WO2017126017A1 - チタン板 - Google Patents
チタン板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017126017A1 WO2017126017A1 PCT/JP2016/051320 JP2016051320W WO2017126017A1 WO 2017126017 A1 WO2017126017 A1 WO 2017126017A1 JP 2016051320 W JP2016051320 W JP 2016051320W WO 2017126017 A1 WO2017126017 A1 WO 2017126017A1
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- titanium plate
- annealing
- pickling
- test
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 26
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a titanium plate.
- Titanium plates are used as heat exchanger materials in various plants such as chemical plants, power plants, and food manufacturing plants because of their excellent corrosion resistance.
- the plate heat exchanger increases the heat exchange efficiency by providing unevenness to the titanium thin plate by press molding to increase the surface area, and excellent moldability is required.
- Patent Document 1 after forming an oxide film and a nitride film by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere or a nitriding atmosphere, bending or pulling is applied, and fine cracks are introduced into these films to expose metallic titanium. After that, by performing cutting in a soluble acid aqueous solution, irregularities with high density and deep depth are formed. According to Patent Document 1, it is described that the collaterality of the lubricating oil is increased and the lubricity is improved, and the lubricity is further improved by leaving or forming the oxide film and the nitride film on the surface. ing.
- the arithmetic average roughness of the surface in the direction parallel to the rolling direction is 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 2.5 ⁇ m or less, and the Vickers hardness at the test load of 0.098 N is higher than the Vickers hardness at the test load of 4.9 N on the surface.
- a titanium plate having a hardness of 20 or higher and a Vickers hardness of 180 or less with a test load of 4.9 N is described. This document describes that by increasing the roughness of the surface of the titanium plate to some extent, the amount of lubricant drawn between the titanium plate and the molding die during press molding is increased, and the formability is improved. ing.
- Patent Document 4 by removing a 0.2 ⁇ m portion from the surface chemically or mechanically, the residual oil seized on the surface during cold working is eliminated, and then vacuum annealing is performed.
- the surface hardness at a load of 200 gf (1.96 N) is set to 170 or less, and the thickness of the oxide film is set to 150 mm or more.
- Patent Document 1 does not describe moldability. And, as in this technology, if an oxide film or nitride film is formed before pickling to obtain a specific surface shape, the lubricity is improved, but it becomes the starting point of cracking in stretch forming, etc. There is a possibility that it may decrease.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the surface shape is adjusted by pickling and skin pass to improve the moldability.
- this technique it is difficult to control the shape of the recesses, especially when there are large recesses, because the unevenness formed by pickling after annealing is a method of leveling with a skin pass. It becomes the starting point of stress concentration and may induce cracking. Further, it has an air annealing step, and in order to make the difference in hardness between the surface and the base material 45 or less, it is necessary to remove the surface by about 10 ⁇ m or more on one side, resulting in poor yield.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are all techniques for improving the oil retaining property of a lubricant, and the formability of the material itself is not considered at all.
- Patent Document 4 is mentioned for the time being to improve the moldability of the material itself.
- Patent Document 4 describes that the surface hardness (Hv 0.2 ) can be reduced by surface treatment after cold working, and thereby the formability of the material is improved.
- the surface shape is not taken into consideration at all, and the influence of the surface shape on the moldability is not described at all. Further, since the surface hardness measurement is a relatively large load of 200 gf (1.96 N), information on the outermost layer portion of the titanium plate may not be obtained.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems of the prior art, and by improving the surface shape that causes the notch effect and suppressing the brittle hardened layer on the surface layer, it has a good surface deformability. It aims at providing the titanium plate which has.
- a relatively simple Erichsen test is generally used as a method for evaluating the formability of a plate material.
- the Erichsen test is usually performed using a solid or liquid lubricant as a lubricant, and there are many examples in which evaluation is performed under these lubrication conditions.
- the measured value changes greatly due to the influence of the performance and oil retention of the lubricant, so that it is not suitable for evaluating the surface deformability of the material itself.
- the lubricant during cold rolling contains a carbon component, and when it is baked and remains on the surface of the titanium plate, hard TiC is generated on the surface.
