imidation reaction). It is possible not only to progress the imidization reaction without causing cracks in the resulting film, but it is sufficiently low for film production.
- the polyamic acid solution of a certain degree can be used, so that it is possible to maintain uniform coating properties derived from low viscosity, and the surface can be smoothed at a higher level. I guess.
- Polyimide film of the present invention The polyimide film of the present invention is obtained by the above-described method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention.
- the polyimide film of this invention is a film which consists of a polyimide which has the repeating unit represented by the said General formula (5) obtained by the manufacturing method of the polyimide film of the said invention.
- the polyimide which forms such a film is the same as what was demonstrated in the manufacturing method of the polyimide film of the said invention.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (5) is similar to the R 1, R 2, R 3 and n in the general formula (1), respectively, as their preferred Is the same as R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and n in the general formula (1).
- R 10 in the general formula (5) is the same as the R 10 in the general formula (2), also similar to the R 10 in the general formula (2) as its preferred is there.
- Such a polyimide film is obtained by the above-described method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention, it becomes a film having a high level of surface smoothness.
- a polyimide film preferably has a surface arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.01 to 2.0 nm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 nm, and more preferably 0.5 to What is 1.0 nm is particularly preferable.
- Ra arithmetic average roughness
- a method of measuring arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is obtained by obtaining ten points of arithmetic mean roughness under conditions of Z measurement magnification: 50000 and X feed rate: 0.2 mm / s.
- a measuring device for arithmetic average roughness (Ra: unit nm) for example, a high-precision fine shape measuring instrument “trade name: SUREFCORDER ET 4000A” manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. is used. Can do.
- the form of such a polyimide film should just be a film form, and is not restrict
- the thickness of the polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- such a polyimide film is made of, for example, a film for a flexible wiring board (FPC board), FCCL, because the polyimide forming the film becomes an alicyclic polyimide having sufficiently high transparency and heat resistance.
- the polyimide film of the present invention has sufficiently high surface smoothness, it is particularly used in applications where surface smoothness is required, such as organic EL element substrates (organic EL element substrates). If the surface has a high level of smoothness, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode provided on the substrate and the other electrode to a high degree. Is preferably used for a high-definition display substrate, a medical high-definition display substrate, a transparent display substrate, a signage display substrate, and the like.
- the polyimide film of the present invention has been described above.
- the polyamic acid solution (the solution containing the polyamic acid solution of the present invention as a preferred embodiment thereof) will be described.
- the polyamic acid solution contains a solvent and a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3), and has a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps.
- the solvent and the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution are the same as those described in the method for producing the polyimide film of the present invention (the preferred ones are also the same). Furthermore, the viscosity of such a polyamic acid solution is the same as the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution described in the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention (the preferred range thereof is also the same). Thus, the polyamic acid solution is the same as the polyamic acid solution described as being obtained by the first step of the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention.
- such a polyamic acid solution contains the solvent, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (1), and the aromatic diamine represented by the general formula (2).
- a polyamic acid solution having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps obtained by reacting with an aromatic diamine to form a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3) is preferable.
- the characteristics (for example, the content of the polyamic acid, etc.) of such a polyamic acid solution are the same as those described in the first step of the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention.
- a polyamic acid solution one further containing a compound represented by the general formula (4) is preferable. That is, as such a polyamic acid solution, a solvent, a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3), and a compound (imidazole compound) represented by the general formula (4) are included.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention which contains and has a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps is more preferable.
- Such a polyamic acid solution can be used to efficiently produce a polyimide film having a sufficiently smooth surface by adding and using the compound represented by the general formula (4) (imidazole compound). It is. Therefore, such a polyamic acid solution is particularly useful as a raw material solution (resin solution: varnish) for producing a polyimide film used for various applications.
- such a polyamic acid solution has a low viscosity, it can be suitably used as a raw material solution for producing a polyimide film, and can also be suitably used for other applications.
- Applications for which such a polyamic acid solution can be suitably used are not limited to a raw material solution for producing a polyimide film.
- the polyamic acid solution is a raw material solution for a photosensitive composition. Etc. are also useful.
- Examples of the photosensitive composition that can suitably use such a polyamic acid solution include those obtained by adding a photosensitizer to the polyamic acid solution. Such a photosensitive composition will be described later.
- the polyamic acid solution of the present invention contains a compound represented by the general formula (4).
- the polyamic acid solution containing the compound represented by the general formula (4) the “polyimide-forming mixed liquid (in addition, described above) described in the polyimide production method of the present invention described above is used.
- the polyimide-forming mixed solution is preferably the same as “a preferred embodiment of the polyamic acid solution”).
- a photosensitive composition comprises the above-described polyamic acid solution (containing a solvent and a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3) and having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps), a photosensitive composition. Agent.
- the photosensitive composition containing such a polyamic acid solution and a photosensitizing agent those further containing a compound represented by the general formula (4) are preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) is also an accelerator for increasing the molecular weight.
- the photosensitive composition is represented by the polyamic acid solution of the present invention (solvent, polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3), and the general formula (4).
- a photosensitive composition of the present invention comprising a compound having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cps and a photosensitive agent.
- the photosensitive composition may be either a positive type or a negative type.
- a photosensitive composition becomes a positive photosensitive composition if, for example, a photosensitive agent having a function of increasing the solubility of a light irradiated portion in a developer is used as the photosensitive agent. If a photosensitive agent having a function of reducing the solubility of the developed portion in the developer is used, a negative photosensitive composition can be obtained.
- preferred embodiments of the positive-type and negative-type photosensitive compositions will be described separately, but the photosensitive composition of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- ⁇ Positive photosensitive composition As a suitable example of such a positive photosensitive composition, (A) the polyamic acid solution (containing a solvent and a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3), and In which the viscosity is 5 to 150 cps) and (B) a photoacid generator.
- the polyamic acid solution is (C) a compound represented by the general formula (4) It is more preferable that it contains.
- the (A) polyamic acid solution and (C) the compound represented by the general formula (4) in such a positive photosensitive composition are the same as those already described above.
- the (B) photoacid generator suitably used for the positive photosensitive composition may be any so-called photosensitizer, such as a quinonediazide group-containing compound, an aryldiazonium salt, a diaryliodonium salt, A conventionally well-known thing is mentioned, such as a triarylsulfonium salt.
- quinonediazide group-containing compounds include orthoquinonediazide compounds and diazonaphthoquinone compounds.
- fully esterified products and partial esters of phenolic compounds also referred to as phenolic hydroxyl group-containing compounds
- naphthoquinonediazidesulfonic acid compounds Orthoquinonediazide sulfonyl chlorides and hydroxyquinone, amino compounds and the like are subjected to a condensation reaction in the presence of a dehydrochlorinating agent.
- orthoquinonediazide sulfonyl chlorides examples include benzoquinone-1,2-diazide-4-sulfonyl chloride, 1-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-5-sulfonyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as 5-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonic acid chloride).
