WO2017006931A1 - Ampa受容体に特異的に結合する新規化合物 - Google Patents
Ampa受容体に特異的に結合する新規化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017006931A1 WO2017006931A1 PCT/JP2016/069896 JP2016069896W WO2017006931A1 WO 2017006931 A1 WO2017006931 A1 WO 2017006931A1 JP 2016069896 W JP2016069896 W JP 2016069896W WO 2017006931 A1 WO2017006931 A1 WO 2017006931A1
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- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C)cc1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 C*Cc1c(*CCN(*)*c2cccc(C*#*)c2)ccc(*C*N(*)*)c1 Chemical compound C*Cc1c(*CCN(*)*c2cccc(C*#*)c2)ccc(*C*N(*)*)c1 0.000 description 1
- SIGVLNHDSNKIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(COc(c(F)ccc1)c1F)=O Chemical compound COC(COc(c(F)ccc1)c1F)=O SIGVLNHDSNKIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKKOVFGIBXCEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc(c(F)ccc1)c1F Chemical compound Oc(c(F)ccc1)c1F CKKOVFGIBXCEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K51/0474—Organic compounds complexes or complex-forming compounds, i.e. wherein a radioactive metal (e.g. 111In3+) is complexed or chelated by, e.g. a N2S2, N3S, NS3, N4 chelating group
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- C07C323/46—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having at least one of the nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, further bound to other hetero atoms
- C07C323/49—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having at least one of the nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, further bound to other hetero atoms to sulfur atoms
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel compound that specifically binds to an AMPA ( ⁇ -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid) receptor, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a solvate thereof,
- the present invention relates to a composition containing these compounds, a method for producing these compounds, and an intermediate for producing these compounds.
- AMPA receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system and are known to be involved in learning, memory, neurodegeneration, and cell death.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 research on treatment of psychiatric / neurological diseases targeting AMPA receptors has been advanced.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 In order to investigate the relationship between AMPA receptors and these diseases, it is necessary to evaluate the expression level and distribution of AMPA receptors in the brain.
- there are various problems such as the need to use a postmortem brain at present and the inability to compare with healthy individuals.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3
- conventional molecular probes are difficult to use for in vivo imaging of AMPA receptors due to insufficient specific binding to AMPA receptors and poor brain migration of probes. there were. Therefore, development of a new compound that specifically binds to AMPA receptor and shows high accumulation in the brain has been demanded.
- JP 2012-207021 A JP 2010-202525 A JP-T-2006-525292 Gao M et al. Synthesis of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled N-acetyl-1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as new potential PET AMPA receptor ligands., Bioorg Med. Chem. Lett. 2006 Apr 15; 16 (8): 2229-33.
- Langstrom B et al. Endogenous compounds labeled with radionuclides of short half-life-some perspectives., J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharm. 2013 Mar-Apr; 56 (3-4): 251-62.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound that specifically binds to an AMPA receptor and has high brain migration.
- the present invention aims to provide novel compounds for imaging AMPA receptors in vivo.
- the present inventors succeeded in synthesizing a highly novel compound that can specifically bind to the AMPA receptor. Furthermore, the present inventors have investigated the interaction site between 2- [2,6-difluoro-4-( ⁇ 2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl ⁇ thio) phenoxy] acetamide and AMPA receptor by crystal structure analysis.
- a sulfonamide site (—SO 2 N—) and an amide group (—CON—) are provided at both ends of the compound, and the AMPA receptor It was found that a substituent can be added to the nitrogen atom of the sulfonamide group without impairing the binding activity to the compound, thereby improving the brain accumulation of the compound. Accordingly, what is provided by the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- a and Z are each independently CO, SO or SO 2 ; X and Y are each independently S or O; R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo; R 5 is independently for each occurrence alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo; n is an integer of 0 to 4. ).
- one or more atoms are radioactive isotopes of the atoms.
- the compound of the present invention can specifically bind to the AMPA receptor and has extremely high brain migration.
- the compounds of the present invention can be used as molecular probes, such as PET probes, and can image in vivo AMPA receptors in vivo.
- the compound of the present invention is easy to synthesize and can be obtained in high yield.
- FIG. 2 is an in vivo PET image of a rat using radiolabeled K-2. Left figure: rats administered with vehicle, right figure: rats blocked with 0.5 mg / kg of non-radiolabeled K-2. 2 shows K-2 temporal radioactivity curves (TAC) in the hippocampus and brainstem of rats.
- TAC temporal radioactivity curves
- alkyl refers to a monovalent group resulting from the loss of one hydrogen atom of an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon.
- Alkyl is, for example, 1 to 15 (C 1 -C 15 ) carbon atoms, typically 1 to 10 (C 1 -C 10 ), 1 to 8 (C 1 -C 8 ), 1 1-6 (C 1 -C 6), 1 ⁇ 5 amino (C 1 -C 5), 1 ⁇ 4 amino (C 1 -C 4), 1 ⁇ 3 amino (C 1 -C 3), 1 ⁇ 2 (C 1 -C 2 ) or 2 to 6 (C 2 -C 6 ) carbon atoms.
- Alkyl may be linear or branched.
- alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl , 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl , T-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and hexyl.
- the alkyl may be further substituted with a suitable substituent.
- alkyl may include alkyl containing radioisotopes, such
- alkenyl refers to an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group having at least one double bond.
- Alkenyl is, for example, 2 to 15 (C 2 -C 15 ) carbon atoms, typically 2 to 10 (C 2 -C 10 ), 2 to 8 (C 2 -C 8 ), 2 1-6 (C 2 -C 6), 2 ⁇ 5 pieces (C 2 -C 5), 2 ⁇ 4 pieces (C 2 -C 4), 2 ⁇ 3 pieces (C 2 -C 3), 3 ⁇ 6 (C 3 -C 6 ), 3-8 (C 3 -C 8 ), 4-6 (C 4 -C 6 ), 4-7 (C 4 -C 7 ), or 4-8 It has (C 4 -C 8 ) carbon atoms.
- alkenyl may include alkenyl containing radioactive isotopes, for example [ 11 C] alkenyl.
- alkynyl refers to an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group having at least one triple bond.
- Alkynyl is, for example, 2 to 15 (C 2 -C 15 ) carbon atoms, typically 2 to 10 (C 2 -C 10 ), 2 to 8 (C 2 -C 8 ), 2 1-6 (C 2 -C 6), 2 ⁇ 5 pieces (C 2 -C 5), 2 ⁇ 4 pieces (C 2 -C 4), 2 ⁇ 3 pieces (C 2 -C 3), 3 ⁇ 6 (C 3 -C 6 ), 3-8 (C 3 -C 8 ), 4-6 (C 4 -C 6 ), 4-7 (C 4 -C 7 ), or 4-8 It has (C 4 -C 8 ) carbon atoms.
- Alkynyl may be linear or branched. Examples of alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (-C ⁇ CH), - C ⁇ CH (CH 3), - C ⁇ C (CH 2 CH 3), - CH 2 C ⁇ CH, -CH 2 C ⁇ C (CH 3 ) and —CH 2 C ⁇ C (CH 2 CH 3 ). Alkynyl may be further substituted with a suitable substituent.
