WO2016101700A1 - 轮梁式无桥车架 - Google Patents

轮梁式无桥车架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101700A1
WO2016101700A1 PCT/CN2015/093058 CN2015093058W WO2016101700A1 WO 2016101700 A1 WO2016101700 A1 WO 2016101700A1 CN 2015093058 W CN2015093058 W CN 2015093058W WO 2016101700 A1 WO2016101700 A1 WO 2016101700A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
frame
type
sub
bridge
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2015/093058
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石宇
邢艳琦
田家涛
刘辉
刘太峰
颜丙文
韩同超
石国祥
Original Assignee
石宇
邢树臣
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Publication date
Application filed by 石宇, 邢树臣 filed Critical 石宇
Priority to US15/535,962 priority Critical patent/US10189502B2/en
Priority to JP2017550972A priority patent/JP6538189B2/ja
Priority to EP15871773.6A priority patent/EP3239021B1/en
Publication of WO2016101700A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101700A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/08—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted built up with interlaced cross members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/18—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/02—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/02—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
    • B62D21/03—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members transverse members providing body support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/12—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted assembled from readily detachable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/14—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted of adjustable length or width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/18—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17
    • B62D21/20—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17 trailer type, i.e. a frame specifically constructed for use in a non-powered vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D63/00—Motor vehicles or trailers not otherwise provided for
    • B62D63/02—Motor vehicles
    • B62D63/025—Modular vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a key supporting component of an automobile, and relates to the technical field of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, in particular to a universal bridgeless frame for realizing light weight, electricization, intelligence and modularization of automobiles.
  • the car driving system consists of a frame, an axle, a suspension and a wheel.
  • the frame is an important part of the car's basic components and the driving system.
  • the assembly of the car powertrain and the chassis are all facing the frame; the frame is
  • the foundation of the carriage should have sufficient rigidity and appropriate flexibility to have a critical impact on vehicle performance.
  • the existing car frame structure still uses the T-car (array frame) principle, the front and rear bridges (bridges, gate bridges, etc.) are cross-sections, the car beams are longitudinal sections, the leaf springs are hinged to form the frame, and the chassis is supported and received. The load of the whole vehicle, the support, transmission and positioning functions of the axle have not changed.
  • the existing frame is divided into the following types according to its structural form: one is the beam type structure, including the backbone beam, the side beam type and the integrated type, mainly used in passenger cars and trucks; the second is the platform type carrier vehicle. Frame, one-time forming, suitable for comprehensive mass production of cars; the third is skeleton-type (steel-tube type) full-load bearing structure, mainly used in large passenger cars, a small number of IRS type, half frame and other forms.
  • the front axle is a transverse section
  • the longitudinal beam is placed above the axle
  • the middle space of the vehicle body is mostly occupied.
  • the height of the center of gravity is difficult to reduce, the width of the frame is restricted by many factors; the platform-type carrier frame, the artificially set bridge is supported, the longitudinal frame connection, the horizontal integrated connection, the technical requirements are high, one model and one mold, the production process is complicated, change
  • the type cost is high; the skeleton-type full-load frame decomposes the beam into a number of trusses, occupies the overall space, the body height is increased, the design is complicated, the parts are numerous, the technical process requirements are strict, the production cost is high, the weld seam is many, and the allowable stress is reduced.
  • Patent application No. CN 103381851A entitled “Electric Vehicle Chassis”, published on November 6, 2013, and CN 1631690A, published on June 29, 2005, entitled “Second Wheel Independent Suspension Independent Drive Electric”
  • the overall frame adopted is a T-type principle and partially improved, but no new bridgeless structure is realized, and the motorized, lightweight, and intelligent functions are not well realized. Claim.
  • the invention is directed to the intelligent output of the power shaft of the electric vehicle motor, and the positioning bearing function of the axle is eliminated, so that the bridgeless frame is more reasonable.
  • the axle function is decomposed to the bottom plate and the side.
  • Side support bearing, retaining the transmission shaft space, the frame and the suspension are directly hinged and supported, and the suspension is directly connected with the wheel.
  • the force is transmitted according to the motion track to reduce the height of the chassis of the car, expand the space between the two wheels, and extend the axis.
  • the purpose of the distance is to form a full-drive, fully independent suspension with a complete output of the power train.
  • the invention completely removes the structural functions and functions of the integral axle and the disconnected axle and the corresponding axle.
  • the frame is self-contained, and one end of the suspension system is directly mounted on the frame to carry the weight of the vehicle body, and the other end is connected to the wheel to simplify the power output shaft.
  • the wheel positioning is directly carried by the frame by the suspension.
  • the invention fully considers the overall arrangement of the automobile, the structural mechanical characteristics, the manufacturing process, the light weight, the intelligence and the electricization, the adjustment of the suspension and the steering system arrangement, the power system arrangement, and the effect of improving various performances.
