WO2016084924A1 - マグネシウム含有電解液 - Google Patents
マグネシウム含有電解液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084924A1 WO2016084924A1 PCT/JP2015/083325 JP2015083325W WO2016084924A1 WO 2016084924 A1 WO2016084924 A1 WO 2016084924A1 JP 2015083325 W JP2015083325 W JP 2015083325W WO 2016084924 A1 WO2016084924 A1 WO 2016084924A1
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic System
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution containing magnesium ions and an electrochemical device including the electrolytic solution.
- Magnesium has a large electric capacity per unit volume because the ions are multivalent ions. Magnesium has a higher melting point than lithium and is safe, and also has the advantage that the distribution of resources on the earth is small, the amount of resources is abundant, and it is inexpensive. Therefore, a magnesium ion battery using metallic magnesium as a negative electrode has attracted attention as a next-generation battery that replaces a lithium ion battery.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Aurbach et al. Prepared a THF solution of Mg (AlCl 2 BuEt) 2 using dibutylmagnesium Bu 2 Mg and ethylaluminum dichloride EtAlCl 2 and found that it can be used up to a potential of about 2.4 V with respect to magnesium.
- Liao et al. Reported an electrolyte solution having an oxidation resistance of about 2.5 V against magnesium by mixing non-nucleophilic alkoxide-based magnesium salt and aluminum chloride. (Non-Patent Document 3).
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution that uses a non-nucleophilic alkoxide-based magnesium salt and has a high oxidative decomposition potential and allows magnesium dissolution and precipitation to proceed repeatedly and stably.
- the present invention provides a magnesium battery electrolyte comprising a mixture of a compound represented by the following general formula (I), a Lewis acid and a solvent:
- Y represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom
- X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom
- R 1 may have a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group as a substituent.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents: magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl); magnesium bromideoxy group (—OMgBr); alkenyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms A group; an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group or an alkoxy group as a substituent; or a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group or an alkoxy group which may have a substituent.
- R ′ 2 and R ′ 3 each independently have a hydrogen atom; —OMgCl; —OMgBr; an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a halogeno group or an alkoxy group as a substituent.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention Since the electrolytic solution of the present invention has a higher oxidative decomposition potential than conventional electrolytic solutions, it can be used as an electrolytic solution for high-voltage magnesium batteries. Moreover, when the electrolytic solution of the present invention is used as an electrolytic solution for a magnesium secondary battery, there is an effect that dissolution and precipitation of magnesium repeatedly and stably proceeds. Furthermore, the electrolytic solution of the present invention also has excellent storage stability.
- Example 7 The graph which showed the result of having carried out 10 cycles by the CV measurement using the electrolyte solution 1 [triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution] in Example 7 is shown.
- the graph which showed the result of having carried out 10 cycles by the CV measurement using the electrolyte solution 2 [triphenylmethoxy magnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / triglyme solution] in Example 7 is shown.
- the graph which showed the result of having carried out 40 cycles by the CV measurement using the electrolyte solution 2 [triphenylmethoxy magnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / triglyme solution] in Example 7 is shown.
- Comparative Example 3 represents a graph showing the results obtained by 10 cycles CV measurement using the comparative electrolytic solution 1 [(tert-BuOMgCl) 6 -AlCl 3 / THF solution.
- Comparative Example 3 represents a graph showing the results obtained by 10 cycles CV measurement using the comparative electrolytic solution 2 [MgCl 2 -Me 2 AlCl- Bu 4 NCl / THF solution. The graph which showed the result of having carried out 10 cycles by the CV measurement using the electrolyte solution 7 [triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / THF solution] in Example 16 is shown.
- Comparative Example 5 represents a graph showing the results obtained by 10 cycles CV measurement using the comparative electrolytic solution 3 [(Me 3 SiOMgCl) 6 -AlCl 3 / THF solution.
- Y of the compound represented by the general formula (I) represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, and a silicon atom is preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) in which Y is a silicon atom exhibits better storage stability than when Y is a carbon atom.
- X of the compound represented by the general formula (I) represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and a chlorine atom is preferable.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable.
- halogeno group as the substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 include a fluoro group, a chloro group, a bromo group, and an iodo group, and a fluoro group is preferable.
