WO2016143559A1 - 立体造形用インク組成物、インクセットおよび立体造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
立体造形用インク組成物、インクセットおよび立体造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016143559A1 WO2016143559A1 PCT/JP2016/055878 JP2016055878W WO2016143559A1 WO 2016143559 A1 WO2016143559 A1 WO 2016143559A1 JP 2016055878 W JP2016055878 W JP 2016055878W WO 2016143559 A1 WO2016143559 A1 WO 2016143559A1
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FGWRVVZMNXRWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCO1 FGWRVVZMNXRWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEUIEHHLVZUGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCO1 FEUIEHHLVZUGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound C=CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDXZRBLOGJXGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxycyclohexane Chemical compound C=CCOC1CCCCC1 CDXZRBLOGJXGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFUASNAHBMBJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-one Chemical compound CC[C]=O UFUASNAHBMBJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MTAHZRMCRJONNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trityl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC(=O)C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTAHZRMCRJONNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
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- C08F20/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F20/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D11/107—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/40—Ink-sets specially adapted for multi-colour inkjet printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ink composition for three-dimensional modeling, an ink set, and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional model using a photocurable three-dimensional model ink composition a method of laminating a hardened layer formed by irradiating the liquid surface of a liquid three-dimensional model ink composition with an actinic ray (hereinafter referred to as a three-dimensional model ink) , Simply “SLA method” (SLA is also an abbreviation of “Stereolithography Apparatus”), and the ink composition for three-dimensional modeling is landed on the base material from the nozzle of the inkjet head, and the landed ink composition for landing is active.
- SLA method SLA is also an abbreviation of “Stereolithography Apparatus”
- a method of laminating a cured layer formed by irradiating light (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “inkjet method”) is widely known. Since the three-dimensional model is relatively easy to manufacture, it can be used as a prototype for confirming the shape or properties of the final product.
- Patent Document 1 since the three-dimensional modeling ink composition for SLA method containing a cationic polymerizable monomer and a specific polymer exhibits a phase-separated structure when cured, this ink composition It is described that the manufactured three-dimensional structure has high tensile strength and impact resistance.
- the actinic light irradiated on the liquid surface is diffused, and the actinic light is not uniformly irradiated on the entire three-dimensional ink composition, and the ink composition contains it.
- Monomers may polymerize unevenly. Therefore, even when a three-dimensional object is manufactured by the SLA method using the ink composition for three-dimensional object described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the particle size and distribution of the domain derived from the polymer phase-separated from the monomer are not good. It tends to be uniform, and the manufactured three-dimensional structure cannot be sufficiently improved in tensile strength and impact resistance.
- the ink jet method irradiates light only on the fine droplets of the landed ink composition, so that the influence of light diffusion is small and a phase separation structure is formed in units of droplets. Therefore, according to the inkjet method, it is considered that it is easy to make the particle size and distribution of the domain derived from the polymer of the three-dimensional modeled object uniform, and a three-dimensional modeled object with sufficiently improved tensile strength and impact resistance can be manufactured.
- the viscosity of the ink composition is increased, so that the ejectability from the inkjet head is low, and a sufficient amount of the ink composition may not be ejected at high speed.
- the three-dimensional modeling ink used in the SLA method is prepared so as to have a high viscosity in order to suppress fluctuation of the liquid surface during irradiation with actinic rays. Therefore, the ink composition used in the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 has a high viscosity and is not suitable for ejection from an inkjet head.
- the viscosity of the ink composition for three-dimensional modeling is high, the polymer-derived domain phase-separated from the monomer is unlikely to be aggregated. It does not increase, and the tensile strength and impact resistance are difficult to increase.
- the present invention provides a three-dimensional modeling ink composition that can produce a three-dimensional modeling object having a low viscosity and a high dischargeability by an inkjet method, and having a higher tensile strength and impact resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a product, an ink set including such an ink composition, and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure using such an ink composition.
- the first of the present invention relates to the following three-dimensional ink composition.
- An ink composition for three-dimensional modeling by an inkjet method A polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 80,000, A photopolymerizable monomer containing a monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization; A photopolymerization initiator, The difference between the solubility parameter of the photopolymerizable monomer and the solubility parameter of the polymer is 0.30 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or more and 2.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less.
- the photopolymerizable monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by the polymerization is a compound represented by the following formula (1), for three-dimensional modeling according to [1] Ink composition.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the second of the present invention relates to the following ink set.
- An ink set for three-dimensional modeling by an ink jet method comprising the three-dimensional modeling ink composition according to any one of [1] to [7] and an ink composition for forming a support region.
- 3rd of this invention is related with the method of manufacturing the following three-dimensional molded item.
- the ink composition for three-dimensional modeling according to any one of [1] to [7] is discharged to form a first ink layer region, Irradiating the formed first ink layer region with actinic rays to form a model material layer region;
- a manufacturing method of a three-dimensional modeled object which manufactures a three-dimensional modeled object by repeating formation of the 1st ink layer field and formation of the model material layer field, and laminating a plurality of model material layer fields.
- a second ink composition is ejected from a nozzle of the second inkjet head to form a second ink layer region, Forming the support material layer region by solidifying the formed second ink layer region; Repeating the formation of the second ink layer region and the formation of the support material layer region to stack a plurality of the support material layer regions; The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional molded item as described in [9].
- a three-dimensional modeling ink composition that can produce a three-dimensional modeled article having a low viscosity and a high ejection property by the ink jet method, and having a higher tensile strength and impact resistance, such as
- an ink set including an ink composition, and a method for producing a three-dimensional structure using such an ink composition.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure
- FIG. 1A is a side view illustrating a state in which a first layer is formed
- FIG. 1B illustrates a state in which a second layer is formed
- FIG. 1C is a side view illustrating a state in which a third layer of a three-dimensional structure is formed
- FIG. 1D is a side view illustrating a state in which a three-dimensional structure with a support material is formed.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second three-dimensional structure manufactured in the example.
- the three-dimensional modeling ink composition of the present embodiment is a photocurable ink composition for three-dimensional modeling by an inkjet method (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “model material ink”).
- the model material ink contains a photopolymerizable monomer, a polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the “model material” means a material that constitutes a target modeled object. Further, as will be described later, a material that is temporarily used to support the model material in the process of obtaining a target modeled object is referred to as a “support material”.
- Photopolymerizable monomer is a monomer having a photopolymerizable group that is polymerized by irradiation with actinic rays. When the photopolymerizable monomer is irradiated with actinic rays, the photopolymerizable monomer is polymerized and cross-linked while being phase-separated from a polymer to be described later, thereby forming a model material constituting a three-dimensional structure.
- the photopolymerizable monomer may be a single monomer or a combination of types of monomers.
- the photopolymerizable group includes a radical polymerizable functional group having an ethylenic double bond and a cationic polymerizable functional group.
- radical polymerizable functional groups include ethylene, propenyl, butenyl, vinylphenyl, (meth) acryloyl, allyl ether, vinyl ether, maleyl, maleimide, (meth) acrylamide, acetyl Vinyl groups and vinylamide groups are included.
- the cationic polymerizable functional group include an epoxy group, an oxetane group, a furyl group, and a vinyl ether group.
- (Meth) acryloyl means both and / or “acryloyl” and “methacryloyl”
- (meth) acryl means both and / or “acryl” and “methacryl”
- ( “Meth) acrylate” means “acrylate” and / or “methacrylate”.
- the radical polymerizable photopolymerizable group is preferably a (meth) acryloyl group, an allyl ether group, a vinyl ether group or a maleimide group, and a (meth) acryloyl group or A vinyl ether group is more preferable, and a (meth) acryloyl group is more preferable.
- the cationically polymerizable photopolymerizable group is preferably a vinyl ether group, an epoxy group or an oxetane group, and more preferably a vinyl ether group or an oxetane group.
- the photopolymerizable group is most preferably a (meth) acryloyl group from the viewpoint of further increasing the reactivity and expanding the range of monomer selection.
- Photopolymerizable monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization The photopolymerizable monomer includes a photopolymerizable monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization. This monomer forms a non-aromatic ring structure in the main chain when polymerized. Since this ring structure is non-aromatic, it deforms flexibly in response to external stress, and disperses and absorbs stress or impact in the tensile direction applied to the main chain from the outside.