  • the invention is composed of a front gantry, a front wheel frame, a middle splicing frame, a rear wheel frame and a rear sling frame in order from front to back, and the front pylon, the front wheel frame, the middle splicing frame, the rear wheel frame and the rear sling frame respectively
  • the adjacent sections are connected to each other by a unified standard connection method.
  • the modular combination structure is adopted, and the front hanger, the front wheel frame, the intermediate link frame, the rear wheel frame and the rear frame are independent, and can be assembled, assembled and adjusted at will. It has sufficient strength and rigidity and is completely independent of interchangeability.
  • the front hanger is located at the front end, and the front hanger is composed of two first longitudinal main beams, a second auxiliary beam and a plurality of first horizontal deniers and accessories, and the positions of the first longitudinal main beam and the second auxiliary beam are different according to different positions.
  • the needs of the model can be adjusted up and down, left and right displacement hinges, and can be designed into a machine type, an aisle type and a seat type with different accessories. The length can be adjusted as needed.
  • the machine type is used to install power components such as the engine and gearbox.
  • the aisle type is used to set the aisle.
  • the seat type is used to set the seat.
  • the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame adopt the same structure, and both are composed of two bridges, two bridge sub-frames, two H-wheel beams, two H-wheel beam bases, two H-wheel beam sub-frames, and two Ms.
  • the wheel beam and the four M-wheel beam sub-frames and some accessories are composed.
  • the relevant parts of each part are connected integrally.
  • the two bridges are narrow and narrow in trapezoidal structure.
  • the two bridges are connected with the H wheel beam in a trapezoidal structure to form a stable integral wheel frame, which is equipped with wheel components and supports the vehicle body.
  • the side structure of the well shape and the upper part of the M wheel beam form a multi-site connection space, which is more adaptable and firm, suitable for various suspensions, and adapts to various wheel combinations and various types of vehicles.
  • the bridge is a U-shaped integral part, which is arranged in the middle part of the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame.
  • the two bridges are composed of a wide and narrow trapezoidal structure, which serves as a main support and can expand the wheel space. Effect.
  • the two bridge sub-frames are located on both sides of the bridge of the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame, which play the role of lateral bottoming and longitudinal connection.
  • the two H wheel beams are located on the left and right sides of the bottom wheel frame of the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame, and the two H wheel beams vertically intersect with the bridge frame, which has a stable connection effect on the integral wheel frame.
  • the H-wheel beam base is disposed under the H-wheel beam
  • the H-wheel beam sub-frame is disposed above the H-wheel beam
  • the H-wheel beam sub-frame and the H-wheel beam are integrated to form an integral frame
  • the H-wheel beam sub-frame and the bridge It is connected perpendicularly to the bridge sub-frame and intersects the M-wheel beam through the M-wheel beam sub-frame.
  • the M wheel beam is an arch beam, which is vertically installed on the top of the bridge sub-frame.
  • the top surface of the M wheel beam is connected with the bridge, and one of the left and right sides is installed, and an arched space is formed on the left and right for mounting the wheel suspension component.
  • the M-wheel beam functions to carry loads, stabilize the vertical columns, and adjust the height.
  • the M wheel beam sub-frame is located between the M wheel beam and the bridge, and the side supports the M wheel beam.
  • the middle joint frame is located between the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame, and the middle joint frame is composed of two second longitudinal main beams, a second auxiliary beam and a plurality of second horizontal deniers and accessories, and the middle joint frame is
  • the trapezoidal structure, the position of the second longitudinal main beam and the second sub-beam can be adjusted up and down according to the needs of different models, and the left and right displacement hinges can be designed as a straight bottom type, a sandwich type, an outer type or a concessed type with different accessories.
  • the intermediate frame can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the needs to suit different wheelbase requirements.
  • the rear hanger is located at the rear end, and is composed of two third longitudinal main beams, a third auxiliary beam and a plurality of third horizontal beams and accessories, and the positions of the third longitudinal main beam and the third auxiliary beam are different according to different models. Need to be able to adjust up and down, left and right displacement hinge, and can be designed with different accessories to form the machine type, warehouse type, aisle type and seat type. The length can be adjusted as needed.
  • the machine type is used to install power components such as the engine and gearbox.
  • the warehouse type is used to store goods.
  • the aisle type is used to set the aisle, and the seat type is used to set the seat.
  • the present invention only provides a reserved space for the tire at the position of the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame, and the remaining parts include the middle aisle portion of the center frame, the front frame, the rear frame, the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame. Both can be designed with low floor to significantly reduce the height of the car floor and make reasonable use of space. In order to achieve local reinforcement of different models, the corresponding connection There are more than 20 kinds of accessories established.
  • the front wheel frame and the rear wheel frame can be equipped with both a driving wheel and a passive wheel. Both the steering wheel and the non-steering wheel can be installed, and four-wheel steering and multi-wheel driving can be realized.
