WO2017043383A1 - 圧電素子および圧電素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
圧電素子および圧電素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017043383A1 WO2017043383A1 PCT/JP2016/075433 JP2016075433W WO2017043383A1 WO 2017043383 A1 WO2017043383 A1 WO 2017043383A1 JP 2016075433 W JP2016075433 W JP 2016075433W WO 2017043383 A1 WO2017043383 A1 WO 2017043383A1
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- upper electrode
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- piezoelectric element
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 248
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQCCZSBUXOQGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Pb] Chemical compound [La].[Pb] PQCCZSBUXOQGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNSWULZVUKFJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[Bi] Chemical compound [Sr].[Bi] VNSWULZVUKFJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RZEADQZDBXGRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth lanthanum Chemical compound [La].[Bi] RZEADQZDBXGRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002115 bismuth titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/877—Conductive materials
- H10N30/878—Conductive materials the principal material being non-metallic, e.g. oxide or carbon based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/02—Forming enclosures or casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8561—Bismuth-based oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/875—Further connection or lead arrangements, e.g. flexible wiring boards, terminal pins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8548—Lead-based oxides
- H10N30/8554—Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
- H10N30/883—Additional insulation means preventing electrical, physical or chemical damage, e.g. protective coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric element and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric element.
- piezoelectric elements are known.
- the piezoelectric element is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-2015-026676.
- JP-A-2015-026676 discloses a piezoelectric element provided with a lower electrode formed on a substrate, a piezoelectric layer formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric layer.
- the lower electrode includes a first electrode formed of platinum and a second electrode formed of SRO (Strontium Ruthenate).
- the upper electrode also includes a third electrode formed by SRO and a fourth electrode formed by platinum. Further, when forming the second electrode and the third electrode, the film formation is performed in a state where the substrate is heated to 300 ° C. or more in order to set the orientation of the SRO crystal to a desired orientation.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a piezoelectric element capable of suppressing a decrease in performance due to use and such a piezoelectric element It is to provide a manufacturing method of
- the upper electrode is formed so as to include the first electrode layer formed of a metal oxide in which at least the boundary with the piezoelectric layer includes an amorphous portion.
- the piezoelectric element according to the first aspect of the present invention is a piezoelectric element incorporated into an electronic device, and includes a lower electrode formed on a substrate or an underlayer, and a piezoelectric layer formed on the lower electrode.
- the piezoelectric element of this invention is a piezoelectric element as a finished product except the intermediate product in the middle of piezoelectric element manufacture.
- the upper electrode includes the first electrode layer formed of a metal oxide in which at least the boundary with the piezoelectric layer includes an amorphous portion.
- the metal oxide of the first electrode layer contains strontium ruthenate.
- the boundary between the first electrode layer containing strontium ruthenate (SRO) and the piezoelectric layer is formed to include an amorphous part, thereby forming a piezoelectric layer formed of metal oxide. Since movement of oxygen to the second electrode layer can be effectively suppressed, reduction in the piezoelectric constant d 31 of the piezoelectric element can be effectively suppressed even after application of an alternating voltage for a predetermined time. Conceivable.
- the thickness of the first electrode layer is preferably 2 nm or more and 40 nm or less. According to this structure, by setting the first electrode layer to 2 nm or more, movement of oxygen from the piezoelectric layer formed of metal oxide to the second electrode layer can be effectively suppressed. In addition, by setting the first electrode layer to 40 nm or less, generation of cracks in the first electrode layer containing an amorphous metal oxide can be suppressed.
- the second electrode layer contains a reducing metal atom.
- the first electrode layer effectively transfers oxygen from the piezoelectric layer formed of the metal oxide to the second electrode layer even when a metal atom having reducibility is used for the upper electrode. Can be suppressed.
- a protective layer of 100 nm or more is provided on the first electrode layer. According to this structure, it is possible to effectively suppress the cracking of the first electrode layer containing the amorphous metal oxide.
- a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element comprises the steps of: forming a lower electrode on a substrate or an underlayer; forming a piezoelectric layer on the lower electrode; and forming an upper electrode on the piezoelectric layer And forming the upper electrode includes forming a first electrode layer formed of a metal oxide including at least an amorphous portion at least at the interface with the piezoelectric layer; Forming a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer under temperature conditions below the temperature at which the metal oxide crystallizes.
- the reduction in the piezoelectric constant d 31 of the piezoelectric element can be suppressed even after the application of an alternating voltage for a predetermined period of time.