- a model material formed from a model material ink containing such a photopolymerizable monomer is less likely to break the main chain and has higher tensile strength and impact resistance.
- the photopolymerizable monomer that can form a ring structure in the main chain during polymerization may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the photopolymerizable monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization is 30% by mass to 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the model material ink. % Or less is preferable.
- the content of the photopolymerizable monomer capable of forming a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization is more preferably 40% by mass to 70% by mass with respect to the total mass of the model material ink. More preferably, it is 45 mass% or more and 60 mass% or less.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer that can form a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization include a compound having a structure represented by the formula (1).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 30 or less carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon group preferably has 20 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 or less.
- the hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched, may contain a double bond, may contain a ring structure such as an alicyclic ring and an aromatic ring, and has an ether group or a cyclic ether structure. These structures may be combined.
- the hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom or a substituent such as an amino group or a carboxyl group. Halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) include ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) acrylic acid, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) methyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) ethyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyl) Oxymethyl) n-propyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) isopropyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) n-butyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) sec-butyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyl) Oxymethyl) tert-butyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) acrylate n-amyl, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) acrylate sec-amyl, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) tert-amyl acrylate, ⁇ - (Allyloxymethyl) neopentyl acrylate, ⁇ - (allyloxymethyl) n-hexyl acrylate, ⁇ -
- Photopolymerizable monomer is a photopolymerization other than the above in a range where the above-described tensile strength and impact resistance can be ensured and viscosity can be obtained from a discharge port. May contain a functional monomer.
- One type of photopolymerizable monomer other than the above may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- photopolymerizable monomers other than those described above include (meth) acrylates that cannot form a ring structure in the main chain by polymerization.
- Examples of such (meth) acrylates include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, Isoamyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, isononyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, tridecyl (meth) acrylate, isomyristyl (Meth) acrylate, isostearyl (meth) acrylate, n-stearyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxyethyl
- the other photopolymerizable monomer may be a monomer having a pseudo-crosslinking group (hereinafter also simply referred to as “pseudo-crosslinking monomer”).
- the pseudo-crosslinking group is a functional group capable of forming a pseudo-crosslink having a bond energy of 1 kJmol ⁇ 1 or more and less than 100 kJmol ⁇ 1 , or a hydroxyl group or an amide group capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a ⁇ - ⁇ interaction. Or it means an aromatic group.
- the hydroxyl group means a functional group having a monovalent —OH structure.
- a hydroxyl group examples include a carboxylic acid group and a sulfonic acid group in addition to a functional group consisting of only an —OH structure.
- an amide group means a functional group having a trivalent —CO—N ⁇ structure. Examples of such amide groups also include urea groups and urethane groups. Only one type of pseudo-crosslinking monomer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- linear polymers obtained by polymerizing the photopolymerizable monomer are non-covalently bonded to each other.
- This pseudo-crosslinked structure by non-covalent bond increases the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure by connecting linear polymers.
- the linear polymer since the linear polymer is assembled with a relatively weak force compared to the chemical crosslinking by the covalent bond, the movement of the linear polymer is less likely to be restricted than the chemical crosslinking. The polymer can expand and contract more freely according to the stress. In this way, the pseudo-crosslinking point is considered to increase the impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure and to have sufficient tensile strength.
- pseudo-crosslinking groups have a higher polarity than other parts of the photopolymerizable monomer, they are easily discharged on the surface of each layer when the three-dimensional modeling ink layer is cured.
- the pseudo-crosslinking group excreted on the surface can increase the strength between the layers of the three-dimensional structure by forming the pseudo-crosslinking group and the pseudo-crosslinking point of the next layer. It is considered possible.
- the content of the pseudo-crosslinking monomer with respect to the total mass of the photopolymerizable monomer is preferably 5% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and 10% by mass. It is more preferably 60% by mass or less, and further preferably 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- photopolymerizable monomers having a functional group consisting only of —OH structure examples include 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A EO adduct bis (meth) Acrylate, bisphenol A PO adduct bis (meth) acrylate hydrogenated bisphenol A EO adduct bis (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A PO adduct di (meth) acrylate and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol monoacrylate It is.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer having a carboxylic acid group include 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinate.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group include 2- (meth) acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, p-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid and vinylsulfonic acid.
- photopolymerizable monomers having an amide group examples include N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N -Butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-hexyl (meth) acrylamide, aminomethyl (meth) acrylamide, aminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, mercaptomethyl (meth) acrylamide, mercaptoethyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (meth) acryloyl Morpholine, N- (meth) acryloylpiperidine, N- (meth) acryloylpyrrolidine, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, diacetone (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminopropi (Meth) acrylamide, including (me
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer having an aromatic group include benzyl (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (Meth) acryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl-2-hydroxyethyl-phthalic acid, t-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, Bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, EO adduct of bisphenol A bis (meth) acrylate, PO adduct of bisphenol A bis (meth) acrylate hydrogenated bisphenol A EO adduct bis (meth) acrylate, phenyl allyl ether, o - m
- the other photopolymerizable monomer may be a polyfunctional photopolymerizable monomer (hereinafter also simply referred to as “polyfunctional monomer”).
- polyfunctional monomer When the polyfunctional monomers are covalently bonded to each other and chemically cross-linked, the linear polymer formed by polymerization of the photopolymerizable monomer is more firmly bound, and the tensile strength of the three-dimensional structure can be further increased.
- the polyfunctional monomer means a monomer having two or more radical polymerizable functional groups and cationic polymerizable functional groups in the molecule.
- the polyfunctional monomer preferably has two or more radical polymerizable functional groups or two or more cationic polymerizable functional groups in the molecule. Only one type of polyfunctional monomer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the polyfunctional monomer with respect to the mass of the entire photopolymerizable monomer is more than 0% by mass from the viewpoint of sufficient tensile strength of the three-dimensional structure. It is preferable that it is 30 mass% or less. By making content of the said polyfunctional monomer into 30 mass% or less, it can make it harder to produce hardening shrinkage of the three-dimensional molded item by many chemical crosslinks existing. From the above viewpoint, the content of the polyfunctional monomer is preferably more than 0% by mass and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably more than 0% by mass and 10% by mass or less.
- the model material ink does not substantially contain a polyfunctional monomer. “Substantially not contained” means that the content of the polyfunctional monomer with respect to the total mass of the photopolymerizable monomer is 0.1% by mass or less. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the content of the polyfunctional monomer depending on the use of the three-dimensional structure to be manufactured and the required characteristics.
- polyfunctional monomers examples include polyfunctional (meth) acrylates.
- polyfunctional (meth) acrylates include triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (Meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, Dimethylol-tricyclodecane di (meth) acrylate, PO adduct di (meth) acrylate of bisphenol A, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate hydroxypivalate and polytetramethylene glycol di (meth) Bifunctional (meth) acrylates including acrylates, as well as trimethylo
- Photopolymerizable monomer having a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon structure contains a photopolymerizable monomer having a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon structure (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cyclic hydrocarbon monomer”). Also good.
- non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon structures include an alicyclic structure in which the cyclic structure is composed only of carbon and hydrogen, and the cyclic structure is composed of carbon and other atoms. And a spiro ring structure in which a plurality of the cyclic structures share one atom.
- the photopolymerizable monomer contains a cyclic hydrocarbon monomer
- the movement of the linear polymer is hindered by steric hindrance such as alicyclic, so that the impact resistance, heat resistance and water resistance of the three-dimensional model can be further improved. it can. Therefore, deformation of the three-dimensional structure by the absorbed water is unlikely to occur, and deformation of the three-dimensional structure after manufacture can be further reduced.
- One type of cyclic hydrocarbon monomer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the cyclic hydrocarbon monomer with respect to the mass of the entire photopolymerizable monomer is preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and preferably 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass. % Or less is more preferable, and 10 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- cyclic hydrocarbon monomers include cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth) acrylate, 4-acryloylmorpholine, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate 1.4-cyclohexanedimethanol mono (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl allyl ether, cyclohexane methanol monoallyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl maleimide, adamantyl vinyl ether, 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,4-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2 -Epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane and norbornene oxide are included.
- Polymer A polymer is a molecule having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or more and 80000 or less, in which one or more constituent parts including carbon are repeatedly arranged.
