WO2017038711A1 - 免疫学的測定用試薬組成物およびその用途 - Google Patents
免疫学的測定用試薬組成物およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038711A1 WO2017038711A1 PCT/JP2016/075055 JP2016075055W WO2017038711A1 WO 2017038711 A1 WO2017038711 A1 WO 2017038711A1 JP 2016075055 W JP2016075055 W JP 2016075055W WO 2017038711 A1 WO2017038711 A1 WO 2017038711A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54393—Improving reaction conditions or stability, e.g. by coating or irradiation of surface, by reduction of non-specific binding, by promotion of specific binding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
- G01N33/54387—Immunochromatographic test strips
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/72—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood pigments, e.g. haemoglobin, bilirubin or other porphyrins; involving occult blood
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reagent composition for immunological measurement and its use.
- test strips based on the immunochromatography method are used as in vitro diagnostic agents.
- the immunochromatography method does not require the preparation of a reagent at the time of testing, and a test sample (hereinafter also simply referred to as “sample”) such as blood, urine, or fecal suspension is placed on the test strip (if necessary). It is possible to detect an object in a sample with a simple operation such as dropping directly (after passing through a filtration filter), which is very useful for analyzing a detection object simply and quickly. is there.
- test strip based on the immunochromatography method
- test strip is generally a porous membrane including a sample supply unit, a labeling reagent holding unit, a chromatographic medium, and a detection unit
- a labeling reagent such as a labeled antibody against the detection target is held so that it can be eluted and developed at the development start site of the chromatographic medium so that it can reach the detection part after passing through the chromatographic medium after contacting the sample.
- An antibody or the like is immobilized on a part of the structure to constitute a detection unit.
- the detection target in the sample specifically binds to the labeled antibody to form a complex.
- the complex develops the chromatographic medium in the downstream direction and further binds to the immobilized antibody.
- the labeling substance constituting the labeling reagent is gold colloid particles, and qualitative detection is possible by the red line by the gold colloid particles.
- norovirus and rotavirus may become severe in children and the elderly, and in virus detection, in order to prevent the spread of infection and enable early determination of treatment policy and isolation measures, measurement in a short time Is required.
- an immunological measurement method such as an immunochromatography method
- Patent Document 1 a method in which a specific component is contained in a solution when a sample or a labeled antibody is developed on a solid phase (for example, Patent Document 1), or a reagent for preparing a solid phase for immobilizing an antibody (for example, a patent) Document 2), a method for suppressing nonspecific reaction by heterophilic antibodies (for example, Patent Document 3) and the like have been proposed.
- a method for suppressing a non-specific reaction particularly when a stool sample is used a method of filtering a sample with a filter including a rigid filter as a solid contaminant is a non-specific substance (for example, Patent Document 4), In the presence of a metal ion masking agent, a method for treating a sample with a buffer whose pH is adjusted (for example, Patent Document 5), and a technique for suppressing a non-specific reaction caused by a filtration operation using a filter medium. There is a method of performing an immune reaction (for example, Patent Document 6).
- the present invention suppresses the progress of non-specific reactions and the accompanying false positives while minimizing the decrease in reactivity with the detection target in an immunoassay using stool as a sample. It is an object of the present invention to provide a possible means.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, in an immunological measurement method using stool as a sample, it was found that the above problem can be solved by bringing the stool sample into contact with an oxidizing agent before reaching the detection unit, and the present invention has been completed. It was.
- a reagent composition for use in an immunological measurement method using a stool sample which contains an oxidizing agent.
- the sample supply unit, the chromatographic medium located on the downstream side of the sample supply unit, and a metal colloid positioned on a part of the chromatographic medium are labeled.
- a detection including a labeling reagent holding part in which an anti-detection target antibody (labeling reagent) is leached and a part of the chromatographic medium and located downstream of the labeling reagent holding part
- a test strip comprising a reagent composition according to the above-described form.
- the sample supply unit, the chromatographic medium positioned downstream of the sample supply unit, and a metal colloid positioned in a part of the chromatographic medium are labeled.
- a labeled reagent holding part that holds the anti-detection target antibody (labeled reagent) so as to be eluted, and an immobilized antibody that is a part of the chromatographic medium and is located downstream of the labeled reagent holding part There is also provided a method for detecting or quantifying a detection target in a stool sample by an immunological measurement method using a test strip having a detection unit, the method using the reagent composition according to the above-described embodiment. Is done.
- a method for suppressing a non-specific reaction in an immunological measurement method comprising a step of bringing the reagent composition according to the above-described form into contact with a stool sample.
- the decrease in reactivity with a detection target is minimized, and the progression of non-specific reactions and the accompanying occurrence of false positives are suppressed. It becomes possible to do.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunochromatography kit for detecting norovirus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a reagent composition used in an immunological measurement method using a stool sample, which is a reagent composition containing an oxidizing agent.
- the reagent composition according to this embodiment is used for immunological measurement of stool samples.
- the reagent composition may be contained in a solution such as an extraction solution or a developing solution for extracting a stool sample, or may be contained in a dry state on a member that comes into contact with the sample, such as a pad or a filtration filter.
- the “immunological measurement method” is a method for detecting and quantifying a detection target using a substance (for example, an antibody or an antigen) that specifically binds to the detection target as a measurement target.
- an immunological measurement method typically includes an immunochromatography method (preferably a sandwich type immunochromatography method described later), but other ELISA methods, latex agglutination methods, immunoturbidimetric methods, etc. are used. May be.