- the upper electrode under a temperature condition lower than the temperature at which the metal oxide of the first electrode layer crystallizes, it is possible to suppress an increase in the relative dielectric constant of the piezoelectric element.
- the occurrence of noise due to the increase in the electric capacity of the piezoelectric element can be suppressed, so that even when the piezoelectric element is driven by feedback control, the control can be performed with high accuracy.
- all steps after the step of forming the upper electrode are performed under temperature conditions lower than the temperature at which the metal oxide of the first electrode layer is crystallized. It is configured to be According to this structure, it is possible to prevent the metal oxide of the first electrode layer from being crystallized in a later step.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the whole of a piezoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic which showed the principal part of the piezoelectric element by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a diagram for explaining a rate of change in piezoelectric constant d 31 according to examples and comparative examples. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship of the film-forming temperature and relative dielectric constant by an Example and a comparative example.
- the piezoelectric element 100 is configured to be used as an actuator.
- the piezoelectric element 100 is used as an actuator that performs feedback control and drives.
- the piezoelectric element 100 includes a substrate 1, a lower electrode 2, a piezoelectric layer 3, an upper electrode 4, an insulating layer 5, and a lead wire 6.
- the insulating layer 5 and the lead wiring 6 are examples of the "protective layer" in the claims.
- the substrate 1 includes a silicon substrate 11 and a silicon oxide layer 12 made of SiO 2 formed on the silicon substrate 11.
- the silicon oxide layer 12 is formed on the surface of the silicon substrate 11 by thermally oxidizing the silicon substrate 11.
- the substrate 1 has, for example, a thickness of about 300 ⁇ m or more and about 725 ⁇ m or less.
- the silicon oxide layer 12 has, for example, a thickness of about 100 nm or more and about 500 nm or less.
- the lower electrode 2 is formed on the substrate 1.
- the lower electrode 2 also includes a first lower electrode layer 21, a second lower electrode layer 22, and a third lower electrode layer 23. Specifically, the lower electrode 2 is formed by stacking the first lower electrode layer 21, the second lower electrode layer 22, and the third lower electrode layer 23 in order from the substrate 1 side.
- the first lower electrode layer 21 is formed of titanium (Ti).
- the first lower electrode layer 21 has, for example, a thickness of about 1 nm or more and about 20 nm or less.
- the second lower electrode layer 22 is formed of platinum (Pt). Also, the second lower electrode layer 22 has a thickness of, for example, about 50 nm or more and about 200 nm or less.
- the third lower electrode layer 23 is formed of a metal oxide.
- the third lower electrode layer 23 is formed of strontium ruthenate (SRO), lithium nickelate (LNO), ruthenium oxide (RuOx), iridium oxide (IrOx), LaSrCoO 3 or the like.
- the metal oxide of the third lower electrode layer 23 is crystallized. That is, the third lower electrode layer 23 has a function as a seed layer (seed crystal layer) for setting the crystal orientation of the piezoelectric layer 3 to a desired orientation.
- the third lower electrode layer 23 has, for example, a thickness of about 2 nm or more and about 40 nm or less.
- the piezoelectric layer 3 is formed on the lower electrode 2.
- the piezoelectric layer 3 is configured to be deformed by the application of a voltage.
- the piezoelectric layer 3 is formed of a ferroelectric.
- the piezoelectric layer 3 may be made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT (Pb (Zr, Ti) O 3 )), bismuth titanate (BTO (Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 )), bismuth lanthanum titanate (BLT (B , La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 )), strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT (SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 )), lanthanum lead zirconate titanate (PLZT ((PbLa) (ZrTi) O 3 )), etc. ing.
- the piezoelectric layer 3 has a thickness of, for example, about 0.75 ⁇ m or more and about 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the upper electrode 4 is formed on the piezoelectric layer 3. Further, the upper electrode 4 includes a first upper electrode layer 41, a second upper electrode layer 42, and a third upper electrode layer 43. Specifically, the upper electrode 4 is formed by stacking the first upper electrode layer 41, the second upper electrode layer 42, and the third upper electrode layer 43 in order from the piezoelectric layer 3 side.
- the first upper electrode layer 41, the second upper electrode layer 42, and the third upper electrode layer 43 are respectively the “first electrode layer”, the “second electrode layer”, and the “third electrode layer” in the claims. Is an example of The second upper electrode layer 42 and the third upper electrode layer 43 are each an example of the “protective layer” in the claims.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed of a metal oxide.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed of strontium ruthenate (SRO), lithium nickelate (LNO), ruthenium oxide (RuOx), iridium oxide (IrOx), LaSrCoO 3 or the like.