- the alkyl group as a substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 is usually an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched. The shape may be circular or circular.
- the halogenoalkyl group as a substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 may be linear, branched or cyclic, but is preferably linear, and usually has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferably 1 to 3. Specific examples include a fluoroalkyl group, a chloroalkyl group, a bromoalkyl group, and the like. A fluoroalkyl group is preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group is particularly preferable.
- Perfluoromethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, perfluoro-n-propyl group, perfluoro-n-butyl group, perfluoro-n-pentyl group, and perfluoro-n-hexyl group are preferable.
- a fluoroethyl group and a perfluoro-n-propyl group are more preferable.
- the alkoxy group as the substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 usually has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, for example, a methoxy group, Examples include ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, methoxy group, ethoxy group N-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, tert-butoxy group and the like are preferable.
- aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group as a substituent in R 1 to R 3 , an aryl group having a halogeno group as a substituent, An aryl group having an alkyl group as a substituent, an aryl group having an alkoxy group as a substituent, an unsubstituted aryl group, and the like are preferable.
- the number of substituents of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms having a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group as a substituent in R 1 to R 3 is usually 1 to 7, preferably 1. ⁇ 5, more preferably 1-2.
- aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group as a substituent in R 1 to R 3 include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Fluorophenyl group chlorophenyl group, bromophenyl group, iodophenyl group, perfluorophenyl group, perchlorophenyl group, perbromophenyl group, periododophenyl group; methylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, n-propylphenyl group, isopropyl Phenyl group, n-butylphenyl group, isobutylphenyl group, sec-butylphenyl group, tert-butylphenyl group, n-pentylphenyl group, isopentylphenyl group, sec-pentylphenyl group, tert-pentylphenyl group, neopentyl Phenyl group, n-hexylpheny Group, isohexylphenyl group, sec-hexylphenyl group, tert-hexylphenyl group
- phenyl group methylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, n-propylphenyl group, isopropylphenyl group, n-butylphenyl group, isobutylphenyl group, sec-butylphenyl group, tert-butylphenyl group, n -Pentylphenyl group, isopentylphenyl group, sec-pentylphenyl group, tert-pentylphenyl group, neopentylphenyl group, n-hexylphenyl group, isohexylphenyl group, sec-hexylphenyl group, tert-hexylphenyl group, 3-methylpentylphenyl group, 2-methylpentylphenyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutylphenyl group, cyclopropylphenyl group, cyclopentylphenyl
- the alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 2 and R 3 of the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 4-pentenyl group, 3- Examples include pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 1-pentenyl group, 1-methyl-1-butenyl group, 5-hexenyl group, 4-hexenyl group, 3-hexenyl group, 2-hexenyl group, 1-hexenyl group, etc.
- a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 1-propenyl group and an isopropenyl group are preferable, and an allyl group is more preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 2 and R 3 of the compound represented by the general formula (I) preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specifically, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group Tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec-hexyl group, tert-hexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, cyclopentyl group, Examples thereof include a cyclohexyl group, and a methyl group, an ethyl
- halogeno group as a substituent of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 2 and R 3 include a fluoro group, a chloro group, a bromo group, and an iodo group, and a fluoro group is preferred.
- the alkoxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 usually has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, specifically, for example, a methoxy group, Examples include ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, methoxy group, ethoxy group N-propoxy group, isopropoxy group and the like are preferable.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group or an alkoxy group as a substituent in R 1 to R 3 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl Group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, sec-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, sec -Hexyl group, tert-hexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group; perfluoromethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, perfluoro-n- Propyl group
- R 2 and R 3 in the compound represented by the general formula (I) are a magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl); an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; or a halogeno group or an alkyl group
- magnesium chlorideoxy group (-OMgCl), vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, phenyl group, Methylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, n-propylphenyl group, isopropylphenyl group; fluoromethylphenyl group, chloromethylphenyl group, bromomethylphenyl group, iodomethylphenyl group; methoxyphenyl group, ethoxyphenyl group, n-propoxyphenyl Group, isopropoxyphenyl group, tert-butoxyphenyl group, etc., magnesium chlorideoxy group (-OMgCl), vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl Group, etc.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) include compounds represented by the following general formula (II), (I-II) or (I-III). (Wherein R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group or an alkoxy group, and n4, n5 and n6 each independently represents 0 to 5) (X and Y are the same as above.)