- an immunoassay can be performed using an antibody that specifically recognizes the detection target.
- the specific form of the antibody is not particularly limited.
- an antiserum prepared from the serum of an animal immunized with the detection target a polyclonal antibody obtained from an immunoglobulin fraction purified from the antiserum, Monoclonal antibodies obtained by cell fusion using spleen cells of animals immunized with the analyte, or fragments thereof [eg, F (ab ′) 2 , Fab, Fab ′, or Fv] can be used. .
- These antibodies can be prepared by a known method.
- a sandwich immunoassay that forms a monoclonal antibody-antigen-monoclonal antibody complex is preferred.
- the detection target is an antibody (that is, an immunoglobulin molecule against a specific antigen)
- an immunological measurement method using a substance (antigen) specifically recognized by the antibody or an antibody against the immunoglobulin molecule can be implemented.
- an immunological assay can be performed using a lectin protein or the like in addition to an antibody against the sugar.
- the specific form of the “stool sample” is not particularly limited as long as it is a sample derived from stool, and the stool derived therefrom may be any of hard stool, normal stool, soft stool, diarrhea stool, watery stool, etc. There may be.
- the stool sample usually contains about 60% by mass of water and about 40% by mass of food residue, intestinal mucosal cells, intestinal bacteria, etc., but the stool sample is excreted without being absorbed into the body among biological samples. It has a specific property that it contains a large amount of components, a large amount of solid impurities, and a variety of components, shapes, pH, and the like depending on the discharged state.
- the presence / absence of a detection target is determined (detected), and if a detection target is present, the amount of the target is measured (quantified).
- the “detection target” is not particularly limited as long as it can be contained in a stool sample.
- detection objects include viruses (for example, norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, etc.), bacteria (for example, Shigella, Salmonella, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, etc.) or colon cancer screening. Examples include fecal occult blood.
- the substance (antigen) that is specifically recognized by the anti-detection target antibody is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that specifically exists in each of the above-described detection targets, and includes proteins, peptides, antigens, and antibodies.
- it may be a nucleic acid, a sugar (particularly, a sugar part of a glycoprotein, a sugar part of a glycolipid, etc.), a complex carbohydrate or the like.
- the specific form of the oxidizing agent contained in the reagent composition according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is an oxidizing agent that can achieve the effects of the present invention, and conventionally known oxidizing agents can be used.
- the oxidizing agent contained in the reagent composition according to the present embodiment oxidizes some component that is contained in the stool sample and causes non-specific reaction.
- examples of oxidants include, for example, from the group consisting of halogen oxoacid salts, salts of transition metal complexes, peroxides, organomercury compounds, permanganates, chromates, oxidases, nitrites, and superoxides.
- the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected are mentioned.
- halogen oxoacid salts for example, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, hypobromite, bromine acid, bromic acid, perbromic acid, hypoiodic acid, iodic acid, iodine Acids, and alkali metal salts of periodic acid, alkaline earth metal salts, and ammonium salts, especially alkali metal salts of iodic acid and periodic acid (eg, potassium iodate, sodium iodate, periodic acid Potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (eg, calcium iodate), and ammonium salts (eg, ammonium iodate) are preferred.
- alkali metal salts of iodic acid and periodic acid eg, potassium iodate, sodium iodate, periodic acid Potassium
- alkaline earth metal salts eg, calcium iodate
- ammonium salts eg, ammonium iodate
- Examples of the salt of the transition metal complex include alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and ferricyanide salts of ammonium salts, and potassium ferricyanide is particularly preferable.
- peroxide examples include organic peroxides, and urea peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are particularly preferable.
- Thimerosal is preferred as the organic mercury compound.
- permanganate examples include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal permanganate, and potassium permanganate is particularly preferable.
- oxidase examples include glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, choline oxidase, glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, sarcosine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uricase, with glucose oxidase being particularly preferred.
- the oxidase functions as an oxidoreductase for the substrate present in the stool, and the generated hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent.
- potassium iodate one or two selected from the group consisting of potassium iodate, potassium periodate and potassium ferricyanide from the viewpoint of being particularly excellent in the suppression of non-specific reactions and the effect of suppressing the occurrence of false positives associated therewith. It is particularly preferable that more than one species is used as the oxidizing agent, and potassium iodate is most preferable from the viewpoint of the visibility of the measurement result and the effect of suppressing the nonspecific reaction to the concentration.
- the oxidizing agent contained in the reagent composition according to the present embodiment has a redox potential of 100 mV or higher when defined from the viewpoint of redox potential.
- the oxidation-reduction potential of the oxidizing agent is measured by the following method. Further, the value of the oxidation-reduction potential is more preferably 200 mV or more, further preferably 300 mV or more, and particularly preferably 400 mV or more.
- the upper limit value of the oxidation-reduction potential of the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, but is usually 900 mV or less, preferably 500 mV or less.
- Oxidation-reduction potential measurement method An oxidizing agent is dissolved in purified water to prepare 10 mL of a 10 mM solution. The resulting solution is measured for redox potential using a 3.33 mol / L KCl—Ag / AgCl electrode.
- the oxidizing agent can be contained in various forms.
- the immunological measurement method is an immunochromatography method
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunochromatography kit for detecting norovirus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the test strip 100 has a test strip 100 as the main body of the kit.
