WO2016189937A1 - ドリルおよび切削加工物の製造方法 - Google Patents
ドリルおよび切削加工物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016189937A1 WO2016189937A1 PCT/JP2016/058927 JP2016058927W WO2016189937A1 WO 2016189937 A1 WO2016189937 A1 WO 2016189937A1 JP 2016058927 W JP2016058927 W JP 2016058927W WO 2016189937 A1 WO2016189937 A1 WO 2016189937A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drill
- cutting edge
- margin
- groove
- twist
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/009—Stepped drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/10—Bits for countersinking
- B23B51/108—Bits for countersinking having a centering drill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
- B23B2215/04—Aircraft components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/14—Configuration of the cutting part, i.e. the main cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/20—Number of cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/40—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves
- B23B2251/408—Spiral grooves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
- Y10T408/905—Having stepped cutting edges
- Y10T408/906—Axially spaced
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
- Y10T408/909—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
- Y10T408/9095—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with axially extending relief channel
- Y10T408/9097—Spiral channel
Definitions
- the present embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing a drill and a cut product.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a drill capable of machining a through hole into a tapered surface by providing a second cutting edge on the rear side of the perforated portion to process such a through hole. .
- the drill according to the present embodiment is a long shape having a rotation axis, a holed portion located on the first end side, a shank portion located on the second end side, the holed portion, and the shank portion. And a taper portion having a diameter on the second end side larger than that on the first end side.
- the perforated portion includes a first twist groove and a first cutting edge located on the first end side of the first twist groove.
- the tapered portion includes a second twist groove connected to the first twist groove, a second cutting edge located on the first end side of the second twist groove, and a chamfered portion located along the second cutting edge.
- the tapered portion includes a connecting portion between the second cutting edge and the perforated portion connected by a curved surface, and the chamfered portion gradually decreases toward the first end side.
- W / L is 0.0015 to 0.5, where L is the length of the second cutting edge in the front view of FIG. 2 and w is the width of the outer peripheral edge of the chamfered portion in the direction parallel to the rotation axis. .
- the manufacturing method of the cut workpiece according to the embodiment of the present embodiment includes a step of rotating the drill, A step of bringing the first cutting edge of the rotating drill into contact with the work material to make a hole; A step of contacting the second cutting edge of the rotating drill and the work material, and cutting an opening of the hole, And a step of removing the drill from a hole formed in the work material by relatively separating the work material and the drill.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the drill shown in FIG. 1 rotated by 90 °. It is an enlarged view in the 1st end side of the drill shown in FIG. It is an enlarged view in the 1st end side of the drill shown in FIG. It is an enlarged view in F1 part of the drill shown in FIG. It is an enlarged view in F2 part of the drill shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an E1-E1 sectional view of the drill shown in FIG. 5. It is a front view in the 1st end of the drill shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a YY sectional view in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a YY sectional view in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a ZZ sectional view in FIG. 3. It is a side view which shows the drill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the side view which rotated the drill shown in FIG. 12 90 degrees. It is an enlarged view in the 1st end side of the drill shown in FIG. It is a front view in the 1st end of the drill shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating which shows the manufacturing method of the cut workpiece which concerns on this embodiment in order of a process. It is the side view to which the principal part of the drill whose width w of a chamfering part is gradually increasing toward the 1st end side was expanded.
- the drill 1 of the present embodiment has a rotation axis O, is rotatable in the direction of arrow R around the rotation axis O, and has a hole located on the first end (P) side.
- the tapered portion 6 is located between the portion 5, the shank portion 2 located on the second end (Q) side, and the perforated portion 5 and the shank portion 2.
- the direction indicated by the symbol P is defined as the first end
- the direction indicated by the symbol Q is defined as the second end
- the first end side is simply the P side and the second end side is the Q end.
- the tapered portion 6 has a larger diameter on the Q side than on the P side.
- the shank part 2 is held by a processing machine (not shown).
- Examples of the processing machine that holds the shank portion 2 include a hand drill and a machining center.
- the perforated part 5 and the tapered part 6 are parts involved in cutting, and are defined as the cutting part 3 in this embodiment.
- the cutting part 3 is a part in contact with the work material, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the perforated part 5 is located on the P side.
- the drill 1 of this embodiment is a substantially cylindrical long body.