- the polymer can increase the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure to be formed. Only one type of polymer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is 5,000 or more, the photopolymerizable monomer and the polymer are sufficiently phase-separated, so that the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure are higher.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is 80,000 or less, the viscosity of the model material ink does not increase excessively, so that the ink can be sufficiently emitted from the nozzles of the inkjet head.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 6000 or more and 70000 or less, and more preferably 7000 or more and 30000 or less.
- the content of the polymer in the model material ink may be in the range where the phase separation occurs, and can be, for example, 1% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the model material ink.
- the polymer content is more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the polymer content is more preferably 35% by mass or less.
- the polymer content is more preferably 10% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
- the elastic value of the three-dimensional object was measured using ARES-G2, manufactured by T.A. Instruments (viscoelasticity measuring device), and two graphs of tan ⁇ representing the ratio of storage elastic modulus to loss elastic modulus When a peak (inflection point) is seen, it can be determined that phase separation between the photopolymerizable monomer and the polymer occurs in the manufactured three-dimensional structure.
- the difference between the solubility parameter of the polymer (hereinafter also simply referred to as “SP value”) and the SP value of the photopolymerizable monomer is 0.30 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or more and 2.0 (cal / Cm 3 ) 1/2 or less.
- SP value of the polymer is the SP value of the whole polymer
- model material ink contains a combination of two or more photopolymerizable monomers.
- the SP value of the photopolymerizable monomer is the SP value of the entire photopolymerizable monomer.
- the difference in SP value is 0.30 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or more
- the polymer and the photopolymerizable monomer are not compatible with each other.
- a separation structure is formed, and the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure are increased.
- the difference in SP value is 2.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less
- the polymer and the photopolymerizable monomer are not separated too much, and fine particles of the polymer are contained in the photopolymerizable monomer. Since the dotted sea-island structure is formed, the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure are increased.
- the difference in SP value is preferably 0.30 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or more and 1.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less, and 0.30 (cal / cm 3 ). 3 ) More preferably, it is 1 ⁇ 2 or more and 1.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 ⁇ 2 or less.
- the SP value of the photopolymerizable monomer and polymer is calculated by the Bicerano method in which the value is estimated by a regression equation obtained by statistically analyzing the correlation between the molecular structure and the physical property value of the polymer material.
- the software “Scigress Version 2.6” manufactured by Fujitsu Limited
- the value calculated by the Bicerano method is adopted by substituting the structure of each compound.
- the SP value of the whole polymer is obtained by substituting the volume fraction ⁇ k and SP value ⁇ k of each of the n polymers into the formula (2), and copolymerizing the polymer
- the SP value of the copolymer obtained is adopted.
- the SP value of the entire photopolymerizable monomer is obtained by substituting the volume fraction ⁇ k and SP value ⁇ k of each photopolymerizable monomer into the equation (2).
- the SP value of a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a photopolymerizable monomer is employed.
- the photopolymerizable group that the polymer may have include the photopolymerizable groups exemplified above. From the viewpoint of preventing the polymer from being compatible with the photopolymerizable monomer by acting as a crosslinking agent, the polymer may have 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a photopolymerizable group per mole of polymer. Preferably, it has a photopolymerizable group of 1 to 4 molar equivalents. Only one type of polymer having a photopolymerizable group may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the polymer having a photopolymerizable group is preferably 2% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 25 mass% or less.
- the photopolymerizable group is preferably present at the end of the polymer.
- a photopolymerizable group can be imparted to the end of the polymer by using a compound having a site that reacts with the polymer and a photopolymerizable group as a reaction terminator.
- the polymer has a photopolymerizable group of 2 molar equivalents or more per 1 mol of the polymer, and the photopolymerizable compound contains the polyfunctional monomer. With such a combination, it is considered that the tensile strength is further improved because more cross-linked portions are generated in the sticky polymer domain.
- the molar equivalent of the photopolymerizable group possessed by the polymer can be determined by dividing the amount of the photopolymerizable group possessed by the polymer in the three-dimensional structure by the weight average molecular weight of the polymer.
- the amount of photopolymerizable groups can be estimated using conventional analytical methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mass spectrometry (MS). .
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer can be measured by performing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a column with o-dichlorobenzene as the solvent and substituting the obtained value into a calibration curve of polystyrene.
- the amount of the photopolymerizable group and the weight average molecular weight of the polymer in the already produced three-dimensional structure are determined by analyzing a three-dimensional structure sample by a usual analysis method including NMR, FT-IR, and MS. Can be specified.
- a polymer having a component compatible with a photopolymerizable monomer and an incompatible component A polymer having a component compatible with a photopolymerizable monomer and an incompatible component in the molecule
- the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure can be further increased, and the viscosity of the model material ink can be further reduced to a range suitable for inkjet discharge. This is considered to be due to the following reason. That is, when a model material ink containing such a polymer is irradiated with actinic rays, a phase separation structure is generated by a component incompatible with the photopolymerizable monomer, while a component that can be compatible with the photopolymerizable monomer.
- phase separation structure tends to become finer.
- the stress or impact in the tensile direction is further finely dispersed, so that stress or impact is less likely to concentrate only on a specific part of the three-dimensional structure, so that the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure are reduced.
- sexuality increases.
- the polymer has a portion that can be compatible with the photopolymerizable monomer in the molecule, the polymer and the photopolymerizable monomer are appropriately compatible, and the viscosity of the model material ink becomes lower.
- the said polymer may be only 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- constituent parts that are compatible with the photopolymerizable monomer include urethane bonds, urea bonds, acrylate groups, carbonate groups, ester groups, and ether groups.
- the polymer is composed of a urethane bond, a carbonate group, an ester group, and an ether group. It is preferable to have.
- the polymer preferably has a urethane bond from the viewpoint of lowering the Tg of the polymer and increasing the difference from the Tg of the photopolymerizable monomer to facilitate the generation of crazing, thereby further improving impact resistance.
- constituent parts that are incompatible with the photopolymerizable monomer include hydrocarbon groups having 4 or more carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched and may contain a double structure. From the viewpoint of increasing the impact resistance by lowering the Tg of the polymer to increase the difference from the Tg of the photopolymerizable monomer and facilitating the generation of crazing, the polymer is a double bond having 4 or more carbon atoms. It preferably has a hydrocarbon group consisting of a straight chain hydrocarbon containing.
- the polymer is a urethane polymer having a plurality of urethane bonds, and preferably has a carbonate group.
- the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure can be further increased by using a urethane polymer and a compound having a structure represented by the formula (1) in combination.
- the ring structure of the main chain obtained by polymerizing the compound having the structure represented by formula (1) has polarity because it contains an oxygen atom. It is considered that the tensile strength and impact resistance of the three-dimensional structure are further increased because the interface between the sea-island structure is strengthened by the interaction between the polar ring structure and the polar urethane bond.
- Photopolymerization initiator is a photoradical initiator when the photopolymerizable monomer is a compound having a radically polymerizable functional group, and the photopolymerizable monomer has a cationically polymerizable functional group. When it is a compound having a photoacid generator. Only one type of photopolymerization initiator may be used, or two or more types may be combined, or a combination of both a photo radical initiator and a photo acid generator may be used.
- the photo radical initiator includes a cleavage type radical initiator and a hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator.
- the model material ink preferably includes at least a cleavage type photopolymerization initiator. That is, the model material ink may contain both a cleavage type and a hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiator, or may contain only a cleavage type photopolymerization initiator.
- the mass of the cleavage type is preferably larger than the mass of the hydrogen abstraction type.
- the ratio of the hydrogen abstraction type initiator contained in the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the curing speed of the model material ink increases.
- the photopolymerization initiator of the cleavage type radical initiator and the hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator coexist, the polymerization initiator of the hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator functions as a sensitizer. It is considered that the polymerization rate is improved.
- the model material ink does not substantially contain a hydrogen abstraction type photoradical initiator
- the tensile strength of the three-dimensional structure tends to be high.
- the reason for this is not clear, but can be considered as follows.
- irregular crosslinking may occur. If there is irregular cross-linking in the three-dimensional structure, stress concentrates on a specific part in the composition when the cured product is stretched, and the three-dimensional structure does not stretch sufficiently and yields.
- the model material ink does not substantially contain a hydrogen abstraction-type photoradical initiator, the above-mentioned graft polymerization hardly occurs, so that the tensile strength tends to increase.
- the model material ink contains both the cleavage type radical initiator and the hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator.
- the hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator when importance is attached to the durability of the three-dimensional structure, it is preferable not to contain a hydrogen abstraction type radical initiator substantially.
