WO2016151695A1 - 車両の電力制御装置 - Google Patents
車両の電力制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016151695A1 WO2016151695A1 PCT/JP2015/058559 JP2015058559W WO2016151695A1 WO 2016151695 A1 WO2016151695 A1 WO 2016151695A1 JP 2015058559 W JP2015058559 W JP 2015058559W WO 2016151695 A1 WO2016151695 A1 WO 2016151695A1
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- battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04597—Current of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
- B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to power generation control technology of a power generation unit mounted on a vehicle driven by an electric motor.
- a vehicle equipped with a range extender which is a power generation unit, has been developed.
- the range extender is composed of, for example, a small-sized generator-only engine and a generator, and increases the cruising distance of the electric vehicle by supplying the generated electric power to the electric motor or using it to charge the on-vehicle battery. be able to.
- development of a fuel cell advances in recent years, and the vehicle carrying a fuel cell is proposed.
- vehicles using fuel cells instead of engines have been proposed as range extenders for electric vehicles.
- Patent Document 1 in a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell, the fuel cell and the battery are supplied to the electric motor as a power supply source, and driving wheels can be driven to travel. Furthermore, Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for controlling the output of a fuel cell so that the battery charging rate (SOC) is maintained at a target charging rate set near the lower limit value after the battery power is used. It is done.
- SOC battery charging rate
- the power generation unit must output the power generation unit so as to be sufficient for the vehicle power consumption. If the power consumption of the vehicle is high as in high-speed driving, the output from the fuel cell must be increased, which may reduce the efficiency. And, since the fuel of the power generation unit mounted on the vehicle is limited, the reduction in the efficiency of the power generation unit results in the reduction of the cruising distance of the vehicle.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to control a power generation unit such as a fuel cell to output efficiently and to increase the cruising distance. To provide.
- a power control device for a vehicle is a power generation device for consuming fuel and generating power, and a power control device for a vehicle for supplying power from a battery to a driving motor.
- a fuel remaining amount detection unit that detects a fuel remaining amount of the power generation unit; a power generation start determination unit that determines a power generation start of the power generation unit; and a power generation control unit that controls a power generation output of the power generation unit.
- the power generation control unit sets a target charging rate of the battery so as to decrease as the remaining amount of fuel decreases after the power generation start determination, and controls the power generation output based on the target charging rate. It is characterized by
- the power generation start determination unit calculates the vehicle speed equivalent value based on the power supplied from the battery and determines the power generation start when the vehicle speed equivalent value exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the power generation start determination unit may calculate the vehicle speed equivalent value by smoothing the power supplied from the battery.
- the battery pack further includes a charging rate detection unit that detects a current charging rate of the battery, and the power generation control unit controls the power generation output based on a difference between the target charging rate and the current charging rate.
- the power generation unit is a fuel cell.
- the target charging rate decreases as the fuel remaining amount of the power generation unit decreases, so the target charging rate is set to gradually decrease with the operation of the power generation unit. Ru.
- the fuel consumption and the decrease in the charge ratio of the battery progress simultaneously at the time when the power generation start is determined, and it is possible to secure the power generation time and to suppress the power generation output. Therefore, since power generation can be performed with a suppressed power generation output, the power generation efficiency of the power generation unit can be improved, and the amount of power generation with limited fuel can be increased to increase the cruising distance of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a drive system of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a vehicle 1 adopting a power control device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is an electric vehicle that drives left and right traveling drive wheels 5 with an electric motor 3 via a differential 4.
- a battery 6 and a fuel cell 8 are mounted on the vehicle 1 as a power supply device for supplying electric power to the electric motor 3 for driving.
- the fuel cell 8 generates electric power using hydrogen stored in a fuel tank 9 mounted on a vehicle.
- the electric power generated by the fuel cell 8 is supplied to the primary side of the DC-DC converter 10 and boosted, and can be supplied from the secondary side of the DC-DC converter 10 to the electric motor 3 through the inverter 11.
- the battery 6 can supply power to the electric motor 3 via the inverter 11.
- the fuel cell 8 and the battery 6 via the DC-DC converter 10 are connected in parallel, and the surplus power of the power output from the fuel cell 8 is supplied to the battery 6 to charge the battery 6.
- a charger 12 is mounted on the vehicle 1.
- the charger 12 is an AC-DC converter, which converts an AC voltage supplied from an external power supply through an outlet 13 into a direct current, and supplies it to the battery 6 to enable charging of the battery 6.