- the present inventors evaluated the surface deformability of the raw material itself by using an Erichsen test (hereinafter referred to as “the tetratetrafluoroethylene) PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) sheet, in which the surface deformability is remarkably used, as a lubricant.
- the titanium plate was evaluated according to the “high lubricity Erichsen test”.
- the coefficient of friction ⁇ of the PTFE sheet used in the high lubrication Erichsen test is about 0.04, which is much higher than the coefficient of friction of about 0.4 to 0.5 between titanium and the test jig when using a lubricating oil. Small, negligible influence of lubrication between material and testing machine. For this reason, it becomes possible to evaluate the surface deformability of the material itself.
- the present inventors have obtained a very low load, specifically, a surface Vickers hardness (hereinafter, referred to as a load of 25 gf (0.245 N)). Attempted to measure “Hv 0.025 ”. With such a low load, since the indentation depth of the Vickers indenter is shallow, the hardness of the outermost layer portion of the titanium plate can be evaluated.
- the indenter depth at 25 gf (0.245 N) calculated from the surface hardness results is approximately 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between Hv 0.025 and the highly lubricated Erichsen test value.
- the high-lubrication Erichsen value can be in a favorable range of 14.0 mm or more.
- Hv 0.025 exceeds 150
- the high-lubrication Erichsen value is When it exceeds 200, it deteriorates to less than 14.0 mm. Therefore, as a general tendency, it has been found that the lower the surface hardness, the more the moldability is improved. Specifically, it has been found that it is important to set Hv 0.025 to 150 or less. However, in the range where the surface hardness Hv 0.025 is 150 or less, it was found that even if the hardness was comparable, a difference was observed in the highly lubricated Erichsen value, and other factors other than the surface hardness were affected.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the average unevenness interval RSm and the maximum height Rz of the contour curve, and the highly lubricated Erichsen test value.
- the change in the highly lubricated Erichsen test value which was not clear in the surface hardness, can be well organized by the uneven average interval RSm and the maximum height Rz of the contour curve. It was found that it is important to set the thickness to 80 ⁇ m or less and Rz to 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- a titanium plate is provided with a melting process, a hot rolling process, a cold rolling process, and an annealing process. Moreover, it is common to provide a degreasing process (alkali washing process) between the cold rolling process and the annealing process.
- the annealing process includes a batch type BAF (Box Annealing Furnace) method, a continuous continuous annealing pickling facility AP (Annealing & Pickling), and a continuous bright annealing facility BA (Bright Annealing) method.
- the BAF method is performed in a vacuum or a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the BA method is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore, it has the characteristics that the surface skin after annealing can maintain the same surface state as before annealing (rolling skin), and descaling is unnecessary.
- the AP method is a method in which annealing is performed in an equipment that performs pickling descaling after annealing in a combustion gas atmosphere, and is used for intermediate annealing and finish annealing of products having a relatively large thickness.
- the BAF method or AP method annealing is used for intermediate annealing and finish annealing of ultrathin plates.
- the BA equipment is also utilized as a means for enhancing functionality such as crystal grain size control, strain relief heat treatment, and surface nitriding treatment.
- the lubricant in the cold rolling step can be removed, and scale formation during annealing can be suppressed, but a hardened layer such as TiC on the surface of the titanium plate cannot be completely removed.
- pickling is performed after annealing, not only the scale at the time of annealing, but also removal of a hardened layer such as TiC and TiN concentrated on the surface layer can be performed.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge and is summarized in the following titanium plate.
- the Vickers hardness Hv 0.025 at a surface load of 0.245 N is 150 or less
- the average length RSm of contour curve elements defined in JIS B0601: 2013 is 80 ⁇ m or less
- the maximum height Rz is 1.
- a titanium plate having good surface deformability can be provided. Since this titanium plate is excellent in formability, it is particularly useful as a material for heat exchangers such as chemical plants, electric power plants, and food production plants.
- Titanium plate Vickers hardness Hv 0.025 150 or less
- compounds such as TiC and TiN are produced by the concentration of C, N, etc. on the surface layer of the titanium plate in the hot rolling step, annealing step, etc. Since it is hard, it becomes a starting point of cracking during processing. Therefore, in order to evaluate the formability of the titanium plate, it is important to know the hardness of the extreme surface layer.