- the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 is in an amorphous state (non-crystalline state). That is, in the first upper electrode layer 41, at least the boundary with the piezoelectric layer 3 is formed of a metal oxide including an amorphous part.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 is provided to suppress the reaction between the second upper electrode layer 42 and the piezoelectric layer 3.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 has a function as a barrier layer that suppresses oxygen in the piezoelectric layer 3 from moving to the second upper electrode layer 42.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 has a thickness of about 2 nm or more and about 10 nm or less, for example. It is preferable to form it. That is, when providing Ti as the second upper electrode layer 42, if the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is smaller than about 2 nm, it is not possible to prevent deoxidation of the piezoelectric layer 3 (for example, PZT) by Ti. . In addition, when the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is larger than about 10 nm, the possibility of the first upper electrode layer 41 being broken becomes high.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 is more preferably formed to a thickness of about 2 nm or more and about 5 nm or less, and generation of cracks is further reduced by setting the thickness to about 5 nm or less.
- the protective layer is a layer above the first upper electrode layer 41. That is, the protective layer includes the second upper electrode layer 42, the third upper electrode layer 43, the insulating layer 5, and the lead-out wire 6.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 may have a thickness of, for example, about 2 nm or more and about 40 nm or less when the thickness of the protective layer is large (for example, when the thickness of the protective layer is more than about 20 nm and about 1000 nm or less). It is preferable to form the That is, when the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is larger than about 40 nm, the possibility of cracking increases even if the protective layer is thick. Furthermore, the first upper electrode layer 41 is more preferably formed to a thickness of about 2 nm or more and about 20 nm or less, and generation of cracks is further reduced by setting the thickness to about 20 nm or less. When Ti is provided as the second upper electrode layer 42, the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed to have a thickness larger than that of the second upper electrode layer 42.
- the second upper electrode layer 42 is formed of titanium (Ti).
- the second upper electrode layer 42 formed of Ti has a role as an adhesion layer.
- gold (Au) is used for the third upper electrode layer 43, it effectively functions as an adhesion layer.
- the second upper electrode layer 42 has, for example, a thickness of about 1 nm or more and about 20 nm or less.
- the third upper electrode layer 43 is formed of gold (Au).
- the third upper electrode layer 43 has, for example, a thickness of about 50 nm or more and about 500 nm or less.
- the insulating layer 5 is provided to electrically insulate the lower electrode 2 and the lead wire 6 as shown in FIG. Further, the insulating layer 5 is disposed so as to cover the lower electrode 2, the piezoelectric layer 3 and the upper electrode 4. Insulating layer 5 is formed of, for example, silicon oxide (SiO 2 ).
- the lead wire 6 is connected to be able to supply power to the upper electrode 4.
- the lead-out wiring 6 is connected to cover the upper electrode 4 in the open portion of the insulating layer 5. That is, the upper electrode 4 is covered by the insulating layer 5 and the lead-out wire 6.
- the insulating layer 5 and the lead-out wiring 6 have a function as a protective film that suppresses the occurrence of a crack in the upper electrode 4 when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element 100.
- the method of manufacturing the piezoelectric element 100 includes the steps of thermally oxidizing the surface of the substrate 1, forming the lower electrode 2 on the substrate 1, forming the piezoelectric layer 3 on the lower electrode 2, and forming the piezoelectric layer 3 on the piezoelectric layer 3. And the step of forming the insulating layer 5 and the lead-out wiring 6 on the upper electrode 4.
- the silicon (Si) substrate 11 constituting the substrate 1 is thermally oxidized at a temperature of about 700 ° C. to form a silicon oxide layer 12 of SiO 2 on the surface of the silicon substrate 11. Be done.
- the first lower electrode layer 21, the second lower electrode layer 22 and the third lower electrode layer 23 of the lower electrode 2 are sequentially stacked by sputtering. At this time, the substrate 1 is heated to about 500.degree. Thereby, the metal oxide of the third lower electrode layer 23 is crystallized.
- a ferroelectric material is stacked on the third lower electrode layer 23 of the lower electrode 2 by sputtering. At this time, the substrate 1 is heated to about 500.degree. Thereby, a crystal having a perovskite structure is laminated as the piezoelectric layer 3.