- the fuel tank 9 is provided with a fuel remaining amount detector 20 (fuel remaining amount detecting unit) for detecting a fuel remaining amount (hydrogen remaining amount).
- the battery 6 is provided with a battery monitoring unit 21 (charging rate detection unit) that monitors the charging rate of the battery 6.
- the control unit 22 power generation start determination unit, power generation control unit
- the other vehicle operation information such as the remaining amount of fuel, the charge rate of the battery 6, the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle 1, and the operation information of on-vehicle devices such as air conditioners are input from the battery monitoring unit 21.
- the operation control is performed, and the output control of the fuel cell 8 is performed via the DC-DC converter 10.
- the control unit 22 performs the power generation start determination to determine the high output and high speed traveling state of the vehicle 1 when the vehicle is traveling (power generation start determination unit).
- the control unit 22 sequentially calculates vehicle power consumption obtained by adding the power consumption of the electric motor 3 and the power consumption of other on-vehicle devices, that is, the power supplied from the battery, and smoothes the vehicle power consumption using a filter or the like. To obtain a vehicle speed change equivalent value. Then, when the vehicle speed change equivalent value continues for a predetermined time Ta or more and exceeds a predetermined threshold Va set in advance, it is determined that the power generation is started as the vehicle 1 is in the high output / high speed traveling state (generation start determination )do.
- the predetermined threshold value Va and the predetermined time Ta may be appropriately set to values capable of determining that the vehicle is in a high output / high speed traveling state in which the output efficiency from the fuel cell 8 is reduced.
- the power generation start determination is also performed at that time when the charging rate of the battery 6 reaches a target charging rate SOCb described later.
- the control unit 22 further calculates and controls the power generation output Pf of the fuel cell 8 every predetermined calculation cycle (for example, several msec) after the power generation start determination is made (power generation control unit).
- SOC is the current charging rate of the battery 6 input from the battery monitoring unit 21.
- the SOCt is a target charging rate, and is calculated at each predetermined operation cycle together with the equation (1) according to the following equation (2).
- ⁇ is an output gain, for example, 0 when the charging rate SOC is higher than the target charging rate SOCt, and when the charging rate SOC is lower than the target charging rate SOCt, the difference between the target charging rate SOCt and the charging rate SOC increases Accordingly, the output gain ⁇ may be set to increase.
- SOCt SOCb + (SOCa-SOCb) ⁇ ⁇ (Qf-Qfb) / (Qfa-Qfb) ⁇ (2)
- SOCa is a start charging rate, and is used by storing the charging rate of the battery 6 when it is determined that the power generation has been started.
- the SOCb is an ultimate target charging rate, and is a charging rate of the battery 6 required at least when the vehicle 1 ends traveling, and is set to, for example, a positive value close to zero.
- Qf is the present fuel remaining amount input from the fuel remaining amount detector 20, and Qfa is the start fuel remaining amount.
- the start time fuel remaining amount Qfa is used by storing the fuel remaining amount when it is determined that the power generation is started.
- Qfb is the attainment target fuel remaining amount, which is at least the remaining amount of fuel required when traveling of the vehicle 1 is completed.
- the target fuel remaining amount Qfb is set to, for example, a positive value close to zero.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the transition of the battery charging rate SOC, the remaining amount of fuel Qf, and the power generation output Pf during traveling of the vehicle according to the present embodiment.
- the charge ratio SOC of (B), the remaining amount of fuel Qf, and (C) the power generation output Pf of the fuel cell 8 are shown.
- the solid line is the present embodiment in which the power generation output Pf is set using the above formulas (1) and (2), and the broken line shows the transition in the comparative example.
- the dashed-two dotted line in FIG. 2 (A) has shown transition of the target charging rate SOCt set in this embodiment.
- the electric motor 3 is driven only with the power from the battery 6 until the charging rate SOC of the battery 6 reaches the target goal charging rate SOCb, and the target is reached after the target goal charging rate SOCb is reached.
- power is supplied from the fuel cell 8 based on the difference between the current charging rate SOC and the target charging rate SOCb.
- the vehicle 1 is in a high output and high speed traveling state, and the vehicle power consumption is longer than a predetermined time Ta If the threshold value Va is continuously exceeded, it is determined that the power generation is started, and the power generation of the fuel cell 8 is started. Therefore, power generation is started earlier than in the comparative example in the high power / high speed running state. Thus, by starting power generation early, the output of the fuel cell 8 can be suppressed, and the shortage for the vehicle power consumption is compensated by the output from the battery 6.