- the test strip 100 has a plastic adhesive sheet 110 as a lowermost layer, and an antibody-immobilized membrane 120 as a chromatographic medium (insoluble carrier; stationary phase) is laminated on the adhesive sheet 110.
- an antibody-immobilized membrane 120 as a chromatographic medium (insoluble carrier; stationary phase) is laminated on the adhesive sheet 110.
- chromatographic medium insoluble carrier; stationary phase
- a labeling reagent holding pad 130 (labeling reagent holding part) is further laminated on the upstream side of the antibody-immobilized membrane 120.
- a sample pad 140 (sample supply unit) is further stacked on the labeling reagent holding pad 130.
- the labeled reagent holding pad 130 is a labeled antibody in which an anti-norovirus antibody (for example, an anti-norovirus GI mouse monoclonal antibody and an anti-norovirus GII mouse monoclonal antibody) that is an anti-detection target antibody is immobilized on the surface of colloidal gold particles. (Labeling reagent) is retained so that it can be eluted.
- an anti-norovirus antibody for example, an anti-norovirus GI mouse monoclonal antibody and an anti-norovirus GII mouse monoclonal antibody
- a test line 122 detection unit
- a control line 124 control unit
- an absorption pad 150 is laminated on the downstream side of the control line 124.
- the immunochromatography kit 10 includes, in addition to the test strip 100 which is the main body of the kit, a filtration filter 200 for filtering a sample before being supplied to the sample pad 140 (sample supply unit), and a solution for extracting the sample. Alternatively, a developing solution 300 is provided.
- the immunochromatography kit 10 may further include other components (for example, an instruction manual, a specimen collection instrument, a specimen extraction container, etc.) as necessary.
- the test strip 100 is preferably housed and mounted in a plastic housing (not shown) (having a sample supply window portion and a detection window portion), and is in the form of an immunochromatographic test device.
- the stool sample is mixed with the extraction solution in a container such as a stool collection container or a microtube, and the resulting suspension is used.
- a sample in the form of a filtered product is obtained.
- the filtration filter 200 may be used as a member different from the container, or may be used as a member integrated with the lid of the container.
- the suspension is discharged from the container and at the same time a filtration process is performed to obtain a sample in the form of a filtered product.
- the filtration operation can be easily performed.
- the sample in the form of the filtered product obtained above is dropped onto the sample pad 140, the sample in the form of the filtered product functions as a developing solution, and after passing through the sample pad 140, is passed to the labeling reagent holding pad 130. And move.
- a detection target for example, norovirus
- the anti-norovirus antibody constituting the labeling reagent and the norovirus in the sample are moved when the sample moves through the labeling reagent holding pad 130 by capillary action.
- a complex gold colloid particle-anti-norovirus antibody-norovirus (antigen) complex
- This complex further moves downstream in the antibody-immobilized membrane 120 together with the sample by capillary action.
- a test line 122 detection unit
- an anti-norovirus antibody that is an anti-detection target antibody immobilized on the test line 122 is included in the complex.
- An antigen-antibody reaction occurs between the norovirus (antigen) and the norovirus (antigen) is immobilized on two anti-norovirus antibodies (an antibody (immobilized in colloidal gold particles) constituting the labeling reagent) and a test line.
- Sandwich complex formed so as to be sandwiched between the two antibodies.
- the sandwich complex since one antibody constituting the sandwich complex is immobilized on the test line 122, the sandwich complex remains on the test line 122, and the red line is formed by the accumulation of colloidal gold particles. Present. This line makes it possible to visually confirm the presence of the detection target (norovirus) in the sample. Note that if the detection target (Norovirus) is not present in the sample, an antigen-antibody complex is not formed by the antigen and the antibody constituting the labeling reagent, and a sandwich complex in the test line is not formed. There is no red line on the test line.
- test line 122 detection unit
- a colloidal gold color for example, red to reddish brown
- the anti-norovirus antibody-bound gold colloid (labeling reagent) that did not participate in the reaction is captured by the anti-immunoglobulin antibody immobilized on the control line 124 (control part). Thereby, since the control line 124 exhibits a red line, it is confirmed that the reaction on the test strip 100 has proceeded normally.
- the use form of the kit has been described in detail by taking the case of using the extraction solution 300 when using the kit as an example.
- the developing solution 300 is used instead of the extraction solution, for example, on the sample pad 140
- the developing solution 300 is dropped onto the sample, so that the filtered product similar to that described above is supplied to the sample pad 140. Since the subsequent behavior is the same as described above, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the reagent composition containing the oxidizing agent according to the above-described form can be contained in the following various forms in an immunological measurement kit (immunochromatography kit).
- immunological measurement kit immunological measurement kit
- the test strip 100 contains an oxidant, and all of the tests are performed on the antibody-immobilized membrane 120 (chromatographic medium) from the sample pad (sample supply unit).
- An oxidizing agent is contained in any part up to the upstream of the line 122 (detection unit).
- the sample or the mixture of the filtered product and the extraction solution or the developing solution is in contact with the oxidizing agent upstream of the test line 122 (detection unit). become. Thereby, the non-specific reaction resulting from some component contained in the stool sample is suppressed by the presence of the oxidizing agent. As a result, the occurrence of false positives can be suppressed.
- the forms (1) to (4) in which the contact between the mixture and the oxidizing agent is performed upstream of the antibody-immobilized membrane 120 are preferable.