- the step of forming the upper electrode 4 on the piezoelectric layer 3 includes the step of forming a first upper electrode layer 41 formed of a metal oxide including at least a portion having an amorphous shape at least at the boundary with the piezoelectric layer 3; Forming a second upper electrode layer 42 on the first upper electrode layer 41 under a temperature condition lower than a temperature at which the metal oxide of the upper electrode layer 41 crystallizes; and a metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 Forming a third upper electrode layer 43 on the second upper electrode layer 42 under a temperature condition lower than a temperature at which Y. crystallizes.
- the first upper electrode layer 41, the second upper electrode layer 42 and the third upper electrode layer 43 of the upper electrode 4 are sequentially stacked by sputtering.
- the substrate 1 is not heated. That is, the step of forming the upper electrode 4 on the piezoelectric layer 3 is performed at about 80 ° C. or less. Thereby, the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 becomes amorphous without being crystallized. Also in the subsequent steps, heat (for example, heat of 300 ° C. or more) that crystallizes the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 is not applied. That is, all steps after the step of forming the upper electrode 4 are configured to be performed under temperature conditions lower than the temperature at which the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 is crystallized.
- the insulating layer 5 and the lead wiring 6 on the upper electrode 4 are formed on the upper electrode 4. Then, the lead wiring 6 is formed on the insulating layer 5.
- the piezoelectric element 100 is manufactured.
- the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 is crystalline. It is manufactured or driven so that it does not become higher than the
- the upper electrode 4 includes the first upper electrode layer 41 formed of a metal oxide including at least a boundary portion with the piezoelectric layer 3 including an amorphous portion, whereby an AC voltage is obtained. It is possible to suppress the decrease of the piezoelectric constant d 31 of the piezoelectric element 100 even after applying a predetermined time. Thereby, the performance of the piezoelectric element 100 can be suppressed from being reduced by use.
- the metal oxide of the first upper electrode layer 41 contains strontium ruthenate.
- a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element 100 to drive by forming the boundary portion of the first upper electrode layer 41 including strontium ruthenate (SRO) with the piezoelectric layer 3 so as to include an amorphous portion.
- SRO strontium ruthenate
- the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric element 100 can be maintained even after applying an alternating voltage for a predetermined time. It is considered that the decrease of d 31 can be effectively suppressed.
- the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed to be larger than the thickness of the second upper electrode layer 42.
- the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 formed between the piezoelectric layer 3 and the second upper electrode layer 42 can be increased. The movement of oxygen to the electrode layer 42 can be effectively suppressed.
- the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed to be 2 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the thickness of the first upper electrode layer 41 is formed to be 2 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- the second upper electrode layer 42 of the upper electrode 4 is formed of, for example, titanium having reducibility.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 is effective in moving oxygen from the piezoelectric layer 3 formed of metal oxide to the second upper electrode layer 42. Can be suppressed.
- the second upper electrode layer 42 containing an element having reducibility chromium, tungsten, a compound thereof, or the like can be used in addition to the above-described titanium.
- a protective layer of 100 nm or more is provided on the first upper electrode layer 41.
- the experimental result which evaluated the piezoelectric element 100 by this embodiment is demonstrated.
- the first upper electrode layer 41 of the upper electrode 4 is formed by SRO.
- the upper electrode includes an amorphous metal oxide electrode (first upper electrode layer 41) and a metal electrode (second upper electrode layer 42 and third upper electrode layer 43).
- the piezoelectric element of Comparative Example 1 includes a metal oxide electrode in which the upper electrode is crystallized, and a metal electrode.
- the piezoelectric element of Comparative Example 2 uses only a metal electrode as the upper electrode. The other configurations are the same as in Example, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 a 500 Hz sine wave AC voltage (AC voltage) of 0-45 V was applied to the piezoelectric element.
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 piezoelectric constant in the direction along the electrode surface was measured at each time after application of the AC voltage, and the change rate was calculated using the value before application of the AC voltage as a reference (100%).
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 does not substantially change from immediately after the application of the AC voltage until 5 hours have elapsed.
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 decreases after 3 hours have elapsed since the AC voltage was applied.
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 decreased immediately after the application of the AC voltage, and measurement became impossible after 1 hour.
- the metal oxide electrode (first upper electrode layer 41) of the upper electrode was deposited at a temperature of about 25 ° C.
- the metal oxide electrode of the upper electrode was formed at about 450 ° C.
- the metal oxide electrode of the upper electrode was formed at about 500 ° C.