- alkynyl may include alkynyls containing radioisotopes, for example [ 11 C] alkynyl.
- [ 11 C] alkyl means an alkyl in which one or more of the carbons that make up the alkyl is 11 C.
- the terms “[ 11 C] alkenyl” and “[ 11 C] alkynyl” are respectively alkenyl in which one or more of carbons constituting alkenyl are 11 C, and carbons constituting alkynyl. Means alkynyl in which one or more of is 11 C.
- halogen or “halo” means fluoro (—F), chloro (—Cl), bromo (—Br), and iodo (—I).
- pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt that is not harmful to mammals, particularly humans.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with nontoxic acids or bases, including inorganic acids or bases, or organic acids or bases.
- examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include metal salts formed from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc, or lysine, N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, Examples include organic salts formed from diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procaine.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts and base addition salts.
- solvate means a solvent-containing compound formed by the association of one or more solvent molecules with the compound of the present invention.
- Solvates include, for example, monosolvates, disolvates, trisolvates, and tetrasolvates. Solvates include hydrates.
- the present invention provides a compound of the following formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof:
- a and Z are each independently CO, SO or SO 2 , and these groups are expected to interact with the AMPA receptor.
- a and Z are preferably each independently CO or SO 2 , more preferably A is SO 2 and Z is CO.
- X and Y are each independently S or O, preferably X is S and Y is O.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo. In one embodiment, not all of R 1 -R 4 are hydrogen, ie, at least one of R 1 -R 4 is other than hydrogen.
- R 2 is alkyl. In other embodiments, R 1 is alkyl or halo. R 1 can be present in either the ortho, meta, or para position.
- R 1 is in the para position.
- one of R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen and the other is alkyl.
- R 5 is each independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo for each occurrence.
- R 5 is halo, particularly preferably fluoro. More preferably, R 5 is present in both ortho positions relative to the Y group (ie both meta positions relative to the X group).
- n is an integer of 0 to 4.
- n is 2.
- the combinations of substituents in the compound of formula (I) include: A is SO 2 , Z is CO, X is S, Y is O, and R 2 is When it is alkyl, R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl or halo and R 1 is alkyl or halo, R 1 is in the para position, one of R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen and the other is alkyl And R 5 is independently each occurrence of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo, and n is preferably a combination of 0 to 4 integers.
- the combinations of substituents in the compound of formula (I) include: A is SO 2 , Z is CO, X is S, Y is O, and R 2 is When alkyl, R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl or halo and R 1 is alkyl or halo, R 1 is in the para position, one of R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen and the other is A combination in which R 5 is halo, in particular fluoro, R 5 is in both ortho positions with respect to the Y group (ie both meta positions with respect to the X group) and n is 2 Is preferred.
- the combinations of substituents in the compound of formula (I) include: A is SO 2 , Z is CO, X is S, Y is O, and R 2 is When alkyl, R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl or halo, R 1 is alkyl or halo, R 1 is in the para position, R 3 and R 4 are both hydrogen, and R 5 is Each independently represents a combination of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo, and n is an integer of 0 to 4.
- a radioisotope-free 2- [2,6-difluoro-4-( ⁇ 2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl ⁇ thio) phenoxy] acetamide PEPA
- a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is such that one or more atoms constituting the compound is a radioisotope of the atom, ie A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof: (Where A and Z are each independently CO, SO or SO 2 ; X and Y are each independently S or O; R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo; R 5 is independently for each occurrence alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or halo; n is an integer from 0 to 4; One or more atoms are radioisotopes of the atoms. ).
- the radioisotope is selected from the group consisting of 15 O, 13 N, 11 C, 18 F and the like, but is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of half-life, the radioisotope is preferably 11 C or 18 F.
- one, two, three or four, preferably one of R 1 to R 4 is a group containing a radioisotope (eg [ 11 C] alkyl (preferably 11 CH 3 ), [ 11 C ] Alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, or 18 F).
- a radioisotope eg [ 11 C] alkyl (preferably 11 CH 3 ), [ 11 C ] Alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, or 18 F).
- A is SO 2 , Z is CO, X is S, Y is O, R 2 is alkyl, R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl or halo. , R 1 is alkyl or halo, R 1 is in the para position, one of R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen, the other is alkyl, and R 5 is halo, especially fluoro, , R 5 is present in both ortho positions relative to the Y group (ie, both meta positions relative to the X group), n is 2 and one of R1-R4 contains a radioisotope Groups such as [ 11 C] alkyl (preferably 11 CH 3 ), [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl or 18 F are preferred.
- A is SO 2 , Z is CO, X is S, Y is O, R 2 is alkyl and R 1 is When hydrogen, alkyl or halo and R 1 is alkyl or halo, R 1 is in the para position, one of R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen, the other is alkyl, and R 5 is Halo, especially fluoro, wherein R 5 is present in both ortho positions relative to the Y group (ie both meta positions relative to the X group), n is 2 and R 1 to R 4 More preferably, one group contains a radioisotope (eg, [ 11 C] alkyl (preferably 11 CH 3 ), [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, or 18 F).
- a radioisotope eg, [ 11 C] alkyl (preferably 11 CH 3 ), [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, or 18 F).
- radioactive isotopes include the following compounds:
- a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R 2 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl includes, for example, a compound of formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof: object: (Wherein, A, X, Y, Z , R 1, R 3, R 4, R 5, and n are the same as defined in the compounds of formula (I).)
- object: (Wherein, A, X, Y, Z , R 1, R 3, R 4, R 5, and n are the same as defined in the compounds of formula (I).)
- R 3 and R 4 in formula (I) and formula (II) are both hydrogen.
- R 2 is [ 11 C] alkyl, [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, preferably R 2 is [ 11 C] alkyl, especially 11 CH 3 . .
- X 1 is I.
- a specific example of a compound of formula (II) is 2- [2,6-difluoro-4-( ⁇ 2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl ⁇ thio) phenoxy] acetamide (PEPA).
- the reaction can be carried out in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under basic conditions using a base such as NaOH.
- the reaction temperature is preferably room temperature to reflux temperature, particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C.
- the reaction time is 1 to 10 minutes, in particular 5 minutes.
- ⁇ PET probes usually have to be manufactured in a short time and in high yield due to the short half-life of radioisotopes. Since the reaction proceeds quantitatively in a short time, it is suitable for the production of a PET probe.
- the inventors have found that the reaction between the compound of formula (II) and X 1 -R 2 occurs quantitatively at the NH group adjacent to the A group of the compound of formula (II). Therefore, even if R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen, only the NH group can be converted to an NR 2 group without using a protecting group.
- a compound of formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof produces a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R 2 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl. It can be used as an intermediate for Also, the compound of formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is a radiolabeled formula wherein R 2 is [ 11 C] alkyl, [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl. It can be used as an intermediate for producing a compound of (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- R 1 is [ 11 C] alkyl, [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl, preferably R 1 is [ 11 C] alkyl, especially 11 CH 3 . .