- the form of (1) to (3), in which the contact with the agent is performed upstream of the labeling reagent holding pad 130, is more preferable.
- the form (1) or (4) is more preferable, and the reaction between the oxidant and the sample can be caused to proceed uniformly. From the viewpoint, the form (1) is most preferable.
- immunological measurement kit immunological measurement kit
- the extraction solution and the developing solution include a buffer solution composed of a buffer agent and a solvent (usually water).
- a buffering agent a buffering agent that can be adjusted to a pH suitable for the intended immune reaction is used.
- the pH of the buffer solution is preferably 5 to 10.
- a commonly used buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer solution, a Tris buffer solution, or a Good buffer solution may be used.
- Good buffers such as HEPES and PIPES are preferable.
- sodium chloride or the like may be added to the extraction solution and the developing solution, and a known additive may be further added.
- a protein for example, bovine serum albumin, casein, gelatin, etc.
- a polymer compound for example, polyethylene glycol, dextran, methylcellulose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- nonionic surfactants eg Tween® 20, Triton® X-100
- ionic surfactants or polyanions eg dextran sulfate, heparin, polystyrene sulfonic acid
- Hyaluronic acid chondroitin sulfate, etc.
- salts thereof sodium azide as an antibacterial agent, long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, and the like.
- the lower limit of the oxidizing agent concentration in these solutions is preferably 0.05 mM or more, more preferably 0.1 mM or more, and further preferably. Is 1 mM or more, most preferably 2.5 mM or more.
- the lower limit of the oxidizing agent concentration is preferably 1 mM or more, and when glucose oxidase that generates hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent is used, the oxidizing agent concentration
- the lower limit is preferably 5 units / mL or more, more preferably 10 units / mL or more, and still more preferably 100 units / mL or more.
- the upper limit of the oxidizing agent concentration is preferably 100 mM or less, more preferably 10 mM or less, even more preferably 4 mM or less, and most preferably, from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution and inhibition of immune reaction. 3 mM or less.
- the upper limit of glucose oxidase is preferably 2000 units / mL or less, more preferably 1000 units / mL or less.
- the upper limit of the oxidizing agent concentration is preferably 10 mM or less, and more preferably 1 mM or less, from the viewpoint of immune reaction inhibition.
- the main phase of the antibody-immobilized membrane 120 is an insoluble carrier made of a porous material that functions as a chromatographic medium (stationary phase) for immunochromatography.
- the porous material that is a constituent material of the antibody-immobilized membrane 120 include porous materials such as a nitrocellulose membrane, a cellulose membrane, an acetylcellulose membrane, a polysulfone membrane, a polyethersulfone membrane, a nylon membrane, a glass fiber, a nonwoven fabric, and a cloth.
- a nitrocellulose membrane is particularly preferably used. Note that the moving speed of the dropped sample on the membrane 120 can be changed depending on the material and size of the membrane, and a speed suitable for the measurement of the detection target can be set.
- sample pad 140 functions as a sample supply unit. However, the sample pad 140 can not only receive a sample dropped after passing through the filtration filter 200 but can also function to filter insoluble particles in the sample. Examples of the constituent material of the sample pad 140 include materials having uniform characteristics such as cellulose filter paper, glass fiber, polyurethane, polyacetate, cellulose acetate, nylon, and cotton cloth.
- the labeling reagent holding pad 130 functions as a labeling reagent holding part that holds the labeling reagent as described above.
- Examples of the constituent material of the labeling reagent holding pad 130 include cellulose filter paper, glass fiber, and nonwoven fabric, and glass fiber is preferably used.
- the labeling reagent held by the labeling reagent holding pad 130 is a complex of a substance that specifically binds to the detection target and an appropriate labeling substance.
- the “substance that specifically binds to the detection target” includes, when the detection target is an antibody, a substance (antigen) that the antibody specifically recognizes or an antibody against an immunoglobulin molecule.
- the detection target is a substance having antigenicity
- an anti-detection target antibody preferably a monoclonal antibody
- colored particles are preferable.
- metal particles such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or metal colloids; metal oxide particles such as iron oxide or metal oxide colloids; selenium, tellurium, sulfur Or non-metallic particles such as colored latex particles including those colored with a dye or the like, and gold colloid is particularly preferable.
- the test line 122 is located on the downstream side of the labeled reagent holding pad 130 in the antibody-immobilized membrane 120, and a substance that specifically binds to the detection target is arranged as an immobilized reagent. Function.
- the detection unit is formed in a line shape as the test line 122, but the shape of the detection unit is not limited to this, and a circular shape corresponding to the shape in which the immobilized reagent is locally disposed, It can be any shape such as a strip.
- the shape of the detection part is preferably a line, and more preferably a line having a width of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the method for immobilizing the labeling reagent on the labeling reagent holding pad 130 and the immobilizing reagent (such as an antibody) on the test line 122 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- these immobilization methods there is a method in which a reagent to be immobilized is directly immobilized on a chromatographic medium by physical means or chemical means.
- Direct immobilization includes physical adsorption and covalent bonding. In general, physical adsorption can be performed when the chromatographic medium is a nitrocellulose membrane or a mixed nitrocellulose ester membrane.
- a blocking process may be performed by a known method as necessary in order to prevent the accuracy of analysis from being lowered due to nonspecific adsorption.
- the control line 124 is located on the downstream side of the test line 122 in the antibody-immobilized membrane 120, and a substance that specifically binds to the labeling reagent is arranged as the immobilized reagent.
