WO2015147020A1 - アミド化合物 - Google Patents
アミド化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015147020A1 WO2015147020A1 PCT/JP2015/059026 JP2015059026W WO2015147020A1 WO 2015147020 A1 WO2015147020 A1 WO 2015147020A1 JP 2015059026 W JP2015059026 W JP 2015059026W WO 2015147020 A1 WO2015147020 A1 WO 2015147020A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- salt
- receptor
- renal failure
- chronic renal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
- A61K31/4725—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
Definitions
- the present invention provides 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-bromo-1- (isoquinoline) useful as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions, for example, pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- pharmaceutical compositions for example, pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- -3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] benzoic acid hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound A”), or a salt thereof.
- Prostaglandin E2 (hereinafter referred to as “PGE2”) is known as one of metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade. PGE2 exhibits various physiological activities, including pain enhancement, inflammation promotion, inflammation suppression, uterine contraction, gastrointestinal peristalsis promotion, arousal, gastric acid secretion inhibition, blood pressure lowering, platelet aggregation inhibition, It is involved in promoting bone resorption and angiogenesis. There are four subtypes of receptors for PGE2, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4, which are widely distributed in various tissues. Activation of the EP1 receptor causes an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ .
- EP3 receptor causes an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ and also suppresses adenylate cyclase and decreases intracellular cAMP levels.
- Activation of the EP2 and EP4 receptors causes activation of adenylate cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP levels.
- EP4 receptor is said to be involved in relaxation of smooth muscle, promotion or suppression of inflammatory response, lymphocyte differentiation, mesangial cell hypertrophy or proliferation, mucus secretion from gastrointestinal tract, etc. (Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013, 138: 485-502; Pharmacologic Reviews 2013, 65: 1010-1052; American Journal of Physiology, Real Physiology 2004, 287, F673-F681).
- EP receptor antagonists are expected as drugs for treating diseases caused by PGE2.
- EP4 receptor antagonists are expected as therapeutic agents in humans and animals for diseases related to EP4, such as kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, various pains, etc.
- EP4 receptor selective antagonists are desirable in that they can avoid side effects based on antagonism of other EP1, EP2 and EP3 (Physical Reviews 1999, 79: 1193-1226; Annual Reviews Physiology 2001, 63: 579-605). .
- Patent Document 1 reports a compound represented by the following formula (B) as an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- ring D is a group of the following formula (III), etc., wherein ring D 1 is a monocyclic or bicyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally substituted with phenyl, R 41 is — X 2 -B 4 , X 2 represents C 1-6 alkylene and the like, B 4 represents aryl, heterocycle, etc., each of which may be substituted with the same or different 1 to 5 groups selected from R 4 (Refer to the patent document for other symbols.)
- Example 205 of the patent document the following Example compound is disclosed, but as the specific compound in which ring D 1 is pyrazole, the Example compound is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 reports a compound represented by the following formula (C) as an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- C an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- R 2 represents methyl, fluoromethyl and the like
- R 4 represents fluoromethyl, methoxy and the like. For other symbols, refer to the patent literature.
- Patent Document 3 reports a compound represented by the following formula (D) as an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- R 2 represents methyl, fluoromethyl (eg, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl), etc.
- R 4 represents fluoromethyl, methoxy, etc.
- R 2 represents methyl, fluoromethyl (eg, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl), etc.
- R 4 represents fluoromethyl, methoxy, etc.
- Patent Document 4 reports a compound represented by the following formula (E) as an EP4 receptor ligand. (Refer to the patent document for symbols in the formula.)
- Patent Document 5 reports a compound represented by the following formula (F) as an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- F an EP4 receptor antagonist.
- ring B and ring D are the same or different from each other, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycle
- X represents a single bond
- R 00 represents Lower alkylene
- R 1 represents H
- A is a group of the following formula (II), etc., in which Y is CH, R 2 is R 0 etc., R 0 is lower alkyl
- Z represents a single bond, R 3 represents —COOH, etc.
- R 3 represents —COOH, etc.
- Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 5 the structures of the compounds specifically disclosed in Examples and Compound A are different.
- a compound useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for example, a pharmaceutical composition for treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- the present inventors diligently investigated a compound having an EP4 receptor antagonistic action, and showed 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-bromo-1- (isoquinoline-3- We have found that (Ilmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] benzoic acid (Compound A) or a salt thereof exhibits excellent EP4 receptor antagonism and completed the present invention. . That is, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing Compound A or a salt thereof, and Compound A or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy comprising Compound A or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition includes a preventive or therapeutic agent for chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy containing Compound A or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the present invention also relates to the use of Compound A or a salt thereof for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy, the prevention or prevention of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- the “subject” is a human or other animal that needs the prevention or treatment, and as a certain aspect, it is a human that needs the prevention or treatment.
- compound A or a salt thereof has EP4 receptor antagonistic activity, it can be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for prevention and / or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- (5-2) A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- (5-3) The compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2), which is used for prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient A pharmaceutical composition comprising (5-4) The crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, which are used for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy A pharmaceutical composition comprising (6-1) Use of the compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2) for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (6-2) Use of the crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (7-1) The compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2) for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (7-2) The crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) for prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (8-1) Use of the compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2) for prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (8-2) Use of the crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- (9-1) A method for preventing or treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy, comprising administering an effective amount of the compound according to any one of (1) to (1-2) to a subject.
- (9-2) A method for preventing or treating chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy, comprising administering an effective amount of the crystal according to any one of (2) to (4-3) to a subject.
- the present invention includes a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of the compound represented by Compound A or a salt thereof.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug is a compound having a group that can be converted to a carboxyl group by solvolysis or under physiological conditions. Examples of groups that form prodrugs include those described in Prog. Med. 5, 2157-2161 (1985) and “Development of pharmaceuticals” (Yodogawa Shoten, 1990), Volume 7, Molecular Design 163-198.
- the salt of Compound A is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and may form an acid addition salt or a salt with a base.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid
- Acid addition with organic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid Salts, salts with inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum, salts with organic bases such as methylamine, ethylamine
- the present invention also includes various hydrates and solvates of compound A or a salt thereof, and polymorphic substances.
- the present invention also includes Compound A or a salt thereof labeled with various radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes.
- “near” included in the description of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ (°)) in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and the onset temperature (° C.) of the endothermic peak in the DSC analysis is usually allowed in the data measurement method.
- Error range which means that the diffraction angle and endothermic peak are onset values.
- the error range of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ (°)) in powder X-ray diffraction is ⁇ 0.2 ° in one embodiment, and ⁇ 0.1 ° in another embodiment.
- the error range of the onset temperature (° C.) of the endothermic peak in the DSC analysis is ⁇ 2 ° C. as one embodiment, and ⁇ 1 ° C. as another embodiment.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern is important for determining the identity of the crystal because of the nature of the data, the crystal lattice spacing and the overall pattern are important, and the diffraction angle and the diffraction intensity are the crystal growth direction, particle size, It may vary somewhat depending on the measurement conditions.
- Compound A or a salt thereof can be produced by applying various known synthesis methods utilizing characteristics based on the basic structure or the type of substituent. At that time, depending on the type of functional group, it is effective in terms of production technology to replace the functional group with an appropriate protective group (a group that can be easily converted into the functional group) at the stage from the raw material to the intermediate. There is a case. Examples of such protecting groups are described in, for example, “Green's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4th Edition, 2006)” by P. GM M. Wuts and T. W. Green. The protecting groups described can be mentioned, and may be appropriately selected and used according to these reaction conditions.
- the desired compound after carrying out the reaction by introducing the protective group, the desired compound can be obtained by removing the protective group as necessary.
- the prodrug of compound A can be produced by introducing a specific group at the stage from the raw material to the intermediate, or by performing further reaction using the obtained compound A, as in the case of the above-mentioned protecting group.
- the reaction can be carried out by applying a method known to those skilled in the art, such as ordinary esterification, amidation, dehydration and the like.
- typical production methods of Compound A will be described. Each manufacturing method can also be performed with reference to the reference attached to the said description.
- the manufacturing method of this invention is not limited to the example shown below. Unless otherwise specified, in the symbols shown in the structural formulas of the production method, the same symbols represent the same meaning.
- Ra is linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, etc.
- Compound A represented by the formula (I) can be produced by hydrolysis of the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the hydrolysis reaction can be performed with reference to the above-mentioned “Green's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4th edition, 2006)”.
- the starting compound (5) can be produced by an amidation reaction of the compound (3) and the compound (4).
- an equal amount of compound (3) and compound (4) or an excess of one is used, and in the presence of a condensing agent, in a solvent inert to the reaction, from cooling to heating, preferably from ⁇ 20 ° C. to 60 ° C. It is usually carried out by stirring at 0.1 ° C. for 0.1 hour to 5 days.
- the solvent is not particularly limited.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylene
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) or chloroform
- ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DME), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, acetonitrile or water, or a mixture thereof.
- condensing agent 1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1,2,3-triazolo [4,5-b] pyridine-1-ium-3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HATU), 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), diphenyl
- DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- CDI 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
- an additive such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) for the reaction, and for example, triethylamine (TEA), N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), or N-methylmorpholine (NMM).
- TEA triethylamine
- DIPEA N, N-diisopropylethylamine
- NMM N-methylmorpholine
- an organic base such as
- an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or potassium hydroxide
- an isocyanate-supported polystyrene resin such as PS-isocyanate (Argonaute Technology, USA) can be used.
- a polystyrene resin carrying a quaternary ammonium salt such as MP-Carbonate (Argonaute Technology, USA) is used for the purpose of removing excess carboxylic acid and the above-mentioned additives after completion of the reaction. Can do.
- a method in which the compound (3) is reacted with the compound (4) after being led to a reactive derivative can also be used.
