WO2017092649A1 - 多功能茶叶生产系统、多功能茶叶生产工艺和控制系统 - Google Patents

多功能茶叶生产系统、多功能茶叶生产工艺和控制系统 Download PDF

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WO2017092649A1
WO2017092649A1 PCT/CN2016/107712 CN2016107712W WO2017092649A1 WO 2017092649 A1 WO2017092649 A1 WO 2017092649A1 CN 2016107712 W CN2016107712 W CN 2016107712W WO 2017092649 A1 WO2017092649 A1 WO 2017092649A1
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tea
control
green
cooling
machine
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PCT/CN2016/107712
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汤哲
周建勇
朱克军
张立
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长沙湘丰智能装备股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017092649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092649A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby

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  • the invention generally belongs to the field of tea processing machinery, and particularly relates to a tea production system and a production process for continuous processing of granular green tea, needle bud green tea and circulating fried green tea.
  • the continuous and automated processing of tea has been basically realized.
  • the patent (CN101999479A) discloses a device for continuous processing of fried green tea.
  • the patent CN202931998U discloses a fully automatic production line for fragrant tea
  • the patent CN103947776A discloses a kind of patent. Continuous black tea pressing production line.
  • Patent CN102823668A discloses a black tea and green tea compatible automatic tea processing production line equipment and method, but the production line is only compatible with black tea and green tea, and the production line cannot be produced at the same time, and even needs to be produced in different seasons.
  • the purpose of the invention is to reduce the repeated investment and idleness of enterprises in tea processing production equipment, factory buildings and other facilities, improve the utilization rate of tea raw processing equipment and the return on investment of enterprises, reduce the production cost of tea, and improve the competitiveness of tea enterprises.
  • the tea processing production line of the invention can process both granular green tea, needle-shaped green tea and recycled green tea, which can be flexibly used according to user needs.
  • the process of granular green tea can be: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air deblocking ⁇ 6. Cooling ⁇ 7. ⁇ 8. Cooling back to the tide ⁇ 9. Qu Han shape ⁇ 10. Dry ⁇ 11. Wind selection.
  • the process of circulating green tea can be: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air deblocking ⁇ 6. Cooling ⁇ 7. Continuous Stir-fried two green ⁇ 8. cool down the tide ⁇ 9. continuous fry ⁇ 10. dry foot ⁇ 11. wind selection.
  • the circulating frying unit can be composed of one or more frying dryers and a metering connection device (16).
  • the crucible unit module may be composed of one rake machine or a plurality of rake machine plus metering devices (9).
  • control system can be equipped with a data acquisition and monitoring subsystem, which can monitor and collect the status and control parameters of each device module in the production line in real time, and utilize the state parameters.
  • the number feedback is used to control the equipment, alarm the data anomaly, store the state parameters and control parameters, and provide basic data for the improvement of the processing technology and the traceability of the product processing.
  • the hot air deblocking step may be a combination of the deblocking process and the baking process.
  • a multifunctional tea production process using the above tea production system which may include: under the control of a control system, in response to the type of tea currently produced, using three tea processing
  • the common part and the special part of each tea processing are used to carry out the tea production process corresponding to the tea.
  • the process of the granular green tea is as follows: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air Unblocking ⁇ 6. Cooling down ⁇ 7. Curved shape ⁇ 8. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 9. Curved shape ⁇ 10. Drying ⁇ 11. Wind selection; Processing technology of needle-shaped green tea: 1. Qing ⁇ 2. Killing ⁇ 3. Cooling ⁇ 4.
  • the hot air deblocking step may be a combination of the deblocking process and the baking process.
  • Alarm, store state parameters and control parameters provide basic data for improvement of machining process and traceability of product processing; network between control center and each lower computer to realize network communication and data sharing, users can monitor through control center Real-time operating conditions of the equipment at each module, and can modify the operating parameters of each control link online, real-time control of the actuator, under the control of the control system, in response to the production and processing of granular green tea, recycled green tea and needle buds Model green tea three Tea leaf specific command, the specific production of tea with a corresponding device automatically connects Then, the production process of the specific tea leaves is carried out.
  • control center can be configured with a main control station, a communication gateway is installed, and an industrial computer is configured, and configuration is performed on the industrial control machine to realize central control of the entire production line.
  • the lower computer can be equipped with a PLC, a touch screen, an operation button and an indicator light.
  • the three processes used in the production line are: (1) The granular green tea process is: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air deblocking ⁇ 6 Cooling ⁇ 7. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 8.
  • the equipment corresponding to the three processes can be as follows: corresponding equipment of granular green tea: 1. Spreading machine (1) ⁇ 2. Fresh leaf flow meter (2) ⁇ 3. Killing machine (3) ⁇ 4. Cool resurgence machine (5) ⁇ 5. ⁇ unit (10) ⁇ 6. hot air deblocking machine (11) ⁇ 7. Qu unit (17) ⁇ 8. cool and reflow machine (19) ⁇ 9. Qu unit ( 21) ⁇ 10. Dryer (22) ⁇ 11. Air sorter (23);
  • Needle bud type green tea corresponding equipment 1. Spreading machine (1) ⁇ 2. Fresh leaf flow meter (2) ⁇ 3. Killing machine (3) ⁇ 4. Cooling reflow machine (5) ⁇ 5. Unit (6) ⁇ 6. Cooling conveyor (7) ⁇ 7. Straightening unit (8) ⁇ 8. Cooling conveyor (12) ⁇ 9. Drying machine (22) ⁇ 10. Wind sorting machine (23 );
  • Equipment for circulating fried green tea 1. Spreading machine (1) ⁇ 2. Fresh leaf flow meter (2) ⁇ 3. Killing machine (3) ⁇ 4. Cooling and resurgence machine (5) ⁇ 5. Unit (10) ⁇ 6. Hot air deblocking machine (11) ⁇ 7. Revolving unit (18) ⁇ 8. Cooling and regenerating machine (19) ⁇ 10. Revolving unit (20) ⁇ 11. Dryer (22) ⁇ 12 air sorter (23).