- 1-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-4-sulfonyl chloride hereinafter sometimes referred to as 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid chloride).
- hydroxy compound examples include hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrogallol, bisphenol A, 4,4 ′-[1- [4- [1-methyl-1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] phenyl] ethylidene] bisphenol, Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,2', 3'-pentahydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,3 ', 4', 5'-hexahydroxybenzophenone, bis (2, 3,4-trihydroxyphenyl) methane, bis (2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl) Nyl) propane, 4b, 5,9b, 10-tetrahydro-1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5,10-di
- amino compound examples include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′- Diaminodiphenyl sulfide, o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dihydroxybiphenyl, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) Hexafluoropropane
- NQD1 An ester compound obtained by the reaction of acid chloride, 4,4 ′-[1- [4- [1-methyl-1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] phenyl] ethylidene] bisphenol and 5- It is preferable to mix with an ester compound (hereinafter referred to as (NQD2)) obtained by reaction with naphthoquinonediazidesulfonic acid chloride.
- the mixing ratio (NQD1: NQD2) is preferably 99: 1 to 0.5: 99.5, more preferably 95: 5 to 1:99, and 90:10 to 3:97 is more preferable.
- a thermal crosslinking agent for such a positive photosensitive composition, a thermal crosslinking agent, a silicon-containing compound, a non-polymerizable binder polymer, a solvent, an elastomer, a dissolution accelerator, a dissolution inhibitor, a surfactant, or a leveling agent is optionally added.
- other components such as a thermal acid generator can be contained.
- Such a thermal cross-linking agent is not particularly limited except that it is a compound that cross-links or polymerizes in the heat treatment step after development, but is a compound having a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group, an epoxy group, or a vinyl ether group in the molecule. Preferably there is.
- 1,2-benzenedimethanol, 1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, 1,3,5-benzenetrimethanol, 4,4-biphenyldimethanol, 2,6-pyridinedimethanol Compounds having a methylol group such as methanol, 2,6-bis (hydroxymethyl) -p-cresol, 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-dialkoxymethylphenol); 1,4-bis (methoxymethyl) benzene 1,3-bis (methoxymethyl) benzene, 4,4′-bis (methoxymethyl) biphenyl, 3,4′-bis (methoxymethyl) biphenyl, 3,3′-bis (methoxymethyl) biphenyl, 2, Alkoxy compounds such as methyl 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate and 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-dimethoxymethylphenol)
- methylol melamine compounds such as hexamethylol melamine and he
- the silicon-containing compound examples include a silicon-containing resin, a silicon-containing resin precursor, and a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent is preferable, and 1- (2pyridyl) -3- [3- More preferred are ureido group-containing silane coupling agents such as (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] urea and 1- (3pyridyl) -3- [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] urea.
- the preferred content ratio of each component in the positive photosensitive composition is as follows.
- the content of the polyamic acid solution is preferably such that the resin content in (A) is 50% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the positive photosensitive composition, and is 60 to 90% by mass. More preferably.
- the content of the (B) photoacid generator is preferably 3 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin content in the (A) polyamic acid solution from the viewpoint of sensitivity and the like. preferable.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (4) is preferably 0.5 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component in (A) the polyamic acid solution, and 1 to 40 parts by mass. Part is more preferred.
- the positive photosensitive composition contains a thermal crosslinking agent
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component of the (A) polyamic acid solution.
- the positive photosensitive composition contains a silane compound
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component of the (A) polyamic acid solution. More preferably, the content is ⁇ 10 parts by mass.
- the solid content concentration of the positive photosensitive composition is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- the polyamic acid solution (containing a solvent and a polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (3), and having a viscosity And (D) a photobase generator.
- the polyamic acid solution contains (C) a compound represented by the general formula (4). It is more preferable.
- Such a (D) photobase generator is used as a so-called photosensitizer and generates a base upon exposure.
- Examples of such a photobase generator include those conventionally known.
- Such a negative photosensitive composition may contain other components similar to those of the positive photosensitive composition as required.
- suitable content ratios of the respective components in such a negative photosensitive composition are as follows.
- the content of the polyamic acid solution is such that the resin content in (A) is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total solid content of the negative photosensitive composition, and is 60 to 90% by mass. More preferably.
- the content of the photobase generator is preferably from 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, preferably from 0.5 to 30 parts per 100 parts by mass of the resin content in the polyamic acid solution, from the viewpoint of sensitivity and the like. Part by mass is more preferable.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (4) is preferably 0.5 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component in (A) the polyamic acid solution, and 1 to 40 parts by mass. Part is more preferred.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component in (A) the polyamic acid solution. More preferably, it is 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the solid content concentration of such a negative photosensitive composition is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- a photosensitive composition of the present invention depending on the type of photosensitive agent used (type of photosensitive composition), a well-known exposure method or a well-known developing method is appropriately adopted to form a pattern. can do.
- the manufacturing method of the pattern using such a photosensitive composition of this invention is demonstrated easily below.
- a method for producing such a pattern includes a photosensitive composition film forming step in which the photosensitive composition of the present invention is applied onto a substrate and dried to form a photosensitive composition film. An exposure step of exposing the photosensitive composition film; A development step of developing the exposed photosensitive resin film to obtain a pattern; It is preferable that the method includes: In addition, in the manufacturing method of such a pattern, when the photosensitive composition of the said this invention is a positive type, it is preferable to have the heat processing process for hardening the said pattern further. In the method for producing a pattern, when the photosensitive composition of the present invention is of a negative type, heat treatment may be performed simultaneously with exposure or before the development process after exposure.
- Such a photosensitive composition film forming step is not particularly limited, and a method similar to the third step (step of obtaining a film made of polyimide) of the polyimide film production method of the present invention can be employed. .
- examples of radiation used for exposure include ultraviolet rays, electron beams, and laser beams emitted from low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, g-line steppers, i-line steppers, and the like. What is necessary is just to set an exposure amount suitably with the light source to be used, the film thickness of a coating film, etc.
- examples of the developing method in the developing step include a shower developing method, a spray developing method, an immersion developing method, and a paddle developing method.
- the developer an alkali developer is preferable, and an aqueous solution containing one or more alkali compounds selected from inorganic alkali compounds and organic alkali compounds can be used.
- the concentration of the alkali compound in the developer is, for example, about 1 to 10% by mass.
- aromatic diamines As such aromatic diamines, commercially available products (DABAN: manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., 4,4′-DDE: manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., PPD: manufactured by Aldrich Co., Ltd., TFMB: Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Company-made, HFBAPP: Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used.
- DABAN manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- 4,4′-DDE manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- PPD manufactured by Aldrich Co., Ltd.
- TFMB Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- HFBAPP Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Identification of the molecular structure of the polyimide obtained in each example and each comparative example was performed by infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement).
- IR measurement an IR measuring instrument (trade name “FT / IR-4100” manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used as a measuring apparatus.
- the viscosity (unit: cps) of the polyamic acid solutions obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 was measured as follows. That is, first, as an apparatus for measuring viscosity, a RE-85L viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., having a 1 ° 34 ′ ⁇ R24 standard cone rotor as a cone rotor was prepared.