- the reactive derivative of compound (3) include acid halides obtained by reacting with halogenating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride and thionyl chloride, mixed acid anhydrides obtained by reacting with isobutyl chloroformate, HOBt, and the like. Active esters obtained by condensation with the like.
- reaction between these reactive derivatives and the compound (4) is carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction of the halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, etc., under cooling to heating, preferably ⁇ It can be carried out at 20 ° C to 60 ° C.
- Raw material manufacturing method 2 (In the formula, X represents a leaving group.)
- the raw material compound (2) can be produced by an alkylation reaction of the compound (5) and the compound (6).
- Specific examples of the leaving group represented by X include halogen, methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group and the like.
- an equivalent amount of compound (5) and compound (6) or an excess amount of one of them is used, and a mixture of these in a solvent inert to the reaction or in the absence of solvent, from cooling to heating under reflux, preferably Stir at 0 to 80 ° C. for usually 0.1 hour to 10 days.
- solvent used here examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, THF, dioxane and DME, and halogens such as DCM, DCE and chloroform. Hydrocarbons, DMF, DMSO, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and mixtures thereof.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- ethers such as diethyl ether, THF, dioxane and DME
- halogens such as DCM, DCE and chloroform.
- Hydrocarbons, DMF, DMSO, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dimethylacetamide, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and mixtures thereof.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic base such as TEA, DIPEA or NMM, or an inorganic base such as potassium tert-butoxide, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium hydroxide in order to facilitate the reaction. May be advantageous.
- an organic base such as TEA, DIPEA or NMM
- an inorganic base such as potassium tert-butoxide, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium hydroxide
- Compound A is isolated and purified as a free compound, its salt, hydrate, solvate, or crystalline polymorphic substance.
- the salt of Compound A can also be produced by subjecting it to a conventional salt formation reaction. Isolation and purification are performed by applying ordinary chemical operations such as extraction, fractional crystallization, and various fractional chromatography. Optical isomers are obtained by general optical resolution of racemates (for example, fractional crystallization leading to diastereomeric salts with optically active bases or acids, chromatography using chiral columns, etc.) It can also be produced from a suitable optically active raw material compound.
- Test Example 1 Rat EP4 receptor affinity evaluation test Construction of rat EP4 receptor expression vector: The rat EP4 receptor gene (GenBank accession number: NM_032076.1) was introduced into the expression vector pcDNA3.1-V5-His-TOPO (Invitrogen). Transient expression of rat EP4 receptor: The rat EP4 receptor expression vector was introduced into HEK-293 cells (ATCC No .: CRL-1573). For the introduction, Lipofectamine (registered trademark) 2000 reagent (Invitrogen) was used according to the attached instructions. After introduction, the cells were cultured in ⁇ -MEM medium for 20-24 hours.
- Preparation of membrane fraction The medium was removed by aspiration, 10 mL of cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was added per 15 cm dish, and the cells were scraped using a cell scraper (Sumitomo Bakelite).
- PBS cold phosphate buffered saline
- the obtained precipitate was suspended in 1 mL of 50 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH (Dojindo Laboratories) (pH 7.5) per dish, homogenized, and stored frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. as a membrane fraction. At this time, a part was used for the measurement of protein concentration. The protein concentration was measured using a Bio-Rad Protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories) in duplicate according to the attached standard protocol.
- [ 3 H] PGE2 and membrane fraction are assay buffer (50 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH, 10 mmol / L MgCl 2 , pH 7.5), test compound and unlabeled PGE2 (Cayman) are DMSO and assay buffer Diluted with The composition of the reaction solution (200 ⁇ L) was 50 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.5), 10 mmol / L MgCl 2 , 0.3 nmol / L [ 3 H] PGE2 (Perkin Elmer) 50 ⁇ L, rat EP4 The cell membrane fraction (200 ⁇ g protein / mL) was 100 ⁇ L and the test compound (final concentrations 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 nmol / L) was 50 ⁇ L.
- unlabeled PGE2 (Cayman) was added so that the final concentration was 1 ⁇ mol / L.
- the reaction solution was incubated in a 96-well microplate (Sumitomo Bakelite) for 1 hour at room temperature.
- the reaction solution was filtered with a filter paper UniFilter-96 GF / B (Perkin Elmer) using a FilterMate harvester (Perkin Elmer).
- the filtered filter paper was washed three times with 300 ⁇ L / well of a cold assay buffer and then dried overnight in a drier, and liquid scintillator MicroScint20 (Perkin Elmer) 50 ⁇ L / well was added.
- the Ki value was calculated according to a conventional method. As a result of the evaluation, the Ki value of Compound A for rat EP4 receptor was 0.874 nmol / L. In addition, the Ki value with respect to the rat EP4 receptor of the compound of Example 205 of Patent Document 1 was 140 nmol / L.
- Test Example 2 Human EP4 receptor affinity evaluation test Binding Assay: [ 3 H] PGE2 and human EP4 cell membrane fraction (Chemicon) were assay buffer (50 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH, 5 mmol / L MgCl 2 , 1 mmol / L CaCl 2 (pH 7.4), 0.5%). The test compound and unlabeled PGE2 (Sigma) were diluted with DMSO and assay buffer with bovine serum albumin (Bovine serum albumin (BSA)).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the composition of the reaction solution (250 ⁇ L) consists of 175 ⁇ L of assay buffer containing [ 3 H] PGE2 (final concentration of 2.9 nmol / L), 50 ⁇ L of membrane fraction (Chemicon, 40 ⁇ g protein / mL), and test compound. (Final concentrations 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nmol / L) 25 ⁇ L. For measurement of non-specific binding, unlabeled PGE2 was added so that the final concentration was 10 ⁇ mol / L. The final concentration of DMSO was 1%. The reaction was incubated at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes. The reaction solution was filtered through filter paper GF / C (Whatman) using a cell harvester (Brandell).
- the filter paper after filtration was washed three times with 1 mL of a solution containing 50 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4), 500 mmol / L NaCl, and 0.1% BSA.
- Filter paper GF / C was placed in an assay vial, and 5 mL of liquid scintillator Atomlight was added. Radioactivity was measured using a liquid scintillation counter (Perkin Elmer). All measurements were performed once in duplicate. The specific binding amount was determined by subtracting the nonspecific binding amount from the total binding amount.
- the Ki value was calculated according to a conventional method. As a result of the evaluation, the Ki value of compound A for human EP4 receptor was 1.46 nmol / L.
- Test Example 3 Human EP4 receptor antagonism evaluation test by measuring cAMP amount in human Jurkat cells
- Jurkat cells derived from human leukemia T lymphoma
- RPMI 1640 medium Part No. 11879020, Invitrogen
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the test compound was assay buffer containing 0.5% BSA (1 ⁇ HBSS (Hanks buffered salt solution, Nissui Pharmaceutical), 20 mmol / L HEPES-NaOH (Nacalai) (pH 7.4), 0.5 mmol / L IBMX ( 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (WAKO), 0.02% CHAPS (Sigma), 0.5% BSA (Sigma), 2 ⁇ mol / L indomethacin (Sigma)), which is 3 times the final concentration
- the dilution was adjusted as follows. PGE2 was adjusted to 300 nmol / L with an assay buffer containing 0.5% BSA. Frozen Jurkat cells were thawed at 37 ° C.
- a kit diluted 0.6 times with Lysis buffer 50 mmol / L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.8 mol / L KF, 1% TritonX-100, 0.2% BSA
- 5 ⁇ L of each d2 reagent was added to each well and stirred with a plate shaker.
- 5 ⁇ L of the europium cryptate reagent of the kit diluted 0.6 times with Lysis buffer was added to each well, stirred with a plate shaker, and incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes under light shielding.
- the fluorescence intensity of cryptate was measured at 620 nm and the fluorescence intensity of d2 was measured at 665 nm using ARVO1420 (Perkin Elmer). 280, 70, 17.5, 4.38, 1.09, 0.27, and 0.068 nmol / L of cAMP were added to each well for preparing a standard curve, and the fluorescence intensity was measured in the same manner as described above. All measurements were made in triplicate.
- the amount of cAMP when PGE2 was added was 100%
- the amount of cAMP when PGE2 was not added was 0%
- the IC 50 value by the compound was calculated from the amount of cAMP at the time of compound treatment by Logistic regression. The average value was calculated from the results of three experiments. As a result of the evaluation, in human Jurkat cells, the IC 50 value for the cAMP production action of Compound A by PGE2 (100 nmol / L) was 0.16 nmol / L.
- Test Example 4 Rat EP4 receptor antagonism evaluation test by measuring cAMP amount Construction of rat EP4 receptor expression vector: The same operation as in Test Example 1 was performed. Construction of rat EP4 receptor stably expressing cells: A rat EP4 receptor expression vector was introduced into CHO-K1 cells (ATCC number: CCL-61). For the introduction, Lipofectamine (registered trademark) 2000 reagent (Invitrogen) was used according to the attached instructions. After introduction, drug-resistant clones were obtained by culturing in ⁇ -MEM medium (Product No. 12571063, Invitrogen) containing G418 (Nacalai Tesque).
- ⁇ -MEM medium Product No. 12571063, Invitrogen
- CHO-K1 cells stably expressing rat EP4 were seeded on a 96-well plate at 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 100 ⁇ L and cultured overnight. The medium was replaced with 2 ⁇ mol / L indomethacin / 0.5% BSA / ⁇ -MEM medium, and after another 60 minutes, 1 mmol / L IBMX / 2 ⁇ mol / L indomethacin / 0.5% BSA / ⁇ -MEM medium was used. Exchanged.
- test compounds (final concentrations 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 nmol / L) were added, and further 10 minutes later, PGE2 was added to a final concentration of 100 nmol / L ( Final DMSO concentration 0.1%).