- cleavage type radical initiators include diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, benzyldimethyl ketal, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2- Methylpropan-1-one, 4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl- (2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-methyl-2-morpholino (4-thiomethylphenyl)
- hydrogen abstraction type radical initiators examples include benzophenones including benzophenone and N, N-diethylbenzophenone, thioxanthones including 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, isopropylthioxanthone, chlorothioxanthone and isopropoxychlorothioxanthone, ethyl anthraquinone, benz Anthraquinones including anthraquinone, aminoanthraquinone and chloroanthraquinone, and acridines including 9-phenylacridine and 1,7-bis (9,9'-acridinyl) heptane are included.
- Examples of the photoacid generator include known sulfonium salts, ammonium salts, diaryliodonium salts, and triarylsulfonium salts. Specifically, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt, iodonium (4-methylphenyl) (4- (2-methylpropyl) phenyl) hexafluorophosphate, triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, 3-methyl-2-butyl Tenenyltetramethylenesulfonium hexafluoroantimonate is included.
- photoacid generators examples include UVI-6990, Bayer, Uvacure1591, Daicel Ornex ("Uvacure1591” is a registered trademark of Ornex), CGI-552 and Ir250, BASF, SP- 150, SP-152, SP-170, SP-172 and CP-77, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., and CPI-100P, CPI-101A, CPI-200K and CPI-210S, manufactured by San Apro.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total mass of the model material ink, although it depends on the type of actinic ray or actinic ray curable compound.
- the model material ink has other components including a sensitizer, a photopolymerization initiator auxiliary agent, a polymerization inhibitor, and a release accelerator as long as the above-described tensile strength, impact resistance, and dischargeability are sufficiently obtained. May further be included. These components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the sensitizer include those that exhibit a sensitizing function with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more.
- Examples of such sensitizers include anthracene including 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene, 9,10-diethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dipropoxyanthracene and 9,10-bis (2-ethylhexyloxy) anthracene. Derivatives are included.
- Examples of commercially available sensitizers include DBA and DEA, manufactured by Kawasaki Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- photopolymerization initiator auxiliaries include aromatic tertiary amine compounds and other tertiary amine compounds.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds include N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-diethylaniline, N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, N, N-dimethylamino-p-benzoic acid ethyl ester, N, N-dimethylamino-p-benzoic acid isoamyl ethyl ester, N, N-dihydroxyethylaniline, triethylamine and N, N-dimethylhexylamine are included.
- polymerization inhibitors include (alkyl) phenol, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcin, p-methoxyphenol, t-butylcatechol, t-butylhydroquinone, pyrogallol, 1,1-picrylhydrazyl, phenothiazine, p-benzoquinone , Nitrosobenzene, 2,5-di-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone, dithiobenzoyl disulfide, picric acid, cuperone, aluminum N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine, tri-p-nitrophenylmethyl, N- (3-oxyanilino- 1,3-dimethylbutylidene) aniline oxide, dibutylcresol, cyclohexanone oxime cresol, guaiacol, o-isopropylphenol, butyraloxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime and cyclohexanone oxime
- the peeling accelerator is a model material layer that is being manufactured by a support material layer obtained by curing an ink composition for forming a support region (hereinafter also simply referred to as “support material ink”) in three-dimensional modeling by an inkjet method.
- support material ink an ink composition for forming a support region
- release accelerators include higher surfactants including silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants and stearyl sebacate.
- the peeling accelerator is preferably a silicone surfactant.
- the content of the peeling accelerator is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the ink.
- the peelability of a base material and a three-dimensional molded item can be improved more.
- the content of the peeling accelerator By setting the content of the peeling accelerator to 3.0% by mass or less, it is possible to make it difficult to cause distortion of the shape of the three-dimensional modeled object due to coalescence of the droplets of the model material ink before curing.
- the model material ink and the support material ink described above can be combined into an ink set.
- the ink set may be in any form that can be used to package and sell the model material ink and the support material ink and form one three-dimensional model.
- the model material ink and the support material ink may be individually stored in a plurality of ink cartridges, or the plurality of ink storage portions may be integrally configured so that each of the ink storage portions includes the model material ink and the ink.
- An ink cartridge containing support material ink may be used.
- Support material ink From the viewpoint of easy removal, the support material ink is solidified depending on the temperature and the solid is thermally melted, or is photocurable and the cured product is water-soluble or water-swellable Is preferred.
- Examples of the support material that solidifies depending on the temperature and the solid is melted by heat include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, ester wax, amide wax, and waxes including PEG 20000.
- Examples of a support material that is photocurable and whose cured product is water-soluble or water-swellable includes a water-soluble compound having a photopolymerizable functional group, a cleavage type radical initiator, and a photocurable resin composition mainly composed of water. Things are included.
- the support material may further contain a water-soluble polymer.
- water-soluble compounds having a photopolymerizable functional group that can be contained in the support material ink include polyoxyethylene di (meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene di (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloylmorpholine, and hydroxyalkyl (meta Water-soluble (meth) acrylates including acrylates) and water-soluble (meth) acrylamides including (meth) acrylamides, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamides and N-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylamides.
- the cleavage type radical initiator contained in the support material include the compounds exemplified above.
- water-soluble polymers that can be included in the support material include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol.
- the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional modeled object of this embodiment uses the above-described model material ink to eject the model material ink from the nozzles of an inkjet head, as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D.
- Ink discharge, curing, lamination, and the like can be performed in the same manner as a known manufacturing method in which a three-dimensional object is formed by discharging a photocurable ink for three-dimensional modeling by an inkjet method.
- the ink layer refers to a layer formed by ejected model material ink and arbitrarily ejected support material ink.
- the model material layer region 100 which is each layer obtained by finely dividing the three-dimensional model to be manufactured into a thin piece is formed.
- FIGS. 1B to 1D a three-dimensionally shaped object is produced by stacking model material layers.
- a process of ejecting model material ink to form an ink layer including a portion of model material ink Model material ink is ejected to a predetermined position based on data of positions occupied by the model material in each layer of the three-dimensional object to be manufactured. As a result, a portion of the model material ink included in the ink layer is formed.
- the model material ink is ejected so as to land on the base material, the model material layer region that has already been irradiated with light, or the support material layer region that is arbitrarily formed.
- the portion of the model material ink included in each ink layer is cured by being irradiated with actinic rays in a later step, thereby forming a model material layer region.
- the amount of droplets per droplet of model material ink is preferably 1 pl or more and 70 pl or less. From the viewpoint of obtaining a three-dimensional object with higher resolution, the amount of droplets per droplet of model material ink is more preferably 2 pl or more and 50 pl or less.
- Step of creating a model material layer by irradiating a portion of the model material ink included in the formed ink layer with an actinic ray The discharged model material ink can be cured by irradiating with an actinic ray from a light source.
- actinic rays that can be used for curing the model material ink include ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
- the light source for irradiating ultraviolet rays include fluorescent tubes including a low-pressure mercury lamp and a germicidal lamp, cold cathode tubes, ultraviolet lasers, mercury lamps having an operating pressure within a range of 100 Pa to 1 MPa, metal halide lamps, and light emission A diode (LED) is included.
- the light source is preferably a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, and an LED that can irradiate ultraviolet rays having an illuminance of 100 mW / cm 2 or more, and among these, the power consumption is reduced. From the viewpoint, an LED is preferable. Specific examples of the LED include a 395 nm water-cooled LED, manufactured by Phoseon Technology.
- Examples of methods for generating an electron beam include a scanning method, a curtain beam method, and a broad beam method.
- the curtain beam method is preferable from the viewpoint of generating an electron beam more efficiently.
- Examples of the light source that can irradiate the electron beam include Curetron EBC-200-20-30, manufactured by Nisshin High Voltage Co., Ltd., and Min-EB manufactured by AIT.
- the acceleration voltage of electron beam irradiation is preferably 30 kV to 250 kV, more preferably 30 kV to 100 kV, from the viewpoint of sufficient curing.
- the electron beam irradiation amount is preferably 30 kGy or more and 100 kGy or less, and more preferably 30 kGy or more and 60 kGy or less.
- the irradiated model material ink is not completely cured but is in a semi-cured state. The strength may be set such that the cured model material ink is completely cured.