  • the line can process three kinds of tea leaves.
  • the equipment for processing three kinds of tea leaves in the multi-functional production line is: a blue machine (1), a fresh leaf flow meter (2), a green machine (3), a cool and resurgence machine (5), a dryer ( 22), air sorting machine (23);
  • the equipment that can be used for processing granular green tea and circulating green tea is: ⁇ unit (10), hot air deblocking machine (11), cool and rejuvenation machine (19); special equipment for granular green tea is Qu Han unit (17) (21), the special equipment for circulating stir-fry green tea is the circulating frying unit (18), (20), and the special equipment for needle-bud type green tea is the strip unit (6) and the stripping unit (8).
  • the sharing rate of the production line equipment is greater than 60%, which is 60% less than the cost of making three separate production lines, and the equipment installation site is reduced by 75%.
  • the multi-functional production line is combined in a modular manner.
  • the strip unit module (CN104171093A), the stripping unit module, the circulating frying module, the drying module, the air selection module.
  • Each module can be used independently or in combination with other modules to form a continuous stream of different types of tea processing lines.
  • the metering and killing module integrates the tea flow control device (CN102415454A), the greening machine (3) and the exhausting and dehumidifying device (25); the unit module can be equipped with one or more sets of measuring devices according to the production line capacity requirements.
  • the processing line processes the granular green tea, it adopts two curves and precise moisture control to ensure that the strips of the granular green tea are tight, round and granular.
  • the control system of the production line can be equipped with a data acquisition and monitoring system (SCADA), which can monitor and collect the state parameters of each device module of the production line in real time, and alarm the data abnormality.
  • SCADA data acquisition and monitoring system
  • the status parameters and control parameters can be stored to provide basic data for the improvement of the machining process and the traceability of the product processing.
  • the temperature monitoring of the killing module is shown in Figure 3. If the temperature of the green wall is set to T degree, when the deviation exceeds the set maximum deviation n, the combustion system automatically shuts down, when the wall of the barrel is cooled below the setting. When a certain degree is set, the combustion system is automatically started, and the setting of n is flexibly set according to the process requirements and the hardware requirements of the combustion system. This method of using the monitoring data to control the combustion system is simple and practical, and can effectively meet the process requirements while greatly reducing the cost of the control system.
  • the two kinds of circulating green tea are mixed between the two types of green tea, and the two types of green tea are arranged with a cool and resurgence machine, and the cool and resurgence machine is mainly After the tea leaves are cooled, the tea leaves are piled up and softened to make the tea water evenly distributed, and then the next step is carried out to ensure that the color of the tea leaves is green and the water loss is relatively uniform, and the tea flavor quality is guaranteed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a production line control module
  • Figure 2 shows the interface of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the control system
  • Figure 3 is a variation curve of the curing temperature monitoring of the embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a variation curve of the curing temperature monitoring of the embodiment
  • 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic diagrams showing the arrangement of equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the process flow of the present invention.
  • the figures in the figure indicate: 1-Blanching machine 1, 2- Fresh leaf flow meter 2, 3-killer, 4-cooling air selection equipment, 5-cooling resurgence machine, 6-strip unit, 7-cooling conveyor , 8--bar flattening unit, 9-metering uniform device, 10-inch unit, 11-hot air deblocking machine, 12-cooling conveyor, 13-vibration tank, 14-vertical conveyor, 15-plane conveying Machine, 16-meter connection device, 17-cursor unit, 18-cycle scrambler unit, 18-cooling resurgence machine, 20-cycle scrambler unit, 21-cursor unit, 22-dryer, 23-wind Machine selection, 24-spline chain oblique transmission, 25-exhaust air drainage unit, 26-plane conveyor, 27-bevel conveyor, 28-vibration tank, 29-vertical hoist, 30-plane conveyor, 31- Tipper hoist, 32-separate flat, 33-separate flat conveyor, 34-uniform hopper, 35-tip hoist, 36
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the process flow of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (a) and Figure (b) show the overall layout of the multi-function processing line.
  • An embodiment of this type of multi-function production line is specifically described below.
  • the granular green tea technology used in the production line is: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air deblocking ⁇ 6. Cooling ⁇ 7. Qu Han shape ⁇ 8. Cool resurgence ⁇ 9. Qu Han shape ⁇ 10. Dry ⁇ 11. Wind selection.
  • the fresh leaf treatment amount is 100 kg/h, and about 630 kg of dry tea can be produced in 24 hours.
  • the fresh leaves that have been spread in the spreader (1) are sent to the fresh leaf flow meter (2) by the plane conveyor (26) and the inclined conveyor (27), and are fed through the fresh leaf flow meter (2).
  • the green leaf of the smashing machine (3) is dynamically balanced, that is, it flows to the smashing machine (3) every hour according to the set flow rate, and the fallen leaves fall directly into the cooling air selection device (4), and the old wind is selected through the wind.
  • Pornographic films, Residue pieces to reduce the subsequent refining pressure, the tea leaves selected by the air are sent to the cool and resurgence machine (5) through the combination of the vibration tank (28), the vertical hoist (29) and the plane conveyor (30).
  • the machine (5) mainly makes the tea leaves are cooled and piled up, softened to make the tea water evenly distributed, and then the next step is carried out to ensure that the color of the tea leaves is green and the water loss is relatively uniform, and the tea flavor quality is guaranteed.
  • the tea leaves Through the tipping elevator (31), it is sent to the material leveling and conveying (32). At this time, the material is fed flat (32) forward, and the tea is sent to the leveling meter (9). After the rated metering of the tea leaves reaches the equipment. After the weight, it will be automatically sent to the ⁇ unit (10) which consists of 3 sets of 55 ⁇ machine.
  • the tea leaves will be sent to the hot air deblocking machine (11) through the slanting chain (24) for deblocking and drying.
  • the de-blocked tea leaves are cooled by the cooling conveyor (12) and then sent to the conveying equipment through the combination of the vibration tank (13), the vertical hoist (14) and the plane conveyor (15).