- Vickers hardness (Hv 0.2 ) is measured at a load of 200 gf (1.96 N) and a relatively large load, and the influence of the bulk hardness of the titanium plate is also affected.
- the present inventors paid attention to Vickers hardness (Hv 0.025 ) at a load of 25 gf (0.245 N). This is because with such a low load, the indentation depth of the Vickers indenter is shallow (about 2 to 3 ⁇ m), and the hardness of only the surface layer of the titanium plate can be evaluated.
- the Vickers hardness (Hv 0.025 ) is preferably 145 or less, and more preferably 140 or less. However, even if the Vickers hardness (Hv 0.025 ) is low, the high lubrication Eriksen test value may be slightly lower. This is an effect of the surface described later.
- the average length RSm of the contour curve element 80 ⁇ m or less If the Vickers hardness (Hv 0.025 ) is 150 or less, the highly lubricated Erichsen test value can be 14.0 or more. There is a difference. Therefore, in order to improve the formability of the titanium plate, that is, the surface deformability of the material itself, the shape of the surface of the titanium plate is important. In the prior art, Ra or Rz is controlled, but this is determined from the viewpoint of oil retention, and is irrelevant to evaluation by a test method that is not affected by oil retention, such as a highly lubricated Erichsen test. .
- the average length RSm (see JIS B0601: 2013) of the contour curve element means the average spacing of the irregularities on the surface of the titanium plate. If this RSm value is 80 ⁇ m or less, the highly lubricated Erichsen test value is stabilized. It can be a high value.
- the RSm value is preferably 75 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ Reducing RSm increases the number of irregularities. Therefore, the starting point of stress concentration increases.
- the stress concentration factor of each concavity and convexity is not too large, work hardening occurs in the stress concentration portion, so that even if a crack occurs, it does not progress and does not break.
- the fracture does not occur, it is considered that the one having more stress concentration portions suppresses local deformation and improves workability.
- deformation occurs in units of crystal grains, but the stress concentration starting point can be dispersed by forming a lot of surface irregularities, and the workability can be improved when the RSm corresponding to the irregularity interval is 80 ⁇ m or less. .
- RSm 10 ⁇ m or more. It is desirable to do.
- the surface layer of the titanium plate of the present invention can sufficiently exhibit the formability of the titanium material by managing the maximum height Rz of the contour curve to less than 1.5 ⁇ m in addition to the RSm value.
- a preferable range of Rz is 1.3 ⁇ m or less. However, since Rz cannot be made smaller than Ra, if it is 0.1 ⁇ m or more from the past production results, the cost increase can be suppressed and the production can be performed.
- Cs / Cb may be in a range of less than 2.0. preferable. This is because, as described above, when C is concentrated on the surface layer of the titanium plate and hard TiC is generated, it becomes a starting point of cracking during processing.
- the titanium plate of the present invention As a material constituting the titanium plate of the present invention, pure titanium can be used. However, even when there is no hardened layer, it is necessary to set it as the chemical composition used as Vickers hardness 150 or less. The most important element is oxygen, and its content should be 0.12% or less by mass%. When nitrogen and carbon are excessive, it becomes impossible to achieve a Vickers hardness of 150 or less. Therefore, the content is preferably 0.06% or less by mass%. When the content of iron is excessive, it is excessively refined, so it is preferable that the content of iron is 0.15% or less. These are unavoidable impurities, and all of them are usually contained by 0.0001% or more by mass%.
- the average length RSm of the contour curve element on the titanium plate surface is 80 ⁇ m or less, Rz can be less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of pickling and cutting on one side is preferably 2 to 4 ⁇ m.
- nitric acid 40-50 g / l
- hydrofluoric acid 20-30 g / l mixed with nitric hydrofluoric acid solution is immersed in an acid solution at 50-60 ° C. for 10 seconds or more. Is good.
- the average length RSm of the contour curve element on the surface of the titanium plate can be set to 80 ⁇ m or less, and Rz can be set to less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
- a general rolling equipment for titanium is a reverse type rolling mill. In the case of this rolling mill, multi-pass cold rolling is performed with the same work roll, and accordingly, the surface of the work roll is in an uneven state due to adhesion of titanium or the like.