- the actinic ray is irradiated within 10 seconds after the droplets of the model material ink adhere to the recording medium. From the above viewpoint, the actinic ray is preferably irradiated for 0.001 second to 5 seconds after the ink droplet of the model material has landed, and for 0.01 second to 2 seconds. Is more preferable.
- the surface of the model material ink cured by irradiation with light may be flattened by a film thickness adjusting roller or the like.
- the second ink composition is applied from the nozzle of the second inkjet head.
- a step of discharging to form a second ink layer region may be included.
- the support material ink is ejected to a predetermined position on the basis of data of positions where it is desirable to arrange the support material in order to support the model material formed thereafter in each layer of the three-dimensional object to be manufactured. Thus, a second ink layer region that will be a support material layer region later is formed.
- the support material ink is then cured to form a support material layer (reference numeral 200 in FIG.
- the support material formed by laminating the support material layer fills the space portion of the three-dimensional structure being manufactured, and supports the model material layer being manufactured from the lower part in the gravity direction (see FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D).
- the support material can prevent the three-dimensional model being manufactured from collapsing due to gravity from a portion where the model material layer does not yet have sufficient strength.
- the support material layer region may be formed independently of the model material layer region. However, from the viewpoint of shortening the working time, it is preferable to simultaneously form the model material layer region and the support material layer region in the same ink layer. Specifically, the same ink layer is formed by discharging the model material ink and the support material ink simultaneously or successively. After the ink layer is formed or during the formation of the ink layer, the model material layer and the support material layer are formed by irradiating the formed ink layer with actinic rays. The next ink layer is formed by discharging the model material ink or the support material ink on the formed model material layer or the support material layer.
- a nozzle for the support material ink and a nozzle for the model material ink may be provided in the inkjet head so that the model material ink and the support material ink are ejected from the same inkjet head.
- the support material ink may be discharged from another ink jet head.
- the flow path is communicated from the storage section for storing each ink to another inkjet head, and the model material ink and the support material ink are ejected independently from the nozzles of the other inkjet head. It is preferable to do.
- Step of Removing Support Material Layer When the manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes the step of discharging the support material ink, the support material is removed after all the model material layer regions and the support material layer regions are formed.
- a support material that is hardened depending on temperature and the cured product is thermally meltable is used, for example, in an environment of 60 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower for 1 minute or more and 5 minutes or less, three-dimensional modeling with a support material The support material can be removed by holding the object.
- a support material that is photocurable and whose cured product is water-soluble or water-swellable is used, for example, it is 10 minutes to 60 minutes in water at -30 ° C. to + 30 ° C. below the Tg of the support material.
- the three-dimensional object with the support material is immersed, or the three-dimensional object with the support material is statically kept in an environment having a relative humidity of 50% to 90% and a temperature of 40 ° C. to 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to 60 minutes. By placing, the support material can be removed.
- model material ink 1-1 Preparation of model material ink 1-1.
- Monomer Composition Monomer compositions 1 to 10 were prepared by mixing the photopolymerizable monomers listed in Table 1 in amounts corresponding to the compositions listed in Table 2.
- a urethane polymer 14 having a weight average molecular weight of 13000 and a functional group equivalent of 0 was obtained in the same manner as the urethane polymer 0 except that the reaction terminator was ethanol.
- Urethane polymer 0 and urethane polymer 14 were mixed in an amount such that the molar ratio was 1: 1 to obtain urethane polymer 1 having a weight average molecular weight of 13000 and a functional group equivalent of 1.
- urethane polymers 2 to 8 Similar to urethane polymer 1 except that the reaction time in the preparation of urethane polymer 0 and urethane polymer 14 was adjusted so that the weight average molecular weight of the resulting polymer was as shown in Table 3. Thus, urethane polymers 2 to 8 were obtained.
- Urethane Polymer 9 The polycarbonate diol used for the preparation of urethane polymer 0 and urethane polymer 14 is made ETERNACOLL UH-300 having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., and the resulting polymer has a molecular weight of 16000.
- a urethane polymer 9 having a weight average molecular weight of 16000 and a functional group equivalent of 1 was obtained in the same manner as the urethane polymer 1 except that the reaction time was adjusted as described above.
- Urethane Polymer 10 Polycarbonate diol used for preparation of Urethane Polymer 0 and Urethane Polymer 14 is obtained by making Plaxel CD210 having a weight average molecular weight of about 1000, manufactured by Daicel Corporation ("Placcel" is a registered trademark of the company).
- Plaxel CD210 having a weight average molecular weight of about 1000, manufactured by Daicel Corporation ("Placcel" is a registered trademark of the company).
- a urethane polymer 10 having a weight average molecular weight of 9000 and a functional group equivalent of 1 was obtained in the same manner as the urethane polymer 1 except that the reaction time was adjusted so that the molecular weight of the polymer was 9000.
- Urethane Polymer 11 The polycarbonate diol used for the preparation of Urethane Polymer 0 and Urethane Polymer 14 is made into OD-X-102 having a weight average molecular weight of about 2000, manufactured by DIC Corporation, and the molecular weight of the resulting polymer is 11,000. A urethane polymer 11 having a weight average molecular weight of 11000 and a functional group equivalent of 1 was obtained in the same manner as the urethane polymer 1 except that the reaction time was adjusted as described above.
- Urethane Polymer 12 Polycarbonate diol used for the preparation of urethane polymer 0 was the same as urethane polymer 0 except that polypropylene glycol 4000, which is a polypropylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of about 4000, was manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. The urethane polymer 12 having a weight average molecular weight of 12000 and a functional group equivalent of 2 was obtained.
- Urethane Polymer 15 The polycarbonate diol used in preparing the urethane polymer 14 is OD-X-102 having a weight average molecular weight of about 2000, manufactured by DIC Corporation, and the resulting polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 13,000. A urethane polymer 15 having a weight average molecular weight of 13000 and a functional group equivalent of 0 was obtained in the same manner as the urethane polymer 14 except that the reaction time was adjusted as described above.
- urethane polymer 16 The same as urethane polymer 14 except that the polycarbonate diol used in preparing urethane polymer 14 was polypropylene glycol 4000, which is a polypropylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of about 4000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Thus, urethane polymer 16 having a weight average molecular weight of 13000 and a functional group equivalent of 0 was obtained.
- Urethane polymer 13 UN-7600, manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Isoprene rubber UC-102, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. (polyisoprene having a methacryloyl group in the side chain)
- Table 3 shows each polymer.
- the numerical value described in the “molecular weight” column is the weight average molecular weight of each polymer
- the numerical value described in the “functional group equivalent” column is the functional group equivalent of each polymer
- SP value The value described in the column “” is the SP value of each polymer.
- the SP value is a value estimated by the Bicerano method by substituting the structure of each compound into Scigress Version 2.6 installed in a commercially available personal computer.
- Model Material Ink The monomer composition shown in Table 2, the polymer shown in Table 3, and IRGACURE 819 which is a photopolymerization initiator (“BAGAC”, “IRGACURE” is a registered trademark of the company, hereinafter also simply referred to as “819”). Were dissolved in an amount according to the composition shown in Tables 4 to 6 with stirring while heating to 80 ° C. to prepare model material inks 1 to 34 and 38.
- BAGAC photopolymerization initiator
- the monomer composition 1 and the photopolymerization initiator were dissolved in an amount corresponding to the composition shown in Table 6 while stirring at 80 ° C. while stirring to prepare a model material ink 35.
- model material ink 37 A commercially available model material ink containing no ring-forming monomer (VeroWhite, manufactured by OBJET) was used as the model material ink 37.
- the numerical value described in the column of “SP value difference” is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the SP value of the polymer from the SP value of the monomer composition.
- Support Material Ink A support material ink was prepared by mixing and dissolving the following components in the following amounts. Octadecanol 60 parts by mass Hexadecanol 40 parts by mass
- the model material ink 1 is emitted from the first inkjet head, the support material ink is emitted from the second inkjet head and landed, and UV light is irradiated from the light source to be cured.
- a first layer including the material layer 100 and the support material layer 200 was formed.
- the first ink jet head, the second ink jet head and the light source are raised in the vertical direction, and the model material ink 1 and the support material ink are landed on the formed first layer and cured in the same manner. Were laminated. While changing the positions where the model material ink 1 and the support material ink are emitted as necessary, the same process is repeated until a predetermined thickness and shape are obtained, and the solid having the model material 110 having the predetermined shape with the support material 210 is obtained.