- a PGE2 non-added group was provided. The cells were cultured and reacted in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C., 5% CO 2 ). After 30 minutes, the medium was removed, and 0.2% Triton X-PBS 100 ⁇ L / well was added to lyse the cells. The test was carried out twice in duplicate.
- cAMP amount The amount of cAMP contained in the cell lysate was measured using a cAMP HiRange kit. 10 ⁇ L of the cell lysate of each well was dispensed on a 384 well U-bottom black microplate, 5 ⁇ L each of d2 reagent and europium cryptate reagent were added in this order, and incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes under light shielding. After incubation, the fluorescence intensity of cryptate was measured at 620 nm and the fluorescence intensity of d2 was measured at 665 nm using ARVO1420.
- Test Example 5 In vivo rat EP4 receptor antagonism evaluation test
- Non-fasted SD rats male, 6 weeks old were used in the test.
- the test compound dissolved in a mixture of PEG400: 20% Tween 80: 1 mol / L NaHCO 3 aqueous solution 1: 4: 5 was orally administered (po) at 0.03 mg / kg (5 mL / kg).
- the active metabolite of EP4 agonist ONO-4819 ONO-AE1-437 (CAS No. 256382-23-7)
- physiological saline was subcutaneously administered to the back at 0.01 mg / kg (sc (5 mL / kg).
- Test Example 6 Test for evaluating effect on renin activity in rat plasma
- Non-fasted SD rats male, 7 weeks old were used for the test.
- a test compound dissolved in a mixture of PEG400: 20% Tween 80: 1 mol / L NaHCO 3 aqueous solution 1: 4: 5 was orally administered at 0.3 mg / kg (5 mL / kg).
- an active metabolite of EP4 agonist ONO-4819 (ONO-AE1-437) dissolved in physiological saline was subcutaneously administered to the back at 0.01 mg / kg (5 mL / kg).
- Plasma was separated from the blood sample by centrifugation (1000 ⁇ g, 10 minutes, 4 ° C.).
- assay buffer (2 mol / L NaH 2 PO 4 20.4 mL, 1 mol / L Na 2 HPO 4 9.3 mL, 0.5 mol / L EDTA ⁇ 2Na 15 mL, CHAPS 0.1 g was added.
- Test Example 7 Examination of effect on urinary albumin of type 2 diabetic db / db mice Type 2 diabetic db / db mice (male, 8 weeks old) were used for the test.
- the albumin concentration of the urine sample obtained by 24-hour urine collection was determined by ELISA using an anti-mouse albumin antibody (RAM / Alb / 7S, Nordic Immunology), and the urinary creatinine concentration was determined using CRE-EN kainos (Kainos). It was measured.
- test compound treatment group the test compound suspended in a 0.5% methylcellulose (MC) solution was orally administered at a dose of 0.3 mg / kg once a day for one week (10 mL / kg).
- 0.5% MC solution was orally administered once a day for one week at a dose volume of 10 mL / kg.
- Urine was collected for 24 hours from the end of the final administration, and the improvement effect of the test compound on early nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice was examined using the calculated ACR as an index.
- the inhibition rate of ACR in the test compound treated group was determined when the ACR value in the test compound non-treated group was 100%.
- Compound A (0.3 mg / kg, po) inhibited ACR of type 2 diabetic db / db mice by 44% by oral administration for 1 week.
- Test Example 8 Examination of Effect on Renal Function of Rats with 5/6 Nephrectomy (5 / 6Nx) Chronic Renal Failure Wistar rats (male, 8 weeks old) were used for the test. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, two thirds of the left kidney was excised, and one week later, the right kidney was removed (5 / 6Nx). Two weeks after 5 / 6Nx, urine protein concentrations of urine samples obtained by 24-hour urine collection were measured using Bio-Rad Protein assay kit, and urine creatinine concentrations were measured using Determiner LCRE (Kyowa Medex).
- UPCR urinary protein-creatinine ratio
- the UPCR suppression rate of the test compound-treated group was determined when the UPCR of the test compound-untreated group was 100%.
- Compound A (0.2 mg / kg, po) inhibited the UPCR of 5/6 nephrectomized chronic renal failure rats by 47% by oral administration for 6 weeks.
- Test Example 9 Receptor antagonism evaluation test for rat EP1 / EP2 / EP3 receptor (selectivity test) The antagonistic action of Compound A on other subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3) of the rat-derived PGE2 receptor was evaluated. For EP1 and EP3, the effect of the test compound was examined using the intracellular Ca 2+ level as the index and EP2 the intracellular cAMP level as the index.
- Construction of rat EP1, EP2 or EP3 receptor expression vector The rat EP1 receptor gene (GenBank accession number: D888751.1), rat EP2 receptor gene (GenBank accession number: NM_031088.1), or rat EP3 receptor gene (GenBank accession number: NM_012704.1) is expressed in the expression vector pcDNA3.
- rat EP1, EP2 or EP3 receptor stably expressing cells Construction of rat EP1, EP2 or EP3 receptor stably expressing cells: Expression vector of rat EP1, EP2 or EP3 receptor is used for HEK-293 cells (for rat EP1 or EP3 receptor stable expression, ATCC No .: CRL-1573) or CHO-K1 cells (for rat EP2 receptor stable expression, ATCC). Number: CCL-61).
- Lipofectamine (registered trademark) 2000 reagent (Invitrogen) was used according to the attached instructions. After introduction, cells are cultured in D-MEM medium containing G418 (Nacalai Tesque) (for stable expression of rat EP1 or EP3 receptor) (Part No.
- EP2 receptor stably expressing cells culture and compound treatment CHO-K1 cells stably expressing rat EP2 were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 100 ⁇ L, using ⁇ -MEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS under conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . Incubated overnight.
- the medium was replaced with 2 ⁇ mol / L indomethacin / 0.1% BSA / ⁇ -MEM medium, and after another 60 minutes, 1 mmol / L IBMX / 2 ⁇ mol / L indomethacin / 0.1% BSA / ⁇ -MEM medium ( No. 12571063, Invitrogen). After 10 minutes, test compounds (final concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ⁇ mol / L) were added, and further 10 minutes later, PGE2 was added to a final concentration of 100 nmol / L (final DMSO). Concentration 0.1%). In order to calculate the amount of cAMP produced by the addition of PGE2, a PGE2 non-added group was provided.
- the cells were cultured and reacted in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C., 5% CO 2 ). After 30 minutes, the medium was removed, and 0.2% Triton X-PBS 100 ⁇ L / well was added to lyse the cells. The test was carried out once in duplicate.
- Measurement and analysis of cAMP amount in cells stably expressing EP2 receptor The amount of cAMP contained in the cell lysate was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 4 using the cAMP HiRange kit. The amount of cAMP at the final concentration of 100 nmol / L was calculated as 100%, and the amount of cAMP when PGE2 was not added was 0%.
- Compound A did not show an inhibitory effect of 50% or more up to 10,000 nmol / L against the increase of intracellular cAMP level by PGE2 via rat EP2 receptor.
- Culture of EP1 and EP3 receptor stably expressing cells and compound treatment HEK-293 cells stably expressing rat EP1 or rat EP3 were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 100 ⁇ L in a 96-well plate at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 using D-MEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Cultured overnight under conditions.
- the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration was measured using FLIPR tetra (molecular device) with the fluorescence intensity of Dye as an index.
- a non-PGE2 addition group was provided in order to measure the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration by addition of PGE2.
- the final concentration of 100 nmol / L The Ca 2+ concentration when PGE2 was added was 100%, the Ca 2+ concentration when PGE2 was not added was 0%, and the ratio of Ca 2+ concentration during compound treatment was calculated.
- Compound A did not show an inhibitory effect of 50% or more up to 10,000 nmol / L against the increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration by PGE2 via rat EP1 or EP3 receptor.
- the above-mentioned mixed solution was orally administered at a dose volume of 5 mL / kg for 7 days. On the day after the last dose, blood was collected for hematology and blood chemistry tests under fasting overnight.
- Compound A has EP4 receptor affinity and exhibits excellent EP4 receptor antagonistic activity (Test Examples 1 to 5).
- Compound A was confirmed to suppress the EP4 agonist-induced increase in PRA (Test Example 6).
- Compound A has an improving effect in a study on the effect of urinary albumin in type 2 diabetic db / db mice and a study of the effect on renal function in 5/6 Nephrectomy (5 / 6Nx) chronic renal failure rats (Study Examples 7 and 8) were confirmed. Therefore, Compound A or a salt thereof can be used for the prevention or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
- kidney disease eg nephrosclerosis, gout kidney, polycystic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, acute nephritis, recurrent hematuria, persistent hematuria, chronic nephritis, rapid progressive nephritis, Acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, Barter syndrome, etc.
- inflammatory skin diseases e.g.
- arteriosclerosis e.g. myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris
- cerebrovascular disorders caused by arteriosclerosis eg stroke, stroke including lacunar infarction, cerebral thrombus, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, etc.
- peptic ulcer eg gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer etc.
- Malignant tumor and its metastasis for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, etc.
- pain for example, acute pain after operation, traumatic pain, post-extraction pain, neck shoulder pain, shoulder periarthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), carpal tunnel Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), postoperative chronic pain, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, non-bacterial chronic prostatitis (CP / CPPS), post spinal cord injury, post-cerebral infarction pain, multiple sclerosis
- Compound A or a salt thereof is caused by various edema (eg, cardiac edema, cerebral edema, etc.), hypertension such as malignant hypertension, premenstrual tension, urinary calculus, acute or chronic disease. It can be used as a drug for treating and / or preventing such uremia, hyperphosphatemia and the like. Further, Compound A or a salt thereof can treat various polyuria (for example, central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, psychogenic diabetes insipidus, diabetes, sodium chloride absorption disorder, polydipsia etc.) And / or can be used as a preventive agent.