- R 7 represents a magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl); an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 4 , R 6 , n4, n6 and X, Y Is the same as above.
- R 8 s independently represent a magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl); an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 4 , n4, X And Y are the same as above.
- Y is preferably a silicon atom.
- X is preferably a chlorine atom.
- the halogeno group, alkyl group, halogenoalkyl group, or alkoxy group in R 4 , R 5, and R 6 is preferably a halogeno group, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group. Specific examples thereof include the same as those described as the substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 , and preferable examples thereof are also the same.
- n4, n5, and n6 are preferably 0-2.
- alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the above R 7 and R 8 include the alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 2 and R 3 , respectively.
- the same thing as the alkyl group of 6 is mentioned, A preferable thing is also the same.
- R 7 is preferably a magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl) or an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Lewis acids include beryllium (Be), boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt ( Co) is included as an element.
- beryllium compounds such as beryllium fluoride (II), beryllium chloride (II), and beryllium bromide (II); boron chloride (III), boron fluoride (III), boron bromide (III), tri Boron compounds such as phenoxyborane, phenyldichloroborane, triphenylborane; aluminum chloride (III), aluminum bromide (III), aluminum iodide (III), dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride Aluminum compounds such as trimethylaluminum and triethylaluminum; silyl compounds such as trimethylsilyl triflate, trimethylsilyliodo, tert-butyldimethylsilyl triflate and triisopropylsilyl triflate; tin chloride (IV , Tin compounds such as tin
- a boron compound or an aluminum compound is preferable, and an aluminum compound is more preferable.
- aluminum chloride (III), methylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, boron chloride (III) and the like are preferable, and aluminum chloride (III) is particularly preferable.
- solvent As the solvent according to the present invention, those capable of dissolving the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention are preferable.
- solvents include ether solvents, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, carbonate solvents, nitrile solvents, sulfone solvents, and the like.
- ether solvent examples include diethyl ether, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, and t-butyl.
- halogenated hydrocarbon solvent include dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and the like.
- carbonate solvent examples include dimethyl carbonate.
- nitrile solvents include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succino
- sulfone solvent examples include sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, methyl-n-propyl sulfone, methyl isopropyl sulfone, n-butyl-methyl sulfone, and isobutyl methyl.
- ether solvents, sulfone solvents and the like are preferable, specifically, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, sulfolane are particularly preferable, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, Tetrahydrofuran is particularly preferred.
- the solvent according to the present invention may be a mixture of two or more of the above solvents.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is obtained by mixing the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention and the Lewis acid according to the present invention in the solvent according to the present invention.
- the concentration of the compound represented by the general formula (I) in the electrolytic solution is usually 0.1 to 5 mol / mL, preferably 0.1 to 3 mol / mL, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mol / mL.
- the amount of Lewis acid used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is usually 0.1 to 5 mol times, preferably 0.1 to 3 mol times that of the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains additives such as a film forming agent, an overcharge inhibitor, an oxygen scavenger, a dehydrating agent, a flame retardant and the like and a coordinating additive such as crown ether, which are usually used in this field. Also good.
- Such an electrolytic solution of the present invention can be used for a magnesium battery, and in the case of a magnesium secondary battery, it exhibits a high oxidative decomposition potential and can be used stably and repeatedly.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is produced by dissolving (mixing) the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention and the Lewis acid according to the present invention in the solvent according to the present invention. More specifically, 0.1 to 5 mol of the Lewis acid according to the present invention is used with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention, and the concentration is adjusted to the above concentration. It is manufactured by adding to such a solvent and mixing. In addition, it may be heated or cooled in the range of ⁇ 78 to 300 ° C. as necessary during mixing, preferably 0 to 70 ° C.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- a primary battery, a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor and the like can be mentioned, and among them, a secondary battery is preferable.
- the positive electrode in the electrochemical device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can contain magnesium or magnesium ions inside, on the surface and in the vicinity thereof.
- an oxide containing cobalt, manganese, vanadium, aluminum, iron, silicon, phosphorus, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, or the like, or an electrode containing sulfide as an active material can be given.