  • the space is completely guaranteed for the power shaft, the steering ball head, the steering rod, the elastic element, the shock absorber, the balance bar and the like.
  • the inner and outer parts of the H-shaped beam and the double-bridge, using the M-wheel beam and the surrounding space, can realize the independent suspension mode of the existing car, use a variety of elastic components to carry, adjust the suspension guiding structure, increase the transmission device, and realize the new suspension. system.
  • the wheel is directly connected to the frame through the suspension system, and the wheel positioning is directly realized based on the frame to realize the bridgeless frame.
  • the modular combination method is convenient for mass production, standard assembly and low cost.
  • the frame can be assembled as a whole or assembled in sections.
  • the attachment structure is simple and the variability is controllable. It is convenient to arrange each assembly and parts reasonably.
  • the five sections are based on a standard overall unified connection. It can also be disassembled, integrated and transformed into a variety of models.
  • the bridgeless (bridge) articulated frame achieves the lateral load-bearing connection of the frame, wheel positioning (front wheel camber, front wheel toe, kingpin backward tilt, kingpin tilt, etc.) and suspension and elastic components, resistance points Set on the frame.
  • Removing the axles is conducive to lightweight and light lifting, light weight, high strength, high rigidity, torque and bending within a controllable range, and can withstand all loads reasonably.
  • the mechanical distribution is reasonable, the center of gravity is reduced, the various horizontal and vertical moments are reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
  • a variety of three-dimensional trapezoidal structures are available to decompose lateral, longitudinal and torsional forces.
  • Moderate regulation can improve the performance of the car. It is suitable for four-wheel and multi-wheel drive and all adopt independent suspension.
  • the car adjustment accessories are suitable for all kinds of suspensions such as double cross arm, McPherson, candle type and multi-link, which increases driving comfort. It is convenient for the development and utilization of the overall performance of the car. It can adjust the changing body, passing ability, wheelbase and turning radius to improve the comfort and stability of the whole vehicle. It is a platform way to build a new type of car design and manufacture.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the wheel carrier of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a bridge member of the wheel carrier portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a bridge sub-frame member of the wheel carrier portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the H-wheel member of the wheel carrier portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of the M-wheel component of the wheel carrier portion of the present invention.
  • FIG 11 and 12 are structural schematic views of the wheel-beam type bridgeless frame of the present invention used on the low floor of the bus, respectively, at different viewing angles.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 are structural schematic views of the wheel-beam type bridgeless frame of the present invention used in a car at different viewing angles, respectively.
  • 15 and 16 are structural schematic views of the wheel-beam type bridgeless frame of the present invention used in off-road vehicles at different viewing angles, respectively.
  • the present invention is sequentially connected from the front to the rear by the front rack 1.
  • the front wheel frame 2, the middle frame 3, the rear wheel frame 4 and the rear frame 5 are composed of five segments, and the front hanger 1, the front wheel frame 2, the intermediate frame 3, the rear wheel frame 4 and the rear hanger frame 5 are adjacent to each other.
  • the segments are connected to each other by a unified standard connection method.
  • the modular combination structure is adopted.
  • the front pylon 1, the front wheel frame 2, the intermediate frame 3, the rear wheel frame 4 and the rear pylon 5 are independent and can be assembled and assembled at will. And adjusted, and with sufficient strength and stiffness, with complete independent interchangeability.
  • the front pylon 1 is located at the front end, and the front pylon 1 is composed of two first longitudinal main beams 11, two second sub-beams 12 and a plurality of first horizontal slabs 13 and accessories, the first longitudinal main beam 11 and the first
  • the position of the second auxiliary beam 12 can be adjusted up and down according to the needs of different models, and the left and right displacement hinges can be designed into a machine type, an aisle type and a seat type with different accessories. The length can be adjusted as needed.
  • the machine type is used to install power components such as the engine and gearbox.
  • the aisle type is used to set the aisle.
  • the seat type is used to set the seat.
  • the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4 adopt the same structure, and both are composed of two bridges 21, two bridge sub-frames 22, two H-wheel beams 23, two H-wheel beam bases 24, and two H-wheel beams.
  • the sub-frame 25, the two M-wheel beams 26 and the four M-wheel beam sub-frames 27 and some accessories are composed.
  • the relevant parts of each part are connected integrally, and the two bridges 21 are wide and narrow in a trapezoidal structure.
  • the two bridges 21 are integrally connected with the H wheel beam in a trapezoidal structure to form a stable integral wheel frame, and the wheel assembly is mounted and supports the vehicle body.
  • the cross-shaped side structure and the upper part of the M wheel beam 26 form a multi-site connection space, which is more adaptable and firm, suitable for various suspensions, and is suitable for various wheel combinations and various types of vehicles.
  • the bridge 21 is a U-shaped integral component disposed at an intermediate portion of the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4, and the two bridges 21 are formed into a lower width and a narrow trapezoidal structure, which serves as a main support and can function as a main support. Increase the effect of the wheel space.