- the target charging rate SOCt is set to decrease as the fuel remaining amount Qf decreases, and the fuel remaining amount Qf reaches the target fuel remaining amount Qfb and the target charging rate SOCt
- the target charging rate SOCt is set so as to simultaneously reach the reaching target charging rate SOCb.
- the power generation output Pf is calculated based on the difference between the target charging rate SOCt and the current charging rate SOC, feedback control is accurately performed so that the charging rate SOC matches the target charging rate SOCt.
- the target charging rate SOCt gradually decreases with the decrease of the remaining fuel amount Qf, and is controlled so as to reach the reaching target charging rate SOCb at the same time as the remaining fuel amount Qf reaches the target fuel remaining amount Qfb.
- the actual charging rate SOC of the battery 6 also reaches the target charging rate SOCb substantially simultaneously with the target charging rate SOCt. Therefore, from the state where the charge rate of battery 6 is 100% and the remaining amount of fuel is at the time of start fuel remaining amount Qfa, the distance traveled by vehicle 1 until the charge rate SOCa and the remaining amount of fuel Qfb reaches the maximum travel distance It becomes.
- the fuel cell 8 outputs the fuel until the remaining fuel amount Qf reaches the attainment target fuel remaining amount Qfb, and the target charging rate SOCt is gradually decreased with the decrease of the remaining fuel amount Qf. It is possible to secure the power generation time from the start to the end of traveling and to suppress the output of the fuel cell 8.
- the charging rate SOC of the battery 6 since the charging rate SOC of the battery 6 has already reached the target charging rate SOCb after the start of power generation, it is difficult to increase the output from the battery 6, and accordingly, when the vehicle power consumption increases significantly.
- the output from the fuel cell 8 must be greatly increased in accordance with the increase.
- the charging rate SOC exceeds the attainment target charging rate SOCb in the period from the start of power generation to the end of traveling, even if the vehicle power consumption temporarily increases, The output is increased, and the fluctuation of the output of the fuel cell 8 can be suppressed.
- the charging start timing is advanced, and the fuel remaining amount Qf reaches the target fuel remaining amount Qfb.
- the charging rate SOCt By reducing the charging rate SOCt, it is possible to secure the power generation time and keep the output of the fuel cell 8 constant. Since the fuel cell 8 generally decreases in efficiency as the output increases, the output of the fuel cell 8 is suppressed, and the efficiency of the fuel cell 8 is improved. Further, since the fluctuation of the output of the fuel cell 8 can be suppressed also against the fluctuation of the vehicle power consumption, the efficiency of the fuel cell 8 can be improved also in this respect.
- the fuel cell 8 can be efficiently generated, fuel consumption can be suppressed, and the cruising distance can be increased.
- the power generation start is not judged early, and power generation is started after the charging rate SOC of the battery 6 reaches the reaching target charging rate SOCb as in the comparative example. Therefore, since the power consumption of the electric motor 3 is small, it is not necessary to make the fuel cell 8 have a high output, and therefore the efficiency drop of the fuel cell 8 can be suppressed.
- the power generation start determination is performed based on the vehicle speed equivalent value calculated by smoothing the vehicle power consumption, and the vehicle 1 has high output when the vehicle speed equivalent value exceeds the threshold value Va for a predetermined time or more. It is determined to start power generation, assuming that the vehicle is traveling at high speed. On the other hand, for example, when it is determined that the vehicle is in a high output / high speed traveling state when the vehicle speed itself is equal to or higher than the threshold, the vehicle speed fluctuates even if the output is constant on an uphill or downhill, for example. It is difficult to accurately determine the high-speed running state.
- the power generation start determination is determined based on the vehicle speed equivalent value obtained by smoothing the vehicle power consumption, so it is not easily affected by the uphill or the downhill, and the influence of the output fluctuation due to acceleration and deceleration is also suppressed.
- the high output and high speed traveling state of the vehicle 1 can be determined stably and accurately.
- a fuel cell is used as the power generation unit, but instead of the fuel cell, a unit in which an engine and a generator are combined may be used.
- the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle capable of series mode, but even in such a vehicle, the generator and the engine are drive-controlled to control the output from the generator in the same manner as the output control of the fuel cell. By doing this, the engine can be operated efficiently and the cruising distance can be increased.