- various polyuria for example, central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, psychogenic diabetes insipidus, diabetes, sodium chloride absorption disorder, polydipsia etc.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing Compound A or a salt thereof as an active ingredient is a commonly used method using excipients commonly used in the art, that is, pharmaceutical excipients, pharmaceutical carriers, etc. Can be prepared. Administration is orally by tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, solutions, etc., or injections such as intra-articular, intravenous, intramuscular, suppositories, eye drops, ophthalmic ointments, transdermal solutions, Any form of parenteral administration such as an ointment, a transdermal patch, a transmucosal liquid, a transmucosal patch, and an inhalant may be used.
- a solid composition for oral administration tablets, powders, granules and the like are used.
- the active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert excipient.
- the composition may contain an inert additive such as a lubricant, a disintegrant, a stabilizer and a solubilizing agent according to a conventional method. If necessary, tablets or pills may be coated with a sugar coating or a film of a gastric or enteric substance.
- Liquid compositions for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups or elixirs and the like, and commonly used inert diluents such as purified water. Or it contains ethanol.
- the liquid composition may contain solubilizers, wetting agents, auxiliaries such as suspending agents, sweeteners, flavors, fragrances and preservatives in addition to the inert diluent.
- the injection for parenteral administration contains a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion.
- aqueous solvent include distilled water for injection or physiological saline.
- Non-aqueous solvents include alcohols such as ethanol.
- Such compositions may further contain isotonic agents, preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers, or solubilizing agents. These are sterilized by, for example, filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, blending with a bactericide or irradiation. These can also be used by producing a sterile solid composition and dissolving or suspending it in sterile water or a sterile solvent for injection before use.
- External preparations include ointments, plasters, creams, jellies, poultices, sprays, lotions, eye drops, eye ointments and the like.
- ointment bases commonly used ointment bases, lotion bases, aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and the like.
- a transmucosal agent such as an inhalant or a nasal agent is used in a solid, liquid or semi-solid form, and can be produced according to a conventionally known method.
- known excipients, and further pH adjusters, preservatives, surfactants, lubricants, stabilizers, thickeners and the like may be added as appropriate.
- an appropriate device for inhalation or insufflation can be used.
- a known device such as a metered dose inhalation device or a nebulizer
- the compound is administered alone or as a powder in a formulated mixture or as a solution or suspension in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. be able to.
- the dry powder inhaler or the like may be for single or multiple administration, and a dry powder or a powder-containing capsule can be used. Alternatively, it may be in the form of a pressurized aerosol spray using a suitable propellant, for example, a suitable gas such as chlorofluoroalkane or carbon dioxide.
- a suitable propellant for example, a suitable gas such as chlorofluoroalkane or carbon dioxide.
- the appropriate daily dose is about 0.001 to 100 mg / kg, preferably 0.1 to 30 mg / kg, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg / kg per body weight. Yes, this is administered once or divided into 2 to 4 times.
- the daily dose is suitably about 0.0001 to 10 mg / kg per body weight, and is administered once a day or divided into multiple times.
- a transmucosal agent about 0.001 to 100 mg / kg per body weight is administered once to several times a day. The dose is appropriately determined according to individual cases in consideration of symptoms, age, sex, and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has an active ingredient of 0.01 to 100% by weight, and in some embodiments 0.01 to 50% by weight. Containing one or more compounds A.
- Compound A can be used in combination with various therapeutic agents or preventive agents for diseases for which Compound A is considered effective.
- the combination may be administered simultaneously, separately separately, or at desired time intervals.
- the simultaneous administration preparation may be a compounding agent or may be separately formulated.
- DSC analysis DSC analysis was performed using Q1000 and Q2000 from TA Instruments. Approximately 2 mg of the sample is filled in a dedicated aluminum sample pan, the measurement range is room temperature to 300 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere (50 mL / min) with the sample pan not covered, and the heating rate is 10 ° C./min. The change in the amount of heat generated between the sample and the reference (empty aluminum sample pan) was continuously measured and recorded. In addition, the handling of the apparatus including data processing followed the method and procedure instructed by each apparatus.
- Powder X-ray diffraction was measured using RINT-TTRII, tube: Cu, tube current: 300 mA, tube voltage: 50 kV, sampling width: 0.020 °, scanning speed: 4 Measurement was performed under the conditions of ° / min, wavelength: 1.54056 mm, measurement diffraction angle range (2 ⁇ ): 2.5 to 40 °.
- the handling of the apparatus including data processing followed the method and procedure instructed by each apparatus.
- ESI + m / z value in ESI-MASS
- NMR-DMSO-d 6 peak ⁇ (ppm) in 1 HNMR in DMSO-d 6 .
- concentration mol / L is expressed as M.
- 1M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution means 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- Step 1 Synthesis of methyl 4-[(1S) -1- ⁇ [(4-bromo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) carbonyl] amino ⁇ ethyl] benzoate (5a) 4-Bromo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (3) (1.00 g), DMF (20 mL), methyl 4-[(1S) -1-aminoethyl] benzoate hydrochloride ( To a mixture of 1.26 g) and HOBt (0.99 g), 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide (1.2 mL) was added and stirred overnight at room temperature.
- Step 2 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-Bromo-1- (isoquinolin-3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] methyl benzoate (2a) Synthesis of 4-[(1S) -1- ⁇ [(4-Bromo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) carbonyl] amino ⁇ ethyl] benzoate methyl (5a) (1.72 g), DMF (20 (0.0 mL) was stirred under ice cooling. To the mixture was added potassium tert-butoxide (580 mg), and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour.
- Step 3 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-Bromo-1- (isoquinolin-3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] benzoic acid (I)