  • Two bridge sub-frames 22 are located on both sides of the bridge 21 of the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4, and function as a lateral support and a longitudinal connection.
  • Two H wheel beams 23 are located on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4, and the two H wheel beams 23 intersect perpendicularly with the bridge sub-frames 22 to function as a stable connection to the integral wheel frame.
  • the H wheel beam base 24 is disposed below the H wheel beam 23, and the H wheel beam pair
  • the frame 25 is disposed on the upper surface of the H wheel beam 23, and the H wheel beam sub-frame 25 and the H wheel beam 23 are integrally combined to form an integral frame, and the H wheel beam sub-frame 25 is vertically connected with the bridge 21 and the bridge sub-frame 22, and passes through the M wheel beam.
  • the sub-frame 27 intersects the M wheel beam 26.
  • the M wheel beam 26 is an arch beam, which is vertically installed on the upper side of the bridge sub-frame 22.
  • the top surface of the M wheel beam 26 is connected to the bridge 21, and one left and right are installed, and an arched space is formed on the left and right sides for The wheel suspension assembly is installed, and the M wheel beam 26 functions to carry loads, stabilize the vertical column, and adjust the height.
  • the M wheel beam sub-frame 27 is located between the M wheel beam 26 and the bridge 21, and supports the M wheel beam 26 on the side.
  • the intermediate frame 3 is located between the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4, and the middle coupling frame 3 is composed of two second longitudinal main beams 31, second secondary beams 32 and a plurality of second horizontal deniers 33 and accessories.
  • the structure has a trapezoidal structure in section 3, and the positions of the second longitudinal main beam 31 and the second sub-beam 32 can be adjusted up and down according to the needs of different models, and the left and right displacement hinges can be designed as a straight bottom type and a mezzanine layer with different accessories. Type, outer or introverted.
  • the intermediate frame 3 can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the needs to suit different wheelbase requirements.
  • the rear hanger 5 is located at the rear end, and is composed of two third longitudinal main beams 51, third sub-beams 52 and a plurality of third horizontal deniers 53 and accessories, and the third longitudinal main beam 51 and the third sub-beam 52.
  • the position can be adjusted up and down according to the needs of different models, left and right displacement hinges, and can be designed into different types, such as machine type, warehouse type, aisle type and seat type.
  • the length can be adjusted as needed.
  • the machine type is used to install power components such as the engine and gearbox.
  • the warehouse type is used to store goods.
  • the aisle type is used to set the aisle, and the seat type is used to set the seat.
  • the present invention only provides a reserved space for the tire at the position of the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4, and the remaining parts include the center frame 3, the front pylon 1, the rear pylon 5, the front wheel frame 2 and the rear.
  • the middle aisle portion of the wheel frame 4 can be designed with a low floor to significantly reduce the height of the car floor and make reasonable use of the space. In order to achieve local reinforcement of different models, there are more than 20 kinds of accessories established in connection with their respective connections.
  • the front wheel frame 2 and the rear wheel frame 4 can be mounted with both a drive wheel and a passive wheel.
  • the steering wheel can be installed and the non-steering wheel can be installed, which can realize four-wheel steering and multi-wheel drive.
  • the space is completely guaranteed for the power shaft, the steering ball head, the steering rod, the elastic element, the shock absorber, the balance bar and the like.
  • the inner and outer parts of the H-shaped beam 23 and the double-bridge 21, using the M-wheel beam 26 and the surrounding space, can realize the independent suspension mode of the existing car, and use various elastic components to carry, adjust the suspension guiding structure, and increase the transmission device.
  • the wheel is directly connected to the frame through the suspension system, and the wheel positioning is directly realized based on the frame to realize the bridgeless frame.