- the drilling part 5 is a part that enters the work material when drilling the work material with the drill 1, and is located on the P side in the first twist groove 9 and the first twist groove 9.
- a first cutting edge 11 is provided.
- the first cutting edge 11 is referred to as a tip cutting edge 11.
- the shank portion 2 has a raised portion 7 on which the second twisted groove 10 is cut off on the P side connected to the tapered portion 6.
- the taper part 6 is located between the perforated part 5 and the shank part 2.
- the taper portion 6 has a second cutting edge 12 whose diameter increases from the P side to the Q side, in other words, from the perforated portion 5 toward the shank portion 2.
- the second cutting edge 12 is referred to as a tapered cutting edge 12.
- the taper cutting edge 12 is a part that widens the hole diameter into a tapered shape at the opening portion of the processing hole formed by the hole forming portion 5 or removes burrs generated during the hole forming processing.
- the tapered portion 6 includes a second twisted groove 10 connected to the first twisted groove 9, a tapered cutting edge 12 positioned on the P side of the second twisted groove 10, and a chamfered portion 25 positioned along the tapered cutting edge 12.
- the taper 6 is opposite to the second leading edge 28 extending to the Q side following the outer peripheral end of the tapered cutting edge 12 and the second twisted groove 10 of the tapered cutting edge 12. It has a taper flank 24 in contact with the side.
- the chamfered portion 25 is located in the second twisted groove 10 along the tapered cutting edge 12.
- the tapered cutting edge 12 and the chamfered portion 25 are adjacent to each other, and the chamfered portion 25 and the second twisted groove 10 are adjacent to each other.
- the width in the direction parallel to the rotation axis O at the outer peripheral end of the chamfered portion 25 shown in FIG. 6 is w (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the width w), and the first end P shown in FIG.
- the width w of the chamfered part 25 gradually increases toward the P side. It is getting smaller. Since the taper cutting edge 12 is located on the rotation axis O side toward the P side, it can be said that the width w of the chamfered portion 25 gradually decreases from the outer peripheral end toward the rotation axis O side. By satisfying such a configuration, the chipping resistance of the tapered cutting edge 12 can be improved, and the chips generated by the tapered cutting edge 12 can be smoothly guided into the second twisted groove 10 to the outside of the system. Since it can discharge
- the outer peripheral end of the tapered cutting edge 12 is likely to be lost.
- w / L is larger than 0.5, the chips generated by the tapered cutting blade 12 come into contact with the chamfered portion 25, the chip traveling direction is bent, and the chips are not guided into the second twisted groove 10. It becomes impossible to control the traveling direction of the chips. As a result, the machined surface of the cut workpiece may be contacted and scratched.
- FIG. 17 when the width w of the chamfered portion 25 is the same or gradually increases toward the P side, a large corner portion 120 is formed on the P side of the chamfered portion 25. The corner 120 may hinder the flow of chips, the chips may jump out of the second twisted groove 10, or a chip component may be welded to the corner 120, and the tapered cutting edge 12 may be chipped from the corner 120. There is a case.
- the portion on the P side of the tapered cutting edge 12 contacts the work material first of all in the tapered cutting edge 12, the portion on the P side of the tapered cutting edge 12, in other words, the rotation axis O of the second twisted groove 10.
- the side portion is a position that greatly affects the direction of travel of the generated chips.
- the outer peripheral end side of the tapered cutting edge 12 located on the outer peripheral end side of the chamfered portion 25 is a position that receives the most impact.
- the chamfered portion 25 is gradually reduced toward the P side, and w / L is 0.0015 to 0.5, so that the fracture resistance of the tapered cutting edge 12 is improved.
- the chips generated by the tapered cutting edge 12 can be smoothly guided into the second twisted groove 10 and discharged out of the system, so that stable chip discharging performance is achieved.
- the maximum diameter D of the perforated portion 5 is set to 4.0 to 6.5 mm.
- the connecting portion 23 indicates a region that is curved in a side view.
- the chamfered portion 25 has an axial inclination angle ⁇ of 0 ° to 30 °, the chips generated by the tapered cutting blade 12 can be easily guided into the second twisted groove 10 and the tapered cutting blade 12 is used. It is possible to improve the fracture resistance of the steel.