  • the plane conveyor (50) rotates forward, so that the tea leaves enter the curve through the plane conveyor (51).
  • the millimeter metering device (16) performs constant metering and weighing, and then passes through the forward splitting and flattening (38) and the three-layer splitting and flattening machine (33) arranged above the Quer unit to be sent to the four units 84.
  • the first type of automatic ham machine consists of the first piece of the ham machine (17). When the shape is moderate, the machine is automatically discharged. The tea is sent to the top of the chilling machine (19).
  • the leaf cloth machine (34) and the uniform leaf cloth machine (34) can evenly distribute the tea leaves on the cool and rejuvenating machine (19).
  • the thickness of the tea can be controlled by adjusting the discharge speed of the uniform leaf cloth machine, and the cooling time is also It can be realized by controlling the running speed of the cool net belt of the cool and rejuvenating machine (19), and the tea with good resurgence is sent to the splitting and conveying (36) through the dumper hoist (35).
  • the tea is sent to the plane conveyor (37), and then enters the flat feed (39), the split is flat (39) forward, and the tea flows through the flat conveyor (40) to the split (41) ), the flat feed (41) is now turning, the tea inflow is arranged on the uniform leaf gauge (42) above the Qu unit (21), and the quantitatively measured tea is conveyed by the split to 2
  • the truncated unit (21) consisting of the 84-type curved machine performs the second-order transformation, and the shape is required to pass through the vibration groove (45), the vertical hoist (46) and the plane conveyor (47).
  • the composition of the connecting device sends the tea to the plane conveyor (37), the material is fed flat (39) forward, and the tea leaves flow through the flat conveyor (40) to the split flat (41), and the split is flat (41)
  • the tea leaves into the dryer (22) for drying and drying, and the dried tea is sent to the wind sorter (23) through the tipping elevator (43) for final wind selection.
  • the entire granular green tea processing process is completed.
  • the process of circulating green tea is as follows: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling and resurgence ⁇ 4. ⁇ ⁇ 5. Hot air deblocking ⁇ 6. Cooling ⁇ 7. Continuously frying two green ⁇ 8. Cool resurgence ⁇ 9. Continuous frying ⁇ 10. Drying dry ⁇ 11. Wind selection.
  • the fresh leaf treatment capacity is 120kg/h. Approximately 750 kg of dry tea can be produced in 24 hours.
  • the process of measuring the green tea from the process of greening to the first time is the same as that of the granular green tea. The process is not repeated here.
  • the subsequent process is as follows: the tea enters the plane conveyor (50), at this time, the plane The conveyor (50) rotates forward, and the tea leaves enters the Qu metering connection device (16) through the plane conveyor (51) for constant measurement and weighing, and then the divided material is fed flat (38). Inverted, the tea enters the circulating frying unit (18) for the first cycle of frying, and after the cooking is moderate, the steaming and automatic frying is carried out, and the tea leaves are sent to the uniform leaf cloth arranged above the cool and reflow machine (19). Machine (34), uniform leaf cloth machine (34) can evenly spread the tea on the cool and rejuvenate machine (19), the thickness of the tea can be controlled by adjusting the discharge speed of the uniform leaf conveyor, and the cooling time can also be passed.
  • the composition of the connecting device sends the tea to the plane conveyor (37), the material is fed flat (39) forward, and the tea leaves flow through the flat conveyor (40) to the split and flat (41), and the split is flat ( 41)
  • the tea is turned into the dryer (22) for drying and drying, and the dried tea is sent to the wind sorter (23) through the tipping elevator (43) for final wind selection.
  • the entire cycle of the green tea processing process is completed.
  • the processing technology of needle-shaped green tea is: 1. Spreading green ⁇ 2. Killing blue ⁇ 3. Cooling ⁇ 4. Continuous striping ⁇ 5. Cooling ⁇ 6. Continuous stripping ⁇ 7. Cooling ⁇ 8. Drying Foot dry ⁇ 9. Wind selection.
  • the fresh leaf treatment amount is 40kg/h, and about 250kg of dry tea can be produced in 24 hours.
  • the process of abrading to cool and rejuvenate and the required equipment are the same as that of granular green tea and recycled green tea. The following is not repeated here.
  • the follow-up process is as follows: After the cool and resurgence, the tea is sent to the sub-drawer elevator (31).
  • the material is fed flat (32), at this time, the material is fed in parallel (32), and the tea leaves through the plane conveyor (48) to enter the strip unit (6) for the strip operation.
  • the vibration tank (49) is completed. Enter the cooling conveyor (7) for cooling, and then send it to the stripping unit (8) through the plane conveyor.
  • the needle-bud type green tea is basically formed, and then passed through the cooling conveyor (12).
  • the vibration tank (13), the vertical hoist (14), and the plane conveyor (15) are fed to the plane conveyor (50), at which time the plane conveyor (50) is reversed, and the tea leaves are conveyed by the plane conveyor ( 37) Entering the forward plane conveyor (39), the tea leaves flow through the plane conveyor (40) to the split level (41), and the splits are fed (41) at this time, the tea leaves into the dryer (22).
  • the drying process is carried out, and the dried tea leaves are sent to the wind through a tipping elevator (43).
  • the final air separation operation is performed in the machine (23), whereby the entire needle-bud type green tea processing process is completed.
  • the fresh leaf flow meter (2) can adopt the patent number ZL2011205150350, and the patent name is an automatic flow control device disclosed in an automatic flow control device, and the function thereof is to dynamically balance the fresh leaves of the killing machine instantaneously, that is, Keep the set flow rate to the machine every hour to ensure the effect of killing.
  • the device consists of a metering chamber, a slanting cone and a vibrating trough.
  • the greening machine (3) used in the production line is the Chinese patent ZL201010577150.0, which is completed on the basis of the traditional greening machine.
  • the specific implementation details are similar to the publicized machine.
  • the production line uses the 80-type machine.
  • the processing capacity of the machine is up to 120kg/h.