  • the wheel-beam type bridgeless frame of the present invention is applicable to various types of vehicles, such as bus, sedan, and off-road vehicles, and FIGS. 11-16 respectively show the invention used on bus low floor, sedan, and off-road vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种轮梁式无桥车架，其从前至后依次由前挂架（1）、前轮架（2）、中联架（3）、后轮架（4）和后挂架（5）五段组成，前挂架（1）、前轮架、中联架（3）、后轮架（4）和后挂架（5）各相邻段之间均采用统一标准的一体方式制造连接，采用模块化组合结构，前挂架（1）、前轮架（2）、中联架（3）、后轮架（4）和后挂架（5）各自独立，可按要求装配组装及调整，并具有足够的强度和刚度，具有完全独立互换性。实现了将车架横向承载联接、车轮定位与悬架及弹性元件、阻点集于车架。去掉车桥，能合理承受所有的载荷。实现与各种独立悬挂，除钢板弹簧外所有弹性元件的匹配；可显著降低汽车地板高度，有效大幅提高利用车内空间，增强舒适性。其优势与电动车需求相吻合，可作为电动化汽车的最佳配置车架，且可按要求改进又可适用燃油、混合动力的各式乘用车、商务车。

Description

轮梁式无桥车架 技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车关键支撑部件，涉及乘用车、商用车技术领域，特别涉及一种为实现汽车轻量化、电动化、智能化、模块化的通用型无桥车架。
背景技术
汽车行驶系统由车架、车桥、悬挂和车轮组成，车架是汽车的基础部件和行驶系统的重要组成部分，汽车动力总成、底盘的各总成都面对车架安装；车架又是车厢承载的基础，既要有足够的刚度，又要有适当柔性，对整车性能有关键影响。现有汽车车架结构仍沿用T型车(阵式车架)原理，前后桥(桥架、门式桥等)为横截面，车梁为纵截面，钢板弹簧铰接形成车架，并支撑和接收底盘及整车的载荷，车桥所具有的支撑、传动、定位功能仍未改变，这种结构虽然结构简单、工艺性好，但本身存在质量大、车载重心高，挤占中心位置多等缺点。近代全承载式客车及平台式承载轿车架虽然解决上述一些缺点，但总成布置仍受局限。随着电动化、智能化、轻量化的推进，更呼唤着适应其要求的新车架的涌现。
现有的车架按其结构形式不同，主要分以下几类：其一是大梁式结构，包括脊梁式、边梁式和综合式，主要应用在客车和货车上；其二是平台式承载车架，一次成型，适合轿车综合批量生产；其三为骨架式(钢管式)全承载结构，主要应用在大型客车上，少量IRS型、半车架等形式。
但这三种方式都有不足，主要表现在：大梁式结构以前后桥为横向截面，纵向梁架置于车桥上方，车体中间空间大部分被占 用，重心高度难以下降，车架宽度受许多因素制约；平台式承载车架，人为设置桥架为支承，纵向骨架连接，横向一体成型连接，技术要求高，一车型一模具，生产工艺复杂，改型成本高；骨架式全承载车架把大梁分解成若干桁架，占用整体空间、车身增高、且设计复杂、零件多，技术工艺要求严格，生产成本高，焊缝多，降低了允许应力。
在2013年11月6日公开的公开号为CN 103381851A、名称为《电动汽车底盘》的专利申请以及2005年6月29日公开的公开号为CN 1631690A，名称为《后轮独立悬挂独立驱动电动汽车底盘》的专利申请中，采用的整体车架都属于T型原理，并进行局部改进，但均未实现无桥式新结构，也未能很好的实现电动化、轻量化、智能化功能要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轮梁式无桥车架。
本发明针对电动车电机动力轴智能输出，免除了车桥的定位承载功能，因此无桥车架更为合理。这种按照力学结构原理，注重力与力矩的合理布局，克服以上现有底盘车架的缺点并吸收了其各自优点而优化设计的无桥型汽车车架，将车桥功能分解至底板及边侧支持承载，保留了传动轴空间，车架与悬架直接铰接、承载，悬架与车轮直接连接，按运动轨迹传递力的作用，达到降低汽车底盘高度，扩展双轮间使用空间，延伸轴距的目的，形成整车可动力轴完全输出的全驱、全独立悬架。
本发明完全去掉整体式车桥和断开式车桥及相应桥架的结构功能及作用。车架自成一体，悬挂系统一端直接安装在车架上，承载车身重量，另一端连接在车轮上，简化动力输出轴。车轮定位通过悬架由车架直接承担。
本发明充分考虑了汽车总体布置、结构力学特征、制造工艺、适应轻量化、智能化和电动化，调整其悬挂及转向系统布置、动力系统布置，使其实现多种性能提高的效果。