- the axial inclination angle ⁇ of the chamfered portion 25 is an angle ⁇ formed by a virtual extension line of the chamfered portion 25 with respect to a line connecting the tapered cutting edge 12 and a straight line parallel to the rotation axis O as shown in FIG. It is.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is constant from the rotation axis O side to the outer peripheral end side, but is not limited to this, and the inclination angle ⁇ is within the range from the rotation axis O side to the outer peripheral end side. It may have changed.
- the radial rake ⁇ of the taper cutting edge 12 when the radial rake ⁇ of the taper cutting edge 12 is ⁇ 5 ° to ⁇ 25 °, the chips generated from the taper cutting edge 12 are curled small, and the chips are small and divided. Therefore, it becomes easy to be discharged from the second twisted groove 10.
- the radial rake ⁇ of the tapered cutting edge 12 indicates a rake angle in the radial direction, as shown in FIG.
- the clearance angle ⁇ of the taper cutting edge 12 (sometimes referred to as a taper clearance angle) ⁇ is 5 ° to 30 °, both the wear resistance and chipping resistance of the taper cutting blade 12 are achieved. be able to.
- the clearance angle ⁇ is constant from the rotation axis O side to the outer peripheral end side, but is not limited to this, and the clearance angle ⁇ is within the range from the rotation axis O side to the outer peripheral end side. It may have changed.
- the second twisted groove 10 is located on the rotation direction R side of the tapered cutting edge 12. Chips generated by the tapered cutting edge 12 are guided into the second twisted groove 10 through the chamfered portion 25, and the chips are discharged to the Q side along the shape of the second twisted groove 10.
- the 1st twist groove 9 is located in the rotation direction R side of the 1st leading edge 27 extended to the Q side from the outer peripheral end of the front-end cutting edge 11 of the perforated part 5, as shown in FIG.
- Both the first torsion groove 9 and the second torsion groove 10 may be formed by a single process, and after the first torsion groove 9 or the second torsion groove 10 is formed first, another process is performed.
- One twist groove (second twist groove 10 or first twist groove 9) may be formed.
- the twist angle ⁇ ⁇ b> 2 of the second twist groove 10 is larger than the twist angle ⁇ ⁇ b> 1 of the first twist groove 9. This makes it easier for chips to be guided into the second twisted groove 10.
- the angle between the first leading edge 27 and the rotation axis O is defined as a first twist angle ⁇ 1
- the angle between the second leading edge 28 and the rotation axis O is defined as a second twist angle ⁇ 2.
- the drill 1 has two first twist grooves 9 and two second twist grooves 10, and also has two tip cutting edges 11 and two taper cutting edges 12.
- the first twist groove 9, the second twist groove 10, the tip cutting edge 11, and the taper cutting edge 12 are positioned so as to be rotationally symmetric with respect to the rotation axis O at a predetermined interval. is doing.
- tip cutting edge 11, and the taper cutting edge 12 may be one, and may be three or more. Usually, it can be arbitrarily selected from 1 to 5 ranges.
- the perforated portion 5 has a tip cutting edge 11 located on the P side of the first twisted groove 9 and a position opposite to the rotation direction R of the drill 1 with respect to the tip cutting edge 11.
- the tip clearance surface 14 has a tip clearance angle (not shown) of 5 ° to 20 ° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis O.
- the drill 1 has a chisel edge portion 15 in which a plurality of tip flank surfaces 14 intersect with each other, and a thinning portion 16 that is partly polished to reduce the core thickness.
- the thinning portion 16 makes it easy for the tip cutting edge 11 to bite the work material.
- the thinning unit 16 can be omitted.
- the perforated portion 5 includes a first twisted groove 9 located on the side surface on the P side and a first side extending to the Q side following the outer peripheral end of the tip cutting edge 11.
- the leading edge 27 and the outer peripheral portion 8 adjacent in the direction opposite to the rotation direction R of the first leading edge 27 are provided. Further, the position of the perforated portion 5 in contact with the tip cutting edge 11 of the first twisted groove 9 may be planar.
- the outer peripheral portion 8 is a portion other than the first twisted groove 9 on the side surface of the perforated portion 5.
- the margin part 13 is provided at the front edge in the drill rotation direction among the open ends of the first twist groove 9. That is, the margin portion 13 is located at the opening end on the opposite side to the rotation direction R of the two opening ends of the first twisted groove 9.