  • the functions of the cool and resurgence machine (5) and (19) are mainly to make the tea leaves cool and accumulate and soften to make the tea water evenly distributed, and then carry out the next step to ensure that the color of the tea leaves is green and the water loss is relatively uniform, and the tea flavor quality is also Guaranteed;
  • the cool and resurgence machine (5), (19) are arranged above the uniform leaf cloth machine (34), the uniform leaf cloth equipment, the uniform leaf cloth machine (34) can evenly spread the tea leaves in the cool and resurgence
  • the thickness of the tea can be controlled by adjusting the discharge speed of the uniform blade conveyor.
  • the cooling and stacking time can also be controlled by the cool air belt of the cool and reflow machine (5) and (19). The speed is achieved, which is especially important when processing different types of green tea. Different thicknesses and times of regain are controlled according to different types of green tea production.
  • the role of sputum 1 tighten the tea, reduce the volume, lay a good foundation for frying and drying; 2 properly destroy the leaf tissue, both tea leaves are easy to bubble, but also resistant to brewing.
  • the ⁇ unit (5) used in the production line is the Chinese patent number ZL2011204605804, and the patent name is: an automatic smashing machine.
  • the downtime model used here is three 55-type downtime parallel.
  • the function of the horizontal leaf storage leaf before weighing (17) is to ensure that the weight of the tea leaves reaches the preset requirement each time, and the uniform leaf measurement (9) consists of the oblique storage of the reservoir and the electronic scale.
  • the hot air deblocking machine combines the deblocking process with the baking process, and the conventional drum Compared with the two-green baking process, it not only has a deblocking effect, but also has better gas permeability and water loss effect, and is beneficial to holding tea leaves and green color.
  • the entire multi-function production line control system is divided into the following ten modules according to the function (as shown in Figure 1): fresh leaf agitation module, metering and killing module, cooling and resurgence module, ⁇ unit module, ⁇ (201520986484.1), Straight line unit module (CN104171093A), stripe flattening unit module, The circulating frying module, the drying module, and the air selection module are connected by different conveying auxiliary devices.
  • the interface of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the control system is shown in Figure 2.
  • Each control link in the tea processing process is equipped with a control box as the lower computer system of SCADA, PLC and touch screen and operation button indicator lights in the control box.
  • Each control box is networked through the field bus to realize network communication and data sharing.
  • the main control station is configured in the control center, the communication gateway is installed, and the industrial computer is configured, and the configuration is performed on the industrial computer to realize the central control of the entire production line.