- a substance that specifically binds to the labeling reagent is arranged as the immobilized reagent.
- a gold colloid-labeled mouse monoclonal antibody is used as a labeling reagent, for example, if an anti-mouse IgG antibody is immobilized, it functions as a control unit.
- the labeling reagent moves to the control line 124, the labeling reagent accumulates by reacting with the immobilized reagent arranged in the control line 124.
- control line 124 shows color development due to the accumulation of the labeling reagent, so that it is confirmed that the reaction on the test strip 100 has proceeded normally.
- the control unit is also formed in a line shape as the control line 124, but the shape of the control unit is not limited to this, and a circular shape corresponding to the shape in which the immobilized reagent is locally disposed, It can be any shape such as a strip.
- the shape of the control portion is preferably a line shape, and more preferably a line shape having a width of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the absorption pad 150 is a member having a function of absorbing and removing unreacted labeling substances that are not insolubilized by the detection unit, while the dropped sample or developing solution is absorbed by moving through the chromatographic medium.
- the constituent material of the absorbent pad 150 is not particularly limited, and for example, a cellulose absorbent paper, a nonwoven fabric, a cloth, or a water-absorbing material such as cellulose acetate is used.
- the filtration filter 200 is provided in a stool collection container, a microtube, or the like, and is used for filtering an extract containing a sample to remove undigested solids (contaminants).
- a filtration filter solid content (contamination) that hinders inspection can be removed by filtration.
- the constituent material of the filtration filter is not particularly limited as long as it is inert with respect to the detection target, and examples thereof include porous substances such as malt filters, filter papers, and resin sintered filters, glass fibers, absorbent cotton, and the like. Examples thereof include fibrous substances, and it is preferable to use a malt filter or a resin sintered filter having a predetermined pore diameter.
- any known method may be used.
- the lower limit of the amount of oxidizing agent (impregnation amount) with which the sample contacts per test is preferably 0.1 nmol / test or more, more preferably 0.5 nmol / test or more. is there.
- the lower limit of the impregnation amount is preferably 0.5 nmol / test or more, more preferably 1.0 nmol / test or more, and particularly preferably 2.0 nmol / test. It is more than test.
- Example 1 Suppression of non-specific reaction by addition of various oxidizing agents
- the immunocatch (registered trademark) -Noro test strip has a configuration in which a labeling reagent holding pad 130 is disposed on an antibody-immobilized membrane 120 made of a nitrocellulose membrane.
- Anti-norovirus GI mouse monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold colloid solution and anti-norovirus GII mouse monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold colloid solution are impregnated.
- an anti-Norovirus GI mouse monoclonal antibody and an anti-Norovirus GII mouse monoclonal antibody are immobilized as immobilized antibodies on the test line 122 serving as a detection unit.
- an anti-mouse IgG rabbit antibody is immobilized on the control line 124 which is a control unit.
- the immunocat (registered trademark) -Noro extraction solution was composed of a HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer (pH 7.0), and sodium azide. Contains.
- the minimum detection sensitivity of Immunocat (registered trademark) -Noro is 2.5 ng / mL for Norovirus GI and 0.25 ng / mL for Norovirus GII.
- a stool sample (20-50 mg) collected from a human was added to each of the extraction solutions (1 mL) prepared above, stirred and suspended.
- three types of stool samples were used: a positive specimen whose presence of norovirus as a detection target was confirmed by RT-PCR, a false positive specimen whose absence of norovirus was confirmed, and a negative specimen.
- Color development rate [%] (Reflected light intensity (mAbs) at detection part of each sample / Intensity of reflected light (mAbs) at detection part without addition of oxidizing agent) ⁇ 100
- Table 1 shows the values of redox potentials for some of the oxidizing agents used in this example.
- the oxidation-reduction potential of the oxidizing agent was measured by the following method.
- Oxidation-reduction potential measurement method An oxidizing agent is dissolved in purified water to prepare 10 mL of a 10 mM solution. The obtained solution was measured for redox potential using a 3.33 mol / L KCl—Ag / AgCl electrode.
- Example 2 Inhibition of non-specific reaction by addition of various iodates as oxidizing agents
- Table 2 The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Table 2 The oxidation-reduction potential values of some of the oxidizing agents used in this example are shown in Table 2 below (the method for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential is the same as above).
- Example 3 Suppression of non-specific reaction by addition of oxidizing agent to each part of test strip or filtration filter
- an oxidizing agent is added to the sample extraction solution.
- an oxidizing agent iodine
- an oxidizing agent is not added to the extraction solution but to some of the components of the test strip or the filtration filter. It was confirmed whether the same effect (suppression of non-specific reaction) as the above was exhibited by including (acid potassium).
- Potassium iodate is added to the anti-NV-GI mouse antibody-binding gold colloid solution and anti-NV-GII mouse antibody-binding gold colloid solution, and the resulting solution is impregnated into a labeling reagent holding pad (glass fiber filter paper) and dried.
- a labeling reagent holding pad of this example containing each impregnating amount of oxidizing agent shown in Table 3 below was obtained.
- the loading concentration of the labeled reagent in the obtained labeled reagent holding pad was the same as that in Immunocatch (registered trademark) -Noro.