- the viscosity measuring device under the temperature condition of 25 ° C. ( The viscometer was calibrated.
- the viscosity measuring apparatus viscosimeter
- the polyamide rotor is subjected to a temperature condition of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of the cone rotor in a range of 0.5 to 100 rpm.
- the viscosity of the acid solution was measured.
- the method for measuring the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was a method based on JIS Z8803 (issued in 2011).
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution formed in Comparative Example 1 was measured as follows. That is, since the polyamic acid solution formed in Comparative Example 1 was higher in viscosity than the polyamic acid solutions obtained in other examples and the like, a viscosity measuring method suitable for the viscosity of the high-viscosity solution was used. In order to adopt, an optional cone rotor of 3 ° ⁇ R7.7 is used instead of the standard cone rotor, and the standard solution JS20 (JIS Z8809 for viscosity meter calibration manufactured by Nippon Grease Co., Ltd.) is used for calibration before the measurement.
- JIS Z8809 for viscosity meter calibration manufactured by Nippon Grease Co., Ltd.
- Td 5% 5% weight loss temperature
- the 5% weight loss temperature of the polyimides obtained in each Example and each Comparative Example was prepared by preparing a 5 mg sample and placing it in an aluminum sample pan.
- a thermogravimetric analyzer (SII Nanotechnology) was used as a measuring device.
- TG / DTA220 a scanning temperature was set from 30 ° C. to 550 ° C. under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and heating was performed at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min. It was determined by measuring the temperature at which the weight of the sample decreased by 5%.
- the linear expansion coefficient (unit: ppm / K) of the polyimide obtained in each example and each comparative example is prepared by using a polyimide film having a size of 20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 13 ⁇ m in thickness as a measurement sample, and heat as a measurement device.
- a mechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8310”, manufactured by Rigaku)
- TMA8310 a tension mode (49 mN) under a nitrogen atmosphere and a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min
- the change in length of the sample was measured, and the average value of the change in length per 1 ° C. in the temperature range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. was measured.
- the total light transmittance and haze were measured with a trade name “Haze Meter NDH-5000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., and the yellowness was measured with a trade name “Spectral Color Meter SD6000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. It was measured. Further, the total light transmittance is obtained by performing a measurement in accordance with JIS K7361-1 (issued in 1997), and the haze (turbidity) is obtained by performing a measurement in accordance with JIS K7136 (issued in 2000). The chromaticity (YI) was determined by performing measurement according to ASTM E313-05 (issued in 2005).
- the softening temperature of the polyimide produced in each example and each comparative example was measured as follows. That is, a film made of polyimide having a size of 5 mm in length, 5 mm in width and 13 ⁇ m in thickness was prepared as a measurement sample, and a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku) was used as a measurement device in a nitrogen atmosphere. Measured by inserting a transparent quartz pin (tip diameter: 0.5 mm) into the film under conditions of a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min and a temperature range of 30 ° C. to 550 ° C. (so-called penetration method) By measurement). In such measurement, the softening temperature was calculated based on the measurement data in accordance with the method described in JIS K 7196 (1991) except that the measurement sample was used.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyimide produced in each example and each comparative example was measured at the same time under the same conditions as the softening point measurement as follows (if the glass transition temperature is lower than the softening point, glass is used). Because the transition temperature is observed). That is, a film made of polyimide having a size of 5 mm in length, 5 mm in width and 13 ⁇ m in thickness was prepared as a measurement sample, and a thermomechanical analyzer (trade name “TMA8311” manufactured by Rigaku) was used as a measurement device in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (norbornane-2-spiro- ⁇ -cyclopentanone- ⁇ ′-spiro-2 ′′ -norbornane-5,5 ′′, 6,6 ′′ -tetracarboxylic acid Anhydride: CpODA) was prepared.
- a compound represented by the formula (imidazole compound) was synthesized as follows. That is, first, the following general formula (14):
- Example 1 Step of obtaining a polyamic acid solution> First, a 30 ml three-necked flask was heated with a heat gun and sufficiently dried. Next, the atmosphere gas in the three-necked flask that was sufficiently dried was replaced with nitrogen, and the inside of the three-necked flask was changed to a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, after introducing 0.2045 g (0.90 mmol: Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: DABAN), which is an aromatic diamine, 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide into the three-necked flask, tetramethylurea was further added as a solvent. By adding 5.24 g and stirring, a solution in which the aromatic diamine (DABAN) was dissolved in the solvent was obtained.
- DABAN aromatic diamine
- the obtained raw material mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to react the aromatic diamine (DABAN) with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA), A polyamic acid was formed to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the obtained polyamic acid solution was 9.5% by mass, as is apparent from the amount of raw material charged.
- the viscosity [cps (centipoise)] of the polyamic acid solution (polyamic acid concentration: 9.5% by mass) thus obtained was 15 cps.
- the properties (viscosity) and the like of such a polyamic acid solution are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Third step Step of obtaining a film made of polyimide>
- the polyimide-forming mixture coating solution
- the polyamic acid solution polyamic acid concentration: 9.5% by mass
- the polyimide-forming mixed solution was made into a glass substrate made of alkali-free glass (trade name “Eagle XG” manufactured by Corning, length: 100 mm, width 100 mm, thickness 0 .7 mm) was spin-coated so that the thickness of the heat-cured film was 13 ⁇ m, and a coating film was formed on the glass substrate.
- the glass substrate on which the coating film was formed was placed on a hot plate at 60 ° C. and allowed to stand for 2 hours, thereby evaporating and removing the solvent from the coating film (solvent removal treatment).
- the glass substrate on which the coating film after the solvent removal treatment is formed is put into an inert oven in which nitrogen flows at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and a temperature condition of 25 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere in the inert oven. For 0.5 hour, and then heated at 135 ° C. for 0.5 hour, and further heated at 250 ° C. for 1 hour to imidize the polyamic acid to form the coating film. Curing was performed to form a polyimide film on the glass substrate.
- the polyimide film was peeled from the glass substrate by immersing the glass substrate in which the film which consists of this polyimide was formed in 90 degreeC hot water, and the polyimide film was obtained.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a graph of an IR spectrum obtained at the time of infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identification of such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- Example 2 In the first step (step of obtaining a polyamic acid solution), the stirring time of the raw material mixture when reacting the aromatic diamine (DABAN) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) is 4 to 5 hours.
- a polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was 17 cps.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1. Using the film thus obtained, the molecular structure of the compound forming the film was identified, and as a result of IR measurement, C ⁇ O stretching vibration of imide carbonyl was observed at 1698 cm ⁇ 1. The film was confirmed to be a film made of polyimide.
- Example 3 In the first step (step of obtaining a polyamic acid solution), the amount of tetramethylurea as a solvent is changed from 5.24 g to 4.03 g, and the aromatic diamine (DABAN) and the tetracarboxylic acid dicarboxylic acid are added. The stirring time of the raw material mixture when reacting with anhydride (CpODA) was changed from 4 hours to 10 hours, and in the second step, the imidazole compound obtained in Synthesis Example 2 (above) was added to the polyamic acid solution.