- Composition 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-Bromo-1- (isoquinolin-3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] methyl benzoate (2a) To a mixture of (486 mg), THF (10.0 mL), and methanol (10.0 mL), 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5.0 mL) was added under ice cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours.
- Example 2 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-Bromo-1- (isoquinolin-3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] benzoic acid methanesulfonate Synthesis of (Ia) 4-[(1S) -1-( ⁇ [4-Bromo-1- (isoquinolin-3-ylmethyl) -3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl ⁇ amino) ethyl] benzoic acid (I) ( 1000.0 mg) and dioxane (30 mL) were added with methanesulfonic acid (140 ⁇ L) under ice cooling.
- Compound A or a salt thereof has an EP4 receptor antagonistic action and can be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and / or treatment of chronic renal failure and / or diabetic nephropathy.
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Abstract
Description
PGE2の受容体には、EP1、EP2、EP3及びEP4の4種類のサブタイプが存在し、これらは種々の組織に広く分布している。EP1受容体の活性化は細胞内Ca2+の増加を引き起こす。EP3受容体の活性化は細胞内Ca2+の増加を引き起こすと共に、アデニル酸シクラーゼの抑制を引き起こし細胞内のcAMPレベルを減少させる。EP2及びEP4受容体の活性化はアデニル酸シクラーゼの活性化を引き起こし、細胞内のcAMPレベルを増加させる。特にEP4受容体は平滑筋の弛緩、炎症反応の促進又は抑制、リンパ球分化、メサンギウム細胞の肥大又は増殖、胃腸からの粘液分泌等に関わっているとされている(Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013、138:485-502;Pharmacological Reviews 2013、65:1010-1052;American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology 2004、287、F673-F681)。
PGE2受容体の阻害剤、つまりEP受容体アンタゴニストはEP受容体に対する結合活性を有し、PGE2のEP受容体を介した作用を阻害する。したがって、EP受容体アンタゴニストはPGE2に起因する疾患を治療する薬剤として期待されている。中でも、EP4受容体アンタゴニストはEP4に関連した疾患、たとえば腎臓病、炎症性疾患、種々の疼痛等に対するヒト及び動物での治療薬として期待されている(Journal of American Society Nephrology 2010、21:1678-1690;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences、2010、107:12233-12238;The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2008、325:425-434)。さらに、EP4受容体選択的アンタゴニストは、他のEP1、EP2及びEP3の拮抗に基づく副作用を回避できる点から望ましい(Physiological Reviews 1999、79:1193-1226;Annual Reviews Physiology 2001、63:579-605)。
(式中、環Dは次式(III)の基等であり、次式中、環D1はフェニルで置換されてもよい単環又は二環式の含窒素ヘテロ環を、R41は-X2-B4を、X2はC1-6アルキレン等を、B4はR4から選択される同一又は異なる1~5個の基でそれぞれ置換されてもよいアリール、ヘテロ環等を表す。他の記号は当該特許文献を参照。)
(式中、R2はメチル、フルオロメチル等を、R4はフルオロメチル、メトキシ等を表す。他の記号は当該特許文献を参照。)
(式中、R2はメチル、フルオロメチル(例えば、モノフルオロメチル、ジフルオロメチル、トリフルオロメチル)等を、R4はフルオロメチル、メトキシ等を表す。他の記号は当該特許文献を参照。)
(式中、環B及び環Dは、同一又は互いに異なって、置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロ環を、Xは単結合、-R00-等を、R00は低級アルキレンを、R1はH等を表す。Aは次式(II)の基等であり、次式中、YはCH等を、R2はR0等を、R0は低級アルキルを、Zは単結合等を、R3は-COOH等を表す。他の記号は当該特許文献を参照。)
当該特許文献において、環Dがピラゾールである具体的な化合物の開示はない。
即ち、本発明は、化合物A又はその塩、並びに、化合物A又はその塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物の製造のための化合物A又はその塩の使用、慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための化合物A又はその塩の使用、慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための化合物A又はその塩、並びに、化合物A又はその塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなる慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療方法に関する。なお、「対象」とは、その予防又は治療を必要とするヒト又はその他の動物であり、ある態様としては、その予防又は治療を必要とするヒトである。
(1) 化合物A又はその塩。
(1-1)化合物A。
(1-2)化合物Aのメタンスルホン酸塩。
(2) (1)に記載された化合物A又はその塩の結晶。
(3) (1-1)に記載された化合物Aの結晶。
(3-1)示差走査熱量計分析(DSC分析)における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が253℃付近である(3)に記載の化合物Aの結晶。
(3-2)管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=5.7付近、7.9付近、11.5付近、13.1付近、及び17.9付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(3)に記載の化合物Aの結晶。
(3-3)管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=5.7付近、7.9付近、8.3付近、8.9付近、9.2付近、11.5付近、12.5付近、13.1付近、15.8付近、16.3付近、16.7付近、17.2付近、17.9付近、18.5付近、及び19.5付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(3)に記載の化合物Aの結晶。
(3-4)DSC分析における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が253℃付近であり、管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=5.7付近、7.9付近、11.5付近、13.1付近、及び17.9付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(3)に記載の化合物Aの結晶。
(3-5)DSC分析における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が253℃付近であり、管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=5.7付近、7.9付近、8.3付近、8.9付近、9.2付近、11.5付近、12.5付近、13.1付近、15.8付近、16.3付近、16.7付近、17.2付近、17.9付近、18.5付近、及び19.5付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(3)に記載の化合物Aの結晶。
(4) (1-2)に記載された化合物Aのメタンスルホン酸塩の結晶。
(4-1)DSC分析における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が192℃付近である(4)に記載の化合物Aのメタンスルホン酸塩の結晶。
(4-2)管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=4.7付近、9.5付近、12.0付近、13.2付近、13.7付近、15.3付近、18.8付近、20.3付近、20.9付近、及び22.8付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(4)に記載の化合物Aのメタンスルホン酸塩の結晶。
(4-3)DSC分析における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が192℃付近であり、管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=4.7付近、9.5付近、12.0付近、13.2付近、13.7付近、15.3付近、18.8付近、20.3付近、20.9付近、及び22.8付近にピークを示すことを特徴とする(4)に記載の化合物Aのメタンスルホン酸塩の結晶。
(5-1)(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
(5-2)(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
(5-3)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用である(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
(5-4)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用である(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
(6-1)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物の製造のための(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物の使用。
(6-2)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物の製造のための(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶の使用。
(7-1)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(7-2)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶。
(8-1)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物の使用。
(8-2)慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶の使用。
(9-1)(1)~(1-2)のいずれかに記載の化合物の有効量を対象に投与することからなる慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療方法。
(9-2)(2)~(4-3)のいずれかに記載の結晶の有効量を対象に投与することからなる慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療方法。
なお、粉末X線回折パターンはデータの性質上、結晶の同一性認定においては、結晶格子間隔や全体的なパターンが重要であり、回折角及び回折強度は結晶成長の方向、粒子の大きさ、測定条件によって多少変わりうるものである。
化合物A又はその塩は、その基本構造あるいは置換基の種類に基づく特徴を利用し、種々の公知の合成法を適用して製造することができる。その際、官能基の種類によっては、当該官能基を原料から中間体へ至る段階で適当な保護基(容易に当該官能基に転化可能な基)に置き換えておくことが製造技術上効果的な場合がある。このような保護基としては、例えば、ウッツ(P. G. M. Wuts)及びグリーン(T. W. Greene)著、「Greene’s Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis(第4版、2006年)」に記載の保護基等を挙げることができ、これらの反応条件に応じて適宜選択して用いればよい。このような方法では、当該保護基を導入して反応を行なったあと、必要に応じて保護基を除去することにより、所望の化合物を得ることができる。
また、化合物Aのプロドラッグは、上記保護基と同様、原料から中間体へ至る段階で特定の基を導入、あるいは得られた化合物Aを用いてさらに反応を行なうことで製造できる。反応は通常のエステル化、アミド化、脱水等、当業者に公知の方法を適用することにより行うことができる。
以下、化合物Aの代表的な製造法を説明する。各製法は、当該説明に付した参考文献を参照して行うこともできる。なお、本発明の製造法は以下に示した例には限定されない。また、特に記載がない限り、当該製造法の構造式中に示される記号において、同一の記号は同一の意味を表す。