本发明从前至后依次由前挂架、前轮架、中联架、后轮架和后挂架五段组成，前挂架、前轮架、中联架、后轮架和后挂架各相邻段之间均采用统一标准的连接方式相互连接，采用模块化组合结构，前挂架、前轮架、中联架、后轮架和后挂架各自独立，可随意装配组装及调整，并具有足够的强度和刚度，具有完全独立互换性。
所述的前挂架位于前端，前挂架由两根第一纵向主梁、第二副梁和多根第一横旦及附件组成，第一纵向主梁和第二副梁的位置根据不同车型的需要可以上下调整，左右位移铰接，并配合不同附件可设计成置机型、过道型和座位型。长度可根据需要调整。置机型用于安装发动机和变速箱等动力部件。过道型用于设置过道。座位型用于设置座位。
所述的前轮架和后轮架采用相同结构，均由两个桥梁、两个桥梁副架、两个H轮梁、两个H轮梁底座、两个H轮梁副架，两个M轮梁和四个M轮梁副架及部分附件组成。各部分相关配件连接一体，两个桥梁下宽上窄呈梯形结构，两个桥梁整体与H轮梁连接呈井字形结构，组成稳固的整体轮架，安装车轮组件并支撑车体。井字形侧面结构与M轮梁上部组成多位点连接空间，适应性更强更牢固，适合各种悬挂，适应多种车轮组合及多种车型。
所述的桥梁是一个U型整体部件，设置在前轮架和后轮架的中间部位，两个桥梁组成下宽上窄呈梯形结构，起主要支撑稳固作用，并能够起到扩大轮距空间的效果。两个桥梁副架位于前轮架和后轮架的桥梁的两侧，起到了横向托底、纵向连接的作用。 两个H轮梁位于前轮架和后轮架的底面左右两侧，两个H轮梁与桥梁副架垂直相交，对整体轮架起稳定连接的作用。
所述的H轮梁底座设置在H轮梁的下面，H轮梁副架设置在H轮梁的上面，H轮梁副架与H轮梁合成一体组成整体框架，H轮梁副架与桥梁和桥梁副架垂直连接，并通过M轮梁副架与M轮梁相交。
所述的M轮梁是一个拱形梁，垂直安装在桥梁副架的上面，M轮梁的顶面与桥梁连接，左右各安装一个，左右各形成一个拱形空间，用于安装车轮悬挂组件，M轮梁起承载载荷、稳固竖柱、调整高度的作用。M轮梁副架位于M轮梁和桥梁之间，侧面支撑M轮梁。
所述的中联架位于前轮架和后轮架之间，中联架是由两根第二纵向主梁、第二副梁和多根第二横旦及附件组成，中联架断面呈梯形结构，第二纵向主梁和第二副梁的位置根据不同车型的需要可以上下调整，左右位移铰接，并配合不同附件可设计成直底型、夹层型、外边型或内敛型。中联架可以根据需要任意调整长度，以适合不同轴距的要求。
所述的后挂架位于后端，由两根第三纵向主梁、第三副梁和多根第三横旦及附件组成，第三纵向主梁和第三副梁的位置根据不同车型的需要可以上下调整，左右位移铰接，并可配合不同附件设计成置机型、货仓型、过道型和座位型。长度可根据需要调整。置机型用于安装发动机和变速箱等动力部件。货仓型用于储存货物。过道型用于设置过道，座位型用于设置座位。
另本发明只在前轮架和后轮架处的位置为设置轮胎预留宽度空间，其余部位，包括中联架、前挂架、后挂架、前轮架和后轮架的中间过道部分，均可设计低地板，以显著降低汽车地板高度，合理利用空间。为实现不同车型的局部加固，与其相应连接 而确立的各种附件有二十余种。
前轮架和后轮架既能安装驱动轮又能安装被动轮，既能安装转向轮又能安装非转向轮，能够实现四轮转向、多轮驱动。其空间完全保证动力轴、转向球头、转向杆、弹性元件、减震器、平衡杆等空间布置。
H轮梁和双桥梁组成的井字型内外部件，利用M轮梁及周边空间，可实现现有轿车独立悬挂方式，利用多种弹性元件承载，调整悬架导向结构，增加传导装置，实现新的悬挂系统。适合各式独立悬挂，车轮通过悬挂系统直接与车架相联，以车架为基准直接实现车轮定位，实现无桥车架。
本发明的有益效果：
1.采用模块化组合方式，既便于批量生产，又可标准装配，成本低。车架可整体设计组装，也可分段组装。附件结构简单，变化性可控。便于合理地布置各总成和零部件。五段部分采用标准整体统一连接方式。也可以拆解、整合、变换成多种车型。
2.无桥(桥架)铰接车架达到将车架横向承载联接、车轮定位(前轮外倾、前轮前束、主销后倾、主销内倾等)与悬架及弹性元件、阻点集于车架。去掉车桥，有利于轻量化提升，质量轻、强度高、刚度大，扭力、弯曲度在可控范围内变化，能合理承受所有的载荷。实现与各种独立悬挂，除钢板弹簧外所有弹性元件的匹配，力学分布合理，重心下降，各种水平、垂直的力矩缩小，耗能降低。采用多种立体梯形结构，能够对横向力、纵向力和扭力进行分解。
3.可显著降低汽车地板高度，有效提高利用车内空间，增强舒适性。
4.其优势与电动车需求相吻合，可作为电动化汽车的最佳配置车架。适应性广，对各种承载车、乘用车、商务车，都有实 用价值。最适用于电动车，对混合动力、燃油车也同样适用。
5.适度调控可提高汽车性能，适合四轮、多轮驱动并全部采用独立悬挂，轿车调整配件适应双横臂、麦弗逊、烛式、多连杆等各式悬挂，增加行驶舒适性。便于汽车整体性能的开发利用，能够调整变化车身、通过能力、轴距及转弯半径，提高整车舒适性、平稳性，是搭建新型汽车设计制造的平台方式。
附图说明
图1为本发明的主视图。
图2为本发明的俯视图。