- DABAN aromatic diamine
- CpODA tetracarboxylic acid dicarboxylic acid
- the imidazole compound obtained in Synthesis Example 2 with respect to 1.22 g of tetramethylurea 0.165 g of the imidazole compound represented by the formula (1) was dissolved at a temperature of 60 ° C., and the solution of the imidazole compound was returned to room temperature (25 ° C.). Liquid advance prepared in advance, except that such a solution was added to the polyamic acid solution to obtain a polyimide film in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the total content ratio of the aromatic diamine (DABAN) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) in the obtained raw material mixture is 12% by mass, and the polyamic acid
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the solution was 12% by mass as apparent from the amount of raw material charged.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was 46 cps.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1. Using the film thus obtained, the molecular structure of the compound forming the film was identified, and as a result of IR measurement, C ⁇ O stretching vibration of imide carbonyl was observed at 1698 cm ⁇ 1. The film was confirmed to be a film made of polyimide.
- FIG. 2 shows a graph of an IR spectrum obtained during infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identifying such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- Example 5 In the first step (step of obtaining a polyamic acid solution), instead of using 0.2045 g (0.90 mmol: Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: DABAN) alone as an aromatic diamine, 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide, As aromatic diamine, 0.1636 g (0.72 mmol: manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd .: DABAN) and 0.0361 g (0.18 mmol: manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: 4) as 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide.
- 0.2045 g (0.90 mmol: Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: DABAN
- aromatic diamine 0.1636 g (0.72 mmol: manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd .: DABAN
- 0.0361 g 0.18 mmol: manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: 4′-diaminobenzanilide.
- the total content ratio of the aromatic diamine (a mixture of DABAN and 4,4′-DDE) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) in the obtained raw material mixture is 9
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution was 9.5% by mass, as is clear from the amount of raw material charged.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was 35 cps.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular structure of the compound which forms a film was identified using the film obtained in this way.
- FIG. 3 shows a graph of an IR spectrum obtained during infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identifying such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- a polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the time was changed from 4 hours to 10 hours.
- the total content ratio of the aromatic diamine (a mixture of DABAN and TFMB) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) in the obtained raw material mixture is 9.5% by mass.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution was 9.5% by mass as apparent from the amount of raw material charged.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was 29 cps.
- Table 1 The evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a graph of the IR spectrum obtained in the infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identifying such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- the total content ratio of the aromatic diamine (a mixture of DABAN and TFMB) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) in the obtained raw material mixture is 9.5% by mass.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution was 9.5% by mass as apparent from the amount of raw material charged.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution was 28 cps.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular structure of the compound which forms a film was identified using the film obtained in this way.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph of the IR spectrum obtained in the infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identifying such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- Example 8 In the second step (step of obtaining a polyimide forming mixed solution), an imidazole compound (imidazole compound represented by the general formula (13)) is dissolved in a polyamic acid solution, and then a silane coupling agent (3 -Aminopropyltriethoxysilane: A polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.0055 g of a trade name “KBE-903” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was added.
- the silane coupling agent is an additive (adhesion improver) for improving the adhesion between the glass and the polyimide film.
- the viscosity of the obtained polyamic acid solution was 15 cps.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular structure of the compound which forms a film was identified using the film obtained in this way.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph of an IR spectrum obtained during infrared absorption spectrum measurement (IR measurement) for identifying such a molecular structure.
- IR measurement infrared absorption spectrum measurement
- the obtained mixed liquid for polyimide formation was heated on the surface of a glass substrate made of alkali-free glass (trade name “Eagle XG” manufactured by Corning, length: 100 mm, width 100 mm, thickness 0.7 mm).
- Spin coating was performed so that the thickness of the cured film was 13 ⁇ m, and a coating film was formed on the glass substrate.
- the glass substrate on which the coating film was formed was placed on a hot plate at 60 ° C. and allowed to stand for 2 hours, thereby evaporating and removing the solvent from the coating film (solvent removal treatment).
- the glass substrate on which the coating film after the solvent removal treatment is formed is put into an inert oven in which nitrogen flows at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and a temperature condition of 25 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere in the inert oven.
- an inert oven in which nitrogen flows at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and a temperature condition of 25 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere in the inert oven.
- Curing was performed to form a polyimide film on the glass substrate.
- the polyimide film was peeled from the glass substrate by immersing the glass substrate in which the film which consists of this polyimide was formed in 90 degreeC hot water, and the polyimide film was obtained.
- the evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular structure of the compound forming the film was identified, and as a result of IR measurement, C ⁇ O stretching vibration of imide carbonyl was observed at 1698 cm ⁇ 1.
- the film was confirmed to be a film made of polyimide.
- Comparative Example 2 A polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the amount of tetramethylurea as a solvent was changed from 2.88 g to 5.24 g.
- the total content ratio of the aromatic diamine (DABAN) and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) in the obtained raw material mixture is 9.5% by mass, and polyimide formation
- the total content of the polyamic acid and the imidazole compound in the mixed solution (coating solution) for use was 12% by mass.
- the viscosity of such a mixed liquid for polyimide formation was 258 cps.
- Table 1 The evaluation results of the properties of the polyimide film thus obtained are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular structure of the compound forming the film was identified, and as a result of IR measurement, C ⁇ O stretching vibration of imide carbonyl was observed at 1698 cm ⁇ 1.
- the film was confirmed to be a film made of polyimide.
- the obtained raw material mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 10 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to react the aromatic diamine (DABAN) with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA), A polyamic acid was formed to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- concentration of the polyamic acid in the obtained polyamic acid solution was 12% by mass as apparent from the amount of raw materials charged.
- the viscosity [cps (centipoise)] of the polyamic acid solution (polyamic acid concentration: 12% by mass) thus obtained was 46 cps.
- the properties (viscosity) of such a polyamic acid solution are shown in Table 1.
- Such a polyamic acid solution (polyamic acid concentration: 12% by mass) is used as it is, and the polyamic acid solution is used as a glass substrate made of alkali-free glass (trade name “Eagle XG” manufactured by Corning, length: 100 mm, width 100 mm, thickness 0.7 mm) was spin-coated so that the thickness of the heat-cured film was 13 ⁇ m, and a coating film was formed on the glass substrate. Thereafter, the glass substrate on which the coating film was formed was placed on a hot plate at 60 ° C. and allowed to stand for 2 hours, thereby evaporating and removing the solvent from the coating film (solvent removal treatment).
- solvent removal treatment solvent removal treatment
- the glass substrate on which the coating film after the solvent removal treatment is formed is put into an inert oven in which nitrogen flows at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and a temperature condition of 25 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere in the inert oven. For 0.5 hour, and then heated at 135 ° C. for 0.5 hour, and further heated at 250 ° C. for 1 hour to imidize the polyamic acid to form the coating film. The film was cured and a film made of polyimide was formed on the glass substrate, but the film was cracked.