- a model 1 was manufactured.
- the first three-dimensional model has two rectangular parallelepipeds having dimensions of width 30 mm ⁇ height 30 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm, the same distance from the upper and lower ends along the height direction of each rectangular parallelepiped. Thus, it has a shape connected by a bridging portion of length 30 mm ⁇ height 5 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm.
- the head temperature at the time of ink ejection is set to “75 ° C.” when the ink viscosity exceeds 10 mPa ⁇ s even at 75 ° C., or “the temperature at which the ink viscosity is 10 mPa ⁇ s”. .
- the amount of one droplet when ejecting ink was 42 pl, and the frequency was 8 kHz.
- As the UV light source an LED of 395 nm was used, and each layer was set to a condition where light was irradiated for 1 second at an illuminance of 100 mW / cm 2 .
- the scanning speed of the head was set to 300 mm / sec.
- the first three-dimensional object 1 was obtained by placing the three-dimensional object 1 with the support material in an oven at 60 ° C. for 5 minutes and removing the support material 210.
- the first three-dimensional shaped objects 2 to 31, 33 to 35, 37 and 38 were obtained in the same manner except that the model material ink 1 was changed to the model material inks 2 to 31, 33 to 35, 37 and 38.
- the model material ink 32 and the model material ink 36 having a high viscosity the first three-dimensional object was not manufactured in order to prevent damage to the first inkjet head.
- second three-dimensional object 1-31, 33-35, 37 and 38 were produced in the same manner as first three-dimensional object 1 to 31, 33 to 35, 37 and 38. .
- the second three-dimensional object was not manufactured in order to prevent damage to the first inkjet head.
- the second three-dimensional object is a rectangular parallelepiped having dimensions of width 10 mm ⁇ height 110 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm, and the width of the opening at the same distance from the upper and lower ends along the height direction. It has a linear taper cut of 3 mm ⁇ 2 mm deep.
- Model material ink No. Nos. 1 to 13 and 15 to 30 have ink viscosities that allow a sufficient amount of ink to be ejected from the inkjet head at a high speed, and the three-dimensional model No. 1 manufactured using these model material inks. 1-13 and 15-30 also had high tensile strength and impact resistance.
- Model material ink No. having a polymer content of 5% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less.
- model material ink No. 1 having a photopolymerizable functional group with a polymer of 1 molar equivalent or more is used.
- the three-dimensional model manufactured using 1 to 6, 10 to 13, and 15 to 30 tended to have higher impact resistance (by comparison with the three-dimensional model No. 7 to 9).
- model material ink No. using urethane polymer as the polymer was also used.
- the three-dimensional model manufactured using the model material inks 1 to 13, 15, 17, 18, and 21 to 30 having a polymer molecular weight of 7000 or more and 30000 or less can achieve both high tensile strength and impact resistance. There was a tendency (by comparison with the three-dimensional model No. 16, 19 and 20).
- model material ink No. Three-dimensional model No. 37 manufactured using No. 37 No. 37 had low impact resistance.
- model material ink No. 1 containing no ring-forming monomer is used.
- Three-dimensional model No. 38 manufactured using No. 38. No. 38 had low tensile strength and impact resistance.
- model material ink No. having a difference between the SP value of the photopolymerizable monomer and the SP value of the polymer of less than 0.30 (cal / cm 2 ) 1/2
- Three-dimensional model No. 14 manufactured using 14 and 34 14 and 34, and the difference between the SP value of the photopolymerizable monomer and the SP value of the polymer is 2.0 (cal / cm 2 ) 1/2 or more .
- Three-dimensional model No. 33 manufactured using No. 33 No. 33 had low tensile strength and impact resistance.
- Model material ink No. whose molecular weight of the polymer is less than 5000 is also used.
- Three-dimensional model No. 31 manufactured using No. 31 No. 31 had low tensile strength and impact resistance.
- Three-dimensional model No. 32 manufactured using No. 32. No. 32 had a high viscosity and was not suitable for the production of a three-dimensional model by discharging from an inkjet head.
- model material ink No. containing no polymer Three-dimensional model No. 35 manufactured using No. 35. No. 35 had low tensile strength and impact resistance.
- model material ink No. Three-dimensional model No. 36 manufactured using No. 36. No. 36 had a high viscosity and was not suitable for the production of a three-dimensional model by discharging from an inkjet head.
- model material ink according to the present invention can produce a three-dimensional molded article having low viscosity and high tensile strength and impact resistance, it is possible to test a product that is loaded during the operation of a threaded part or a snap part. It can be preferably used for the production of works by the inkjet method.
- Model material layer 110 Model material 200 Support material layer 210 Support material