- the roll surface is such that after the cold rolling, the surface of the titanium plate has an average length RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and a maximum height Rz of less than 1.5 ⁇ m as defined in JIS B0601: 2013 Is important.
- the surface of the work roll may be simply polished or formed by laser processing, cutting processing, shot blasting, or the like.
- the temper rolling step may not be performed if the shape of the titanium plate surface can be adjusted within the range specified in the present application by cold rolling and the subsequent pickling step.
- the shape of the surface of the titanium plate is not adjusted during cold rolling, it is necessary to carry out, the surface of the temper rolling roll on the titanium plate manufactured by the cold rolling step, the nitric hydrofluoric acid pickling step and the annealing step.
- the surface of the titanium plate may be adjusted so that the average length RSm of the contour curve element specified in JIS B0601: 2013 is 80 ⁇ m or less and the maximum height Rz is less than 1.5 ⁇ m. is necessary.
- temper rolling is performed using a work roll whose surface is controlled, it is not necessary to control the work roll surface in the final or final two passes. This is because desired surface properties can be imparted by temper rolling. Similar to the work roll in the cold rolling process, the surface of this work roll may be simply polished, or may be formed by laser processing, cutting, shot blasting, or the like.
- a degreasing step after the cold rolling step.
- the lubricant is removed.
- conditions other than the above-described work roll conditions are not particularly limited, and can be performed under normal conditions.
- conditions using a 4.5 mm thick industrial pure titanium plate that has been descaled after hot rolling, it is preferable to perform reduction by 80 to 90% cold working in a Sendzimir rolling mill.
- the annealing step is performed in the air, it is necessary to provide a descaling step after annealing, which may deteriorate the yield. Therefore, it is advantageous to perform the annealing step in a non-oxidizing atmosphere when the plate thickness is thin.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere when the plate thickness is thin.
- annealing in an argon gas atmosphere or vacuum annealing is preferable.
- a nitrogen gas atmosphere may be used, there is a problem that when a long-time heat treatment is performed, a hardened layer in which nitriding or nitrogen is dissolved is easily formed on the titanium plate surface.
- the degree of vacuum is set to 1.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa (1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Torr) or less in a vacuum atmosphere, and the plate temperature is held for 240 minutes after reaching 650 to 700 ° C. Then, it is preferable to cool the furnace while keeping the vacuum atmosphere. This is because the particle size of the titanium plate is adjusted to a particle size range of 50 to 100 ⁇ m (particle size number: about 4 to 6) which is excellent in stretch formability. In order to prevent overheating and non-uniform heating of the plate, it is preferable to heat at a rate of temperature increase of 3.0 ° C./min or less. When the annealing is performed continuously, it is preferable that the annealing temperature is 700 to 820 ° C. and the holding time is 10 to 600 seconds.
- a pure titanium JIS-1 type was used as a test material, and a test titanium plate was produced under the conditions shown in Table 1.
- the work roll was polished with emery paper # 120, and the descaled 4.5 mm thick pure titanium plate was reduced to a thickness of 0.5 mm (reduction rate: about 89%).
- finish roll control is “ ⁇ ”
- cold rolling is performed with the same work roll until the final pass, and in the case of “existing”, the final pass is RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and Rz is 1.5 ⁇ m. Cold-rolled with less work rolls.
- Alkali cleaning is a cleaning step performed in an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide as a main component.
- “Nitrofluoric acid pickling” is immersed in nitric hydrofluoric acid (nitric acid: 50 g / l, hydrofluoric acid: 20 g / l, acid solution temperature: about 55 to 60 ° C.) and finely cut by 1 to 21 ⁇ m on one side. This is a pickling process for forming many irregularities and removing seizure oil during cold rolling.
- the rate of temperature rise is adjusted in the range of 2.5 to 2.7 ° C./min (temperature rise time, about 180 minutes), and then the furnace is kept in a vacuum atmosphere. Chilled.
- heating was performed by infrared heating at a heating rate of 20 ° C./s, and after holding, cooling was performed in an Ar gas atmosphere or air.
- test no. In the “temper rolling process”, test no. In the examples of 5, 6, and 8 to 13, the work rolls having RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and Rz of less than 1.5 ⁇ m were used.