- X 1 is I.
- the reaction can be performed in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand, a carbonate and a copper halide.
- the palladium catalyst include tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium.
- the phosphine ligand include tri (o-tolyl) phosphine and (di-tert-butyl) methylphosphine.
- the carbonate include K 2 CO 3 .
- Examples of the copper halide include CuCl.
- the reaction can be carried out in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the reaction temperature is preferably room temperature to reflux temperature, particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C.
- the reaction time is 1 to 10 minutes, in particular 5 minutes.
- ⁇ PET probes usually have to be manufactured in a short time and in high yield due to the short half-life of radioisotopes. Since the reaction proceeds quantitatively in a short time, it is suitable for the production of a PET probe.
- a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R 1 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl. It can be used as an intermediate for manufacturing. Also, the compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is a radiolabeled formula wherein R 1 is [ 11 C] alkyl, [ 11 C] alkenyl, or [ 11 C] alkynyl. It can be used as an intermediate for producing a compound of (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof can also be produced by the methods shown in the following examples.
- the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof can specifically bind to the AMPA receptor.
- the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof can be used for AMPA receptor imaging.
- the compounds can be used as molecular probes, for example PET probes.
- Imaging includes molecular imaging, such as positron emission tomography (Positron Emission Tomography, PET), multiphoton imaging, two-photon imaging, near infrared fluorescence imaging, autoradiography, and single photon emission tomography ( Single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT).
- PET positron emission tomography
- multiphoton imaging two-photon imaging
- near infrared fluorescence imaging autoradiography
- single photon emission tomography Single photon emission computed tomography
- SPECT Single photon emission computed tomography
- the imaging is PET imaging.
- the present invention provides a composition for imaging an AMPA receptor comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- the composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is not particularly limited, and for example, sterile water, saline, physiological saline or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride injection, Ringer's injection, isotonic dextrose injection, Examples include sterile water injection solution, dextrose, and lactated Ringer's injection solution.
- the content of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in the composition is not particularly limited, and these are the types of compounds used. Determined by various factors such as the age, weight, health status, sex and diet content of the mammal to be administered; frequency of administration and route of administration; duration of treatment; other drugs used simultaneously.
- the content of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount capable of imaging an AMPA receptor.
- the composition is preferably prepared such that the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof can be administered.
- the content of the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be, for example, 1 to 99% by weight of the composition.
- the present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in imaging AMPA receptors. Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for imaging an AMPA receptor.
- the present invention provides a method for imaging AMPA receptors comprising administering to a mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- Mammals include, for example, rats, mice, guinea pigs, or hamsters.
- the administration method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include parenteral administration, intravenous administration, and intraperitoneal administration. Intravenous administration is preferable.
- the dose is not particularly limited as long as AMPA receptor can be imaged.
- the present invention provides a kit for imaging an AMPA receptor comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- the present invention also provides an intermediate for producing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, such as a compound of formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvent thereof.
- a kit for imaging an AMPA receptor comprising a hydrate; and / or a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is provided.
- the kit may further comprise instructions indicating the dosage, administration method, method of use, storage method, and / or method for imaging the AMPA receptor of the compound.
- the kit may further contain a radiolabeling reagent such as halogenated [ 11 C] alkyl, halogenated [ 11 C] alkenyl, or halogenated [ 11 C] alkynyl.
- a radiolabeling reagent such as halogenated [ 11 C] alkyl, halogenated [ 11 C] alkenyl, or halogenated [ 11 C] alkynyl.
- the present invention provides an AMPA receptor imaging method comprising a step of detecting radiation emitted from the brain of a subject administered with a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. I will provide a.
- Example 1 (Synthesis of K-1 and K-2) According to the following scheme, 2- [2,6-difluoro-4-( ⁇ 2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl ⁇ thio) phenoxy] acetamide (K-1, PEPA) and ⁇ 4- [2- (benzenesulfonyl) -Methyl-amino) -ethylsulfanyl] -2,6-difluoro-phenoxy ⁇ -acetamide (K-2) was synthesized. 1 H NMR spectra of each compound were recorded on Bruker Avance III 400 MHz or Varian Mercury plus-300 MHz using TMS as an internal standard.
- K 2 CO 3 8.40 g, 60.7 mmol
- methyl bromoacetate was added to the reaction solution.
- 5.80 g, 38.5 mmol was added. The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature overnight.
- Chlorosulfonic acid (17.2 g, 24.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a DCM solution of (2,6-difluoro-phenoxy) -acetic acid methyl ester (2) (5.00 g, 24.7 mmol) in an ice bath and reacted.
- the solution was heated to 45 ° C. and stirred for 1.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was quenched with 50 mL of ice water, the organic layer was separated and washed with water (300 mL ⁇ 3).
- a mixture of (4-chlorosulfonyl-2,6-difluoro-phenoxy) -acetic acid methyl ester (3) (5.50 g, 18.3 mmol), SnCl 2 (14.5 g, 64.2 mmol), and methanol (50 mL)
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid 25 mL was added dropwise.
- the reaction mixture was heated to reflux temperature and stirred for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (100 mL ⁇ 3).
- N- (2-bromo-ethyl) -benzenesulfonamide (9) (1.30 g, 4.90 mmol) and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into 30 mL of 2N HCl and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL ⁇ 3). The organic layer was washed with water (50 mL ⁇ 3) and brine (100 mL ⁇ 2), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo to give a residue.
- reaction solution was diluted with 20 ml of water and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL ⁇ 3). The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL ⁇ 3) and brine (20 mL ⁇ 2), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo to give compound (6) as a yellow oil. (285 mg, 92%).
- K-1 A mixture of [4- (2-benzenesulfonylamino-ethylsulfanyl) -2,6-difluoro-phenoxy] -acetic acid methyl ester (5) (200 mg, 0.48 mmol) and 10 mL of 4N MeOH / NH 3 Stir at room temperature for 18 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to obtain a residue.
- benzenesulfonyl chloride (7) (3.00 g, 17.0 mmol)
- 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (8) (3.80 g, 18.7 mmol)
- DIPEA 4.80 g, 37.4 mmol
- the reaction solution was then stirred at the same temperature for 1.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with 20 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL ⁇ 3).
- 1 H-NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.68 (m, 2H).
- triphenylphosphine 3.4 g, 13.1 mmol
- DMF 0.1 mL
- DCM 3 mL
- DCM 4 mL
- the reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed to give crude compound (11) as a yellow oil.
- 2- (2-bromo-ethyl) -isoindole-1,3-dione (13.2 g, 51.8 mmol)
- K 2 CO. 3 (23.8 g, 172.4 mmol) was added.
- DMF dimethyl methoxylate
- 3-bromo-propionic acid ethyl ester 2.5 g, 15 mmol
- K 2 CO 3 3.0 g, 22.5 mmol
- a methylamine alcohol solution (10 mL) of compound (13) (0.5 g, 1.2 mmol) was stirred at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes. The mixture was then concentrated to give crude compound (14) as a yellow oil (1 g).