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Abstract
Description
[1]インクジェット法による立体造形用インク組成物であって、
重量平均分子量が5000以上80000以下のポリマーと、
重合することにより主鎖に環構造を形成し得るモノマーを含む光重合性モノマーと、
光重合開始剤と、を含み、
前記光重合性モノマーの溶解度パラメータと前記ポリマーの溶解度パラメータとの差は、0.30(cal/cm3)1/2以上2.0(cal/cm3)1/2以下であることを特徴とする、立体造形用インク組成物。
[2]前記重合することにより主鎖に環構造を形成し得る光重合性モノマーは、下記式(1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
[4]前記ポリマーは、ポリマー1モルあたり1モル当量以上の、光重合性の官能基を有することを特徴とする、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
[5]前記ポリマーの重量平均分子量は7000以上30000以下であることを特徴とする、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
[6]前記ポリマーは、前記光重合性モノマーと相溶し得る構成部分および非相溶な構成部分を含むことを特徴とする、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
[7]前記ポリマーはウレタンポリマーを含むことを特徴とする、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
[8][1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物と、サポート領域を形成するためのインク組成物とを含む、インクジェット法による立体造形用のインクセット。
[9]第1のインクジェットヘッドのノズルから、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の立体造形用インク組成物を吐出して第1のインク層領域を形成し、
前記形成された第1のインク層領域に活性光線を照射してモデル材層領域を形成し、
前記第1のインク層領域の形成および前記モデル材層領域の形成を繰り返して、複数の前記モデル材層領域を積層することにより立体造形物を製造する、立体造形物の製造方法。
[10]第2のインクジェットヘッドのノズルから、第2のインク組成物を吐出して、第2のインク層領域を形成し、
前記形成された第2のインク層領域を固化させてサポート材層領域を形成し、
前記第2のインク層領域の形成および前記サポート材層領域の形成を繰り返して、複数の前記サポート材層領域を積層する、
[9]に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
本実施形態の立体造形用インク組成物は、インクジェット法による立体造形用の光硬化性のインク組成物(以下、単に「モデル材インク」ともいう。)である。モデル材インクは、光重合性モノマー、ポリマーおよび光重合開始剤を含有する。なお、「モデル材」とは目的とする造形物を構成する材料を意味する。また、後述するように、目的の造形物を得る過程でモデル材を支持するために一時的に使用される材料は「サポート材」と呼ぶ。
光重合性モノマーは、活性光線を照射されて重合する光重合性基を有するモノマーである。光重合性モノマーは、活性光線を照射されることで、後述するポリマーと相分離しながら重合および架橋して、立体造形物を構成するモデル材を形成する。光重合性モノマーは、1種のモノマーでもよいし、種類のモノマーを組み合わせてもよい。
光重合性モノマーは、重合することにより主鎖に環構造を形成し得る光重合性モノマーを含む。このモノマーは、重合するときに非芳香族性の環構造を主鎖に形成する。この環構造は、非芳香族性であるため、外部からの応力に応じて柔軟に変形して、外部から主鎖に与えられた引っ張り方向の応力または衝撃を、分散して吸収する。そのため、このような光重合性モノマーを含有するモデル材インクから形成されたモデル材は、前記主鎖の切断が生じにくく、引張強度および耐衝撃性がより高くなると考えられる。重合するときに主鎖に環構造を形成し得る光重合性モノマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
光重合性モノマーは、上述した引張強度および耐衝撃性を確保しつつ、吐出口からの良好な吐出性が得られる粘度とすることができる範囲において、上記以外の光重合性モノマーを含んでいてもよい。上記以外の光重合性モノマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
上記その他の光重合性モノマーは、疑似架橋基を有するモノマー(以下、単に「疑似架橋モノマー」ともいう。)であってもよい。疑似架橋基とは、結合エネルギーが1kJmol-1以上100kJmol-1未満である疑似架橋を形成することができる官能基、または、水素結合もしくはΠ-Π相互作用を形成することができる水酸基、アミド基もしくは芳香族基を意味する。なお、本明細書において水酸基とは、1価の-OH構造を有する官能基を意味する。このような水酸基の例には、-OH構造のみからなる官能基のほかに、カルボン酸基およびスルホン酸基が含まれる。また、本明細書においてアミド基とは、3価の-CO-N<構造を有する官能基を意味する。このようなアミド基の例には、ウレア基およびウレタン基も含まれる。疑似架橋モノマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
上記その他の光重合性モノマーは、多官能の光重合性モノマー(以下、単に「多官能モノマー」ともいう。)であってもよい。多官能モノマー同士が共有結合して化学架橋することで、光重合性モノマーが重合してなる線状高分子がより強固に結びつきあい、立体造形物の引張強度をより高めることができる。多官能モノマーとは、分子内にラジカル重合性の官能基およびカチオン重合性の官能基を合わせて2つ以上有するモノマーを意味する。化学架橋を生じやすくする観点からは、多官能モノマーは、分子内にラジカル重合性の官能基を2つ以上、またはカチオン重合性の官能基を2つ以上有することが好ましい。多官能モノマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
光重合性モノマーは、非芳香族環状炭化水素構造を有する光重合性モノマー(以下、単に「環状炭化水素モノマー」ともいう。)を含有してもよい。非芳香族環状炭化水素構造(以下、単に「脂環式等」ともいう。)の例には、環状構造が炭素と水素のみからなる脂環式構造、環状構造が炭素とそれ以外の原子とを含むヘテロ環構造、および複数の前記環状構造が1つの原子を共有するスピロ環構造が含まれる。光重合性モノマーが環状炭化水素モノマーを含有すると、脂環式等の立体障害により線状高分子の移動が妨げられるため、立体造形物の耐衝撃性、耐熱性および耐水性をより高めることができる。そのため、吸収された水による立体造形物の変形が生じにくく、製造後の立体造形物の変形をより少なくすることができる。環状炭化水素モノマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
ポリマーは、炭素を含む1種または複数の構成部分が繰り返し配列されている、重量平均分子量が5000以上80000以下の分子である。ポリマーは、形成される立体造形物の引張強度および耐衝撃性を高めることができる。ポリマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
ポリマーが、ポリマー1モルあたり1モル当量以上の光重合性基を有すると、立体造形物の耐衝撃性をより高めることができる。これは、以下の理由によると考えられる。つまり、このようなポリマーを含有するモデル材インクに活性構成を照射すると、ポリマーと光重合性モノマーとの間にも共有結合が形成される。そのため、線状高分子の間にポリマーの粒子が入り込むことによる微細な相分離構造が形成されやすくなり、かつ、前記共有結合によりポリマーの粒子の界面強度が上がるためポリマーの粒子が分解しにくくなる。このようにして、微細な相分離構造が形成されるため、立体造形物の耐衝撃性がより高まると考えらえる。ポリマーが有しうる光重合性基の例には、上記例示した光重合性基が含まれる。ポリマーが架橋剤としてふるまうことにより、ポリマーと光重合性モノマーと相溶することを防ぐ観点からは、ポリマーは、ポリマー1モルあたり1モル当量以上10モル当量以下の光重合性基を有することが好ましく、1モル当量以上4モル当量以下の光重合性基を有することが好ましい。光重合性基を有するポリマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
ポリマーが分子内に光重合性モノマーと相溶し得る構成部分および非相溶な構成部分を有していると、立体造形物の引張強度および耐衝撃性をより高めることができ、かつモデル材インクの粘度もよりインクジェット吐出に適した範囲に低下させることができる。これは、以下の理由によると考えられる。つまり、このようなポリマーを含有するモデル材インクに活性光線を照射すると、光重合性モノマーと非相溶な構成部分によって相分離構造が生じる一方で、光重合性モノマーと相溶し得る構成部分によってポリマーが線状高分子間に取り込まれやすくなるため、相分離構造がより微細になりやすい。相分離構造がより微細になると、引っ張り方向の応力または衝撃もより細かく分散するため、立体造形物の特定の箇所のみに応力または衝撃が集中しにくくなるため、立体造形物の引張強度および耐衝撃性がより高まる。また、ポリマーが分子内に光重合性モノマーと相溶し得る部分を有すると、ポリマーと光重合性モノマーとが適度に相溶し、モデル材インクの粘度がより低くなる。上記ポリマーは、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
光重合開始剤は、前記光重合性モノマーがラジカル重合性の官能基を有する化合物であるときは、光ラジカル開始剤であり、前記光重合性モノマーがカチオン重合性の官能基を有する化合物であるときは、光酸発生剤である。光重合開始剤は、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせもよいし、光ラジカル開始剤と光酸発生剤の両方を組み合わせであってもよい。
モデル材インクは、上述した引張強度、耐衝撃性、吐出性が十分に得られる範囲において、増感剤、光重合開始剤助剤、重合禁止剤および剥離促進剤を含むその他の成分をさらに含んでいてもよい。これらの成分は、1種のみでもよいし、2種以上を組みあわせて用いてもよい。
上述したモデル材インクおよびサポート材インクは、組み合わせてインクセットとすることができる。インクセットは、モデル材インクとサポート材インクとを梱包して販売し、かつ一の立体造形物を形成するために使用できる形態であればよい。たとえば、モデル材インクとサポート材インクとを複数のインクカートリッジにそれぞれ独立に収容してもよいし、または複数のインク収容部を一体的に構成して、それぞれのインク収容部にモデル材インクおよびサポート材インクを収容したインクカートリッジとしてもよい。
サポート材インクは、除去を容易にする観点から、温度に依存して固化してその固体が熱溶融するもの、または光硬化性でその硬化物が水溶性もしくは水膨潤性であるものが好ましい。
本実施形態の立体造形物の製造方法は、上述のモデル材インクを用いて、図1A~図1Dに示すように、インクジェットヘッドのノズルから前記モデル材インクを吐出してモデル材インクの部分を含む第1のインク層領域を形成する工程、および形成された第1のインク層に含まれるモデル材インクの部分に活性光線を照射してモデル材層領域を形成する工程を含む(図1A)。インクの吐出、硬化、積層等は、光硬化性の立体造形用インク組成物をインクジェット法で吐出して立体物を造形する公知の製造方法と同様に行い得る。なお、インク層とは、吐出されたモデル材インクおよび任意に吐出されたサポート材インクによって形成される層をいう。インク層のうち、モデル材インクの部分に活性光線を照射することで、製造しようとする立体造形物を薄片状に微分割した各層であるモデル材層領域100が形成される。図1B~図1Dに示すように、モデル材層を積層することで、立体造形物が作製される。