- the surface roughness (arithmetic average roughness) of the obtained polyimide film was obtained in all cases (Examples 1 to 8) when the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention was used.
- Ra was 2.0 nm or less, and it was found that the surface of the resulting polyimide film had a very high level of smoothness.
- the 5% weight reduction temperature (Td 5%) of the obtained polyimide film is 350 ° C. or more. While confirming that it has sufficient heat resistance, the total light transmittance was 80% or more, and it was confirmed that it had sufficient transparency. From these results, it was found that the polyimide films of the present invention (Examples 1 to 8) are particularly useful for various applications where surface smoothness is required.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the imidazole compound obtained in Synthesis Example 2 (imidazole compound represented by the above general formula (13)) was added to the raw material mixture for preparing the polyamic acid.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid stage where the polyamic acid was formed
- the surface smoothness can be obtained by adding the imidazole compound represented by the general formula (13) in the stage after the formation of the polyamic acid. It has been found that a higher polyimide film can be produced.
- the obtained polyimide film is cracked, and even if a sufficiently low-viscosity polyamic acid solution is obtained, it is represented by the general formula (13). It was found that it was difficult to form a film having sufficient mechanical strength when the imidazole compound was not added, that is, it was difficult to form a film.
- Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are compared, since the presence or absence of the use of the imidazole compound represented by the general formula (13) is different, the imidazole compound represented by the general formula (13) is It was found that a sufficiently uniform polyimide film (a film having a sufficient mechanical strength without cracks) can be efficiently produced from a low-viscosity polyamic acid solution by using it.
- Example 9 to 12 Preparation of photosensitive composition
- Each component shown in Table 2 (each component represented by an abbreviation such as PAA-1 in the table) was dissolved in tetramethylurea to prepare a photosensitive composition having a polyamic acid concentration of 10% by mass.
- the numbers in parentheses are parts by mass.
- the abbreviations shown in Table 2 indicate the following components, respectively.
- PAA-1 Polyamic acid obtained in the same manner as in the first step of Example 1 (solid content)
- PAA-2 Polyamic acid obtained in the same manner as in the first step of Example 5 (solid content)
- I-1 Compound represented by the general formula (13)
- PAC-1 Compound represented by the following formula (P-1) However, in the formula, Q contains a substituent represented by the following formula (Q-1) and a hydrogen atom in a ratio of 9: 1 (molar ratio).
- PAC-2 a compound represented by the above formula (P-1). However, in the formula, Q contains a substituent represented by the following formula (Q-2) and a hydrogen atom in a ratio of 9: 1 (molar ratio).
- each composition film respectively, through a mask exposure in an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (EXM-1066-E01: Oak Co., in a range of energy dose 100 ⁇ 1000mJ / cm 2 100mJ / cm every 2 meter 10
- the pattern was formed by using 2.38 mass% TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) and developing until the exposed portions were dissolved.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- each film after pattern formation was heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, and further heated at 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- a cured pattern film having a thickness of about 13 ⁇ m was obtained from each photosensitive composition described in Table 2.
- a polyimide film manufacturing method capable of efficiently manufacturing a film having a higher level of surface smoothness, and a polyimide obtained by using the manufacturing method It becomes possible to provide a polyamic acid solution that can be suitably used for producing the film, the polyimide film, and a photosensitive composition containing the polyamic acid solution. Moreover, according to the photosensitive composition of this invention, it is also possible to manufacture a pattern cured film efficiently.
- the method for producing a polyimide film of the present invention can be used for applications that require high surface smoothness (for example, organic EL element substrates, flexible organic EL element substrates, organic EL element TFT substrates, organic EL element elements).
- the color filter substrate, the touch panel substrate of the organic EL element, the substrate for high-definition display for medical use, etc.) are particularly useful as a method for producing a polyimide film.
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Abstract
Description
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(2):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを含有し、且つ、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとの合計の含有量が15質量%以下である原料混合液を準備し、該原料混合液中において前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて下記一般式(3):
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を形成することにより、粘度が5~150cpsであるポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程と、
前記ポリアミド酸溶液に、下記一般式(4):
で表される化合物を添加してポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程と、
前記ポリイミド形成用混合液からなる膜を形成し、該膜中の前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより、下記一般式(5):
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドからなるフィルム(ポリイミドフィルム)を得る工程と、
を含む方法である。
上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸と、
上記一般式(4)で表される化合物と、
を含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsであるものである。
本発明のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法は、溶媒と、上記一般式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、上記一般式(2)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを含有し、且つ、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとの合計の含有量が15質量%以下である原料混合液を準備し、該原料混合液中において前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を形成することにより、粘度が5~150cpsであるポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程と、