- a solution of compound (13) (5.0 g, 11.8 mmol) in NH 3 / EtOH (100 mL) was stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. The solution was then concentrated to give crude compound (16) as a yellow oil (6.0 g).
- a mixture of compound (1) (39.0 g, 0.30 mol), K 2 CO 3 (62.0 g, 0.45 mol), compound (18) (50.1 g, 0.30 mol), and acetone (200 mL) was added for about 16 hours. And stirred at room temperature.
- the reaction mixture was poured into 3% HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (90 mL ⁇ 3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
- 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 MHz): ⁇ 3.52 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 6.88 (d, J 6.3 Hz, 2H).
- Compound (23) (1.35 g, 11.0 mmol) was added to a solution of compound (22) (2.54 g, 10.0 mmol) in DCM (40 mL), followed by TEA (1.52 g, 15.0 mmol).
- the reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for about 3 hours and diluted with water.
- the solution was extracted with DCM (80 mL ⁇ 3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated.
- a mixture of compound (21) (1.25 g, 5.36 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (905 mg, 6.55 mmol), compound (24) (1.88 g, 5.50 mmol), and acetone (50 mL) was added for about 16 hours. And stirred at room temperature.
- the reaction mixture was poured into 3% HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (90 mL ⁇ 3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated.
- a mixture of compound (25) (3.00 g, 6.06 mmol) and 2M NH 3 / MeOH (150 mL, 300 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for about 16 hours. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give compound (26) (2.3 g, 80%).
- CapcellPak UG-80 (10X250) (Shiseido, Japan) was used for the column, separation was performed at a flow rate of 5.0 ml / min, and detection was performed using UV 254 nm and RI. The RI peak portion in the vicinity of about 8 minutes was collected and concentrated using an evaporator under the addition of Tween 80 (final concentration 0.8%) and 2.5 mg ascorbic acid. The residue was dissolved by adding 2.5 ml saline.
- Example 6 (Biological Example) (Preparation and administration of AMPA receptor binding compounds)
- Example 6 (Biological Example) (Preparation and administration of AMPA receptor binding compounds)
- All synthesized compounds were dissolved in 100% DMSO to a concentration of 2.5 mM, diluted with physiological saline immediately before administration (PEPA (1.2 pmol / g), M- 1 (12 pmol / g), K-2 (12 pmol / g), M-3 (60 pmol / g), and M-2 (240 pmol / g)) were administered intravenously.
- PEPA 1.2 pmol / g
- M- 1 (12 pmol / g
- K-2 (12 pmol / g
- M-3 60 pmol / g
- M-2 240 pmol / g
- LC-MS / MS experiments and biochemical experiments were carried out by allowing rats to fall asleep by inhalation of isoflurane and then maintaining anesthesia at a concentration of 1.5% using a dedicated vaporizer.
- the compound was adjusted to a dose of 1 ⁇ l / body weight (g).
- the compound was administered directly from the jugular vein using an insulin syringe (Terumo, Japan). Following compound administration, rats were maintained under anesthesia for 15 minutes, after which the brain was removed.
- Brain matrix (ASI instruments, USA) was used from the whole brain, and the hippocampal region was collected at a thickness of 2 mm before and after the tissue weight was measured. Placed in a tube.
- an acute brain section having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m including the hippocampus was prepared from the whole brain using a vibratome (VT1000; Leica, Germany).
- a predetermined amount of the solvent previously examined was added to the conical tube.
- the suspension was suspended using a homogenizer pestle and sufficiently crushed using a handy sonicator (UR-20P; Tommy Seiko, Japan). Thereafter, vortexing was performed, and the supernatant was collected after centrifugation under predetermined conditions.
- the supernatant was diluted at a predetermined magnification immediately before measurement with LC-MS / MS.
- the concentration of compounds contained in hippocampal tissue was measured using liquid chromatography and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS / MS, AquityquitUPLC I-Class system, Xevo TQ-S, Japan waters, Japan). .
- an MS method was prepared in advance for each compound using a high concentration compound (Table 6), the parent ion was decomposed to the daughter ion according to the protocol, and the concentration of the compound was measured using the MRM method. .
- the calibration curve used for concentration measurement was prepared by adding each compound at a known concentration to hippocampal tissue collected by decapitation of 6-10 week old drug-free rats under isoflurane anesthesia. .
- the recording electrode was placed on the pyramidal cells in CA1, and the stimulating electrode was placed on a shuffler fiber 100 to 200 ⁇ m away from the recording cells.
- Whole cell recording was performed with the cell membrane voltage-fixed at ⁇ 80 ⁇ mV, and with 100 microsecond stimulation applied once every 30 seconds. Recorded ground AMPA current for 5 minutes, then refluxed with ACSF plus PEPA or K-2 for 15 minutes, then recorded AMPA current for 30 minutes under reflux without PEPA or K-2 .
- ACSF was always saturated with 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 when the brain sections were allowed to stand and refluxed.
- the composition of ACSF is as follows: 119 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM CaCl 2 , 1.5 mM MgSO 4 , 26 mM NaHCO 3 , 1 mM NaH 2 PO 4 .
- the recording electrode was prepared and used with a glass tube (GD-1.5; Narimo Scientific Instruments Research Laboratories, Japan) with a tip resistance of 3-5 MOhm.
- composition of the filling solution in the recording electrode is as follows: 115 mM CsMeSO 4 , 20 mM CsCl, 10 mM HEPES, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 4 mM Na 2 ATP, 0.4 mM Na 3 GTP, 10 mM Na-phosphocreatinine ( Na-phosphocreatinine), 0.6 mM EGTA.
- the results were converted to the average value of AMPA current in the basal state for 5 minutes as 1, and indicated as the average value of AMPA current for the last 10 minutes among the records for 30 minutes after drug administration.
- the sections were rinsed 5 times with 1 ml ice-cold TBS, pH 7.5, and 150 ⁇ l homogenization buffer (150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM HEPES, 20% Triton X100) was suspended by pestle. Further, 150 ⁇ l of a homogenization buffer was added, and sonicated using a handy sonicator. Thereafter, centrifugation was performed at 14,000 ⁇ g for 15 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant ( ⁇ 300 ⁇ l) was recovered.
- 150 ⁇ l homogenization buffer 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM HEPES, 20% Triton X100
- Quantitative Western Blot-Total protein fraction and membrane protein fraction were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel (Mini-PROTEAN TGX precast Gel; Bio-rad, USA) and then transferred to a PVDF membrane.
- the membrane was treated with a blocking solution (Perfectblock; Mobitec, USA) / TBS-T (137 M NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 25 mM Tris, 0.1% Triton-X, PH7.6) for 1 hour.
- the primary antibody is Pan AMPA antibody / GluA2 / 3/4 rabbit antibody (1: 1000, cell signaling technology, USA) and GAPDH antibody to confirm that the intracellular fraction is not mixed into the membrane protein fraction.