反応は、化合物(3)と化合物(4)とを等量若しくは一方を過剰量用い、縮合剤の存在下、反応に不活性な溶媒中、冷却下から加熱下、好ましくは-20℃~60℃において、通常0.1時間~5日間撹拌することによって行われる。ここに、溶媒としては特に限定はされないが、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン若しくはキシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類、ジクロロメタン(DCM)、1,2-ジクロロエタン(DCE)若しくはクロロホルム等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、ジオキサン、ジメトキシエタン(DME)等のエーテル類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル又は水、あるいはこれらの混合物が挙げられる。縮合剤としては、1-[ビス(ジメチルアミノ)メチレン]-1H-1,2,3-トリアゾロ[4,5-b]ピリジン-1-イウム-3-オキシド ヘキサフルオロホスファート(HATU)、1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチルカルボジイミド 塩酸塩、1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチルカルボジイミド、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)、1,1’-カルボニルジイミダゾール(CDI)、ジフェニルリン酸アジド、オキシ塩化リン、または縮合剤を担持したポリスチレン樹脂、例えばPS-カルボジイミド(PS-Carbodiimide)(アルゴノートテクノロジー(Argonaut Technologies)、米国)等を用いることが好ましい場合があるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、例えば1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール(HOBt)等の添加剤を用いることが反応に好ましい場合があり、また、例えばトリエチルアミン(TEA)、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIPEA)若しくはN-メチルモルホリン(NMM)等の有機塩基、又は炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム若しくは水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基の存在下に反応させるのが、反応を円滑に進行させる上で有利な場合がある。さらに反応終了後の過剰なアミンを除去する目的でイソシアナートを担持したポリスチレン樹脂、例えばPS-イソシアナート(PS-Isocyanate)(アルゴノートテクノロジー、米国)等を用いることができる。さらに反応終了後の過剰なカルボン酸及び前述の添加剤等を除去する目的で四級アンモニウム塩を担持したポリスチレン樹脂、例えばMP-カルボナート(MP-Carbonate)(アルゴノートテクノロジー、米国)等を用いることができる。
また、化合物(3)を反応性誘導体へ導いた後に化合物(4)と反応させる方法も用いることができる。ここに化合物(3)の反応性誘導体としては、オキシ塩化リン、塩化チオニル等のハロゲン化剤と反応して得られる酸ハロゲン化物、クロロギ酸イソブチル等と反応して得られる混合酸無水物、HOBt等と縮合して得られる活性エステル等が挙げられる。これらの反応性誘導体と化合物(4)との反応は、前記ハロゲン化炭化水素類、芳香族炭化水素類、エーテル類等の反応に不活性な溶媒中、冷却下~加熱下、好ましくは、-20℃~60℃で行うことができる。
Xで示される脱離基の具体例としては、ハロゲン、メタンスルホニルオキシ、p-トルエンスルホニルオキシ、トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ基等が含まれる。
この反応では、化合物(5)と化合物(6)を等量若しくは一方を過剰量用い、これらの混合物を、反応に不活性な溶媒中、又は無溶媒下、冷却下から加熱還流下、好ましくは0℃から80℃において、通常0.1時間~10日間撹拌する。ここで用いられる溶媒の例としては、特に限定はされないが、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテル、THF、ジオキサン、DME等のエーテル類、DCM、DCE、クロロホルム等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、DMF、DMSO、1-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルアセトアミド、アセトン、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。TEA、DIPEA若しくはNMM等の有機塩基、又はカリウムtert-ブトキシド、炭酸セシウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム若しくは水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基の存在下で反応を行うのが、反応を円滑に進行させる上で有利な場合がある。
単離、精製は、抽出、分別結晶化、各種分画クロマトグラフィー等、通常の化学操作を適用して行なわれる。
光学異性体は、ラセミ体の一般的な光学分割法(例えば、光学活性な塩基又は酸とのジアステレオマー塩に導く分別結晶化や、キラルカラム等を用いたクロマトグラフィー等)により得られ、また、適当な光学活性な原料化合物から製造することもできる。
ラットEP4受容体発現ベクターの構築:
ラットEP4受容体遺伝子(GenBank登録番号:NM_032076.1)を、発現ベクターpcDNA3.1-V5-His-TOPO(Invitrogen)に導入した。
ラットEP4受容体の一過性発現:
ラットEP4受容体の発現ベクターを、HEK-293細胞(ATCC番号:CRL-1573)に導入した。導入には、Lipofectoamine(登録商標)2000試薬(Invitrogen)を用いて、添付説明書に準じて行った。導入後α-MEM培地にて20-24時間培養した。
膜画分の調製:
培地を吸引除去し、15 cm dishあたり10 mLの冷却リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(Phosphate buffered saline(PBS))を加えてセルスクレーパー(Sumitomo Bakelite)を用いて細胞を掻きとった。細胞を回収し遠心(250 x g、4℃、5 min)した後、dishあたり6 mLの冷却20 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.4;ナカライテスク、5 mmol/L エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA、ナカライテスク)を含む)に懸濁し、ポリトロン(登録商標)を用いてホモジナイズし、そのホモジネートを遠心(69,000 x g、20 min、4℃)した。得られた沈殿を冷却20 mmol/L Tris-HClに再懸濁させ、再びホモジナイズし、そのホモジネートを遠心(69,000 x g、20 min、4℃)した。得られた沈殿をdishあたり1 mLの50 mmol/L HEPES -NaOH(Dojindo Laboratories)(pH7.5)に懸濁させたのちホモジナイズし、膜画分として-80℃凍結保存した。この時、一部をタンパク濃度の測定に用いた。タンパク濃度の測定はBio-Rad Protein assay kit(Bio-Rad Laboratories)を用い、添付の標準プロトコールに従ってデュプリケイト(duplicate)で行った。
Binding Assay:
[3H]PGE2、及び膜画分はアッセイバッファー(50 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH、10 mmol/L MgCl2、pH7.5)にて、被験化合物、及びunlabeled PGE2(Cayman)はDMSO及びアッセイバッファーにて希釈した。反応液(200 μL)の組成は、50 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(pH7.5)、10 mmol/L MgCl2、0.3 nmol/L [3H]PGE2 (Perkin Elmer)50 μL、ラットEP4細胞膜画分(200 μg protein/mL)100 μL及び試験化合物(最終濃度0.1,0.3,1,3,10,30および100 nmol/L)50 μLとした。非特異的結合の測定には最終濃度が1 μmol/Lとなるようにunlabeled PGE2(Cayman)を添加した。DMSOの最終濃度は1%とした。反応液を96 wellマイクロプレート(Sumitomo Bakelite)で室温にて1時間インキュベートした。反応液はFilterMateハーベスター(Perkin Elmer)を用いて濾紙UniFilter-96 GF/B(Perkin Elmer)で濾過した。濾過後の濾紙は冷却アッセイバッファー300 μL/wellで3回洗浄した後、乾燥機にて一晩乾燥させ、液体シンチレーターMicroScint20(Perkin Elmer)50 μL/wellを加えた。放射活性はTopCount(Perkin Elmer)を用いて測定した。測定はすべてデュプリケイト(duplicate)で1回実施した。特異的結合量は総結合量から非特異的結合量を差し引いて求めた。Ki値は定法に従い算出した。
評価の結果、化合物AのラットEP4受容体に対するKi値は0.874 nmol/Lであった。なお、特許文献1の実施例205の化合物のラットEP4受容体に対するKi値は140 nmol/Lであった。
Binding Assay:
[3H]PGE2、及びヒトEP4細胞膜画分(Chemicon)はアッセイバッファー(50 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH、5 mmol/L MgCl2、1 mmol/L CaCl2(pH7.4)、0.5% ウシ血清アルブミン(Bovine serum albumin(BSA)))にて、被験化合物、及びunlabeled PGE2(Sigma)はDMSO及びアッセイバッファーにて希釈した。反応液(250 μL)の組成は、[3H]PGE2(最終濃度2.9 nmol/L)を含むアッセイバッファー175 μL、膜画分(Chemicon、40 μg protein/mL)50 μL、及び被験化合物(最終濃度0.1,1,10,100および1000 nmol/L)25 μLとした。非特異的結合の測定には最終濃度が10 μmol/Lとなるようにunlabeled PGE2を添加した。DMSOの最終濃度は1%とした。反応液を25℃で60分間インキュベートした。その反応液をセルハーベスター(ブランデル)を用いて濾紙GF/C(Whatman)で濾過した。濾過後の濾紙は50 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)、500 mmol/L NaCl、0.1% BSAを含む溶液 1 mLで3回洗浄した。濾紙GF/Cをアッセイバイアルに入れ、液体シンチレーターAtomlightを5 mL加えた。放射活性は液体シンチレーションカウンター(Perkin Elmer)を用いて測定した。測定はすべてデュプリケイト(duplicate)で1回実施した。特異的結合量は総結合量から非特異的結合量を差し引いて求めた。Ki値は定法に従い算出した。
評価の結果、化合物AのヒトEP4受容体に対するKi値は1.46 nmol/Lであった。
細胞培養:
Jurkat細胞(ヒト白血病Tリンパ腫由来)を、10% ウシ胎児血清(fetal bovine serum(FBS))添加のRPMI1640培地(品番11879020、Invitrogen)を用いて37℃、5% CO2の条件下で培養した。コンフルエント(Confluent)前まで増殖させた後、最終濃度5 μmol/Lのインドメタシンを添加しさらに18時間培養した。この細胞を15 mLスピッツ管に回収し、セルバンカー(三菱化学ヤトロン)にて1x106 個/mLに調製し、-80℃にて保存した。
化合物処理:
被験化合物は0.5% BSAを含むアッセイバッファー(1xHBSS(Hanks buffered salt solution、日水製薬)、20 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(ナカライ)(pH 7.4)、0.5 mmol/L IBMX(3-イソブチル-1-メチルキサンチン、WAKO)、0.02% CHAPS(Sigma)、0.5% BSA(Sigma)、2 μmol/L インドメタシン(Sigma))にて最終濃度の3倍の濃度になるように希釈調整した。PGE2は0.5% BSAを含むアッセイバッファーにて300 nmol/Lに調整した。冷凍保存されたJurkat細胞は37℃にて解凍し0.5% BSAを含むアッセイバッファーを用い1x106個/mLに調製した。384ウェルU底型黒色マイクロプレート(コーニング)に試験化合物(最終濃度0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3および10 nmol/L)、細胞、PGE2の順で各5 μLずつ添加し、プレートシェイカーにて攪拌後、室温にて30分インキュベートした。PGE2非刺激状態のcAMP量を求めるため、PGE2非添加群を設けた。
cAMP量の測定および解析:
cAMP測定にはcAMP HiRangeキット(Cisbio international)を使用した。インキュベート後、Lysisバッファー(50 mmol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)、0.8 mol/L KF、1% TritonX-100、0.2% BSA)にて0.6倍に希釈したキットのd2試薬を各wellに5 μLずつ添加し、プレートシェイカーにて攪拌した。続いてLysisバッファーにて0.6倍に希釈したキットのユーロピウムクリプテート試薬を各wellに5 μLずつ添加し、プレートシェイカーにて攪拌後、遮光下室温にて60分インキュベートした。インキュベート後、ARVO1420(Perkin Elmer)を用いてクリプテートの蛍光強度を620 nm、d2の蛍光強度を665 nmにて測定した。標準曲線作成用に280、70、17.5、4.38、1.09、0.27、0.068 nmol/LのcAMPをそれぞれwellに入れ、上記と同様に蛍光強度を測定した。測定はすべてトリプリケイト(triplicate)にて行った。PGE2添加時のcAMP量を100%、PGE2非添加時のcAMP量を0%とし、化合物処理時のcAMP量から、化合物によるIC50値をLogistic回帰法により算出した。3回の実験結果から平均値を算出した。
評価の結果、ヒトJurkat細胞において、化合物AのPGE2(100nmol/L)によるcAMP産生作用に対するIC50値は0.16 nmol/Lであった。
ラットEP4受容体発現ベクターの構築:
試験例1と同様に行った。
ラットEP4受容体安定発現細胞の構築:
ラットEP4受容体の発現ベクターを、CHO-K1細胞(ATCC番号:CCL-61)に導入した。導入には、Lipofectoamine(登録商標)2000試薬(Invitrogen)を用いて、添付説明書に準じて行った。導入後G418(ナカライテスク)含有α-MEM培地(品番12571063、Invitrogen)にて培養し、薬剤耐性クローンを取得した。
細胞培養および化合物処理:
ラットEP4を安定的に発現させたCHO-K1細胞を96 well プレートに0.5x104 個/100μLで蒔き、終夜培養した。培地を2 μmol/L インドメタシン/ 0.5% BSA/ α-MEM培地に交換し、さらに60分後、1 mmol/L IBMX/ 2 μmol/L インドメタシン/ 0.5% BSA/ α-MEM培地に交換した。10分後、被験化合物(最終濃度0.1,0.3,1,3および10 nmol/L)を添加し、さらに10分後、最終濃度100 nmol/LになるようにPGE2を添加した(最終DMSO濃度0.1%)。PGE2添加によるcAMP産生量を算出するため、PGE2非添加群を設けた。細胞はCO2インキュベーター(37℃、5% CO2)内にて培養、反応させた。30分後に培地を除き、0.2% TritonX-PBS 100 μL/wellを添加し細胞を溶解した。試験はデュプリケイト(duplicate)にて2回実施した。
cAMP量の測定および解析:
細胞溶解液に含まれるcAMP量をcAMP HiRangeキットを用いて測定した。各wellの細胞溶解液を384well U底型黒色マイクロプレートに10 μLずつ分注し、d2試薬、ユーロピウムクリプテート試薬の順に各5 μLずつ添加後、遮光下室温にて60分インキュベートした。インキュベート後、ARVO1420を用いてクリプテートの蛍光強度を620 nm、d2の蛍光強度を665 nmにて測定した。標準曲線作成用に280、70、17.5、4.38、1.09、0.27及び0.068 nmol/LのcAMPをそれぞれwellに入れ、上記と同様に蛍光強度を測定した。最終濃度100 nmol/LのPGE2添加時のcAMP量を100%、PGE2非添加時のcAMP量を0%とし、被験化合物処理時のcAMP量から、被験化合物のIC50値をLogistic回帰法により算出した。2回の実験結果から平均値を算出した。
評価の結果、ラットEP4受容体発現CHO-K1細胞において、化合物AのPGE2(100 nmol/L)によるcAMP産生作用に対するIC50値は1.04 nmol/Lであった。
非絶食下SDラット(雄、6週齢)を試験に使用した。PEG400:20% Tween80:1 mol/L NaHCO3水溶液=1:4:5の混合液に溶解させた被験化合物を0.03 mg/kgで経口投与(po)した(5 mL/kg)。1時間後、生理食塩水に溶解したEP4アゴニストONO-4819の活性代謝物(ONO-AE1-437(CAS No. 256382-23-7))を0.01 mg/kgで背部に皮下投与(sc)した(5 mL/kg)。30分後にLipopolysaccharide(LPS、0.01 mg/kg)を尾静脈内投与し(2 mL/kg)、その60分後に麻酔下にてヘパリンを含むチューブに血液を約0.5mL採取した。遠心操作(1000 x g、10分、4℃)により血液サンプルから血漿を分離した。ELISAキット(DuoSet ELISA、R&D Systems)にて血漿中のラットTNF-α濃度を測定した。ONO-AE1-437非処置群(n=5)のTNF-αの濃度を阻害率100%、ONO-AE1-437処置群(n=5)のそれを阻害率0%として、EP4アゴニストによるTNF-α産生阻害作用に対する被験化合物群(n=5)の抑制率を算出した。
評価の結果、化合物A(0.03 mg/kg,po)はEP4アゴニストONO-AE1-437(0.01 mg/kg,sc)のTNF-α産生阻害作用を38%抑制した。
非絶食下SDラット(雄、7週齢)を試験に使用した。PEG400:20% Tween80:1mol/L NaHCO3水溶液=1:4:5の混合液に溶解させた被験化合物を0.3 mg/kgで経口投与した(5 mL/kg)。1時間後、生理食塩水に溶解したEP4アゴニストONO-4819 の活性代謝物(ONO-AE1-437)を0.01 mg/kgで背部に皮下投与した(5 mL/kg)。その10分後に無麻酔下で断頭しEDTA・2Na 3 mgを含むチューブに血液を約2 mL採取した。遠心操作(1000 x g、10分、4℃)により血液サンプルから血漿を分離した。血漿100 μLにアッセイバッファー(2 mol/L NaH2PO4 20.4 mL、1 mol/L Na2HPO4 9.3 mL、0.5 mol/L EDTA・2Na 15 mL、CHAPS 0.1gを混合し蒸留水で合わせて50 mLに希釈、pH5.55)10 μLおよび100 mmol/L 4-(2-アミノエチル)ベンゼンスルホニルフルオリド塩酸塩 1 μLを添加した。半量を分取し37℃にて90分間インキュベートした。残りの半量は4℃に保存しブランク反応用とした。両サンプル中のAngiotensin I濃度をELISA法にて測定し、37℃インキュベーションサンプルの値からブランク反応の値を減算した濃度を血漿中レニン活性(plasma renin activity(PRA))とした。ONO-AE1-437非処置群(n=5)のPRAを阻害率100%、ONO-AE1-437処置群(n=4)のそれを阻害率0%として、被験化合物群(n=5)の阻害率を算出した。
評価の結果、化合物A(0.3 mg/kg,po)はEP4アゴニストONO-AE1-437(0.01 mg/kg,sc)によるPRA上昇を102%抑制した。
2型糖尿病db/dbマウス(雄、8週齢)を試験に使用した。24時間採尿により得られた尿サンプルのアルブミン濃度を抗マウスアルブミン抗体(RAM/Alb/7S、Nordic Immunology)を用いたELISA法にて、尿中クレアチニン濃度をCRE-ENカイノス(カイノス)を用いて測定した。尿中アルブミン-クレアチニン比(ACR)を算出し、ACRに偏りのないよう被験化合物非処置群(n=12)と被験化合物処置群(n=12)に群分けを行った。被験化合物処置群には0.5%メチルセルロース(MC)溶液に懸濁した被験化合物を0.3 mg/kgで1日1回1週間経口投与した(10 mL/kg)。被験化合物非処置群には0.5%MC溶液を10 mL/kgの投与容量で1日1回1週間経口投与した。最終投与終了後より24時間採尿を実施し、算出したACRを指標にして2型糖尿病マウスの早期腎症に対する被験化合物の改善効果を検討した。被験化合物非処置群のACR値を100%としたときの被験化合物処置群のACRの抑制率を求めた。
評価の結果、化合物A(0.3 mg/kg,po)は1週間の経口投与により2型糖尿病db/dbマウスのACRを44%抑制した。
Wistarラット(雄、8週齢)を試験に使用した。ペントバルビタール麻酔下で左腎の3分の2を切除し、その1週間後に右腎を全摘出した(5/6Nx)。5/6Nxの2週間後に、24時間採尿により得られた尿サンプルの尿タンパク濃度をBio-Rad Protein assay kitを用いて、尿中クレアチニン濃度をデタミナーL CRE(協和メデックス)を用いて測定した。尿中タンパク-クレアチニン比(UPCR)を算出し、UPCRに偏りがないように被験化合物非処置群(n=12)と被験化合物処置群(n=12)に群分けを行った。その後、被験化合物処置群には0.5%MC溶液に懸濁した被験化合物を0.2 mg/kgで1日1回6週間経口投与した(5 mL/kg)。被験化合物非処置群には0.5% MC溶液を5 mL/kgの投与容量で1日1回6週間経口投与した。最終投与終了後より24時間採尿を実施し、算出したUPCRを指標にして慢性腎不全ラットの腎機能に対する被験化合物の改善効果を検討した。被験化合物非処置群のUPCRを100%としたときの被験化合物処置群のUPCRの抑制率を求めた。
評価の結果、化合物A(0.2 mg/kg,po)は、6週間の経口投与により5/6腎臓摘出慢性腎不全ラットのUPCRを47%抑制した。
化合物Aのラット由来PGE2受容体の他のサブタイプ(EP1、EP2、EP3)に対する拮抗作用を評価した。EP1およびEP3については細胞内Ca2+量、EP2については細胞内cAMP量を指標に、被験化合物の作用を検討した。
ラットEP1、EP2またはEP3受容体発現ベクターの構築:
ラットEP1受容体遺伝子(GenBank登録番号:D88751.1)、ラットEP2受容体遺伝子(GenBank登録番号:NM_031088.1)、またはラットEP3受容体遺伝子(GenBank登録番号:NM_012704.1)を、発現ベクターpcDNA3.1-V5-His-TOPO(Invitrogen)にそれぞれ導入した。
ラットEP1、EP2またはEP3受容体安定発現細胞の構築:
ラットEP1、EP2またはEP3受容体の発現ベクターを、HEK-293細胞(ラットEP1またはEP3受容体安定発現用、ATCC番号:CRL-1573)またはCHO-K1細胞(ラットEP2受容体安定発現用、ATCC番号:CCL-61)に導入した。導入には、Lipofectoamine(登録商標)2000試薬(Invitrogen)を用いて、添付説明書に準じて行った。導入後G418(ナカライテスク)含有D-MEM培地(ラットEP1またはEP3受容体安定発現用)(品番11885084、Invitrogen)またはG418含有α-MEM培地(ラットEP2受容体安定発現用)にて細胞を培養し、薬剤耐性クローンを取得した。
EP2受容体安定発現細胞の培養および化合物処理:
ラットEP2を安定的に発現させたCHO-K1細胞を96 well プレートに1x104 個/100 μLで蒔き、10% FBS添加のα-MEM培地を用いて37℃、5% CO2の条件下で終夜培養した。培地を2 μmol/L インドメタシン/0.1% BSA/α-MEM培地に交換し、さらに60分後、1 mmol/L IBMX/ 2 μmol/L インドメタシン/0.1% BSA/α-MEM培地(品番12571063、Invitrogen)に交換した。10分後、被験化合物(最終濃度0.01,0.1,1および10 μmol/ L )を添加し、さらに10分後、最終濃度100 nmol/LになるようにPGE2を添加した(最終DMSO濃度0.1%)。PGE2添加によるcAMP産生量を算出するため、PGE2非添加群を設けた。細胞はCO2インキュベーター(37℃、5% CO2)内にて培養、反応させた。30分後に培地を除き、0.2% TritonX-PBS 100 μL/wellを添加し細胞を溶解した。試験はデュプリケイト(duplicate)にて1回実施した。
EP2受容体安定発現細胞内のcAMP量の測定および解析:
細胞溶解液に含まれるcAMP量を、cAMP HiRangeキットにて試験例4と同様に測定した。最終濃度100 nmol/LのPGE2添加時のcAMP量を100%、PGE2非添加時のcAMP量を0%とし、被験化合物処理時のcAMP量の割合を算出した。
評価の結果、化合物AはラットのEP2受容体を介したPGE2による細胞内cAMP量の増加に対して10,000 nmol/Lまで50%以上の阻害作用を示さなかった。
EP1およびEP3受容体安定発現細胞の培養および化合物処理:
ラットEP1またはラットEP3を安定的に発現させたHEK-293細胞を96 well プレートに1x104 個/100 μLで蒔き、10% FBS添加のD-MEM培地を用いて37℃、5% CO2の条件下で終夜培養した。アッセイバッファー(1xHBSS、20 mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)、0.6 mg/mL probenecid、0.1% BSA)にCa3アッセイキット(モレキュラーデバイス)の蛍光試薬Dyeを70:1の割合で加えた。培地をこの希釈したDye溶液に交換し、3時間インキュベートした。DMSOおよび上記アッセイバッファーに溶解した化合物(最終濃度1および10 μmol/L)をそこに加えた。5分後に最終濃度100 nmol/LになるようにPGE2を添加した(最終DMSO濃度1%)。ラットEP1またはラットEP3受容体安定発現細胞を用いた試験は、それぞれデュプリケイト(duplicate)にて1回実施した。
EP1またはEP3受容体安定発現細胞内Ca2+濃度の測定および解析:
細胞内Ca2+濃度はDyeの蛍光強度を指標としてFLIPR tetra(モレキュラーデバイス)を用いて測定した。PGE2添加による細胞内Ca2+濃度を測定するため、PGE2非添加群を設けた。最終濃度100 nmol/L PGE2添加時のCa2+濃度を100%、PGE2非添加時のCa2+濃度を0%とし、化合物処理時のCa2+濃度の割合を算出した。
評価の結果、化合物AはラットのEP1またはEP3受容体を介したPGE2による細胞内Ca2+濃度の上昇に対して10,000 nmol/Lまで50%以上の阻害作用を示さなかった。
SDラット(雄、7週齢)を使用した。PEG400:20% Tween80:1 mol/L NaHCO3水溶液=1:4:5の混合液に溶解した被験化合物を3 mg/kgで7日間経口投与した(n=5,5 mL/kg)。被験薬非処置群(n=5)には上述の混合液を5 mL/kgの投与容量で7日間経口投与した。最終投与の翌日に終夜絶食下で血液学・血液化学的検査用に採血した。採血後に、放血により安楽死させた動物を直ちに剖検し、胃、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結腸、直腸、肝臓を摘出した。摘出臓器は10%中性緩衝ホルマリン液に固定し、病理組織評価に使用した。
評価の結果、化合物Aは異常を示す所見は認められなかった。
したがって、化合物A又はその塩は、慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防若しくは治療等に使用できる。
また、化合物A又はその塩は、種々の浮腫(例えば、心臓性浮腫、脳浮腫等)、悪性高血圧症などのような高血圧症、月経前緊張症、尿路結石、急性又は慢性疾患によって引き起こされるような尿乏症、高リン血症等の治療及び/又は予防する薬剤として使用できる。
さらに、化合物A又はその塩は、種々の多尿症(例えば、中枢性尿崩症、腎性尿崩症、心因性尿崩症、糖尿病、塩化ナトリウム吸収障害、多飲症等)の治療及び/又は予防する薬剤として使用できる。
投与は錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、液剤等による経口投与、又は、関節内、静脈内、筋肉内等の注射剤、坐剤、点眼剤、眼軟膏、経皮用液剤、軟膏剤、経皮用貼付剤、経粘膜液剤、経粘膜貼付剤、吸入剤等による非経口投与のいずれの形態であってもよい。
経口投与のための液体組成物は、薬剤的に許容される乳濁剤、溶液剤、懸濁剤、シロップ剤又はエリキシル剤等を含み、一般的に用いられる不活性な希釈剤、例えば精製水又はエタノールを含む。当該液体組成物は不活性な希釈剤以外に可溶化剤、湿潤剤、懸濁剤のような補助剤、甘味剤、風味剤、芳香剤、防腐剤を含有していてもよい。
なお、DSC分析及び粉末X線回折は以下の方法により行った。
DSC分析は、TA Instruments製 Q1000およびQ2000を用いて行った。試料およそ2mgを専用のアルミニウム製サンプルパンに充填し、サンプルパンに蓋をしない状態で、窒素雰囲気下(50mL/分)において、測定範囲を室温~300℃とし、昇温速度10℃/分で試料とリファレンス(空のアルミニウム製サンプルパン)との間に発生する熱量変化を連続的に測定し記録した。なお、データ処理を含む装置の取り扱いは、各装置で指示された方法及び手順に従った。
(2)粉末X線回折
粉末X線回折の測定は、RINT-TTRIIを用い、管球:Cu、管電流:300 mA、管電圧:50 kV、サンプリング幅:0.020°、走査速度:4°/min、波長:1.54056Å、測定回折角範囲(2θ):2.5~40°の条件で測定した。なお、データ処理を含む装置の取り扱いは、各装置で指示された方法及び手順に従った。
なお便宜上、濃度mol/LをMとして表す。例えば、1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液は1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液であることを意味する。
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸 (I)の合成
4-[(1S)-1-{[(4-ブロモ-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)カルボニル]アミノ}エチル]安息香酸メチル (5a)の合成
4-ブロモ-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-カルボン酸(3) (1.00 g)、DMF (20 mL)、4-[(1S)-1-アミノエチル]安息香酸メチル 塩酸塩 (1.26 g)、HOBt (0.99 g)の混合物に、1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチルカルボジイミド (1.2 mL)を加え、室温下終夜撹拌した。混合物に酢酸エチルを加え、氷冷下撹拌した。混合物に10%クエン酸水溶液を加え、有機層及び水層に分離し、水層を酢酸エチルにて抽出した。得られた有機層を合わせて、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ろ過した。ろ液を減圧下濃縮し、4-[(1S)-1-{[(4-ブロモ-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)カルボニル]アミノ}エチル]安息香酸メチル(5a) (1.75 g)を得た。