  • the user can monitor the real-time operating conditions of each device through the computer configuration of the central control room, and can modify the operating parameters of each control link online, and can also perform real-time control on an executing mechanism.
  • the temperature setting of the strip is divided into three stages: 150 degrees in the first stage, 120 degrees in the second stage, and 140 degrees in the third stage.
  • the temperature and actual temperature are set.
  • the monitoring temperature value curve is shown in Figure 4.

Abstract

一种多功能茶叶生产系统,包括加工颗粒形绿茶、循环滚炒绿茶和针芽形绿茶共用的设备部分:摊青机(1)、鲜叶流量计(2)、杀青机(3)、摊凉回潮机(5,19)、烘干机(22)、风选机(23);颗粒形绿茶和循环滚炒绿茶共用部分还包括揉捻机组(10)、热风解块机(11);颗粒形绿茶专用设备包括曲毫机组(17,21);循环滚炒绿茶专用设备包括循环滚炒机组(18,20);针芽形绿茶专用设备包括理条机组(6)和理条压扁机组(8);以及控制系统。多功能茶叶生产工艺是在控制系统的控制下,利用三种茶叶加工的共用部分和专用部分进行特定茶叶的生产工艺。

Description

多功能茶叶生产系统、多功能茶叶生产工艺和控制系统 技术领域
本发明总体属于茶叶加工机械领域,尤其涉及茶叶连续化加工颗粒型绿茶、针芽型绿茶和循环滚炒型绿茶生产系统和生产工艺。
背景技术
目前,茶叶的连续化和自动化加工已经能基本实现,比如专利(CN101999479A)公开了一种炒青绿茶连续化加工的设备,专利CN202931998U公开了一种香茶全自动生产线,专利CN103947776A公开了一种连续化黑茶压制生产线。
但以上的连续化加工生产线都是只能实现单类型茶叶的加工,而大部分茶叶企业不只是生产一种类型茶叶产品,茶企会根据茶叶生长特点及茶叶市场需求,生产以单芽头为原料的银针型、毛峰型绿茶,生产以一芽一叶为原料的毛峰、炒青或烘青类绿茶,后期还可生产一芽二三叶为原料的各种中低端绿茶,甚至可生产机采原料为主的出口产品,规模企业若想满足市场需求,生产不同类型的各种绿茶或红茶投入一条生产线设备的直接投入一般均需几十万到上百万乃至数百万不等,而设备厂房及其他水、电、气配套设施还需几十万到上百万的投入,如某企业针对单芽头单独投入一款针芽类绿茶生产线,而单芽头的可采摘时间很短,一般在十五天左右,最长不过一个月,采摘期结束后,设备基本闲置。这对茶叶企业来说负担都比较重,因此,对一条线生产线实现多种类型茶叶加工的需求非常迫切。旨在减缓茶叶加工生产设备、厂房、其他设施的重复投资和闲置等一系列制约茶叶加工企业可持续发展的难题。专利CN102823668A公开了一种红茶和绿茶兼容的全自动茶叶加工生产线设备及方法,但该生产线只兼容了红茶和绿茶,并且该生产线不能同时生产,甚至需要不同季节进行生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的是减少企业在茶叶加工生产设备、厂房、其他设施的重复投资和闲置,提高茶叶初制加工设备的使用率和企业的投资回报率,降低茶叶生产成本,提高茶叶企业的竞争力。与其他茶叶加工生产线不同,本发明涉及的茶叶加工生产线既能加工颗粒形绿茶、针芽形绿茶又能加工循环滚炒形绿茶,可以根据用户需要灵活使用。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种多功能茶叶生产系统,包括:三种茶叶加工共用部分,即加工颗粒形绿茶、循环滚炒绿茶和针芽型号绿茶三种茶叶共用的设备部分,包括:摊青机(1)、鲜叶流量计(2)、杀青机(3)、摊凉回潮机(5,19)、烘干机(22)、风选机(23);除了所述三种茶叶加工共用部分之外,加工颗粒形绿茶和循环滚炒绿茶共用的部分,包括:揉捻机组(10)、热风解块机(11);颗粒形绿茶专用的设备,包括:曲毫机组(17,21);循环滚炒型绿茶专用的设备,包括:循环滚炒机组(18,20);针芽型号绿茶专用的设备,包括:理条机组(6)和理条压扁机组(8);以及控制系统,在控制系统的控制下,响应于生产所述三种茶叶中的特定茶叶的命令,与生产所述特定茶叶对应的设备自动连接,并进行所述特定茶叶的生产工艺。
上述茶叶生产系统中,颗粒型绿茶工艺过程可以为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选。
上述茶叶生产系统中,针芽形绿茶的加工工艺可以为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选。
上述茶叶生产系统中,循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺可以为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。
上述茶叶生产系统中,循环滚炒机组可以由1台或多台炒干机加计量衔接装置(16)组成。
上述茶叶生产系统中,揉捻机组模块可以由1台揉捻机或者多台揉捻机加计量装置(9)组成。
上述茶叶生产系统中,控制系统可以配备有数据采集与监控子系统,该子系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参 数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。
上述茶叶生产系统中,所述热风解块步骤可以是将揉捻后的解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种利用上述茶叶生产系统来进行的多功能茶叶生产工艺,可以包括:在控制系统的控制下,响应于目前生产的茶叶的种类,利用三种茶叶加工的共用部分和每种茶叶加工的专用部分来进行对应茶叶的茶叶生产工艺,其中颗粒型绿茶工艺过程为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选;针芽形绿茶的加工工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选;循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。
根据上述多功能茶叶生产工艺,控制系统可以配备有数据采集与监控系统,该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。
根据上述多功能茶叶生产工艺,所述热风解块步骤可以是将揉捻后的解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一。
根据本发明再一方面,提供了一种多功能茶叶生产系统中使用的控制系统,可以包括:控制中心;针对茶叶生产工艺的各个模块对应配置的各个下位机,其中不同模块之间通过不同输送辅助设备衔接,各个下位机互相联网,能够进行网络通信;数据采集与监控系统,该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据;控制中心与各个下位机之间联网,实现网络通信和数据共享,用户通过控制中心能够监控到各个模块处设备的实时运行工况,并能够在线修改各控制环节的运行参数,对执行机构进行实时控制,在控制系统的控制下,响应于生产加工颗粒形绿茶、循环滚炒绿茶和针芽型号绿茶三种茶叶中的特定茶叶的命令,与生产所述特定茶叶对应的设备自动连 接,并进行所述特定茶叶的生产工艺。