- the margin portion 13 exhibits a function of a guide that stabilizes the traveling direction of the drill 1 by slidingly contacting the inner wall surface of the processing hole when the workpiece is cut by the tip cutting edge 11.
- the portion other than the margin portion 13 is the clearance portion 17, and the distance from the rotation axis O corresponding to the radial thickness of the clearance portion 17 is the radial thickness of the margin portion 13. It is shorter than the distance from the rotation axis O corresponding to this. Accordingly, the clearance portion 17 does not contact the inner wall surface of the processing hole, and frictional heat due to the contact is not generated, so that the inner wall surface of the processing hole can be prevented from being damaged.
- the margin portion 13 is notched on the Q side of the margin portion 13 and on the opening side of the first twisted groove 9. Yes.
- the notched margin portion 13 is referred to as a small margin portion 19, and in the perforated portion 5, the region having the small margin portion 19 is the rear portion 21, and the region having the not-margin margin portion 13 is the front portion. It is called part 20.
- the rear part 21 when the small margin part 19 contacts the inner wall surface of the machining hole, it is possible to reduce the biting of the small margin part 19 to the work material and to suppress chatter vibration generated in the drill 1.
- the outer circle C in FIGS. 9 and 10 is the rotation trajectory of the outer peripheral end of the tip cutting edge 11, that is, the inner wall surface of the machining hole drilled by the drill 1.
- the margin portion 13 and the small margin portion 19 are shown rotated in a similar direction so that the arrangement of the margin portion 13 and the small margin portion 19 can be easily compared. Yes.
- the twist angle ⁇ 12 of the first twist groove 9 at the small margin portion 19 is smaller than the twist angle ⁇ 11 of the first twist groove 9 at the margin portion 13. Thereby, the biting of the work material in the rear part 21 can be suppressed.
- the twist angle ⁇ 2 of the second twist groove 10 is smaller than the twist angle ⁇ 12 at the rear portion 21 of the first twist groove 9.
- the width w of the chamfered portion 25 of the tapered cutting edge 12 gradually decreases from the outer peripheral end toward the rotation axis O side. As a result, the strength of the cutting edge can be maintained, so that the chipping at the tapered cutting edge 12 can be suppressed.
- the Q of the small margin portion 13 shown in FIG. 10 is larger than the inclination angle ⁇ 1 on the P side of the margin portion 13 shown in FIG.
- the inclination angle ⁇ ⁇ b> 2 at the outer peripheral end of the small margin portion 19 on the side, that is, the rear portion 21 is small.
- 9 represents the direction of the opening surface of the first torsion groove 9 at the outer peripheral end of the margin portion 13 in the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis O shown in FIGS. It is represented by an angle formed by a straight line connecting the rotation axis O and a tangent to the opening surface of the first twisted groove 9 at the outer peripheral end of the margin portion 13.
- the inclination angle ⁇ ⁇ b> 1 is expressed by the direction of the first twist groove 9, and the inclination angle ⁇ ⁇ b> 2 is expressed by the direction of the notch 22.
- the biting of the margin part 13 in the rear part 21 can be suppressed, and chatter vibration in the rear part 21 can be suppressed.
- the shape of the cutout portion 22 of the small margin portion 19 is a concave curved surface with respect to the opening portion of the first twisted groove 9 in a sectional view.
- the chips are prevented from being drawn toward the inner wall surface side of the machining hole by the small margin portion 19, and the chips are caught between the small margin portion 19 and the inner wall surface of the machining hole. Can be suppressed.
- the margin part 13 of the front part 20 the margin part 13 is not notched but exhibits high guideability.
- the width h2 of the small margin portion 19 is smaller than the width h1 of the margin portion 13. Thereby, generation
- the widths of the margin portion 13 and the small margin portion 19 can be confirmed in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis O as shown in FIGS.
- the ratio (l2 / l1) between the length l1 of the front portion 20 in the direction of the rotation axis O and the length l2 of the rear portion 21 in the direction of the rotation axis O is 0.2 to 0.8.
- the guide part 26 having a width wider than the margin part 13 is provided on the Q side in contact with the connection part 23 of the perforated part 5.
- FIGS. 12 to 15 show a stepped drill having a step that increases in diameter toward the Q side in the middle of the outer peripheral portion 8 of the perforated portion 5 according to the second embodiment.