- PET imaging was performed using microPET (Focus 220; Siemens Medical Solution). PET imaging experiment using rats: After anesthetizing rats with isoflurane (DS Pharma Animal Health, Japan), maintain anesthesia with 1.5% isoflurane concentration (2 L / min air), and inject 24G surfour needle from tail vein (Terumo, Japan) secured a venous route. After fixing the rat on the PET imaging stand, radiographic imaging for position confirmation was performed before imaging. Thereafter, 50% DMSO or K-2 dissolved in 50% DMSO was intravenously administered, and 3 minutes later, radiolabeled K-2 (about 4 MBq) was administered. During PET imaging, the body temperature was maintained at 37 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.
- % SUV Radiation dose of each tissue surrounded by VOI (MBq) / Radiation dose administered (MBq) x Body weight (g)
- radiolabeled K-2 shows extremely high brain uptake in rats, and it is known that there are many AMPA receptors histologically including hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. It was accumulated specifically in the region (left of FIG. 4 and (a) in FIG. 5).
- ShRNA can specifically suppress the expression of specific proteins.
- ShRNA capable of suppressing the expression of AMPA receptors (GluA1-3) was expressed in the left striatum using lentivirus, and non-functional shRNA scrambled RNA was expressed in the right striatum.
- in vivo PET images showed a decrease in radiolabeled K-2 uptake on the shRNA side (FIG. 11).
- the decrease in the PET image value in the 7 animals was about 30% (FIG. 12). From this result, radiolabeled K-2 showed high specificity for AMPA receptors in vivo.
- ACSF artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- AMPA ⁇ -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid
- DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
- DCM dichloromethane
- EA ethyl acetate
- PE petroleum ether
- PEPA 2- [2,6- Difluoro-4-( ⁇ 2-[(phenylsulfonyl) amino] ethyl ⁇ thio) phenoxy] acetamide
- PET Positron tomography
- TEA Tetraethylammonium
- TMS Tetramethylsilane 1-BCP: 1- (1,3-Benzodio 1- (1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl) -piperidine
- SYM2206 ( ⁇ ) -4- (4-aminophenyl) -1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-propylcarbomoyl-6,7-methylenedi
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Abstract
Description
A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO、SO又はSO2であり;
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり;
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
nは、0~4の整数である。)。
一実施態様において、式(I)の化合物中、1個又はそれ以上の原子が該原子の放射性同位体である。
用語「アルキル」とは、脂肪族飽和炭化水素の水素原子1個が失われて生じる1価の基を意味する。アルキルは、例えば、1~15個(C1-C15)の炭素原子、典型的には、1~10個(C1-C10)、1~8個(C1-C8)、1~6個(C1-C6)、1~5個(C1-C5)、1~4個(C1-C4)、1~3個(C1-C3)、1~2個(C1-C2)、又は2~6個(C2-C6)の炭素原子を有する。アルキルは、直鎖若しくは分枝状であってもよい。アルキルの例を挙げると、限定されないが、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、2-メチル-1-プロピル、2-メチル-2-プロピル、2-メチル-1-ブチル、3-メチル-1-ブチル、2-メチル-3-ブチル、2,2-ジメチル-1-プロピル、2-メチル-1-ペンチル、3-メチル-1-ペンチル、4-メチル-1-ペンチル、2-メチル-2-ペンチル、3-メチル-2-ペンチル、4-メチル-2-ペンチル、2,2-ジメチル-1-ブチル、3,3-ジメチル-1-ブチル、2-エチル-1-ブチル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、t-ブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、及びヘキシルなどがある。アルキルは、さらに適当な置換基によって置換されてもよい。用語「アルキル」は、放射性同位体を含むアルキル、例えば[11C]アルキルを含み得る。
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり、好ましくは、XがSであり、かつYがOである。
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロである。一実施態様において、R1~R4の全てが水素となることはない、すなわち、R1~R4の少なくとも1つは水素以外である。一実施態様において、R2はアルキルである。他の実施態様において、R1はアルキル又はハロである。R1は、オルト位、メタ位、又はパラ位のいずれかに存在することができる。好ましくは、R1は、パラ位に存在する。さらに他の実施態様において、R3及びR4のうちの一方が、水素であり、他方がアルキルである。
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロである。好ましくは、R5は、ハロであり、特に好ましくは、フルオロである。さらに好ましくは、R5は、Y基に対して両方のオルト位(すなわち、X基に対して両方のメタ位)に存在する。
nは、0~4の整数である。好ましくは、nは2である。
A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO、SO又はSO2であり;
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり;
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
nは、0~4の整数であり;
1個又はそれ以上の原子が該原子の放射性同位体である。)である。
さらに他の実施態様において、式(I)の化合物として、AがSO2であり、ZがCOであり、XがSであり、YがOであり、R2がアルキルであり、R1が水素、アルキル又はハロであり、R1がアルキル又はハロである場合、R1はパラ位に存在し、R3及びR4のうち一方が、水素であり、他方がアルキルであり、R5がハロ、特にフルオロであって、R5はY基に対して両方のオルト位(すなわち、X基に対して両方のメタ位)に存在し、nが2であって、R1~R4の1個が、放射性同位体を含む基(例えば、[11C]アルキル(好ましくは11CH3)、[11C]アルケニル、又は[11C]アルキニル、或いは、18F)がより好ましい。
(合成例1)
R2がアルキル、アルケニル又はアルキニルである式(I)の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物は、例えば、下記式(II)の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物:
R1がアルキル、アルケニル、又はアルキニルである式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物は、例えば、下記式(III)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物:
式(I)の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物は、AMPA受容体に特異的に結合することができる。したがって、式(I)の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物は、AMPA受容体のイメージングに使用することができる。特に、該化合物は、分子プローブ、例えば、PETプローブとして使用することができる。
さらに、本発明は、式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物を投与された被験体の脳から発せられる放射線を検出する工程を有する、AMPA受容体のイメージング方法を提供する。
以下に実施例を記載する。下記実施例は、請求の範囲に関する理解を深めるために記載しているものであり、請求の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。
(K-1及びK-2の合成)
下記スキームに従って、2-[2,6-ジフルオロ-4-({2-[(フェニルスルホニル)アミノ]エチル}チオ)フェノキシ]アセトアミド(K-1,PEPA)及び{4-[2-(ベンゼンスルホニル-メチル-アミノ)-エチルスルファニル]-2,6-ジフルオロ-フェノキシ}-アセトアミド(K-2)を合成した。
各化合物の1H NMRスペクトルは、TMSを内部標準として使用し、Bruker Avance III 400 MHz又はVarian Mercury plus-300 MHzで記録した。
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.78 (s, 3H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 6.86-6.99 (m, 3H).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.52 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H).
1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.95 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (q, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 5.20 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76-6.83 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.82-7.84 (m, 2H).
1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.81 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 6.90-6.94 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.74-7.77 (m, 2H).
1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.82 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.26 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 6.93-6.99 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.75-7.78 (m, 2H).
1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3 + D2O): δ 2.97-3.02 (m, 2H), 3.11-3.16 (m, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 6.82-6.90 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.82-7.87 (m, 2H).