根据上述控制系统,其中所述控制中心可以配置有主控台,安装有通信网关,并配置有工控机,在工控机上做组态,实现对整个生产线的中控。
根据上述控制系统,所述各个模块可以包括:鲜叶摊青模块、计量杀青模块、摊凉回潮模块、揉捻机组模块、曲毫做形模块、理条机组模块、理条压扁机组模块、循环滚炒模块、烘干模块、风选模块。
根据上述控制系统,所述下位机可以配备有PLC、触摸屏、操作按钮和指示灯。
在一个示例中,该生产线采用的三种工艺分别为:(1)颗粒型绿茶工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选;(2)针芽形绿茶的加工工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选;(3)循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。
与此三种工艺相对应的设备可以如下:颗粒型绿茶相对应的设备:1.摊青机(1)→2.鲜叶流量计(2)→3.杀青机(3)→4.摊凉回潮机(5)→5.揉捻机组(10)→6.热风解块机(11)→7.曲毫机组(17)→8.摊凉回潮机(19)→9.曲毫机组(21)→10.烘干机(22)→11.风选机(23);
针芽型绿茶相对应的设备:1.摊青机(1)→2.鲜叶流量计(2)→3.杀青机(3)→4.摊凉回潮机(5)→5.理条机组(6)→6.冷却输送机(7)→7.理条压扁机组(8)→8.冷却输送机(12)→9.烘干机(22)→10.风选机(23);
循环滚炒型绿茶相对应的设备:1.摊青机(1)→2.鲜叶流量计(2)→3.杀青机(3)→4.摊凉回潮机(5)→5.揉捻机组(10)→6.热风解块机(11)→7.循环滚炒机组(18)→8.摊凉回潮机(19)→10.循环滚炒机组(20)→11.烘干机(22)→12风选机(23)。
根据工艺组合,该生产线可以加工三种茶叶。
所述的多功能生产线中加工三种茶叶可共用的设备为:摊青机(1)、鲜叶流量计(2)、杀青机(3)、摊凉回潮机(5)、烘干机(22)、风选机(23); 加工颗粒形绿茶和循环滚炒绿茶可共用的设备为:揉捻机组(10)、热风解块机(11)、摊凉回潮机(19);颗粒形绿茶专用的设备为曲毫机组(17)、(21),循环滚炒型绿茶专用的设备为循环滚炒机组(18)、(20),针芽型号绿茶专用的设备为理条机组(6)和理条压扁机组(8)。通过工艺的优化,该生产线设备共用率大于60%,与分别制作3条独立的生产线的成本相比节约了60%,设备安装场地减少了75%。
所述的多功能生产线采用模块化的方式进行组合,根据茶叶加工工艺要求主要有以下10个模块:鲜叶摊青模块、计量杀青模块、摊凉回潮模块、揉捻机组模块、曲毫做形模块、理条机组模块(CN104171093A)、理条压扁机组模块、循环滚炒模块、烘干模块、风选模块。每个模块既能独立使用也可以与其他模块组合成连续化的可加工不同类型茶叶加工生产线。其中计量杀青模块集合了茶叶流量控制装置(CN102415454A)、杀青机(3)和抽风排湿装置(25);揉捻机组模块根据生产线产能的要求可以由1台揉捻机或者多台揉捻机加计量装置组成,如是多台揉捻机则通过输送带输送到不同的揉捻机;循环滚炒模块由1台或多台炒干机加计量衔接装置(16)组成。
所述的生产线中热风解块工艺可以是将揉捻后的解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一,与传统的滚筒式烘二青工艺相比,既起到解块作用而且透气性和失水效果更好,有利于持茶叶色泽翠绿。
所述的生产线在加工颗粒形绿茶时,通过两次曲毫做形与精确水分控制,保证了颗粒形绿茶的条索紧、圆,颗粒状明显。
表一 工艺改进对比评判
Figure PCTCN2016107712-appb-000001
所述的生产线的控制系统可以配备数据采集与监控系统(SCADA),该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态参数,对数据异常进行报警, 状态参数与控制参数可以进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。如对杀青模块的温度监测,详见图3,如果杀青桶壁温度设定为T度,当偏差超过设定的最大偏差度数n时,燃烧系统自动关闭,当杀青桶壁降温到低于设定值的某个度数时,燃烧系统自动启动,n的设定根据工艺要求和燃烧系统硬件要求灵活设定。这种利用监测数据控制燃烧系统的方法简单实用,有效满足工艺要求的同时能大幅度降低控制系统的成本。
所述的生产线杀青工艺后、生产循环滚炒型绿茶时两次循环滚炒之间、生产颗粒型绿茶时两次曲毫做形之间均配置有摊凉回潮机,摊凉回潮机主要是使茶叶冷却后堆积、回软使茶叶水分均匀分布后再进行下一步工序,以保证茶叶色泽翠绿和失水比较均匀,也是茶叶香味品质的保证。
表二 工艺改进对比评判
Figure PCTCN2016107712-appb-000002
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例,而非对本发明的限制。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为生产线控制模块示意图;
图2为控制系统的数据采集与监控系统界面;
图3为实施例杀青温度监测变化曲线;
图4为实施例杀青温度监测变化曲线;
图5(a)和图5(b)为本发明的设备布置示意图;
图6为本发明工艺流程示意图,
图中标号说明:1-摊青机1、2-鲜叶流量计2、3-杀青机、4-冷却风选设备、5-摊凉回潮机、6-理条机组、7-冷却输送机、8-理条压扁机组、9-计量匀叶装置、10-揉捻机组、11-热风解块机、12-冷却输送机、13-振动槽、14-立式输送机、15-平面输送机、16-计量衔接装置、17-曲毫机组、18-循环滚炒机组、18-摊凉回潮机、20-循环滚炒机组、21-曲毫机组、22-烘干机、23-风选机、24-匀叶链条斜输、25-抽风排湿装置、26-平面输送机、27-斜面输送机、28-振动槽、29-立式提升机、30-平面输送机、31-翻斗式提升机、32-分料平输、33-分料平输机、34-匀叶布料机、35-翻斗式提升机、36-分料平输、37-平面输送机、38-分料平输、39-分料平输、40-平面输送、41-分料平输、42-匀叶计量称、43-翻斗式提升机、44-匀叶计量装置、45-振动槽、46-立式提升机、47-平面输送机、48-平面输送机、49-振动槽、50-平面输送机、51-平面输送机。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图和采用的茶叶加工工艺,通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