- the reflected light intensity in each specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 except that the labeling reagent holding pad thus obtained was used and no oxidizing agent was added to the extraction solution. And the color development rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the suppression effect of the non-specific reaction by the addition of the oxidizing agent according to the present invention and the suppression effect of the occurrence of false positives associated therewith are not the extraction solution but the components of the test strip or the filtration. Even when included in the filter, it was confirmed that the same performance was achieved.
- Immunochromatography kit 100 test strips, 110 Plastic adhesive sheet, 120 antibody-immobilized membrane (chromatographic medium), 122 test line (detection unit), 124 control line (control part), 130 Labeling reagent holding pad (labeling reagent holding part), 140 Sample pad (sample supply part), 150 absorbent pad, 200 filtration filter, 300 Extraction solution or developing solution.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一形態は、糞便試料を用いた免疫学的測定法に用いられる試薬組成物であって、酸化剤を含む、試薬組成物である。
本形態に係る試薬組成物に含まれる酸化剤の具体的な形態について、本発明の効果を奏することができる酸化剤であれば特に制限はなく、従来公知の酸化剤が用いられうる。本形態に係る試薬組成物に含まれる酸化剤は、糞便試料に含まれ、かつ非特異反応の原因となる何らかの成分を酸化する。酸化剤の一例としては、例えば、ハロゲンオキソ酸塩、遷移金属錯体の塩、過酸化物、有機水銀化合物、過マンガン酸塩、クロム酸塩、オキシダーゼ、亜硝酸塩、および超酸化物からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上が挙げられる。
上述した形態に係る試薬組成物において、酸化剤は種々の形態で含有されうる。以下では、酸化剤の含有形態の説明に先立ち、上述の形態に係る試薬組成物が用いられうる免疫学的測定用キットの詳細について、免疫学的測定法がイムノクロマトグラフィー法である場合を例に挙げて、図面を参照しつつ説明する。
上述した形態に係る酸化剤を含む試薬組成物は、免疫学的測定用キット(イムノクロマトグラフィー用キット)において、以下のような種々の形態で含有されうる。
(1)抽出用溶液または展開液300に添加される形態;
(2)ろ過フィルター200に添加される形態;
(3)サンプルパッド140に添加される形態;
(4)標識試薬保持パッド130に添加される形態;
(5)抗体固定化メンブレンのテストライン122の上流に添加される形態。
抽出用溶液および展開液は、上述したようにその使用形態が異なるが、同一の組成の溶液が抽出用溶液および展開液の双方として機能しうる。抽出用溶液および展開液は、緩衝剤および溶媒(通常は、水)からなる緩衝液を含む。緩衝剤としては、目的とする免疫反応に好適なpHに調節可能な緩衝剤が用いられる。一般に、緩衝液のpHは5~10が好ましく、この場合にはリン酸緩衝液、Tris緩衝液、グッド緩衝液などの通常使用される緩衝液が用いられうる。特に免疫反応に好適なpH6~8を与える緩衝剤としては、HEPESやPIPESなどのグッド緩衝液が好ましい。また、抽出用溶液および展開液には、緩衝剤以外に塩化ナトリウムなどを添加してもよく、公知の添加剤をさらに添加してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、抗原-抗体反応の促進または非特異反応の抑制を目的としたタンパク質(例えば、ウシ血清アルブミン、カゼイン、ゼラチンなど)、高分子化合物(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、デキストラン、メチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドンなど)、非イオン性界面活性剤(例えば、ツイーン(登録商標)20、トリトン(登録商標)X-100など)、イオン性界面活性剤またはポリアニオン(例えば、デキストラン硫酸、ヘパリン、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ヒアルロン酸、コンドロイチン硫酸など)またはその塩など;抗菌剤としてのアジ化ナトリウム、長鎖アルキル4級アンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。
抗体固定化メンブレン120の主相は、イムノクロマトグラフィーのクロマトグラフ媒体(固定相)として機能する多孔質体からなる不溶性担体である。当該抗体固定化メンブレン120の構成材料である多孔質体としては、例えば、ニトロセルロース膜、セルロース膜、アセチルセルロース膜、ポリスルホン膜、ポリエーテルスルホン膜、ナイロン膜、ガラス繊維、不織布、布などの多孔質シートが挙げられ、特にニトロセルロース膜が好ましく用いられる。なお、滴下された試料のメンブレン120上での移動速度は、メンブレンの材質、大きさなどにより変えることができ、検出対象物の測定に合った速度を設定することができる。