- the Vickers hardness at a load of 25 gf 0.245 N), the average length RSm of the contour curve element based on JIS B0601: 2013, and the maximum height Rz of the contour curve were measured.
- the surface hardness was measured with a load of 25 gf (0.245 N) using a micro Vickers hardness tester.
- For the surface roughness a measurement length of 4 mm was measured in a direction parallel to the rolling direction using a stylus type surface roughness measuring machine.
- a PTFE sheet having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a friction coefficient ⁇ : 0.04 is sandwiched between the test body and the test machine, and the Erichsen test is performed under the condition that the test body does not directly contact the test machine. The value was measured. Further, the amount of cutting by nitric hydrofluoric acid pickling (single-sided cutting amount) was determined from the change in weight before and after pickling using a density of 4.5 g / cm 3 of titanium. These results are shown in Table 1 together with the production conditions. Further, in FIG. SEM images of 1, 3, 15 and 22 are shown.
- the No. 1 material of the present invention. 1 and no. 3 has fine irregularities formed regardless of the amount of cutting, but as shown in FIG. 3 (c), cold rolling using a work roll having an RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and an Rz of less than 1.5 ⁇ m. No. that was pickled but not pickled. In No. 15, there are many microcracks generated during cold rolling. Moreover, as shown in FIG.3 (d), although pickling was performed after vacuum annealing, it was No. which did not use the work roll whose RSm is 80 micrometers or less and Rz is less than 1.5 micrometers in the temper rolling process. In 22, large irregularities of crystal grain units are formed.
- the surface hardness Hv was controlled to 150 or less, the surface roughness Rz was less than 1.5 ⁇ m, and the RSm was 80 ⁇ m or less.
- proper rolling is performed using “work rolls with RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and Rz of less than 1.5 ⁇ m” to ensure appropriate surface roughness. is made of. No. In Nos. 1-6 and 11-13, an appropriate nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling was performed before vacuum annealing (batch type), and carbon and TiC derived from the residual oil could be removed, so that no hardened layer was formed. No. In Nos.
- No. Nos. 14 to 16 were not subjected to nitric hydrofluoric acid pickling and remained on the surface of the carbon component derived from the rolling oil during cold rolling, or the rolling oil was seized due to a high load during rolling, and TiC was deposited on the surface. It is considered that these carbons diffused inward during vacuum annealing to form a hardened layer. As a result, the highly lubricated Erichsen value remained low.
- No. 22 and 23 are performing a cold rolling process and a pickling process under appropriate conditions.
- temper rolling process rolling using “work rolls having an RSm of 80 ⁇ m or less and an Rz of less than 1.5 ⁇ m” is performed. Since this was not done, the surface roughness was outside the range defined in the present invention. In particular, no. Although No. 23 performed the pickling process after vacuum annealing (batch type), the amount of cutting was not enough and the surface hardness became a high value. As a result, in these examples, the highly lubricated Erichsen value remained low.
- the surface deformability is inferior, microcracks are easily generated on the surface during molding, and the moldability is deteriorated. It is thought that it stayed. Further, in the example where the surface roughness is outside the range defined by the present invention, it is considered that large irregularities of crystal grain units exist on the surface, and cracks are likely to occur.
- Test No. 1 (invention example) and test no. About 15 (comparative example), the elemental analysis in the depth direction from the titanium plate surface was performed using GDS (glow discharge luminescence surface analysis). The emission intensity at that time is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that in the example of the present invention, there is almost no concentration of C in the surface layer. Then, the carbon concentration Cs having a depth of 5 ⁇ m and the carbon concentration Cb having a depth of 20 ⁇ m were converted from the emission intensity, and Cs / Cb was determined. 1 has a Cs / Cb of 1.4. Cs / Cb of 15 was 4.9. Thus, it turns out that concentration of C in a surface layer can be prevented by performing pickling before annealing.
- GDS low discharge luminescence surface analysis
- the surface shape that causes the notch effect can be improved, and a hardened surface layer can be suppressed, so that a titanium plate having good surface deformability can be provided. Since this titanium plate is excellent in formability, it is particularly useful as a material for heat exchangers such as chemical plants, electric power plants, and food production plants.