モデル材インクは、製造しようとする立体造形物の各層においてモデル材が占める位置のデータに基づいて所定の位置に吐出されることで、インク層に含まれる前記モデル材インクの部分を形成する。モデル材インクは、基材上、すでに光を照射されて形成されたモデル材層領域上、または任意に形成されるサポート材層領域上に着弾するように、吐出される。それぞれのインク層に含まれるモデル材インクの部分は、後の工程で活性光線を照射されることで硬化し、モデル材層領域を形成する。
吐出されたモデル材インクは、光源から活性光線を照射して硬化させることができる。モデル材インクの硬化に用いることができる活性光線の例には、紫外線および電子線が含まれる。
本実施形態の製造方法は、第2のインクジェットヘッドのノズルから第2のインク組成物を吐出して、第2のインク層領域を形成する工程を含んでいてもよい。サポート材インクは、製造しようとする立体造形物の各層における、その後に形成されるモデル材を支持するためにサポート材を配置することが望ましい位置のデータに基づいて、所定の位置に吐出されることで、後にサポート材層領域となる第2のインク層領域を形成する。サポート材インクは、その後、硬化して、サポート材層(図1Aの符号200)を形成する。サポート材層が積層されてなるサポート材は、製造中の立体造形物の空間部分を埋めて、製造中のモデル材層を重力方向下部から支える(図1B、図1C、図1D参照)。これにより、サポート材は、モデル材層がまだ十分な強度を有していない部分から製造中の立体造形物が重力によって崩壊することを、防止することができる。
本実施形態の製造方法が上記サポート材インクを吐出する工程を有するとき、すべてのモデル材層領域およびサポート材層領域を形成した後に、サポート材が除去される。
1-1.モノマー組成物
表1に記載の光重合性モノマーを表2に記載の組成に応じた量で混合し、モノマー組成物1~10を調製した。
1-2-1.ウレタンポリマー1および14の調製
重量平均分子量が約2000のポリカーボネートジオールであるETERNACOLL UH-200、宇部興産株式会社製(「ETERNACOLL」は同社の登録商標)と、イソホロンジイソシアネートとをモル比で1:1となるように混合し、トルエンおよび錫触媒をさらに加えた混合液を70℃に加熱した。5時間後に、ポリカーボネートジオールに対するモル比が4:1となる量のヒドロキシエチルアクリレートを反応停止剤として加えて、2時間静置し、重量平均分子量が13000であり官能基当量が2であるウレタンポリマー0を得た。
ウレタンポリマー0およびウレタンポリマー14の調製における反応時間を、得られるポリマーの重量平均分子量が表3に記載の各数値になるように調整した以外は、ウレタンポリマー1と同様にして、ウレタンポリマー2~8を得た。
ウレタンポリマー0およびウレタンポリマー14の調製に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約3000であるETERNACOLL UH-300、宇部興産株式会社製にし、得られるポリマーの分子量が16000になるように反応時間を調整した以外はウレタンポリマー1と同様にして、重量平均分子量が16000であり官能基当量が1であるウレタンポリマー9を得た。
ウレタンポリマー0およびウレタンポリマー14の調製に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約1000であるプラクセル CD210、株式会社ダイセル製(「プラクセル」は同社の登録商標)にし、得られるポリマーの分子量が9000になるように反応時間を調整した以外はウレタンポリマー1と同様にして、重量平均分子量が9000であり官能基当量が1であるウレタンポリマー10を得た。
ウレタンポリマー0およびウレタンポリマー14の調製に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約2000であるOD-X-102、DIC株式会社製にし、得られるポリマーの分子量が11000になるように反応時間を調整した以外はウレタンポリマー1と同様にして、重量平均分子量が11000であり官能基当量が1であるウレタンポリマー11を得た。
ウレタンポリマー0の調製に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約4000のポリプロピレングリコールであるポリプロピレングリコール4000、和光純薬工業株式会社製にした以外はウレタンポリマー0と同様にして、重量平均分子量が12000であり官能基当量が2であるウレタンポリマー12を得た。
ウレタンポリマー14を調製する際に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約2000であるOD-X-102、DIC株式会社製にし、得られるポリマーの重量平均分子量が13000になるように反応時間を調整した以外はウレタンポリマー14と同様にして、重量平均分子量が13000であり官能基当量が0であるウレタンポリマー15を得た。
ウレタンポリマー14を調製する際に用いたポリカーボネートジオールを、重量平均分子量が約4000のポリプロピレングリコールであるポリプロピレングリコール4000、和光純薬工業株式会社製にした以外はウレタンポリマー14と同様にして、重量平均分子量が13000であり官能基当量が0であるウレタンポリマー16を得た。
その他のポリマーとして、以下の製品を用いた。
ウレタンポリマー13:UN-7600、根上工業社製
イソプレンゴム:UC-102、クラレ社製(メタクリロイル基を側鎖に有するポリイソプレン)
表2に記載のモノマー組成物、表3に記載のポリマーおよび光重合開始剤であるIRGACURE 819(BASF社製、「IRGACURE」は同社の登録商標、以下単に「819」ともいう。)を、表4~表6に記載の組成に応じた量で、80℃に加温しながら攪拌しながら溶解させ、モデル材インク1~34、38を調製した。
以下の成分を以下の量で混合および溶解させてサポート材インクを作製した。
オクタデカノール 60質量部
ヘキサデカノール 40質量部
3-1.第1の立体造形物の製造
2つのインクジェットヘッドおよびそれぞれのインクジェットに連通するインクタンクを有する立体造形システムの、第1のインクジェットヘッド(ピエゾヘッド512L、コニカミノルタIJ社製)に連通する第1のインクタンクにモデル材インク1を、第2のインクジェットヘッド(ピエゾヘッド512L、コニカミノルタIJ社製)に連通する第2のインクタンクにサポート材インクを、それぞれ充填した。ステージを水平方向に走査しながら、第1のインクジェットヘッドからモデル材インク1を、第2のインクジェットヘッドからサポート材インクをそれぞれ出射し着弾させ、光源からUV光を照射して硬化させて、モデル材層100およびサポート材層200を含む第1の層を形成した。
第1の立体造形物1~31、33~35、37および38と同様にして、第2の立体造形物1~31、33~35、37および38を製造した。粘度が高いモデル材インク32およびモデル材インク36については、第1のインクジェットヘッドの損傷を防ぐため、第2の立体造形物の製造は行わなかった。第2の立体造形物は、図2に示すように、幅10mm×高さ110mm×厚み2mmの寸法からなる直方体の、高さ方向に沿って上下端から同じ距離の部分に、開口部の幅3mm×深さ2mmの線形テーパ状の切り込みを有している。
4-1.出射性
モデル材インク1~38のそれぞれについて、3℃/分の昇温速度でインクを-20℃から100℃まで昇温させ、アントンパール社製のレオメータMCR102用いて、70℃でのインク粘度を測定した。インク粘度が20mPa・s以下であるとき、立体造形物を製造する際にインクジェットヘッドから十分な量のインクを高速で吐出することができると判断した。
○:インク粘度が20mPa・s以下である
×:インク粘度が20mPa・sを超える
第1の立体造形物1~31、33~35、37および38について、テンシロン万能試験機 RTF-2430型、エー・アンド・デイ社製、を用いて、引張速度:30mm/min、チャック間距離:5cmで引張試験を行い、破断時の応力を測定した。
◎ :破断時の応力が45MPa以上である
○ :破断時の応力が37MPa以上45MPa未満である
□ :破断時の応力が29MPa以上37MPa未満である
△ :破断時の応力が21MPa以上29MPa未満である
× :破断時の応力が21MPa未満である
第2の立体造形物1~31、33~35、37および38について、アイゾット衝撃試験機、安田精機製作所製にてハンマー5.5J、アイゾット試験モードで、JIS K7110に基づいて、破壊に要したエネルギー(kJ/m)を測定した。
◎:15kJ/m2以上で破壊された
○:10kJ/m2以上15kJ/m2未満で破壊された
△:4kJ/m2以上10kJ/m2未満で破壊された
×:4kJ/m2未満で破壊された
結果を表7~表9に示す。
110 モデル材
200 サポート材層
210 サポート材
Claims (10)
- インクジェット法による立体造形用インク組成物であって、
重合することにより主鎖に環構造を形成し得るモノマーを含む光重合性モノマーと、
重量平均分子量が5000以上80000以下のポリマーと、
光重合開始剤と、を含み、
前記光重合性モノマーの溶解度パラメータと前記ポリマーの溶解度パラメータとの差は、0.30(cal/cm3)1/2以上2.0(cal/cm3)1/2以下であることを特徴とする、立体造形用インク組成物。 - 前記ポリマーの含有量は5質量%以上35質量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
- 前記ポリマーは、ポリマー1モルあたり1モル当量以上の、光重合性の官能基を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
- 前記ポリマーの重量平均分子量は7000以上30000以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
- 前記ポリマーは、前記光重合性モノマーと相溶し得る構成部分および非相溶な構成部分を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
- 前記ポリマーはウレタンポリマーを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物と、サポート領域を形成するためのインク組成物とを含む、インクジェット法による立体造形用のインクセット。
- 第1のインクジェットヘッドのノズルから、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の立体造形用インク組成物を吐出して第1のインク層領域を形成し、
前記形成された第1のインク層領域に活性光線を照射してモデル材層領域を形成し、
前記第1のインク層領域の形成および前記モデル材層領域の形成を繰り返して、複数の前記モデル材層領域を積層することにより立体造形物を製造する、立体造形物の製造方法。 - 第2のインクジェットヘッドのノズルから、第2のインク組成物を吐出して、第2のインク層領域を形成し、
前記形成された第2のインク層領域を固化させてサポート材層領域を形成し、
前記第2のインク層領域の形成および前記サポート材層領域の形成を繰り返して、複数の前記サポート材層領域を積層する、請求項9に記載の立体造形物の製造方法。
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