サンプルパッド140は、試料供給部として機能するが、ろ過フィルター200を通過した後に滴下された試料を受けるだけではなく、試料中の不溶物粒子などをろ過する機能をも兼ねることができる。サンプルパッド140の構成材料としては、例えば、セルロースろ紙、ガラス繊維、ポリウレタン、ポリアセテート、酢酸セルロース、ナイロン、および綿布などの均一な特性を有する材料が挙げられる。
標識試薬保持パッド130は、上述したように標識試薬を保持する標識試薬保持部として機能する。標識試薬保持パッド130の構成材料としては、例えば、セルロースろ紙、ガラス繊維、および不織布などが挙げられ、好ましくはガラス繊維が用いられる。
テストライン122は、抗体固定化メンブレン120における標識試薬保持パッド130より下流側に位置しており、検出対象物と特異的に結合する物質が固定化試薬として配置されていることで、検出部として機能する。図1において、検出部はテストライン122としてライン状に形成されているが、検出部の形状はこれに限定されず、固定化試薬が局所的に配置された形状に対応して、円状、帯状などの任意の形状でありうる。ただし、検出部の形状はライン状であることが好ましく、幅0.5~1.5mmのライン状であることがより好ましい。なお、標識試薬保持パッド130への標識試薬の固定化や、テストライン122への固定化試薬(抗体など)の固定化方法は特に制限されず、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。これらの固定化方法としては、固定化すべき試薬をクロマトグラフ媒体に物理的手段または化学的手段により直接固定化する方法がある。直接固定化する方法としては物理吸着や共有結合がある。一般に、クロマトグラフ媒体がニトロセルロース膜または混合ニトロセルロースエステル膜の場合、物理吸着を行うことができる。なお、固定化した後、非特異的な吸着により分析の精度が低下することを防止するため、必要に応じて、公知の方法でブロッキング処理を行ってもよい。
コントロールライン124は、抗体固定化メンブレン120におけるテストライン122より下流側に位置しており、標識試薬と特異的に結合する物質が固定化試薬として配置されている。例えば標識試薬として金コロイド標識マウスモノクローナル抗体を用いた場合には、例えば抗マウスIgG抗体を固定化しておけばコントロール部として機能する。標識試薬がコントロールライン124まで移動すると、コントロールライン124に配置された固定化試薬と反応して標識試薬が集積する。その結果、コントロールライン124は標識試薬の集積に起因して発色などを示すことから、テストストリップ100上での反応が正常に進んだことが確認される。図1において、コントロール部もコントロールライン124としてライン状に形成されているが、コントロール部の形状はこれに限定されず、固定化試薬が局所的に配置された形状に対応して、円状、帯状などの任意の形状でありうる。ただし、コントロール部の形状はライン状であることが好ましく、幅0.5~1.5mmのライン状であることがより好ましい。
吸収パッド150は、滴下された試料や展開液がクロマトグラフ媒体を移動することにより吸収されるとともに、検出部に不溶化されない未反応標識物質などを吸収除去する機能を有する部材である。吸収パッド150の構成材料について特に制限はなく、例えば、セルロ-スろ紙、不織布、布、またはセルロースアセテートなどの吸水性材料が用いられる。
ろ過フィルター200は、採便容器やマイクロチューブなどに設けられ、試料を含む抽出液をろ過して、未消化の固形物(夾雑物)を除去するために用いられる。ろ過フィルターを用いることで、検査の妨げとなる固形分(夾雑物)をろ過により除去することができる。なお、ろ過フィルターの構成材料は、検出対象物に対して不活性のものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、モルトフィルター、ろ紙、樹脂焼結フィルターなどの多孔性物質、ガラス繊維、脱脂綿などの繊維性物質などが挙げられ、所定の細孔径を有するモルトフィルター、樹脂焼結フィルターを用いることが好ましい。
図1に示す構造を有するノロウイルス検出用のイムノクロマトグラフィー用キットであるイムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロ(栄研化学株式会社製)を用いて、酸化剤の使用による本発明の効果(非特異反応の抑制)を確認した。なお、イムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロのテストストリップは、ニトロセルロース膜からなる抗体固定化メンブレン120上に標識試薬保持パッド130が配置された構成を有しており、標識試薬保持パッド130には、抗ノロウイルスGIマウスモノクローナル抗体結合金コロイド液、および抗ノロウイルスGIIマウスモノクローナル抗体結合金コロイド液が含浸されている。また、検出部であるテストライン122には、固定化抗体として抗ノロウイルスGIマウスモノクローナル抗体、および抗ノロウイルスGIIマウスモノクローナル抗体が固定化されている。さらに、コントロール部であるコントロールライン124には、抗マウスIgGウサギ抗体が固定化されている。また、イムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロの抽出用溶液は、HEPES(N-2-ヒドロキシエチルピペラジン-N’-2-エタンスルホン酸)緩衝液(pH7.0)からなっており、アジ化ナトリウムを含有している。これにより、イムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロの最小検出感度は、ノロウイルスGIに対して2.5ng/mL、ノロウイルスGIIに対して0.25ng/mLとなっている。
また、本実施例で用いた酸化剤のいくつかについて、酸化還元電位の値を下記の表1に示す。ここで、酸化剤の酸化還元電位の測定は以下の方法により行った。
酸化剤として、各種のヨウ素酸塩を用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、酸化剤の添加による偽陽性の発生の抑制効果を確認した。結果を下記の表2に示す。なお、本実施例で用いた酸化剤のいくつかについて、酸化還元電位の値を下記の表2に示す(酸化還元電位の測定方法は上記と同様である)。
上述した実施例1および実施例2では、試料の抽出用溶液に酸化剤を添加したが、本実施例では、抽出用溶液ではなくテストストリップの構成要素の一部またはろ過フィルターに酸化剤(ヨウ素酸カリウム)を含ませることで、上記と同様の効果(非特異反応の抑制)が奏されるかどうかを確認した。