1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.36-3.39 (m, 4H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.63 (s, 3H), 7.87-7.89 (s, 2H).
(M-1、M-2及びM-3の合成)
下記スキームに従って、2-[4-(2-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ-エチルスルファニル)-2,6-ジフルオロ-フェノキシ]-N-メチル-アセトアミド(M-1)、2-{2,6-ジフルオロ-4-[2-(4-フルオロ-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ)-エチルスルファニル]-フェノキシ}-アセトアミド(M-2)、及び2-{2,6-ジフルオロ-4-[2-(4-メチル-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ)-エチルスルファニル]-フェノキシ}-アセトアミド(M-3)を合成した。
各化合物の1H NMRスペクトルは、TMSを内部標準として使用し、Varian Mercury plus-400 MHzで記録した。LCMSは、下記のものを使用した:Agilent 1200A, カラム: C18; カラムサイズ: 4.6 * 50分; 移動相: B(ACN), A(0.05%NH3の水); 勾配(B%):実施例に示すとおり。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.30 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.68 (m, 2H).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO_d6): δ 3.20-3.23 (t, 2H), 3.75-3.79 (t, 2H), 7.08-7.10 (d, 2H), 7.84 (s, 4H).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.21-1.24 (t, 3H), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H), 3.84-3.88 (t, 2H), 4.18-4.20 (d, 2H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 6.91-6.94 (d, 2H), 7.66-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.79 (m, 2H).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO_d6): δ 2.65-2.66 (d, 3H), 2.91-2.94 (t, 2H), 2.01-3.04 (t, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 7.10-7.12 (d, 2H), 7.57-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.76-7.78 (d, 2H), 7.92-7.95 (t, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H).
MS: m/z 417(M+1)+
LCMS [移動相: 90% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び10% CH3CNから5% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び95% CH3CN、6.0分、最終的にこれらの条件下0.5分] 純度97.4%, Rt = 3.341分; MS Calcd.: 416; MS Found: 417 ([M+1]+).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO_d6): δ 2.92-2.95 (t, 2H), 3.01-3.04 (t, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 7.09-7.11 (d, 2H), 7.40-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.95-7.98 (t, 1H).
MS: m/z 421(M+1)+
LCMS [移動相: 90% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び10% CH3CNから5% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び95% CH3CN、6分、最終的にこれらの条件下0.5分] 純度95.1%, Rt = 3.284分; MS Calcd.: 420; MS Found: 421 ([M+1]+).
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO_d6): δ 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.91 (t, 2H), 2.99-3.02 (t, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 7.08-7.10 (d, 2H), 7.37-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.64-7.66 (d, 2H), 7.81-7.84 (t, 1H).
MS: m/z 417(M+1)+
LCMS [移動相: 90% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び10% CH3CNから5% 水(0.1% NH4OH)及び95% CH3CN、6.0分、最終的にこれらの条件下0.5分] 純度96.6%, Rt = 3.365分; MS Calcd.: 416; MS Found: 417 ([M+1]+).
(M-3preの合成)
下記スキームに従って、2-(2,6-ジフルオロ-4-((2-(4-(トリブチルスタンニル)フェニルスルホンアミド)エチル)チオ)フェノキシ)アセトアミド(M-3pre)を合成した。
各化合物の1H NMRスペクトルは、TMSを内部標準として使用し、Bruker Avance III 400 MHz及びBruker Fourier 300 MHzで記録した。LCMSは、下記のものを使用した:四重極質量分析計、Agilent LC/MSD 1200シリーズ(カラム: ODS 2000 (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) ES (+)又は(-)イオン化モードで操作; T = 30℃; 流速 = 1.5 mL/分; 検出波長: 254 nm。
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ 1.19 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 4.17 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 7.06-7.13 (m, 3H).
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ 1.18 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 4.16 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.21 (m, 2H).
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ 3.52 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ 3.12-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.43 (t, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.79-7.82 (m, 2H), 8.13 (t, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H).
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ 2.94-2.98 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 5.33 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.70 (m, 4H).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ 2.93-2.96 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.03 (m, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (br s, 1H).
1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz): δ 0.94 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 9H), 1.12-1.17 (m, 5H), 1.29-1.39 (m, 8H), 1.52-1.60 (m, 5H), 2.98-3.06 (m, 4H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H); LCMS [移動相: 30% 水(0.02% NH4OAc)及び70% CH3CNから5% 水(0.02% NH4OAc)及び95% CH3CN、6分、最終的にこれらの条件下0.5分] 純度>95%, Rt = 4.259分; MS Calcd.: 692; MS Found: 693 ([M+H]+).
(放射性標識化K-2の合成)
放射性標識化K-2を下記のように合成した。
(放射性標識化M-3の合成)
1mLのガラスバイアルに、Pd2(dba)3 (1.74 mg)、塩化第一銅 (1.7 mg)、炭酸カリウム (2.25 mg)を計り取り、その混合物に、P(o-tol)3 (1.7 mg)のDMF (300μL)溶液を窒素雰囲気下で加えた。室温下で約5分程度撹拌してから、本溶液を標識用反応容器に移した。[11C]CH3Iを冷却下で捕集し、放射能が飽和した後に、原料のトリブチルスズ体(preM-3) (1.6mg)のDMF溶液 (300μL)を加え、80℃で約5分間反応させた。反応混合物をPTFEフィルターを通して固形物を除去してからHPLC分離を行い、約7分付近のRIピーク部分を分取、濃縮、調剤化した。
Pd2(dba)3:トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム
P(o-tolyl)3:トリ(o-トリル)ホスフィン
(生物学的実施例)
(AMPA受容体結合化合物の調製及び投与)
LC-MS/MS実験において、合成したすべての化合物を、100% DMSOに2.5 mMの濃度となるように溶解し、投与直前に生理食塩水で希釈し(PEPA (1.2 pmol/g)、M-1 (12 pmol/g)、K-2 (12 pmol/g)、M-3 (60 pmol/g)、及びM-2 (240 pmol/g))、経静脈的に投与した。電気生理学実験においては、PEPA及びK-2を、100% DMSOに150 mMの濃度となるように溶解し、実験直前に還流液であるACSFで150μMの濃度となるよう希釈して使用した。生化学実験及びPETのブロッキング実験では、K-2を50% DMSOに2.5 mM及び25 mMの濃度となるように溶解し、1μl/体重(g)の投与量にて、それぞれ0.5 mg/kg及び5 mg/kgとなるようにラットに経静脈的に投与した。
すべての動物実験は、横浜市立大学及び放射線医学総合研究所の動物実験委員会の審議及び承認を受けた。
ラットは、6~10週齢のオス成体Sprague-Dawleyラット(SDラット)(チャールズリバー、日本)を使用した。
化合物ごとに測定条件の最適化を行った結果、生体への投与量や測定時の希釈倍率が異なることがわかった。従って、投与した化合物の何%が海馬に集積したかを示すため、以下の計算式を用いて、%ID/g(percentage injected dose per gram tissue)を算出した:
%ID/g = 測定値(pM)×希釈倍率×10/化合物の投与濃度(pmol/g)×体重(g)/組織重量(mg)
AMPA受容体に結合することが分かっている化合物5種類をラットに尾静脈から投与し、投与15分後に海馬組織を回収し、そこに蓄積する化合物濃度を測定ところ、PEPAの集積が最も高かった。この結果から、PEPAが最も血中から脳への移行率が高いことが示唆された。(図1)。
PEPAのメチル付与体であるK-2が、自身の結合領域以外の受容体に対して結合する能力を60の標的受容体に対して網羅的に調べた。その結果、他に結合しうる受容体はなく、PEPAの特異性が高いことが示唆された。