前記ポリアミド酸溶液に、上記一般式(4)で表される化合物を添加してポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程と、
前記ポリイミド形成用混合液からなる膜を形成し、該膜中の前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより、上記一般式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドからなるフィルム(ポリイミドフィルム)を得る工程と、
を含む方法である。以下、上記本発明のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法の各工程を分けて説明する。なお、以下において、便宜上、上記ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程を、場合により単に「第一工程」と称し、上記ポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程を、場合により単に「第二工程」と称し、ポリイミドからなるフィルムを得る工程を、場合により単に「第三工程」と称する。
本発明にかかるポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程は、溶媒と、前記一般式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、前記一般式(2)で表される芳香族ジアミンとを含有し、且つ、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとの合計の含有量が15質量%以下である原料混合液を準備し、該原料混合液中において前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて前記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を形成することにより、粘度が5~150cpsであるポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程(第一工程)である。
で表される基からなる群から選択される1種を示す。]
で表される基のうちの少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
で表される化合物(シリコーン系の芳香族ジアミン)等が挙げられる。このようなシリコーン系の芳香族ジアミン化合物としては、例えば、両末端アミノ変性シロキサンなどを好適に使用可能である。そのような両末端アミノ変性シロキサンの具体例としては、信越化学工業株式会社製アミノ変性シリコーンオイル(例えば、PAM-E、KF-8010、X-22-161A、X-22-161B、KF-8012、KF-8008、X-22-1660B-3、X-22-9409等)、Gelest社製ジメチルシロキサン型ジアミン(例えば、DMS-A11、DMS-A12、DMS-A15、DMS-A21、DMS-A31、DMS-A32、DMS-A32R、DMS-A35等)等を挙げることができる。
本発明にかかるポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程は、前記ポリアミド酸溶液に、上記一般式(4)で表される化合物を添加してポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程(第二工程)である。なお、以下において、便宜上、上記一般式(4)で表される化合物を場合により単に「イミダゾール系化合物」と称する。
で表される化合物が好ましく、上記一般式(4-1)で表され、且つ、式中のR13がメチレン基である化合物がより好ましい。
で表される化合物が好ましい。
また、上記一般式(4)で表される化合物(イミダゾール系化合物)が、上記一般式(4)で表され、且つ、式中のR13がメチレン基である化合物である場合、すなわち、前記イミダゾール系化合物が下記一般式(4-2):
で表される化合物である場合、以下に説明するMichael付加反応による方法によっても、イミダゾール系化合物を合成することができる。
で表される3-置換アクリル酸誘導体と、上記一般式(II)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物とを溶媒中で混合してMichael付加反応を生じさせることによって、上記一般式(4-2)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物が得られる。
この場合、上記一般式(IV)で表される3-置換アクリル酸誘導体の加水分解により、上記一般式(II)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物と、下記一般式(V):
で表される3-置換アクリル酸とが生成する。そして、上記一般式(V)で表される3-置換アクリル酸と、上記一般式(II)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物との間でMichael付加反応が生じ、上記一般式(4-3)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物が生成される。
本発明にかかるポリイミドからなるフィルムを得る工程は、前記ポリイミド形成用混合液からなる膜を形成し、該膜中の前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより、上記一般式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドからなるフィルムを得る工程(第三工程)である。
本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、上記本発明のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法により得られるものである。
ポリアミド酸溶液は、溶媒と、上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸とを含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsであるものである。
感光性組成物は、上述のポリアミド酸溶液(溶媒と、上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸とを含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsであるもの)と、感光剤とを含むものである。
このようなポジ型の感光性組成物の好適な一例としては、(A)前記ポリアミド酸溶液(溶媒と、上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸とを含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsであるもの)と、(B)光酸発生剤とを含むものが挙げられ、この場合、前記ポリアミド酸溶液が、(C)前記一般式(4)で表される化合物を含んでいるものであることがより好ましい。このようなポジ型の感光性組成物における(A)前記ポリアミド酸溶液や(C)前記一般式(4)で表される化合物は、上記において既に説明したものと同様である。
前記ネガ型の感光性組成物の好適な一例としては、(A)前記ポリアミド酸溶液(溶媒と、上記一般式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸とを含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsであるもの)と、(D)光塩基発生剤とを含むものが挙げられ、この場合、前記ポリアミド酸溶液が(C)前記一般式(4)で表される化合物を含むものであることがより好ましい。
このようなパターンの製造方法は、上記本発明の感光性組成物を基板上に塗布し乾燥して感光性組成物膜を形成する感光性組成物膜形成工程と、
前記感光性組成物膜を露光する露光工程と、
前記露光後の感光性樹脂膜を現像してパターンを得る現像工程と、
を含む方法であることが好ましい。なお、このようなパターンの製造方法において、上記本発明の感光性組成物がポジ型のものである場合には、さらに前記パターンを硬化するための加熱処理工程を有することが好ましい。また、前記パターンの製造方法において、上記本発明の感光性組成物がネガ型のものである場合には、露光と同時、又は露光後現像工程前に加熱処理をしてもよい。
各実施例や各比較例で得られたポリイミドの分子構造の同定は、赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)により行った。なお、IR測定には、測定装置として、IR測定機(日本分光株式会社製の商品名「FT/IR-4100」)を用いた。
実施例1~5及び比較例2~3で得られたポリアミド酸溶液の粘度(単位:cps)は、以下のようにして測定した。すなわち、先ず、粘度の測定装置として、東機産業株式会社製のRE-85L形粘度計にコーンロータとして1°34’×R24の標準コーンロータを設置したものを準備した。次いで、日本グリース株式会社製の粘度計校正用標準液JS20(JIS Z8809(2011年発行)に準拠した粘度計校正用標準液)を用いて、25℃の温度条件下において前記粘度の測定装置(前記粘度計)の校正を行った。次に、前記校正後の粘度の測定装置(粘度計)を利用して、25℃の温度条件下において、前記コーンロータの回転速度を0.5~100rpmの範囲とする条件下において、前記ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定した。このように、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度の測定方法は、JIS Z8803(2011年発行)に準拠した方法とした。
各実施例及び各比較例で得られたポリイミドフィルムの表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra:単位nm)は、以下に記載の測定方法により測定した。すなわち、このような算術平均粗さ(Ra:単位nm)の測定方法としては、測定装置として株式会社小坂研究所製の高精度微細形状測定機「商品名:SUREFCORDER ET 4000A」を用い、JIS B0601(1994年発行)に準拠して、測定幅:500μm、Xピッチ:0.30μm、Yピッチ:2μm、Z測定倍率:50000、X送り速さ:0.2mm/sの条件で十点の算術平均粗さ(Ra:単位nm)を求める方法を採用した。なお、算術平均粗さの測定面は、ポリイミドフィルムの製造時にガラス基板の表面に接していない側のフィルムの表面とした。なお、算術平均粗さは、表1中、表面粗さとして記載する。
各実施例や各比較例で得られたポリイミドの5%重量減少温度は、それぞれ5mgの試料を準備し、これをアルミ製サンプルパンに入れ、測定装置として熱重量分析装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製の商品名「TG/DTA220」)を使用して、窒素ガス雰囲気下、走査温度を30℃から550℃に設定し、昇温速度10℃/分の条件で加熱して、用いた試料の重量が5%減少する温度を測定することにより求めた。
各実施例や各比較例で得られたポリイミドの線膨張係数(単位:ppm/K)は、縦20mm、横5mm、厚み13μmの大きさのポリイミドフィルムを測定試料として準備し、測定装置として熱機械的分析装置(リガク製の商品名「TMA8310」)を利用して、窒素雰囲気下、引張りモード(49mN)、昇温速度5℃/分の条件を採用して、50℃~200℃における前記試料の長さの変化を測定して、50℃~200℃の温度範囲における1℃あたりの長さの変化の平均値を求めることにより測定した。
全光線透過率の値(単位:%)、ヘイズ(濁度:HAZE)及び黄色度(YI)は、各実施例及び各比較例で製造したポリイミド(フィルム形状のポリイミド)をそのまま測定用の試料として用い、測定装置として日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「ヘーズメーターNDH-5000」又は日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「分光色彩計SD6000」を用いて、それぞれ測定を行うことにより求めた。なお、日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「ヘーズメーターNDH-5000」で全光線透過率とヘイズを測定し、日本電色工業株式会社製の商品名「分光色彩計SD6000」で黄色度を測定した。また、全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1(1997年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、ヘイズ(濁度)は、JIS K7136(2000年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求め、色度(YI)はASTM E313-05(2005年発行)に準拠した測定を行うことにより求めた。