- Fuel cell 1 vehicle 3 electric motor 6 battery 8 fuel cell (power generation unit) 20 Fuel level detector (fuel level detector) 21 Battery monitoring unit (charging rate detection unit) 22 Control unit (generation start determination unit, generation control unit)
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Abstract
Description
ところで、近年では燃料電池の開発が進み、燃料電池を搭載した車両が提案されている。更に、電気自動車のレンジエクステンダーとして、エンジンの代わりに燃料電池を用いる車両が提案されている。
しかしながら、燃料電池は一般的に出力が増加すると効率が低下する。また、燃料電池の代わりにエンジン駆動の発電機を使用したとしてもエンジンの効率のよい回転速度範囲が限られている。したがって、特許文献1のように目標充電率に達してから充電率と目標充電率とに基づいて発電ユニットの発電出力を設定すると、車両消費電力に足りるように発電ユニットから出力させなければならず、高速走行時のように車両消費電力が高い場合に燃料電池からの出力を高くしなければならなくなり、効率が低下してしまう可能性がある。そして、車両に搭載される発電ユニットの燃料は限られるので、発電ユニットの効率低下は、結果的に車両の航続距離を減少させることになってしまう。
また、好ましくは、前記発電開始判定部は、前記バッテリから供給される電力を平滑化して前記車速相当値を演算するとよい。
また、好ましくは、前記発電ユニットは、燃料電池であるとよい。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る車両1の駆動系の概略構成図である。
本発明の一実施形態に係る電力制御装置2を採用した車両1は、電気モータ3によりデフ4を介して左右の走行駆動輪5を駆動する電気自動車である。
車両1には、走行駆動用の電気モータ3に電力を供給する電源装置として、バッテリ6と燃料電池8を搭載している。
DC-DCコンバータ10を介した燃料電池8とバッテリ6とは並列に接続されており、燃料電池8から出力された電力の余剰電力は、バッテリ6に供給されてバッテリ6を充電する。また、電気モータ3の駆動に必要な電力に対して発電ユニット7から出力された電力が不足する場合には、バッテリ6から電力が供給される。
また、車両1には、充電機12が搭載されている。充電機12はAC-DCコンバータであり、コンセント13を介して外部電源から供給された交流電圧を直流に変換し、バッテリ6に供給してバッテリ6の充電を可能としている。
コントロールユニット22(発電開始判定部、発電制御部)は、CPU(中央演算装置)、記憶装置(ROM、RAM)及び入出力インターフェース等を備えており、燃料残量検出器20から燃料タンク9の燃料残量、バッテリモニタリングユニット21からバッテリ6の充電率、及び車両1のアクセル操作量、エアコン等の車載機器の作動情報等のその他車両運転情報を入力し、インバータ11を介して電気モータ3の作動制御を行うとともに、DC-DCコンバータ10を介して燃料電池8の出力制御を行う。
Pf=α×(SOCt-SOC)・・・(1)
SOCt=SOCb+(SOCa-SOCb)×{(Qf-Qfb)/(Qfa-Qfb)}・・・(2)
図2では、バッテリ6の充電率SOCが100%でありかつ燃料残量が100%に近い値Qfaである状態から車両1を走行開始して可能な限り走行するまでの、(A)バッテリ6の充電率SOC、(B)燃料残量Qf、(C)燃料電池8の発電出力Pfの推移を示している。図2中において、実線が上記式(1)及び(2)を用いて発電出力Pfを設定する本実施形態であり、破線は比較例における推移を示している。また、図2(A)における二点鎖線は、本実施形態において設定される目標充電率SOCtの推移を示している。
一方、本実施形態では、上記のように、バッテリ6の充電率SOCが到達目標充電率SOCbまで低下しなくとも、車両1が高出力・高速走行状態となって車両消費電力が所定時間Ta以上継続して閾値Vaを超えた場合には、発電開始判定され燃料電池8の発電が開始される。したがって、高出力・高速走行状態において、比較例よりも早期に発電が開始される。このように早期に発電を開始することで、燃料電池8の出力を抑えることができ、車両消費電力に対する不足分はバッテリ6からの出力で補われる。
目標充電率SOCtは、燃料残量Qfの減少とともに徐々に低下し、燃料残量Qfが到達目標燃料残量Qfbに達することと同時期に到達目標充電率SOCbに達するように制御されるので、実際のバッテリ6の充電率SOCも目標充電率SOCtに合わせて略同時期に到達目標充電率SOCbに達する。したがって、バッテリ6の充電率が100%であり燃料残量が開始時燃料残量Qfaの状態から、充電率SOCa及び燃料残量Qfbになるまで車両1が走行する距離が最大走行可能な航続距離となる。そして本実施形態では、燃料残量Qfが到達目標燃料残量Qfbに達するまで燃料電池8から出力することになり、目標充電率SOCtを燃料残量Qfの減少とともに徐々に低下させることで、発電開始から走行終了まで発電時間を確保し、燃料電池8の出力を抑えることが可能となる。
以上のように、本実施形態では、高出力・高速走行状態では、充電開始時期を早め、かつ燃料残量Qfが到達目標燃料残量Qfbに到達するまで燃料残量Qfの減少に伴って目標充電率SOCtを低下させることで、発電時間を確保して燃料電池8の出力を一定に抑えることができる。燃料電池8は、一般的に出力が増加するに伴って効率が低下するので、燃料電池8の出力が抑えられることで、燃料電池8の効率が向上する。また、車両消費電力の変動に対しても燃料電池8の出力の変動が抑えられるので、この点でも燃料電池8の効率を向上させることができる。
なお、低出力・低速走行状態では、早期に発電開始判定されず、比較例と同様にバッテリ6の充電率SOCが到達目標充電率SOCbに達してから発電開始するが、低出力・低速走行状態であることから電気モータ3の消費電力が少ないので、燃料電池8を高出力にする必要がなく、したがって燃料電池8の効率低下は抑えられる。
以上で発明の実施形態の説明を終えるが、発明の形態は本実施形態に限定されるものではない。
3 電気モータ
6 バッテリ
8 燃料電池(発電ユニット)
20 燃料残量検出器(燃料残量検出部)
21 バッテリモニタリングユニット(充電率検出部)
22 コントロールユニット(発電開始判定部、発電制御部)