Abstract
Description
ビッカース硬度Hv0.025:150以下
前述のように、熱間圧延工程、焼鈍工程などにおいてチタン板の表層にC、Nなどが濃化し、TiC、TiNなどの化合物が生成するが、これらの化合物は硬質であるため、加工時に割れの起点となる。そこで、チタン板の成形性を評価するためには、極表層の硬さを知ることが重要となる。従来技術(たとえば、特許文献4など)においては、荷重200gf(1.96N)と比較的大きな荷重でのビッカース硬度(Hv0.2)を測定しており、チタン板のバルクの硬度の影響も受けるため、チタン板の成形性への大きい表層の硬さを正確に知ることができない。このため、本発明者らは、荷重25gf(0.245N)でのビッカース硬度(Hv0.025)に着目した。このような低荷重であれば、ビッカース圧子の押し込み深さが浅く(2~3μm程度)、チタン板の表層のみの硬さを評価することができるからである。
ビッカース硬度(Hv0.025)は150以下とすれば、高潤滑エリクセン試験値を14.0以上とすることができるが、同じ硬度でも高潤滑エリクセン試験値に差がある。そこで、チタン板の成形性、すなわち、素材そのものの表面変形能を向上させるためには、チタン板の表面の形状が重要である。従来技術においては、RaまたはRzを管理されているが、これは保油性の観点で定められており、高潤滑エリクセン試験のように保油性の影響を受けない試験方法による評価には無関係である。一方、輪郭曲線要素の平均長さRSm(JIS B0601:2013参照)は、チタン板表面の凹凸の平均間隔を意味し、このRSm値を80μm以下とすれば、高潤滑エリクセン試験値を安定して高い値とすることができる。RSm値は、75μm以下とすることが好ましく、70μm以下とすることがより好ましい。
RSmを小さくすることで応力集中起点を増やす場合には、その起点の応力集中係数は低くする必要がある。つまり、Rzが大きい場合には応力集中係数が高くなり、RSmを小さくする効果が低下すると考えられる。そのため、本発明のチタン板の表層は、RSm値に加えて、輪郭曲線の最大高さRzを1.5μm未満に管理することによって、チタン材の成形性を十分に発揮することができる。Rzの好ましい範囲は、1.3μm以下である。ただし、RzはRaよりも小さくすることはできないため、これまでの製造実績から0.1μm以上であれば、コストアップを抑制し、製造できる。
前記の通り、チタン板表面に形成されたTiC等の硬質層の除去は、冷間圧延工程後に、酸洗を行うか、焼鈍後に酸洗を行うことで達成される。しかし、酸洗のみではチタン板表面の凹凸状態を所望の範囲に調整することは困難である。したがって、冷間圧延の最終パスもしくは最終2パスで所望の表面粗さに制御されたワークロールでの圧延を施すのがよい。すなわち、前記冷間圧延工程において最終パスもしくは最終2パスで表面を制御したワークロールで圧延し、硝ふっ酸酸洗した後、前記非酸化雰囲気焼鈍を行うことでチタン板表面の輪郭曲線要素の平均長さRSmを80μm以下、Rzを1.5μm未満とすることができる。また、別の製造方法として焼鈍後酸洗を行い、所望の表面粗さに制御された調質圧延ロールで圧延を施すことで、チタン板表面の輪郭曲線要素の平均長さRSmを80μm以下、Rzを1.5μm未満とすることができる。焼鈍後酸洗工程で、チタン板表面のTiC等の硬質層を除去する場合、BAF焼鈍方式の場合表面のCやN等がチタン板の内部に向かって拡散するために、酸洗量を多くする必要がある。しかし、連続式焼鈍方式の場合は、焼鈍時間が短時間であるために、CやN等の拡散層がBAF方式に比べ浅いため、軽度の酸洗で硬質層の除去が可能である。
Claims (2)
- 表面の荷重0.245Nでのビッカース硬度Hv0.025が150以下であり、かつJIS B0601:2013に規定される輪郭曲線要素の平均長さRSmが80μm以下であり、Rzが1.5μm未満である、チタン板。
- 表面から深さ5μmの炭素濃度をCs、深さ20μmの炭素濃度をCbとするとき、Cs/Cbが2.0未満の範囲である、請求項1のチタン板。
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CN111902222A (zh) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-11-06 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 钛板 |
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