各実施例及び各比較例で製造したポリイミドの軟化温度は以下のようにして測定した。すなわち、測定試料として縦5mm、横5mm、厚み13μmの大きさのポリイミドからなるフィルムを準備し、測定装置として熱機械的分析装置(リガク製の商品名「TMA8311」)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度5℃/分、30℃~550℃の温度範囲の条件でフィルムに透明石英製ピン(先端の直径φ0.5mm)を針入れすることにより測定した(いわゆるペネトレーション(針入れ)法による測定)。このような測定に際しては、上記測定試料を利用する以外は、JIS K 7196(1991年)に記載の方法に準拠して、測定データに基づいて軟化温度を計算した。
各実施例及び各比較例で製造したポリイミドのガラス転移温度(Tg)は以下のようにして、軟化点測定と同じ条件で同時に測定した(ガラス転移温度が軟化点よりも低温にある場合はガラス転移温度が観測されるため)。すなわち、測定試料として縦5mm、横5mm、厚み13μmの大きさのポリイミドからなるフィルムを準備し、測定装置として熱機械的分析装置(リガク製の商品名「TMA8311」)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度5℃/分、30℃~550℃の温度範囲の条件でフィルムに透明石英製ピン(先端の直径φ0.5mm)を針入れすることにより測定した(いわゆるペネトレーション(針入れ)法による測定)。なお、表1においては、軟化温度までガラス転移温度が測定されなかったものについては結果を非検出(N.D.)と示す。
国際公開第2011/099518号の合成例1、実施例1及び実施例2に記載された方法に準拠して、下記一般式(12):
下記一般式(13):
1H-NMR(DMSO):11.724(s,1H),7.838(s,1H),7.340(d,2H,J=4.3Hz),7.321(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),6.893(d,2H,J=4.3Hz),6.876(d,1H,J=6.1Hz),5.695(dd,1H,J=4.3Hz,3.2Hz),3.720(s,3H),3.250(m,2H)
このような1H-NMR測定の結果から、合成例2で得られたイミダゾール系化合物は、確かに上記一般式(13)で表される構造を有するものであることが分かった。
〈第一工程:ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程〉
先ず、30mlの三口フラスコをヒートガンで加熱して十分に乾燥させた。次に、十分に乾燥させた前記三口フラスコ内の雰囲気ガスを窒素で置換して、前記三口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とした。次いで、前記三口フラスコ内に芳香族ジアミンである4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を導入した後、更に、溶媒としてテトラメチルウレアを5.24g添加して撹拌することにより、前記溶媒中に前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)を溶解させた溶解液を得た。
上記第一工程で得られた、粘度が15cpsのポリアミド酸溶液(ポリアミド酸の濃度:9.5質量%)に対して、合成例2で得られたイミダゾール系化合物(上記一般式(13)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物)の粉末を0.165g添加し、強撹拌させることで溶解させて、前記溶媒と前記ポリアミド酸と前記イミダゾール系化合物とを含むポリイミド形成用混合液(塗工液)を調製した。なお、このようにして得られたポリイミド形成用混合液においては、前記ポリアミド酸と前記イミダゾール系化合物(上記一般式(13)で表される化合物)との合計の含有量が12質量%であった。なお、ポリイミド形成用混合液(塗工液)の粘度を表1に示す。
上記第二工程において、前記ポリアミド酸溶液(ポリアミド酸の濃度:9.5質量%)に前記イミダゾール系化合物を溶解させてポリイミド形成用混合液(塗工液)を調製した後から120分以内に(前記イミダゾール系化合物の溶解後60分以内に)、前記ポリイミド形成用混合液を、無アルカリガラスからなるガラス基板(コーニング社製の商品名「イーグルXG」、縦:100mm、横100mm、厚み0.7mm)の表面上に、加熱硬化後の膜の厚みが13μmとなるようにスピンコートし、前記ガラス基板上に塗膜を形成した。その後、前記塗膜の形成されたガラス基板を60℃のホットプレート上に載せて2時間静置することにより、前記塗膜から溶媒を蒸発させて除去した(溶媒除去処理)。次いで、前記溶媒除去処理後の前記塗膜の形成されたガラス基板を、3L/分の流量で窒素が流れているイナートオーブンに投入し、イナートオーブン内で、窒素雰囲気下、25℃の温度条件で0.5時間静置した後、135℃の温度条件で0.5時間加熱し、更に250℃の温度条件で1時間加熱して、前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより、前記塗膜を硬化せしめ、前記ガラス基板上にポリイミドからなるフィルムを形成した。その後、かかるポリイミドからなるフィルムが形成されたガラス基板を90℃のお湯に浸漬することにより、ガラス基板からポリイミドフィルムを剥離して、ポリイミドフィルムを得た。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から5時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は17cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行ったところ、IR測定においてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を5.24gから4.03gに変更し、且つ、前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から10時間に変更し、更に、第二工程において、ポリアミド酸溶液に合成例2で得られたイミダゾール系化合物(上記一般式(13)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物)の粉末を0.165g添加する代わりに、テトラメチルウレア1.22gに対して合成例2で得られたイミダゾール系化合物(上記一般式(13)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物)の粉末0.165gを60℃の温度条件で溶解し、室温(25℃)に戻したイミダゾール系化合物の溶解液を予め準備しておき、かかる溶解液を前記ポリアミド酸溶液に添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は12質量%であり、また、ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリアミド酸の濃度は、原料の仕込み量からも明らかなように12質量%であった。また、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は46cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行ったところ、IR測定においてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を単独で用いる代わりに、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.1636g(0.72mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)とp-フェニレンジアミン0.0195g(0.18mmol:アルドリッチ社製:PPD)との混合物(モル比[DABAN]:[PPD]=8:2)を用い、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を5.24gから5.04gに変更し、且つ、前記芳香族ジアミンと前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から10時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN及びPPDの混合物)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は9.5質量%であり、また、ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリアミド酸の濃度は、原料の仕込み量からも明らかなように9.5質量%であった。さらに、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は24cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行った。このような分子構造の同定のための赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)の際に得られたIRスペクトルのグラフを図2に示す。図2に示す結果からも明らかなように、実施例4においては、IRスペクトルのグラフにおいてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を単独で用いる代わりに、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.1636g(0.72mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)と4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル0.0361g(0.18mmol:東京化成製:4,4’-DDE)との混合物(モル比[DABAN]:[4,4’-DDE]=8:2)を用い、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を5.24gから5.20gに変更し、且つ、前記芳香族ジアミンと前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から10時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN及び4,4’-DDEの混合物)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は9.5質量%であり、ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリアミド酸の濃度は、原料の仕込み量からも明らかなように9.5質量%であった。また、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は35cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行った。このような分子構造の同定のための赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)の際に得られたIRスペクトルのグラフを図3に示す。図3に示す結果からも明らかなように、実施例5においては、IRスペクトルのグラフにおいてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を単独で用いる代わりに、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.1636g(0.72mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)と2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン0.0576g(0.18mmol:和歌山精化工業株式会社製:TFMB)との混合物(モル比[DABAN]:[TFMB]=8:2)を用い、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を5.24gから5.40gに変更し、且つ、前記芳香族ジアミンと前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から10時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN及びTFMBの混合物)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は9.5質量%であり、ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリアミド酸の濃度は、原料の仕込み量からも明らかなように9.5質量%であった。また、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は29cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行った。このような分子構造の同定のための赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)の際に得られたIRスペクトルのグラフを図4に示す。