- the positive electrode may contain an active material capable of adsorbing and storing magnesium such as sulfur or magnesium ions, an organic chemical substance having high oxidizing power, and a material forming an electric double layer such as porous carbon or activated carbon.
- magnesium may be included in an oxidized form.
- the negative electrode in the electrochemical device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can contain magnesium or magnesium ions inside, on the surface, or in the vicinity thereof.
- Specific examples include metal magnesium capable of dissolving and precipitating magnesium, a magnesium alloy, a metal that can be alloyed with magnesium, a carbon material capable of intercalating magnesium or magnesium ions, and the like.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention may further have a separator in addition to the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the separator is not particularly limited as long as it electrically insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and can permeate magnesium ions, and examples thereof include a microporous polymer film such as a porous polyolefin film.
- Specific examples of the porous polyolefin film include, for example, a porous polyethylene film alone or a multilayer film obtained by superposing a porous polyethylene film and a porous polypropylene film.
- X of the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and a chlorine atom is preferable.
- R ′ 1 of the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) represents a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have an alkoxy group as a substituent
- Specific examples and preferable examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group as a substituent include R of the compound represented by the general formula (I). The same thing as 1 is mentioned.
- R ′ 2 and R ′ 3 in the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) are each independently selected from: a magnesium chlorideoxy group (—OMgCl); an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a halogeno group or an alkoxy group.
- An alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogeno group or an alkoxy group as a substituent; and a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group is substituted.
- Specific examples and preferred examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be present as a group include the same as R 2 and R 3 of the compound represented by the general formula (I).
- Preferable specific examples of R ′ 2 and R ′ 3 include the same as R 2 and R 3 of the compound represented by the general formula (I).
- the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) include, for example, a magnesium bromide compound, specifically, triphenylsiloxymagnesium bromide; tris (2-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (3- Methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (4-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (2,2-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (3,3-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (2,3- Dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (2,4-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (3,4-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide, tris (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium bromide , Tris (2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenyl, Tri
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) include, for example, a magnesium chloride compound, specifically, triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride; tris (2-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris ( 3-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (4-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (2,2-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (3,3-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (2, 3-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (2,4-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (3,4-dimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium Loride, Tris (2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (2,
- the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) is preferably the above magnesium chloride compound, among which triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride, tris (2-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, tris (3-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (4-methylphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (2-fluorophenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (3-fluorophenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (4-fluorophenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (2-methoxyphenyl) ) Siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (3-methoxyphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Tris (4-methoxyphenyl) siloxymagnesium chloride, Dimethylphenylsiloxy Magnesium chloride, diphenylsilane dioxy bis (magnesium chloride) and the like are preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) may be a coordination body, for example, a coordination body formed with the solvent according to the present invention.
- a coordination body formed with the solvent according to the present invention.
- THF it is estimated that the following dimeric coordination body is formed.
- X, R ′ 1 , R ′ 2 and R ′ 3 are the same as above.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I ′) can be obtained, for example, by reacting a silanol compound represented by the following general formula (II ′) with a Grignard reagent in an appropriate solvent.
- a silanol compound represented by the following general formula (II ′) with a Grignard reagent in an appropriate solvent.
- R ′ 1 to R ′ 3 are the same as above
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (II ′) include those according to the specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I ′), and preferred compounds represented by the general formula (I ′) are also exemplified. The thing according to these preferable things is mentioned.
- the compound represented by the general formula (II ′) a commercially available product or a product produced by a method known per se may be used.
- a method known per se for example, after producing a compound represented by the following general formula (III ′) according to the method described in PaulPaD. Price et al, Dalton Tarnsactions, (2), 271-282, 2008 The compound is subjected to an oxidation method known per se.
- Examples of the Grignard reagent include a compound represented by RMgX (R represents a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a substituted phenyl group, and X is the same as above).
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R include the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 2 and R 3 .
- Examples of the substituent of the alkyl group and the phenyl group in R include a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a halogenoalkyl group, or an alkoxy group, and specific examples thereof include the substituent of the aryl group in R 1 . The same as the person who explained it.