ESI+: 366, 368
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メチル (2a)の合成
4-[(1S)-1-{[(4-ブロモ-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル)カルボニル]アミノ}エチル]安息香酸メチル(5a) (1.72 g)、DMF (20.0 mL)の混合物を氷冷下撹拌した。混合物にカリウムtert-ブトキシド (580 mg)を加え、0.5時間撹拌した。混合物に3-(ブロモメチル)イソキノリン (1.10 g)とDMF (14 mL)の混合物を加え、室温に昇温して10日間撹拌した。得られた混合物を氷冷下撹拌し、酢酸エチル、10%クエン酸水溶液を加え、しばらく撹拌し、酢酸エチルにて抽出した。得られた有機層を、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ろ過した。ろ液を減圧下濃縮し、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (ノルマルヘキサン:酢酸エチル=6:4)にて精製し、4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メチル (2a) (518 mg)を得た。
NMR-DMSO-d6: 9.28 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 9.23 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.81-7.76 (1H, m), 7.72-7.64 (3H, m), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 5.65-5.54 (2H, m), 5.12-5.04 (1H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 1.37 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz)
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸 (I)の合成
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メチル(2a) (486 mg)、THF (10.0 mL)、メタノール (10.0 mL)の混合物に、氷冷下2M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液 (5.0 mL)を加え、室温下17時間攪拌した。混合物に氷冷下1M塩酸 (10.0 mL)を加え、室温に昇温し、2時間攪拌した。析出した固体を濾取し、水で洗浄して4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸(I) (411 mg)を結晶として得た。
ESI+: 493, 495
NMR-DMSO-d6: 12.9-12.7 (1H, m), 9.30 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 9.24 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.81-7.76 (1H, m), 7.74-7.66 (3H, m), 7.53 (1H, s), 7.40 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 5.60 (2H, s), 5.14-5.03 (1H, m), 2.16 (3H, s), 1.37 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz)
元素分析:calcd for C24H21BrN4O3 :C,58.43; H,4.29; N,11.36; Br,16.20.
Found:C,58.33; H,4.38; N,11.24; Br,16.07.
実施例1の工程3で得られた結晶のDSC分析の結果、吸熱ピークのオンセット温度は253℃であった。
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メタンスルホン酸塩 (Ia)の合成
4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸(I) (1000.0 mg)、ジオキサン (30 mL)の混合物に、氷冷下メタンスルホン酸 (140 μL)を加えた。得られた混合物を90℃に昇温し、1時間撹拌した。室温まで放冷後、析出した固体を濾取し、4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メタンスルホン酸塩 (Ia)を結晶 (1030 mg)として得た。
ESI+: 493、 495
NMR-DMSO-d6: 9.32 (1H, s), 9.27 (1H, d,J = 7.7 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.90-7.79 (1H, m), 7.77-7.66 (3H, m), 7.59 (1H, s), 7.40 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 5.71-5.54 (2H, m), 5.16-5.00 (1H, m), 2.33 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 1.37 (3H, d, J = 7.1 Hz)
元素分析:calcd for C24H21BrN4O3.CH4O3S :C,50.94; H,4.27; N,9.50; S,5.44; Br,13.56.
Found :C,50.65; H,4.25; N,9.36; S,5.41; Br,13.42.
実施例2で得られた結晶のDSC分析の結果、吸熱ピークのオンセット温度は192℃であった。
Claims (11)
- 4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸又はその塩。
- 4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メタンスルホン酸塩である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 4-[(1S)-1-({[4-ブロモ-1-(イソキノリン-3-イルメチル)-3-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-5-イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸メタンスルホン酸塩の結晶である、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- DSC分析における吸熱ピークのオンセット温度が192℃であり、管球としてCuを用いた粉末X線回折において、2θ(°)=4.7、9.5、12.0、13.2、13.7、15.3、18.8、20.3、20.9、及び22.8にピークを有する結晶である、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用である請求項5に記載の化合物又はその塩、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物の製造のための請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩の使用。
- 慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- 慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療のための請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩の使用。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩の有効量を対象に投与することからなる慢性腎不全及び/又は糖尿病性腎症の予防又は治療方法。
- 請求項3に記載の結晶、及び製薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含有する医薬組成物。
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Cited By (7)
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WO2018210995A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-22 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | N-substituted indole derivatives |
US11241431B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2022-02-08 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | N-substituted indole derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
US11325899B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-05-10 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Benzofurane and benzothiophene derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
WO2022102731A1 (ja) | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-19 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | Ep4拮抗薬と免疫チェックポイント阻害物質との併用によるがん治療 |
US11446298B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-09-20 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Pyrimidine derivatives |
US11712438B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2023-08-01 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Phenyl derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
US11839613B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2023-12-12 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Pyrimidine derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
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CA2660133C (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2015-10-27 | Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. | Thiophenecarboxamide derivatives as ep4 receptor ligands |
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WO2009005076A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | アミド化合物 |
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Cited By (8)
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US11241431B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2022-02-08 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | N-substituted indole derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
US12011444B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2024-06-18 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | N-substituted indole derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
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US11325899B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-05-10 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Benzofurane and benzothiophene derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
US11446298B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-09-20 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Pyrimidine derivatives |
US11712438B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2023-08-01 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Phenyl derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
US11839613B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2023-12-12 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Pyrimidine derivatives as PGE2 receptor modulators |
WO2022102731A1 (ja) | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-19 | 小野薬品工業株式会社 | Ep4拮抗薬と免疫チェックポイント阻害物質との併用によるがん治療 |
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