抗NV-GIマウス抗体結合金コロイド液および抗NV-GIIマウス抗体結合金コロイド液に、ヨウ素酸カリウムを添加し、得られた溶液を標識試薬保持パッド(ガラス繊維ろ紙)に含浸させ、乾燥させて、下記の表3に示す各含浸量の酸化剤を含む本実施例の標識試薬保持パッドを得た。なお、得られた標識試薬保持パッドにおける標識試薬の担持濃度はイムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロにおけるのと同様であった。このようにして得られた標識試薬保持パッドを用い、抽出用溶液に酸化剤を添加しなかったこと以外は、上述した実施例1および実施例2と同様の手法により、各検体における反射光強度を測定し、発色率を算出した。結果を下記の表3に示す。
精製水に、ヨウ素酸カリウムを添加し、得られた溶液をサンプルパッド(セルロース膜)に含浸させ、乾燥させて、下記の表3に示す各含浸量の酸化剤を含む本実施例のサンプルパッドを得た。このようにして得られたサンプルパッドを用い、抽出用溶液に酸化剤を添加しなかったこと以外は、上述した実施例1および実施例2と同様の手法により、各検体における反射光強度を測定し、発色率を算出した。結果を下記の表3に示す。
精製水に、ヨウ素酸カリウムを添加し、得られた溶液をセルロース膜に含浸させ、乾燥させ、下記の表3に示す各含浸量の酸化剤を含む酸化剤含有セルロース膜を得た。得られた酸化剤含有セルロース膜を、イムノキャッチ(登録商標)-ノロの検体抽出容器に付属のろ過フィルターに重ねて抽出液のろ過を行い、抽出用溶液に酸化剤を添加しなかったこと以外は、上述した実施例1および実施例2と同様の手法により、各検体における反射光強度を測定し、発色率を算出した。結果を下記の表3に示す。なお、下記の表3に示す含浸量は、それぞれの部材が含有するヨウ素酸カリウム量であって、1テストあたりの試料と反応する量である。
100 テストストリップ、
110 プラスチック製粘着シート、
120 抗体固定化メンブレン(クロマトグラフ媒体)、
122 テストライン(検出部)、
124 コントロールライン(コントロール部)、
130 標識試薬保持パッド(標識試薬保持部)、
140 サンプルパッド(試料供給部)、
150 吸収パッド、
200 ろ過フィルター、
300 抽出用溶液または展開液。
Claims (18)
- 糞便試料を用いた免疫学的測定法に用いられる試薬組成物であって、酸化剤を含む、試薬組成物。
- 前記酸化剤が、ハロゲンオキソ酸塩、遷移金属錯体の塩、過酸化物、有機水銀化合物、過マンガン酸塩、クロム酸塩、オキシダーゼ、亜硝酸塩、および超酸化物からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上である、請求項1に記載の試薬組成物。
- 前記酸化剤が、ヨウ素酸塩、過ヨウ素酸塩、フェリシアン化塩、過酸化尿素、過酸化水素、チメロサール、過マンガン酸塩、およびグルコースオキシダーゼからなる群から選択される1種または2種以上である、請求項1または2に記載の試薬組成物。
- 前記酸化剤が、ヨウ素酸カリウム、過ヨウ素酸カリウムおよびフェリシアン化カリウムからなる群から選択される1種または2種以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物。
- 前記免疫学的測定法が、イムノクロマトグラフィー法である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物を含む、糞便試料の抽出用溶液または展開液。
- 前記酸化剤の濃度が0.05~100mMである、請求項6に記載の抽出用溶液または展開液。
- 試料供給部と、
前記試料供給部の下流側に位置するクロマトグラフ媒体と、
前記クロマトグラフ媒体の一部に位置する、標識試薬が溶出可能に保持された標識試薬保持部と、
前記クロマトグラフ媒体の一部であって前記標識試薬保持部より下流側に位置する、固定化抗体を含む検出部と、
を有するテストストリップであって、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物を含む、テストストリップ。 - 前記試薬組成物が、前記試料供給部から前記クロマトグラフ媒体における前記検出部の上流までのいずれかの部位に含まれている、請求項8に記載のテストストリップ。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物を含む、糞便試料をろ過するためのろ過フィルター。
- 請求項6または7に記載の抽出用溶液または展開液、請求項8または9に記載のテストストリップ、および請求項10に記載のろ過フィルターの少なくとも1つを含む、糞便試料中の検出対象物を検出または定量するための免疫学的測定法に用いられる免疫学的測定用キット。
- 試料供給部と、
前記試料供給部の下流側に位置するクロマトグラフ媒体と、
前記クロマトグラフ媒体の一部に位置する、標識試薬が溶出可能に保持された標識試薬保持部と、
前記クロマトグラフ媒体の一部であって前記標識試薬保持部より下流側に位置する、固定化抗体を含む検出部と、
を有するテストストリップを用いて、免疫学的測定法により糞便試料中の検出対象物を検出または定量する方法であって、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物を用いる、方法。 - 前記試料またはそのろ過処理物と抽出用溶液または展開液との混合物を前記試料供給部に供給する工程と、
前記検出対象物と前記標識試薬との複合体を前記検出部において検出する工程と、
を含み、
前記検出部の上流において、前記混合物を前記酸化剤と接触させる工程をさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記混合物を前記酸化剤と接触させる工程は、前記標識試薬保持部の上流において行われる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記抽出用溶液または前記展開液が前記酸化剤を含み、前記混合物を前記酸化剤と接触させる工程は前記試料と前記抽出用溶液または前記展開液との混合時に行われる、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 前記抽出用溶液または前記展開液における前記酸化剤の濃度が0.05~100mMである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記検出対象物が、ウイルス、細菌または便潜血である、請求項12~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の試薬組成物と、糞便試料とを接触させる工程を含む、免疫学的測定法における非特異反応の抑制方法。
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