- the drill 31 has a perforated portion 33 and a tapered portion 60. Similar to the first embodiment, the configuration of the tapered portion 60 includes a second cutting edge 61, a second twisted groove 62, a second leading edge 63, a tapered flank 65, and a chamfered portion 67. In addition, since the structure of the taper part 60 is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, description is abbreviate
- the perforated portion 33 includes a small diameter portion 34 located on the P side, a large diameter portion 35 located on the Q side, in other words, the tapered portion 60 side, and a step portion located between the small diameter portion 34 and the large diameter portion 35. 36.
- the small diameter portion 34 has a first cutting edge 40, a first twist groove 39, and a first outer peripheral portion 42.
- the small diameter portion 34 has a first margin portion 44 at the front edge of the first outer peripheral portion 42 in the drill rotation direction R.
- a portion other than the first margin portion 44 is a first clearance portion 46.
- the small diameter portion 34 further includes a first flank 43, a chisel edge 45, and a thinning portion 46, similar to the drill 1.
- Chips from the first cutting edge 40 are discharged to the rear of the perforated portion 33 through the first twist groove 39.
- the first twist grooves 39 are located corresponding to the first cutting edges 40, and the number of the plurality of first twist grooves 39 is the same as the number of the first cutting edges 40.
- a twist angle ⁇ 4 (not shown), which is an angle formed with the rotation axis O of the first twist groove 39, is 10 to 45 °.
- the step portion 36 includes a step portion cutting edge 41, a first twist groove 39, and a second flank 50.
- the second flank 50 has a tip flank (not shown) of 5 ° to 20 ° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis O.
- Chips from the stepped cutting blade 41 are also discharged to the rear of the perforated portion 33 through the first twisted groove 39. That is, both the chips from the first cutting edge 40 and the chips from the stepped cutting edge 41 pass through the first twisted groove 39 and are discharged to the rear of the perforated portion 33.
- the ratio (L2 / L1) between the length L1 of the first cutting edge 40 and the length L2 of the stepped cutting edge 41 is 0.1 to 1.
- a particularly preferable range of the ratio (L2 / L1) is 0.2 to 0.5.
- the large-diameter portion 35 has a first twist groove 39 and a second outer peripheral portion 54.
- the large diameter portion 35 includes a first large diameter portion 55 on the stepped portion 36 side, that is, the P side, and a second large diameter portion 56 on the shank portion 2 side, that is, the Q side.
- the first large diameter portion 55 has a second margin portion 57 at the front edge in the drill rotation direction R of the second outer peripheral portion 54 in the opening end of the first twist groove 39, and the second large diameter portion 56.
- Has a third margin portion 59 at the front edge in the drill rotation direction R of the second outer peripheral portion 54 in the opening end of the first twist groove 39.
- a portion of the second outer peripheral portion 54 other than the second margin portion 57 and the third margin portion 59 is a second clearance portion 58.
- the distance from the rotating shaft O of the 2nd margin part 57 and the 3rd margin part 59 is the same.
- the third margin portion 59 has a notch (not shown) on the first twist groove 39 side, and corresponds to the small margin portion 19 of the first embodiment. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the width (not shown) of the first margin portion 44 is smaller than the width (not shown) of the second margin portion 57. As a result, the cutting resistance of the first cutting edge 40 can be reduced, the wear resistance of the first cutting edge 40 can be increased, and the straightness of the processed hole processed by the small diameter portion 34 is improved. be able to.
- the tip angle ⁇ 1 of the small diameter portion 34 is 90 ° to 130 °, and the angle formed by the inclination angles of the stepped portion 36, that is, the tip angle ⁇ 2 of the stepped cutting edge 41 is 120 ° to 150 °. And ⁇ 2 is larger than ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 16 An example of the manufacturing method of the cut material which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. In FIG. 16, drilling is performed using the drill 1. First, as shown in FIG. 16A, the above-described drill 1 is used to rotate in the direction of arrow R about the rotation axis O.
- the work material 100 is preferably made of a material that is easily bent, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the work material 100 may be a laminate of an aluminum material and another member such as a titanium alloy. Such a work material 100 is used for structural members, such as an aircraft, for example.
- the opening portion of the hole 101 is cut by a taper cutting blade so that the hole diameter is enlarged and tapered, or burrs generated during drilling are removed.