图3为本发明的侧视图。
图4为本发明的中联架断面图。
图5为本发明的轴测图。
图6为本发明的轮架部分轴测图。
图7为本发明的轮架部分的桥梁部件的轴测图。
图8为本发明的轮架部分的桥梁副架部件的轴测图。
图9为本发明的轮架部分的H轮梁部件的轴测图。
图10为本发明的轮架部分的M轮梁部件的轴测图。
图11、12分别为在大巴车低地板上使用的本发明轮梁式无桥车架在不同视角的结构示意图。
图13、14分别为在轿车上使用的本发明轮梁式无桥车架在不同视角的结构示意图。
图15、16分别为在越野车上使用的本发明轮梁式无桥车架在不同视角的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1至图10所示，本发明从前至后依次由前挂架1、 前轮架2、中联架3、后轮架4和后挂架5五段组成，前挂架1、前轮架2、中联架3、后轮架4和后挂架5各相邻段之间均采用统一标准的连接方式相互连接，采用模块化组合结构，前挂架1、前轮架2、中联架3、后轮架4和后挂架5各自独立，可随意装配组装及调整，并具有足够的强度和刚度，具有完全独立互换性。
所述的前挂架1位于前端，前挂架1是由两根第一纵向主梁11、第二副梁12和多根第一横旦13及附件组成，第一纵向主梁11和第二副梁12的位置可以根据不同车型的需要上下调整，左右位移铰接，并可配合不同附件设计成置机型、过道型和座位型。长度可根据需要调整。置机型用于安装发动机和变速箱等动力部件。过道型用于设置过道。座位型用于设置座位。
所述的前轮架2和后轮架4采用相同结构，均由两个桥梁21、两个桥梁副架22、两个H轮梁23、两个H轮梁底座24、两个H轮梁副架25，两个M轮梁26和四个M轮梁副架27及部分附件组成。各部分相关配件连接一体，两个桥梁21下宽上窄呈梯形结构，两个桥梁21整体与H轮梁连接呈井字形结构，组成稳固的整体轮架，安装车轮组件并支撑车体。井字形侧面结构与M轮梁26上部组成多位点连接空间，适应性更强更牢固，适合各种悬挂，适应多种车轮组合及多种车型。
所述的桥梁21是一个U型整体部件，设置在前轮架2和后轮架4的中间部位，两个桥梁21组成下宽上窄呈梯形结构，起主要支撑稳固作用，并能够起到扩大轮距空间的效果。两个桥梁副架22位于前轮架2和后轮架4的桥梁21的两侧，起到了横向托底、纵向连接的作用。两个H轮梁23位于前轮架2和后轮架4的底面左右两侧，两个H轮梁23与桥梁副架22垂直相交，对整体轮架起稳定连接的作用。
所述的H轮梁底座24设置在H轮梁23的下面，H轮梁副 架25设置在H轮梁23的上面，H轮梁副架25与H轮梁23合成一体组成整体框架，H轮梁副架25与桥梁21和桥梁副架22垂直连接，并通过M轮梁副架27与M轮梁26相交。
所述的M轮梁26是一个拱形梁，垂直安装在桥梁副架22的上面，M轮梁26的顶面与桥梁21连接，左右各安装一个，左右各形成一个拱形空间，用于安装车轮悬挂组件，M轮梁26起承载载荷、稳固竖柱、调整高度作用。M轮梁副架27位于M轮梁26和桥梁21之间，侧面支撑M轮梁26。
所述的中联架3位于前轮架2和后轮架4之间，中联架3是由两根第二纵向主梁31、第二副梁32和多根第二横旦33及附件组成，中联架3断面呈梯形结构，第二纵向主梁31和第二副梁32的位置根据不同车型的需要可以上下调整，左右位移铰接，并可配合不同附件设计成直底型、夹层型、外边型或内敛型。中联架3可以根据需要任意调整长度，以适合不同轴距的要求。
所述的后挂架5位于后端，由两根第三纵向主梁51、第三副梁52和多根第三横旦53及附件组成，第三纵向主梁51和第三副梁52的位置可以根据不同车型的需要上下调整、左右位移铰接，并可配合不同附件设计成置机型、货仓型、过道型和座位型。长度可根据需要调整。置机型用于安装发动机和变速箱等动力部件。货仓型用于储存货物。过道型用于设置过道，座位型用于设置座位。
另本发明只在前轮架2和后轮架4处的位置为设置轮胎预留宽度空间，其余部位，包括中联架3、前挂架1、后挂架5、前轮架2和后轮架4的中间过道部分，均可设计低地板，以显著降低汽车地板高度，合理利用空间。为实现不同车型的局部加固，与其相应连接而确立的各种附件有二十余种。
前轮架2和后轮架4既能安装驱动轮又能安装被动轮，既能 安装转向轮又能安装非转向轮，能够实现四轮转向、多轮驱动。其空间完全保证动力轴、转向球头、转向杆、弹性元件、减震器、平衡杆等空间布置。
H轮梁23和双桥梁21组成的井字型内外部件，利用M轮梁26及周边空间，可实现现有轿车独立悬挂方式，利用多种弹性元件承载，调整悬架导向结构，增加传导装置，实现新的悬挂系统。适合各式独立悬挂，车轮通过悬挂系统直接与车架相联，以车架为基准直接实现车轮定位，实现无桥车架。