- the amount of the Grignard reagent used in the reaction of the silanol compound represented by the general formula (II ′) and the Grignard reagent is usually 0.5 to 2 mol relative to 1 mol of the compound represented by the general formula (II ′), The amount is preferably 0.5 to 1 mol.
- the reaction temperature between the silanol compound represented by the general formula (II ′) and the Grignard reagent is usually ⁇ 78 to 80 ° C., and the reaction time is usually 5 seconds to 5 hours.
- the reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen, and more preferably performed in an argon atmosphere.
- any solvent may be used as long as at least one of the silanol compound represented by the general formula (II ′) or the Grignard reagent is dissolved, and a solvent capable of dissolving both is preferable.
- Specific examples include the same solvents as the above-mentioned present invention, among which diethyl ether, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. , Ether solvents such as triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, and the like, preferably tetrahydrofuran. In addition, you may wash
- solvents such as diisopropyl ether
- the compound represented by formula (I ′) is produced, for example, as follows. That is, the silanol compound represented by the general formula (II ′) is dissolved in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran under an argon gas atmosphere. Further, a tetrahydrofuran solution or the like in which 0.1 to 2 mol of phenylmagnesium chloride is dissolved is added dropwise with respect to 1 mol of the silanol compound, and the mixture is reacted for 5 seconds to 5 hours. If necessary, the reaction solution is concentrated and dried to obtain a solid, and the resulting solid is washed with a solvent such as diisopropyl ether and dried to produce the compound represented by the general formula (I ′). Is done.
- Example 1 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 1
- benzophenone manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the solution was dissolved in 20 ml, and 20 ml (40 mmol) of a THF solution (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) of 2M phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl) was added dropwise. After stirring for 4 hours, the crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 COMgCl).
- Example 2 Preparation of Electrolyte 2 Under an argon gas atmosphere, 1.60 g (5 mmol) of triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 COMgCl) obtained in (1) of Example 1 was mixed with 20 ml of triglyme and heated to 50 ° C. After that, 0.17 g (1.25 mmol) of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) was added. After maintaining at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, the solution was cooled and filtered to obtain an electrolytic solution 2 [triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / triglyme solution].
- Example 3 Preparation of Electrolyte 3 Under an argon gas atmosphere, 1.60 g (5 mmol) of triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 COMgCl) obtained in (1) of Example 1 was mixed with 20 ml of THF and heated to 35 ° C. Then, 0.48 g (5 mmol) of dimethylaluminum chloride (Me 2 AlCl) (concentrated hexane solution manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) was added. After maintaining at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, the mixture was cooled to obtain electrolytic solution 3 [triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride-dimethylaluminum chloride / THF solution].
- triphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride Ph 3 COMgCl
- Example 4 Preparation of Electrolyte 4 (1) Synthesis of Magnesium Salt Under an argon gas atmosphere, a THF solution (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in a THF solution (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) with a concentration of 2M phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl) was added. 30 ml of Kojun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added, and 1.28 g (22 mmol) of acetone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added dropwise. After stirring for 2 hours, the crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain dimethylphenylmethoxymagnesium chloride (Me 2 PhCOMgCl).
- Example 5 Preparation of electrolyte solution 5 Under an argon gas atmosphere, 7.29 g (40 mmol) of benzophenone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in 20 ml of THF (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the concentration was 1M. 40 ml (40 mmol) of a THF solution (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) of allylmagnesium chloride ((C 3 H 5 ) MgCl) was added dropwise and stirred for 4 hours.
- Example 6 Preparation of Electrolyte 6 Under Argon Gas Atmosphere, 4.36 g (20 mmol) of 4,4-difluorobenzophenone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) After dissolving in 15 ml, 10 ml (20 mmol) of a THF solution (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) of phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl) at a concentration of 2M was added dropwise and stirred for 4 hours.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Comparative Example 1 Preparation of Comparative Electrolyte 1 Under Argon Gas Atmosphere, 2M Concentrated Ethyl Magnesium Chloride (EtMgCl) in THF (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 10ml (20mmol) and THF (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 10 ml) was mixed, and 1.48 g (20 mmol) of tert-butanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added dropwise.
- EtMgCl Ethyl Magnesium Chloride
- Comparative Electrolytic Solution 1 [(tert-BuOMgCl) 6 -AlCl 3 / THF solution].