- the drill 1 is pulled out from the through hole 101 in the direction of the arrow, and the work material 100 and the drill 1 are relatively separated from each other.
- the desired cut workpiece 110 can be obtained by drilling the work material 100 in the above process.
- the step of bringing the tip cutting edge and the taper cutting edge of the drill 1 into contact with different portions of the work material 100 may be repeated while maintaining the state where the drill 1 is rotated.
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Abstract
Description
前記孔開け部は、第1ねじれ溝と、該第1ねじれ溝の前記第1端側に位置する第1切刃と、を有する。
前記テーパ部は、第1ねじれ溝に繋がる第2ねじれ溝と、該第2ねじれ溝の前記第1端側に位置する第2切刃と、該第2切刃に沿って位置する面取り部と、を有する。
前記テーパ部は、前記第2切刃と前記孔開け部との接続部が曲面でつながっているとともに、前記面取り部が、前記第1端側に向かって漸次小さくなっており、前記第1端の正面視における前記第2切刃の長さをL、前記回転軸に平行な方向における前記面取り部の外周端の幅をwとしたとき、w/Lが0.0015~0.5である。
回転している前記ドリルの前記第1切刃と被削材とを接触させて孔開けする工程と、
回転しているドリルの前記第2切刃と前記被削材とを接触させて、前記孔開けした孔の開口部を切削する工程と、
前記被削材と前記ドリルとを相対的に離隔させて、前記被削材に形成された孔から前記ドリルを抜く工程と、を備える。
第1の実施形態に係るドリルについて、図1~図11を用いて詳細に説明する。
図1に示すように、本実施形態のドリル1は、回転軸Oを有して、回転軸Oを中心に矢印R方向に回転可能であり、第1端(P)側に位置する孔開け部5と、第2端(Q)側に位置するシャンク部2と、孔開け部5とシャンク部2との間にテーパ部6が位置する。なお、本実施形態においては、符号Pで示す方を第1端、符号Qで示す方を第2端と定義し、以下の記載において第1端側を単にP側、第2端側をQ側と記載する。テーパ部6は、P側よりQ側の径が大きい。シャンク部2は、図示しない加工機に把持されるものである。
図1~11の第1の実施形態においては、孔開け部5の外周部8は全長にわたって同じ径であったが、本実施形態はこれに限定されるものではない。図12~15は第2の実施形態である孔開け部5の外周部8の途中でQ側に向かって拡径する段が付いている段付きのドリルである。
本実施形態に係る切削加工物の製造方法の一例を、図16を用いて説明する。図16では、ドリル1を用いて孔開け加工する。
まず、図16Aに示すように、上述したドリル1を用いて、回転軸Oを中心に矢印R方向に回転させる。
2 シャンク部
3 切削部
5 孔開け部
6 テーパ部
7 切れ上がり部
8 外周部
9 第1ねじれ溝
10 第2ねじれ溝
11 第1切刃(先端切刃)
12 第2切刃(テーパ切刃)
13 マージン部
14 先端逃げ面
15 チゼルエッジ部
16 シンニング部
17 クリアランス部
19 小マージン部
20 前方部
21 後方部
22 切欠き部
23 接続部
24 テーパ逃げ面
25 面取り部
26 ガイド部
27 第1リーディングエッジ
28 第2リーディングエッジ
P 第1端
Q 第2端
O 回転軸
L 第1端の正面視におけるテーパ切刃の長さ
w 回転軸に平行な方向における面取り部の外周端の幅
α 第2ねじれ溝における軸方向傾斜角
β1(β11、β12) 第1ねじれ溝のねじれ角
β2 第2ねじれ溝のねじれ角
θ 面取り部の軸方向傾斜角
γ 第2切刃の逃げ角
ω1 前方部のマージン部の外周端における傾斜角
ω2 後方部のマージン部の外周端における傾斜角
σ 第2切刃のラジアルレーキ
Claims (21)
- 回転軸を有する長尺状のドリルであって、
第1端側に位置する孔開け部と、第2端側に位置するシャンク部と、前記孔開け部と前記シャンク部との間に位置し、前記第1端側より前記第2端側の径が大きいテーパ部とを備え、
前記孔開け部は、第1ねじれ溝と、該第1ねじれ溝の前記第1端側に位置する第1切刃と、を有し、
前記テーパ部は、第1ねじれ溝に繋がる第2ねじれ溝と、該第2ねじれ溝の前記第1端側に位置する第2切刃と、該第2切刃に沿って位置する面取り部と、を有し、