図4に示す結果からも明らかなように、実施例6においては、IRスペクトルのグラフにおいてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1700cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第一工程(ポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程)において、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を単独で用いる代わりに、芳香族ジアミンとして4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.1636g(0.72mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)と2,2’-ビス{4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル}ヘキサフルオロプロパン0.0933g(0.18mmol:和歌山精化工業株式会社製:HFBAPP)との混合物(モル比[DABAN]:[HFBAPP]=8:2)を用い、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を5.24gから5.74gに変更し、且つ、前記芳香族ジアミンと前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応せしめる際の原料混合液の撹拌時間を4時間から10時間に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN及びTFMBの混合物)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は9.5質量%であり、ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリアミド酸の濃度は、原料の仕込み量からも明らかなように9.5質量%であった。また、ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は28cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行った。このような分子構造の同定のための赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)の際に得られたIRスペクトルのグラフを図5に示す。図5に示す結果からも明らかなように、実施例7においては、IRスペクトルのグラフにおいてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1699cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
前記第二工程(ポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程)において、イミダゾール系化合物(上記一般式(13)で表されるイミダゾール系化合物)をポリアミド酸溶液に溶解させた後に、シランカップリング剤(3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン:信越化学工業株式会社製の商品名「KBE-903」)を0.0055g添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、前記シランカップリング剤は、ガラスとポリイミドフィルムの密着性を向上させるための添加剤(密着性向上剤)である。また、かかる方法においては、得られたポリアミド酸溶液の粘度は15cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行った。このような分子構造の同定のための赤外吸収スペクトル測定(IR測定)の際に得られたIRスペクトルのグラフを図6に示す。図6に示す結果からも明らかなように、実施例8においては、IRスペクトルのグラフにおいてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
先ず、30mlの三口フラスコをヒートガンで加熱して十分に乾燥させた。次に、十分に乾燥させた前記三口フラスコ内の雰囲気ガスを窒素で置換して、前記三口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とした。次いで、前記三口フラスコ内に芳香族ジアミンである4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を導入した後、更に、溶媒としてテトラメチルウレアを2.88g添加して撹拌することにより、前記溶媒中に前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)を溶解させた溶解液を得た。
溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアの添加量を2.88gから5.24gに変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にしてポリイミドフィルムを得た。なお、かかる方法においては、得られた原料混合液中の前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)と前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物(CpODA)との合計の含有比率は9.5質量%であり、ポリイミド形成用の混合液(塗工液)中のポリアミド酸とイミダゾール系化合物との合計の含有量は12質量%であった。また、このようなポリイミド形成用の混合液の粘度は258cpsであった。このようにして得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、このようにして得られたフィルムを用いて、フィルムを形成する化合物の分子構造の同定を行ったところ、IR測定においてイミドカルボニルのC=O伸縮振動が1698cm-1に観察されたことから、該フィルムは確かにポリイミドからなるフィルムであることが確認された。
先ず、30mlの三口フラスコをヒートガンで加熱して十分に乾燥させた。次に、十分に乾燥させた前記三口フラスコ内の雰囲気ガスを窒素で置換して、前記三口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とした。次いで、前記三口フラスコ内に芳香族ジアミンである4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド0.2045g(0.90mmol:日本純良薬品株式会社製:DABAN)を導入した後、更に、溶媒としてのテトラメチルウレアを4.04g添加して撹拌することにより、前記溶媒中に前記芳香族ジアミン(DABAN)を溶解させた溶解液を得た。
表2に記載の各成分(表中においてPAA-1等の略称により表される各成分)をテトラメチル尿素に溶解してポリアミド酸濃度10質量%の感光性組成物をそれぞれ調製した。表2中、かっこ内の数値は質量部である。また、表2に示す略称はそれぞれ以下の成分を示す。
・PAA-1:実施例1の第1工程と同様にして得られたポリアミド酸(固形分)
・PAA-2:実施例5の第1工程と同様にして得られたポリアミド酸(固形分)
・I-1:一般式(13)で表される化合物
・PAC-1:下記式(P-1)で表される化合物。ただし、式中Qは下記式(Q-1)で表される置換基と水素原子を9:1(モル比)の割合で含む。
・Si-2:H2NCONH(CH2)3Si(OCH2CH2CH3)3
<パターン硬化膜の製造>
表2に記載の組成の各感光性組成物を、それぞれシリコンウエハ上にスピンコートして、80℃で乾燥し、組成物膜を得た。次いで、各組成物膜に対して、それぞれ、マスクを介して超高圧水銀灯で露光(EXM-1066-E01:オーク社製、エネルギー線量100~1000mJ/cm2の範囲で100mJ/cm2ごと計10点)し、2.38質量%TMAH(水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム)を用い、それぞれ露光部分が溶解するまで現像してパターン形成を行った。次に、パターン形成後の各膜について、窒素雰囲気下で150℃1時間加熱した後、さらに250℃で1時間加熱した。これにより、表2に記載の各感光性組成物から、厚さ約13μmのパターン硬化膜をそれぞれ得た。
Claims (7)
- 溶媒と、下記一般式(1):
で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記一般式(2):
で表される芳香族ジアミンとを含有し、且つ、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとの合計の含有量が15質量%以下である原料混合液を準備し、該原料混合液中において前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとを反応させて下記一般式(3):
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸を形成することにより、粘度が5~150cpsであるポリアミド酸溶液を得る工程と、
前記ポリアミド酸溶液に、下記一般式(4):
で表される化合物を添加してポリイミド形成用混合液を得る工程と、
前記ポリイミド形成用混合液からなる膜を形成し、該膜中の前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化することにより、下記一般式(5):
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミドからなるフィルムを得る工程と、
を含むポリイミドフィルムの製造方法。 - 前記ポリアミド酸溶液の粘度が10~100cpsである、請求項1に記載のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記原料混合液を0~50℃の温度条件下において0.5~24時間撹拌することにより、前記原料混合液中において前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記芳香族ジアミンとを反応させる、請求項1又は2に記載のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のうちのいずれか一項に記載のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法により得られるものである、ポリイミドフィルム。
- 前記ポリイミドフィルムの表面の算術平均粗さRaが0.01~2.0nmである、請求項4に記載のポリイミドフィルム。
- 溶媒と、
下記一般式(3):
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸と、
下記一般式(4):
で表される化合物と、
を含有し、且つ、粘度が5~150cpsである、ポリアミド酸溶液。 - 請求項6に記載のポリアミド酸溶液と、感光剤とを含む、感光性組成物。
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WO2022031303A1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-10 | Zymergen Inc. | Process for polyimide synthesis and polyimides made therefrom |
WO2022038865A1 (ja) | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ポリアミド樹脂 |
WO2022038864A1 (ja) | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ポリアミド樹脂 |
WO2022195979A1 (ja) | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-22 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ポリアミド樹脂 |
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EP3406657A4 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
US11136435B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
KR20180103120A (ko) | 2018-09-18 |
JP6847054B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
TWI731027B (zh) | 2021-06-21 |
JPWO2017126409A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
US20190062503A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
CN108473698A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
EP3406657A1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
TW201739790A (zh) | 2017-11-16 |
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