Claims (5)
- 燃料を消費して発電する発電ユニット及びバッテリから走行駆動用の電気モータに電力を供給する車両の電力制御装置であって、
前記発電ユニットの燃料残量を検出する燃料残量検出部と、
前記発電ユニットの発電開始判定をする発電開始判定部と、
前記発電ユニットの発電出力を制御する発電制御部と、を備え、
前記発電制御部は、前記発電開始判定されてから前記燃料残量が減少するに伴って減少するように前記バッテリの目標充電率を設定し、前記目標充電率に基づいて前記発電出力を制御することを特徴とする車両の電力制御装置。 - 前記発電開始判定部は、前記バッテリから供給される電力に基づいて車速相当値を演算し、当該車速相当値が所定の閾値を超えた際に前記発電開始判定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両の電力制御装置。
- 前記発電開始判定部は、前記バッテリから供給される電力を平滑化して前記車速相当値を演算することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両の電力制御装置。
- 前記バッテリの現在の充電率を検出する充電率検出部を備え、
前記発電制御部は、前記目標充電率と前記現在の充電率との差に基づいて前記発電出力を制御することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の車両の電力制御装置。 - 前記発電ユニットは、燃料電池であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の車両の電力制御装置。
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| CN201580063644.8A CN107000603B (zh) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | 车辆的电力控制装置 |
| PCT/JP2015/058559 WO2016151695A1 (ja) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | 車両の電力制御装置 |
| JP2017507161A JP6270009B2 (ja) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | 車両の電力制御装置 |
| DE112015006342.0T DE112015006342T5 (de) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-03-20 | Energiesteuerungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug |
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| JP2018201271A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | スズキ株式会社 | 車両の発電制御装置 |
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| JP2021099945A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP2021100339A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
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- 2015-03-20 WO PCT/JP2015/058559 patent/WO2016151695A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JP2018201271A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | スズキ株式会社 | 車両の発電制御装置 |
| CN110154790A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-08-23 | 民航协发机场设备有限公司 | 车辆供电系统、车辆供电系统的控制方法及车辆 |
| JP2021099945A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP2021100339A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP2021099932A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP7226298B2 (ja) | 2019-12-23 | 2023-02-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP7226299B2 (ja) | 2019-12-23 | 2023-02-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
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| JP7363463B2 (ja) | 2019-12-23 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10457160B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
| JPWO2016151695A1 (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
| JP6270009B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
| US20170203669A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
| CN107000603B (zh) | 2019-06-11 |
| CN107000603A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| DE112015006342T5 (de) | 2017-11-30 |
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