附图6为本发明工艺流程示意图,如图5(a)和图(b)所示为多功能加工生产线的整体布置图,下面具体说明该类型多功能生产线的一种实施案例。该生产线采用的颗粒型绿茶工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选。生产该类型茶叶时,鲜叶处理量100kg/h,24小时可生产约630kg干茶。在摊青机(1)中经过摊放好的鲜叶由平面输送机(26)、斜面输送机(27)送往鲜叶流量计(2)中投料,经过鲜叶流量计(2)使杀青机(3)瞬时杀青的鲜叶动态均衡,即每小时按设定的流量流到杀青机(3)中,杀青后的叶子直接落入冷却风选设备(4),经过风选取出老黄片、 残片以减轻后续精制压力,风选出料的茶叶经过振动槽(28)、立式提升机(29)、平面输送机(30)三者组合送往摊凉回潮机(5),摊凉回潮机(5)主要是使茶叶冷却后堆积、回软使茶叶水分均匀分布后再进行下一步工序,以保证茶叶色泽翠绿和失水比较均匀,也是茶叶香味品质的保证,摊凉回潮后茶叶又通过翻斗式提升机(31)送到分料平输(32)上,此时分料平输(32)正转,将茶叶送入匀叶计量称(9),经过额定计量的茶叶在达到设备重量后会自动送往由3台55揉捻机组成揉捻机组(10)进行揉捻作业,揉捻后茶叶经过匀叶链条斜输(24)送往热风解块机(11)进行解块打散和烘二青作业,解块后的茶叶通过冷却输送机(12)摊凉冷却后再经过振动槽(13)、立式提升机(14)和平面输送机(15)三者组合的输送设备送到平面输送机(50)上,此时平面输送机(50)正转,使茶叶经平面输送机(51)进入曲毫计量衔接装置(16)中进行定额计量称重,再经过正转的分料平输(38)及布置在曲毫机组上方的三层分料平输机(33)送往由4台84型全自动曲毫机组成的曲毫机组(17)中初次曲毫做形,做形适度时曲毫机自动出料,茶叶经过衔接设备送往布置在摊凉回潮机(19)上方的匀叶布料机(34),匀叶布料机(34)可以将茶叶均匀地摊放在摊凉回潮机上(19)上,摊茶厚度可通过调节匀叶布料机出料速度控制,摊凉堆放时间也可通过控制摊凉回潮机(19)的摊凉网带运行速度实现,回潮好的茶叶再经过翻斗式提升机(35)送到分料平输(36)中,此时分料平输(36)正转,茶叶送往平面输送机(37),再进入分料平输(39),分料平输(39)正转,茶叶通过平面输送机(40)流到分料平输(41),分料平输(41)此时正转,茶叶流入布置在曲毫机组(21)上方的匀叶计量称(42)上,定量计量后的茶叶经过分料平输送到由2台84型曲毫机组成的曲毫机组(21)中进行二次曲毫做形,做形达到要求后再通过由振动槽(45)、立式提升机(46)和平面输送机(47)组成的衔接设备将茶叶送到平面输送机(37)上,分料平输(39)正转,茶叶通过平面输送机(40)流到分料平输(41),分料平输(41)此时反转,茶叶进入烘干机(22)进行烘足干作业,烘干后的茶叶再通过翻斗式提升机(43)送到风选机(23)中进行最后的风选作业,由此,整个颗粒型绿茶加工过程全部完成。
循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。加工循环滚炒形绿茶时,鲜叶处理量120kg/h, 24小时可生产约750kg干茶。循环滚炒型绿茶加工过程中从摊青到曲毫前计量工艺过程及所需设备与颗粒型绿茶一样,此处不再赘述,后续过程如下:茶叶进入平面输送机(50),此时平面输送机(50)正转,茶叶经平面输送机(51)进入曲毫计量衔接装置(16)中进行定额计量称重,再经过的分料平输(38),此时分料平输(38)反转,茶叶进入循环滚炒机组(18)进行初次循环炒制,炒制适度后循环滚炒自动出料,茶叶经过衔接设备送往布置在摊凉回潮机(19)上方的匀叶布料机(34),匀叶布料机(34)可以将茶叶均匀地摊放在摊凉回潮机上(19)上,摊茶厚度可通过调节匀叶布料机出料速度控制,摊凉堆放时间也可通过控制摊凉回潮机(19)的摊凉网带运行速度实现,回潮好的茶叶再经过翻斗式提升机(35)送到分料平输(36)中,此时分料平输(36)反转,茶叶进入布置在循环滚炒机组(20)上方的匀叶计量装置(44)中,定量计量的茶叶进入循环滚炒机组(20)中进行二次循环炒制直至炒干成型,炒制达到要求后再通过由振动槽(45)、立式提升机(46)和平面输送机(47)组成的衔接设备将茶叶送到平面输送机(37)上,分料平输(39)正转,茶叶通过平面输送机(40)流到分料平输(41),分料平输(41)此时反转,茶叶进入烘干机(22)进行烘足干作业,烘干后的茶叶再通过翻斗式提升机(43)送到风选机(23)中进行最后的风选作业,由此,整个循环滚炒型绿茶加工过程全部完成。
针芽形绿茶的加工工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选。加工针芽形绿茶时,鲜叶处理量40kg/h,24小时可生产约250kg干茶。摊青到摊凉回潮工艺过程及所需设备与颗粒型绿茶、循环滚炒型绿茶一样,此处不再赘述,后续过程如下:摊凉回潮后茶叶通过翻斗式提升机(31)送到分料平输(32)上,此时分料平输(32)反转,茶叶通过平面输送机(48)进入理条机组(6)进行理条作业,理条作业完成后经振动槽(49)进入冷却输送机(7)进行冷却,再经过平面输送机送入理条压扁机组(8),经过二次理条及压扁后针芽型绿茶基本成型,后续再经过冷却输送机(12)、振动槽(13)、立式提升机(14)、平面输送机(15)送入到平面输送机(50)上,此时平面输送机(50)反转,茶叶经平面输送机(37)进入正转的平面输送机(39),茶叶通过平面输送机(40)流到分料平输(41),分料平输(41)此时反转,茶叶进入烘干机(22)进行烘足干作业,烘干后的茶叶再通过翻斗式提升机(43)送到风 选机(23)中进行最后的风选作业,由此,整个针芽型绿茶加工过程全部完成。
所述的鲜叶流量计(2)可以采用专利号为ZL2011205150350,专利名称为一种自动流量控制装置中披露的自动流量控制装置,它的作用是使杀青机瞬时杀青的鲜叶动态均衡,即每小时按设定的流量留到杀青机,确保杀青的效果。该设备由计量室、匀叶斜输和振动槽等组成。
该生产线采用的杀青机(3)是中国专利ZL201010577150.0,在传统杀青机的基础上进行自动化改造完成的,具体实现细节与公开的杀青机类似。根据设计的产能,该生产线采用的是80型杀青机。该杀青机的处理能力最大可达120kg/h。
摊凉回潮机(5)、(19)的作用主要是使茶叶冷却后堆积、回软使茶叶水分均匀分布后再进行下一步工序,以保证茶叶色泽翠绿和失水比较均匀,也是茶叶香味品质的保证;摊凉回潮机(5)、(19)上方均布置由如匀叶布料机(34),匀叶布料设备,匀叶布料机(34)的可以将茶叶均匀地摊放在摊凉回潮机上(5)、(19)上,摊茶厚度可通过调节匀叶布料机出料速度控制,摊凉堆放时间也可通过控制摊凉回潮机(5)、(19)的摊凉网带运行速度实现,这在加工不同类型绿茶时尤其重要,根据生产不同类型绿茶工艺调节控制不同的回潮厚度和时间。
揉捻的作用:①卷紧茶条,缩小体积,为炒干成条打好基础;②适当破坏叶组织,既要茶叶容易泡出,又要耐冲泡。该生产线采用的揉捻机组(5)是采用的是中国专利号ZL2011204605804,专利名称为:一种自动化揉捻机。根据设计产能,这里采用的揉捻机型号为3台55型揉捻机并联。揉捻前的匀叶储叶计量称(17)的作用是保证每次揉捻的茶叶重量达到预设要求,匀叶计量称(9)由储叶斜输和电子称组成。
茶叶完成揉捻工序后容易粘合成坨,需要通过热风解块机(11)进行解块打散,该热风解块机是将解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一,与传统的滚筒式烘二青工艺相比,既起到解块作用而且透气性和失水效果更好,有利于持茶叶色泽翠绿。
整个多功能生产线控制系统根据功能分为如下十大模块(如图1所示):鲜叶摊青模块、计量杀青模块、摊凉回潮模块、揉捻机组模块、曲毫做形模块(201520986484.1)、理条机组模块(CN104171093A)、理条压扁机组模块、 循环滚炒模块、烘干模块、风选模块,不同模块之间通过不同输送辅助设备衔接。控制系统的数据采集与监控系统界面如图2所示。茶叶加工工艺中的每个控制环节配置一个控制箱作为SCADA的下位机系统,控制箱内安装PLC和触摸屏以及操作按钮指示灯等。各控制箱通过现场总线进行联网,实现网络通信和数据共享;在控制中心配置主控台,安装通信网关,并配置工控机,在工控机上做组态,实现对整个生产线的中控。用户通过中心控制室的电脑组态可以监控到各个设备的实时运行工况,并可在线修改各控制环节的运行参数,也可对某执行机构进行实时控制。