7~8週齢の雄性SDラットを使用した。イソフルランによる麻酔下で断頭し、ビブラトーム(VT1000;Leica、ドイツ)を使用して、海馬を含む厚さ400μmの急性脳切片を作成した。該切片を、ACSF中で、60分間室温で静置した後、全細胞記録法によりAMPA電流を計測した。ACSFを3 ml/分の速度で還流する条件下で、100μM ピクロトキシン及び100μM DL-APVを投与して、AMPA電流のみを単離して計測した。
海馬膜表面分画-7~8週齢の雄性SDラットを使用した。イソフルランによる麻酔下でK-2又は50% DMSOを経静脈的に投与し、15分後に断頭を行った。ビブラトームを使用して海馬を含む厚さ400μmの急性脳切片を作成し、該切片を60分間室温のACSFで静置した。続いて、膜表面タンパク質をビオチン化させるため、急性脳切片から海馬切片のみを摘出し、該切片を、2.0 mg/mlのビオチン(EZ Link Sulfo-NHS-Biotin;Thermo Scientific、アメリカ)を含んだACSF内で、45分間、4℃でゆっくりと撹拌した。ビオチン化後、該切片を1 mlの氷冷TBS, pH7.5で5回リンスし、150μlのホモジナイゼーションバッファー(Homogenization buffer) (150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM HEPES, 20% Triton X100)内でペッスルにより懸濁した。さらに150μlのホモジナイゼーションバッファーを加え、ハンディーソニケーターを用いて超音波破砕した。その後、14,000×gで15分間、4℃で遠心分離を行い、上清(~300μl)を回収した。タンパク定量により上清のタンパク質濃度の均一化を行った後、50μlの上清を10μlの6×サンプルバッファーと混合し、100℃で5分間加熱して総タンパク質分画(total fraction)を回収した。また、ビオチン化された表面タンパク質を免疫沈降するため、150μlの残った上清を150μlのNeutrAvidinアガロース樹脂(Thermo Scientific、アメリカ)と混合し、16時間4℃で撹拌した。その後、2,000×g、1分間4℃で遠心を行い、上清を捨て、残ったビーズを1000μlのIPバファーで5回リンスした。続いて150μlの2×サンプルバッファーを加え、5分間加熱後、上清を回収し、膜タンパク質分画(surface fraction)を得た。
PET撮像は、microPET(Focus 220;Siemens Medical Solution)を用いて行った。
ラットを用いたPET撮像実験:イソフルラン(DSファーマ アニマルヘルス、日本)でラットを入眠させた後、1.5%のイソフルラン濃度(空気 2 L/分)で麻酔を維持し、尾静脈より24Gサーフロー留置針(テルモ、日本)で静脈路を確保した。ラットをPET撮像台に固定した後、撮像の前に位置確認のための放射撮像を行った。その後、50% DMSO又は50% DMSOに溶解したK-2を経静脈的に投与し、その3分後に、放射性標識したK-2(約4 MBq)を投与した。PET撮像中は、体温をフィードバック型加温盤(BWT-100A;バイオリサーチセンター、日本)を用いて37±0.5℃に維持した。撮像後、静脈路を抜去し、イソフルラン投与を中止した後に、ラットをPET撮像台より外し、ホームケージに戻した。ラットは、撮像後1週間、撮像した部屋にて飼育し、その後、通常のラット集団飼育室に戻した。
%SUV = VOIで囲われた各組織の放射線量(MBq)/投与した放射線量(MBq)×体重(g)
(AMPA受容体認識化合物の特性評価)
合成した化合物のAMPA受容体への結合特性を評価するため、電気生理学及び生化学的手法を用いて解析を行った。成体ラットから作製した急性海馬切片を用いて、PEPAの15分間投与によりAMPA電流が有意に増加することを確認した(2.4±0.13、4動物からn=4;p=0.01 vs 基準)。また、K-2を用いて同様の実験を行い、K-2もAMPA電流が有意に増加することを確認した(1.7±0.22、4動物からn=5;p=0.01 vs 基準)(図2)。
K-2がAMPA受容体に対する結合を示すことが明らかとなったため、続いて、放射性標識化K-2をラットに投与し、インビボでのPET撮像を行った。その結果、ラットにおいて放射性標識化K-2は、極めて高い脳内への取り込みを示し、海馬、線条体、及び小脳を含む組織学的にAMPA受容体が多く存在することが知られている領域に特異的に集積された(図4左及び図5中(a))。
ACSF:人工脳脊髄液
AMPA:α-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシ-5-メチル-4-イソキサゾール-プロピオン酸
DIPEA:ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DCM:ジクロロメタン
EA:酢酸エチル
PE:石油エーテル
PEPA:2-[2,6-ジフルオロ-4-({2-[(フェニルスルホニル)アミノ]エチル}チオ)フェノキシ]アセトアミド
PET:ポジトロン断層撮影法
TEA:テトラエチルアンモニウム
TMS:テトラメチルシラン
1-BCP:1-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イルカルボニル)-ピペリジン(1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)-piperidine)
SYM2206:(±)-4-(4-アミノフェニル)-1,2-ジヒドロ-1-メチル-2-プロピルカルボモイル-6,7-メチレンジオキシフタラジン((±)-4-(4-Aminophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-propylcarbamoyl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazine)
GYKI:4-(8-メチル-9H-[1,3]ジオキソロ[4,5-h][2,3]ベンゾジアゼピン-5-イル)アニリン(4-(8-methyl-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][2,3]benzodiazepin-5-yl)aniline)
CX546:2,3-ジヒドロ-1,4-ベンゾジオキシン-7-イル-(1-ピぺリジル)メタノン(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-7-yl-(1-piperidyl)methanone)
Claims (31)
- 式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物:
A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO、SO又はSO2であり;
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり;
R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
nは、0~4の整数であり;
但し、2-[2,6-ジフルオロ-4-({2-[(フェニルスルホニル)アミノ]エチル}チオ)フェノキシ]アセトアミド、4-[2-(4-クロロフェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2,6-ジフルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチル-4-[2-(4-クロロフェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2,6-ジフルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、4-[2-(4-クロロフェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2-フルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチル-4-[2-(4-クロロフェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2-フルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチル-4-[2-(フェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2,6-ジフルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、4-[2-(フェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2-フルオロフェノキシアセトアミド、及びN,N-ジメチル-4-[2-(フェニルスルホニルアミノ)エチルチオ]-2-フルオロフェノキシアセトアミドを除く。)。 - R1~R4の全てが、水素となることはない、請求項1記載の化合物。
- A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO又はSO2である、請求項1又は2記載の化合物。
- AがSO2であり、かつZがCOである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- XがSであり、かつYがOである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- R2がアルキルである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- R1がアルキル又はハロである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- R3及びR4のうちの一方が水素であり、他方がアルキルである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- R5がハロである、請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- 前記ハロがフルオロである、請求項9記載の化合物。
- nが2である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- 前記放射性同位体が、11C又は18Fである、請求項13記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物。
- 放射性同位体を含む基がR1である、請求項14記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物。
- 放射性同位体を含む基がR2である、請求項14記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物。
- 放射性同位体を含む基がR3及びR4の少なくとも一方である、請求項14記載の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物。
- 請求項1~18のいずれか一項記載の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物を含む、組成物。
- α-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシ-5-メチル-4-イソキサゾール-プロピオン酸受容体をイメージングするために用いられる、請求項19記載の組成物。
- PETイメージング用である、請求項20記載の組成物。
- 式(I)の化合物又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物の製造方法であって:
A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO、SO又はSO2であり;
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり;
R1、R3及びR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
R2は、アルキル、アルケニル、又はアルキニルであり;
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
nは、0~4の整数である。);
式(II)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物:
- 前記R2が、[11C]アルキルである、請求項23記載の製造方法。
- 前記式(I)及び式(II)中のR3及びR4が、いずれも水素である、請求項23又は24記載の製造方法。
- 式(I)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物の製造方法であって:
A及びZは、それぞれ独立に、CO、SO又はSO2であり;
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、S又はOであり;
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、又はアルキニルであり;
R2~R4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
R5は、出現ごとにそれぞれ独立に、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル又はハロであり;
nは、0~4の整数である。);
式(III)の化合物、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒和物:
- 前記反応が、パラジウム触媒、ホスフィンリガンド、炭酸塩及びハロゲン化銅の存在下で行われる、請求項26記載の製造方法。
- 前記R1が、[11C]アルキルである、請求項26又は27記載の製造方法。