本发明的轮梁式无桥车架适用于各类型车辆，例如大巴车、轿车以及越野车等，图11-16则分别示出了在大巴车低地板、轿车以及越野车上使用的本发明轮梁式无桥车架在不同视角的结构。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：其从前至后依次由前挂架(1)、前轮架(2)、中联架(3)、后轮架(4)和后挂架(5)五段组成，前挂架(1)、前轮架(2)、中联架(3)、后轮架(4)和后挂架(5)各相邻段之间均采用统一标准的连接方式相互连接，采用模块化组合结构，前挂架(1)、前轮架(2)、中联架(3)、后轮架(4)和后挂架(5)各自独立，能够根据需要装配组装及调整，并具有足够的强度和刚度，具有完全独立互换性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的前轮架(2)和后轮架(4)采用相同结构，均由两个桥梁(21)、两个桥梁副架(22)、两个H轮梁(23)、两个H轮梁底座(24)、两个H轮梁副架(25)，两个M轮梁(26)和四个M轮梁副架(27)及部分附件组成，各部分相关配件连接一体，两个桥梁(21)下宽上窄呈梯形结构，两个桥梁(21)整体与H轮梁连接呈井字形结构，组成稳固的整体轮架，安装车轮组件并支撑车体；井字形侧面结构与M轮梁(26)上部组成多位点连接空间，适应性更强更牢固，适合各种悬挂，为改进悬架设计提供可靠条件，适应多种车轮组合及多种车型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的中联架(3)是由两根第二纵向主梁(31)、第二副梁(32)和多根第二横旦(33)及附件组成，中联架(3)断面呈梯形结构，第二纵向主梁(31)和第二副梁(32)的位置能够根据不同车型的需要上下调整、左右位移铰接，并能够配合不同附件设计成直底型、夹层型、外边型或内敛型；中联架(3)能够根据需要任意调整长度，以适合不同轴距的要求。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的前挂架(1)位于前端，前挂架(1)由两根第一纵向主梁(11)、第二副梁(12)和多根第一横旦(13)及附件组成，第一纵向主梁(11)和第二副梁(12)的位置能够根据不同车型的需要上下调整、左右位移铰接，前挂架(1)的长度能够根据需要调整。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的后挂架(5)是由两根第三纵向主梁(51)、第三副梁(52)和多根第三横旦(53)及附件组成，第三纵向主梁(51)和第三副梁(52)的位置能够根据不同车型的需要上下调整、左右位移铰接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的前挂架(1)能够设计成置机型、过道型或座位型；所述的后挂架(5)能够设计成置机型、货仓型、过道型或座位型。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：所述的桥梁(21)是一个U型整体部件，设置在前轮架(2)和后轮架(4)的中间部位，两个桥梁(21)组成下宽上窄呈梯形结构，起主要支撑稳固作用，并能够起到扩大轮距空间的效果；两个桥梁副架(22)位于前轮架(2)和后轮架(4)的桥梁(21)的两侧，起到了横向托底、纵向连接的作用；两个H轮梁(23)位于前轮架(2)和后轮架(4)的底面左右两侧，两个H轮梁(23)与桥梁副架(22)垂直相交，对整体轮架起稳定连接的作用；
    所述的H轮梁底座(24)设置在H轮梁(23)的下面，H轮梁副架(25)设置在H轮梁(23)的上面，H轮梁副架(25)与H轮梁(23)合成一体组成整体框架，H轮梁副架(25)与桥梁(21)和桥梁副架(22)垂直连接，并通过M轮梁副架(27)与M轮梁(26)相交；
    所述的M轮梁(26)是一个拱形梁，垂直安装在桥梁副架(22)的上面，M轮梁(26)的顶面与桥梁(21)连接，左右各安装一个，左右各形成一个拱形空间，用于安装车轮悬挂组件，M轮梁(26)起承载载荷、稳固竖柱、调整高度作用；M轮梁副架(27)位于M轮梁(26)和桥梁(21)之间，侧面支撑M轮梁(26)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：适宜于各式电动车行驶系统，通过调整也适应于混合动力和燃油车；通过选加各种附件，调整整体及局部结构尺寸适合各种车型，包括大巴车、中巴车、拖挂车、厢式货车、越野车、商务车、轿车或跑车。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的轮梁式无桥车架，其特征在于：能够作为搭建新的汽车设计制造的平台，通过结构变化带来功能变化，以无桥车架为基础，调整行驶系统中的车轮、悬架及转向系统的布置，微调传动系统配置，配置智能化设施，综合建立相应数据库，能够构建汽车的更好性能指标设计平台。
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