- the relative dielectric constant was about 880.
- the relative dielectric constant was about 1050.
- the relative dielectric constant was about 1650. That is, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 in which the metal oxide electrode is crystallized, it is understood that the relative dielectric constant is increased. It was also found that by making the metal oxide electrode of the upper electrode amorphous, it is possible to suppress an increase in the relative dielectric constant.
- the piezoelectric element may be used as a device for converting a voltage other than an actuator into a force.
- the piezoelectric element may be used as a device for converting force into voltage.
- a piezoelectric element may be used as a sensor.
- the base film may be provided on the substrate and the lower electrode may be formed on the base film.
- the example of the structure by which the 1st upper electrode layer (1st electrode layer) of an upper electrode is formed with the amorphous-like metal oxide was shown in the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this.
- at least the boundary between the first electrode layer of the upper electrode and the piezoelectric layer may include a portion of amorphous metal oxide.
- the example of the structure by which the 1st upper electrode layer (1st electrode layer) of an upper electrode is formed with the amorphous-like metal oxide was shown in the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this.
- heat may be applied by laser irradiation to locally crystallize a part of the first electrode layer of the upper electrode. Thereby, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of the crack in the upper electrode at the time of driving the piezoelectric element.
- the second electrode layer of the upper electrode may be made of other than titanium.
- the second electrode layer of the upper electrode may be formed of platinum (Pt).
- an SRO layer and a PT layer may be provided in order from the piezoelectric layer side.
- an SRO layer, a PT layer, a Ti layer, and an Au layer may be provided in order from the piezoelectric layer side.
- an SRO layer, a Ti layer, and an Au layer may be provided in order from the piezoelectric layer side.
- an SRO layer, a PT layer, and an Au layer may be provided in order from the piezoelectric layer side as the upper electrode.
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Abstract
Description
図1および図2を参照して、本発明の一実施形態による圧電素子100の構成について説明する。
本実施形態では、以下のような効果を得ることができる。
次に、図3および図4を参照して、本実施形態による圧電素子100の評価を行った実験結果(実施例)について説明する。なお、図3および図4に示す実施例では、上部電極4の第1上部電極層41は、SROにより形成されている。
なお、今回開示された実施形態および実施例は、すべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記した実施形態および実施例の説明ではなく特許請求の範囲によって示され、さらに特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更(変形例)が含まれる。
2 下部電極
3 圧電層
4 上部電極
5 絶縁層(保護層)
6 引出配線(保護層)
41 第1上部電極層(第1電極層)
42 第2上部電極層(第2電極層、保護層)
43 第3上部電極層(第3電極層、保護層)
100 圧電素子
Claims (7)
- 電子機器に組み込まれる圧電素子であって、
基板上または下地膜上に形成された下部電極と、
前記下部電極上に形成された圧電層と、
前記圧電層上に形成された上部電極とを備え、
前記上部電極は、少なくとも前記圧電層との境界部がアモルファス状の部分を含む金属酸化物により形成された第1電極層と、前記第1電極層上に形成された第2電極層とを含む、圧電素子。 - 前記第1電極層の金属酸化物は、ルテニウム酸ストロンチウムを含む、請求項1に記載の圧電素子。
- 前記第1電極層の厚さは、2nm以上40nm以下である、請求項1に記載の圧電素子。
- 前記第2電極層は、還元性のある金属原子を含む、請求項3に記載の圧電素子。
- 前記第1電極層上には、100nm以上の保護層が設けられている、請求項1に記載の圧電素子。
- 基板上または下地膜上に下部電極を形成する工程と、
前記下部電極上に圧電層を形成する工程と、
前記圧電層上に上部電極を形成する工程とを備え、
前記上部電極を形成する工程は、少なくとも前記圧電層との境界部がアモルファス状の部分を含む金属酸化物により形成された第1電極層を形成する工程と、前記第1電極層の前記金属酸化物が結晶化する温度未満の温度条件下により、前記第1電極層上に第2電極層を形成する工程とを含む、圧電素子の製造方法。 - 前記上部電極を形成する工程の後の全ての工程は、前記第1電極層の前記金属酸化物が結晶化する温度未満の温度条件下で行われるように構成されている、請求項6に記載の圧電素子の製造方法。
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WO2022024529A1 (ja) | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 圧電膜付き基板及び圧電素子 |
DE112022003096T5 (de) | 2021-08-27 | 2024-04-18 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Verbundsubstrat und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundsubstrats |
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