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16821400.5A EP3321252B1 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Novel compound that specifically binds to ampa receptor |
RU2018104555A RU2705595C2 (ru) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Новое соединение, специфически связывающееся с рецептором ampa |
KR1020187003434A KR101997699B1 (ko) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Ampa 수용체에 특이적으로 결합하는 신규 화합물 |
BR112017028639-4A BR112017028639B1 (pt) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Composto que liga especificamente ao receptor ampa, composição farmacêutica que o compreende, uso do mesmo e métodos para a produção do referido composto e para a formação de imagem de um receptor ampa |
HK18109646.9A HK1250230B (zh) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | 和ampa受體特異性結合的新穎化合物 |
DK16821400.5T DK3321252T3 (da) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Ny forbindelse der specifikt binder til ampa-receptor |
PL16821400T PL3321252T3 (pl) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Nowy związek, który specyficznie wiąże się z receptorem AMPA |
CA2991400A CA2991400C (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Phenylsulphonamide derivatives useful as ampa receptor imaging agents |
US15/741,965 US10335503B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Compound that specifically binds to AMPA receptor |
CN201680039488.6A CN107922328B (zh) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | 和ampa受体特异性结合的新颖化合物 |
ES16821400T ES2829638T3 (es) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Nuevo compuesto que se une específicamente al receptor AMPA |
JP2017527464A JP6425817B2 (ja) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Ampa受容体に特異的に結合する新規化合物 |
SG11201800071PA SG11201800071PA (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Novel compound that specifically binds to ampa receptor |
AU2016289031A AU2016289031C1 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Novel compound that specifically binds to AMPA receptor |
MX2018000242A MX386015B (es) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Compuesto novedoso que se une específicamente a receptor de ácido alfa-amino-3-hidroxi-5-metil-4-isoxazol-propiónico (ampa). |
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WO2018131662A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-19 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | Ampa受容体に関連する疾患の予防及び/又は治療剤 |
JP2018111682A (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-19 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 霊長類生体の脳内ampa受容体のイメージング方法、プログラム、及びスクリーニング方法 |
WO2019046240A1 (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Neurovation Labs, Inc. | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING GLUA1 IN THE BRAIN AND IDENTIFYING GLUA1-INDUCED POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER |
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WO2017151487A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | Neurovation Labs, Inc. | Detection of glua1 in brain to identify the presence of glua1 -mediated ptsd |
CN110483343B (zh) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-08-27 | 泰州职业技术学院 | 一种新型的磺酰氯衍生物、其制备方法及其应用 |
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WO2018131662A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-19 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | Ampa受容体に関連する疾患の予防及び/又は治療剤 |
JP2018111682A (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-19 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 霊長類生体の脳内ampa受容体のイメージング方法、プログラム、及びスクリーニング方法 |
WO2018131663A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-19 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 霊長類生体の脳内ampa受容体のイメージング方法、プログラム、診断薬、コンパニオン診断薬、医薬、スクリーニング方法、入力端末、サーバ及びシステム |
CN110494133A (zh) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-11-22 | 公立大学法人横滨市立大学 | Ampa受体相关疾病的预防及/或治疗剂 |
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WO2019046240A1 (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Neurovation Labs, Inc. | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING GLUA1 IN THE BRAIN AND IDENTIFYING GLUA1-INDUCED POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER |
US11439715B2 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2022-09-13 | Neurovation Labs, Inc. | Compositions and methods to detect GLUA1 in brain and to identify the presence of GLUA1-mediated post-traumatic stress disorder and other neurological disorders |
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EP3321252B1 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
US10335503B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
EP3321252A4 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
HK1250230A1 (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
RU2018104555A (ru) | 2019-08-06 |
DK3321252T3 (da) | 2020-11-16 |
MX386015B (es) | 2025-03-18 |
AU2016289031B2 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
BR112017028639A2 (ja) | 2018-09-11 |
US20180200391A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
KR101997699B1 (ko) | 2019-07-08 |
RU2705595C2 (ru) | 2019-11-11 |
PL3321252T3 (pl) | 2021-04-06 |
BR112017028639B1 (pt) | 2023-03-21 |
CA2991400C (en) | 2020-05-12 |
MX2018000242A (es) | 2018-03-08 |
KR20180025951A (ko) | 2018-03-09 |
RU2018104555A3 (ja) | 2019-08-06 |
IL256735A (en) | 2018-03-29 |
AU2016289031A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
CA2991400A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
ES2829638T3 (es) | 2021-06-01 |
CN107922328A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
CN107922328B (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
AU2016289031C1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
IL256735B (en) | 2021-02-28 |
JP6425817B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 |
SG11201800071PA (en) | 2018-02-27 |
JPWO2017006931A1 (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
TW201706242A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3321252A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
TWI675820B (zh) | 2019-11-01 |
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