生产线的控制系统配备数据采集与监控系统(SCADA),该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态参数,对数据异常进行报警,状态参数与控制参数可以进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。如对杀青模块的温度监测(图3),如果杀青桶壁温度设定为T=330度,最大偏差温度为n=10,当温度为340度,燃烧系统自动关闭,当杀青桶壁降温到低于320度,燃烧系统自动启动,n的设定根据工艺要求和燃烧系统硬件要求灵活设定,n的值太小温度控制精度,但点火系统频繁启停,缩短燃烧系统的寿命,n的值太大又无法满足工艺要求。
如对理条的温度设定根据工艺要求,理条的温度设定分为三个阶段:第一阶段为150度、第二阶段为120度、第三阶段为140度,设定温度与实际监测温度值曲线入图4所示,通过监测温度值与设定温度值的偏差变化控制理条机组模块的燃烧系统,保证了理条机组的温度变化在要求的范围内,从而满足茶叶加工工艺要求。
除非另外定义,此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制,而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明实施例的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明实施例揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明实施例的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多功能茶叶生产系统,包括:
    三种茶叶加工共用部分,即加工颗粒形绿茶、循环滚炒绿茶和针芽型号绿茶三种茶叶共用的设备部分,包括:摊青机(1)、鲜叶流量计(2)、杀青机(3)、摊凉回潮机(5,19)、烘干机(22)、风选机(23);
    除了所述三种茶叶加工共用部分之外,加工颗粒形绿茶和循环滚炒绿茶共用的部分,包括:揉捻机组(10)、热风解块机(11);
    颗粒形绿茶专用的设备,包括:曲毫机组(17,21);
    循环滚炒型绿茶专用的设备,包括:循环滚炒机组(18,20);
    针芽型号绿茶专用的设备,包括:理条机组(6)和理条压扁机组(8);以及
    控制系统,在控制系统的控制下,响应于生产所述三种茶叶中的特定茶叶的命令,与生产所述特定茶叶对应的设备自动连接,并进行所述特定茶叶的生产工艺。
  2. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,颗粒型绿茶工艺过程为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选。
  3. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,针芽形绿茶的加工工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选。
  4. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。
  5. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,循环滚炒机组由1台或多台炒干机加计量衔接装置(16)组成。
  6. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,揉捻机组由1台揉捻机或者多台揉捻机加计量装置(9)组成。
  7. 根据权利要求1的茶叶生产系统,控制系统配备数据采集与监控子系统,该子系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参 数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。
  8. 根据权利要求2或4的茶叶生产系统,所述热风解块步骤是将揉捻后的解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一。
  9. 一种利用权利要求1所述的茶叶生产系统来进行的多功能茶叶生产工艺,包括:在控制系统的控制下,响应于目前生产的茶叶的种类,利用三种茶叶加工的共用部分和每种茶叶加工的专用部分来进行对应茶叶的茶叶生产工艺,其中
    颗粒型绿茶工艺过程为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.曲毫做形→8.摊凉回潮→9.曲毫做形→10.烘干→11.风选;
    针芽形绿茶的加工工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉→4.连续理条→5.摊凉→6.连续理条压扁→7.摊凉→8.烘足干→9.风选;
    循环滚炒型绿茶采用的工艺为:1.摊青→2.杀青→3.摊凉回潮→4.揉捻→5.热风解块→6.摊凉→7.连续炒二青→8.摊凉回潮→9.连续炒干→10.烘足干→11.风选。
  10. 根据权利要求9的多功能茶叶生产工艺,控制系统配备数据采集与监控系统,该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据。
  11. 根据权利要求9的多功能茶叶生产工艺,所述热风解块步骤是将揉捻后的解块工艺与烘二青工艺合二为一。
  12. 一种权利要求1的多功能茶叶生产系统中使用的控制系统,包括:
    控制中心;
    针对茶叶生产工艺的各个模块对应配置的各个下位机,其中不同模块之间通过不同输送辅助设备衔接,各个下位机互相联网,能够进行网络通信;
    数据采集与监控系统,该系统能实时监控和采集生产线各设备模块的状态和控制参数,利用状态参数反馈进行设备控制,对数据异常进行报警,对状态参数与控制参数进行存储,为加工工艺的改进和产品加工过程的追溯提供基础数据;
    控制中心与各个下位机之间联网,实现网络通信和数据共享,用户通过控制中心能够监控到各个模块处设备的实时运行工况,并能够在线修改各控 制环节的运行参数,对执行机构进行实时控制,
    在控制系统的控制下,响应于生产加工颗粒形绿茶、循环滚炒绿茶和针芽型号绿茶三种茶叶中的特定茶叶的命令,与生产所述特定茶叶对应的设备自动连接,并进行所述特定茶叶的生产工艺。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的控制系统,其中所述控制中心配置有主控台,安装有通信网关,并配置有工控机,在工控机上做组态,实现对整个生产线的中控。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的控制系统,所述各个模块包括:鲜叶摊青模块、计量杀青模块、摊凉回潮模块、揉捻机组模块、曲毫做形模块、理条机组模块、理条压扁机组模块、循环滚炒模块、烘干模块、风选模块。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的控制系统,所述下位机配备有PLC、触摸屏、操作按钮和指示灯。
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