前記第2切刃と前記孔開け部との接続部が曲面でつながっているとともに、前記面取り部が、前記第1端側に向かって漸次小さくなっており、前記第1端の正面視における前記第2切刃の長さをL、前記回転軸に平行な方向における前記面取り部の外周端の幅をwとしたとき、w/Lが0.0015~0.5であるドリル。 - 前記接続部と接する位置に前記面取り部の前記回転軸側の終端が存在するドリル。
- 前記第2ねじれ溝のねじれ角β2は、前記第1ねじれ溝のねじれ角β1よりも大きい請求項1または2記載のドリル。
- 前記面取り部は、軸方向傾斜角θが0°~30°である請求項1乃至3のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記第2ねじれ溝は、前記回転軸側の軸方向傾斜角αが前記外周側よりも小さい請求項1乃至4のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記第2切刃の逃げ角γが5°~30°である請求項1乃至5のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記孔開け部は、前記第1切刃の外周端から第2端側に延びる第1リーディングエッジを有するとともに、該第1リーディングエッジに接する外周部にマージン部を有する請求項1乃至6のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記マージン部は、前記テーパ部側において、前記第1ねじれ溝側が切欠かれている請求項7記載のドリル。
- 前記孔開け部の前記接続部と接する前記第2端側に、前記マージン部より幅が広いガイド部を有する請求項7または8記載のドリル。
- 前記第2切刃のラジアルレーキが-5°~-25°である請求項1乃至9のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記孔開け部は、外周部のドリル回転方向の前縁に位置するマージン部を有し、
前記孔開け部の前記テーパ部側に、前記マージン部の前記ねじれ溝側が切欠かれた小マージン部を有する請求項1乃至10のいずれか記載のドリル。 - 断面視で、前記小マージン部の切欠き形状が前記ねじれ溝の開口部に対して凹曲面である請求項11記載のドリル。
- 前記小マージン部の端部における傾斜角α2が、前記マージン部の端部における傾斜角α1よりも小さい請求項11または12記載のドリル。
- 前記孔開け部は、
前記第1端側に位置する小径部と、
前記第2端側に位置する大径部と、
前記小径部との前記大径部との間に位置する段部と、
前記ねじれ溝の前記段部の側端縁に位置する段部切刃と、
を有し、
前記大径部は、
前記小径部側に、前記ねじれ溝部側が切欠かれない前記マージン部を有する第1大径部と、
前記シャンク部側に、前記マージン部の前記ねじれ溝部側が切欠かれた前記小マージン部を有する第2大径部と
を具備する請求項11乃至13のいずれか記載のドリル。 - 前記第2大径部の前記小マージン部の幅は前記第1大径部の前記マージン部の幅よりも小さい14記載のドリル。
- 前記小径部にも、前記外周部のドリル回転方向の前縁に位置する前記マージン部を有するとともに、前記小径部における前記マージン部の幅が、前記第1大径部における前記マージン部の幅よりも小さい請求項14または15記載のドリル。
- 側方視で、前記小径部の先端角θ1が90°~130°であり、前記段部の傾斜角同士がなす角度θ2が130°~150°であるとともに、前記θ2が前記θ1よりも大きい請求項14乃至16のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記第2切刃におけるすくい角α3が、前記小マージン部の端部における傾斜角α2よりも小さい請求項1乃至17のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 前記小マージン部における前記ねじれ溝のねじれ角は、前記マージン部における前記ねじれ溝のねじれ角よりも大きい請求項11乃至18のいずれか記載のドリル。
- 請求項1乃至19のいずれか記載のドリルを回転させる工程と、
回転している前記ドリルの前記第1切刃と被削材とを接触させて孔開けする工程と、
回転している前記ドリルの前記第2切刃と前記被削材とを接触させて、前記孔開けした孔の開口部を切削する工程と、
前記被削材と前記ドリルとを相対的に離隔させて、前記被削材に形成された孔から前記ドリルを抜く工程と、
を備える、切削加工物の製造方法。 - 回転している前記第1切刃と前記被削材、および前記段部切刃と前記被削材とを接触させて孔開けする工程をさらに備える、請求項20記載の切削加工物の製造方法。
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