- Comparative Example 2 Preparation of Comparative Electrolytic Solution 2
- 0.5 g (5.3 mmol) of magnesium chloride manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 21 ml of THF manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Dimethylaluminum chloride (Me 2 AlCl) (Concentrated hexane solution manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) 0.97 g (10.5 mmol) was added dropwise, and then tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu 4 NCl) (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 1.46 g (5.3 mmol) was added.
- the mixture was cooled to obtain Comparative Electrolytic Solution 2 [MgCl 2 -Me 2 AlCl—Bu 4 NCl / THF solution].
- Example 7 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement of Various Electrolytic Solutions Using the electrolytic solutions 1 to 6, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement was performed (Example 7). Similarly, CV measurement was performed using Comparative Electrolytic Solutions 1 and 2 (Comparative Example 3). Specifically, the CV measurement was performed as follows. That is, using a 3-pole beaker cell, platinum electrode (diameter 3 mm; manufactured by BAS) as working electrode, Mg rod (diameter 1.6 mm; manufactured by Niraco) as counter electrode, and Mg rod (diameter 1.6 mm; Niraco) as reference electrode Used).
- the results of the oxidative decomposition potential (10th cycle) of each electrolytic solution are shown in the following table.
- the results of the 10th cycle of the electrolytic solution 1 are shown in FIG. 1
- the results of the 10th and 40th cycles of the electrolytic solution 2 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively, and the results of the 10th cycle of the comparative electrolytic solutions 1 and 2 are shown.
- the horizontal axis in the figure represents the potential of the working electrode based on the potential of the reference electrode
- the vertical axis (mA / cm 2 ) represents the current obtained by dividing the current value observed at each potential by the surface area of the working electrode. Represents density.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention has an oxidative decomposition potential of +2.8 V to +3.4 V, and can be used at a high voltage equal to or higher than that of the conventional method. Furthermore, from the results of FIG. 3, it was found that the electrolytic solution 2 can be used stably without deterioration even after dissolution and precipitation of magnesium 40 times.
- Comparative Electrolytic Solution 2 [(t-BuOMgCl) 6 -AlCl 3 in THF] is an electrolytic solution described in J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 581-584 (Non-patent Document 3). .
- Non-patent Document 3 Non-patent Document 3
- CV measurement using the electrolytic solution it was confirmed that the oxidative decomposition potential was +2.4 V almost as per the literature value.
- the copper plate surface was confirmed by SEM, and as a result, the deposition of magnesium was confirmed.
- elemental analysis of magnesium, aluminum, copper, chlorine, carbon, and oxygen was performed by EDS (energy dispersive X-ray analysis), and it was also confirmed that the precipitate was magnesium.
- Example 8 Preparation of Electrolyte 7 (1) Synthesis of Magnesium Salt Under an argon gas atmosphere, 11.1 g (40 mmol) of triphenylsilanol (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). 20 ml (40 mmol) of a THF solution (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) with a concentration of 2M phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl) was added dropwise and stirred for 1 hour.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 SiOMgCl) 3.35 g (10 mmol) was mixed with 40 ml of THF (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and heated to 50 ° C. Then, 1.33 g (10 mmol) of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added. After maintaining at 50 ° C. for 10 minutes, the mixture was cooled and filtered after 1 week to obtain an electrolytic solution 7 [triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / THF solution].
- Example 9 Preparation of Electrolyte 8 Under an argon gas atmosphere, THF (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 0.84 g (2.5 mmol) of triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 SiOMgCl) obtained in Example 8 (1). 10 ml was mixed, and 0.5 ml (0.5 mmol) of a solution of trichloroborane (BCl 3 ) in dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) (made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) having a concentration of 1M was added dropwise at room temperature. After heating and maintaining at 50 ° C.
- THF manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Example 10 Preparation of Electrolyte 9 Triglyme (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 0.84 g (2.5 mmol) of triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride (Ph 3 SiOMgCl) obtained in Example 8 (1) under an argon gas atmosphere. After mixing 10 ml and heating to 50 ° C., 0.33 g (2.5 mmol) of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added. After maintaining at 50 ° C. for 10 minutes, the mixture was cooled and filtered after 1 week to obtain an electrolytic solution 9 [triphenylsiloxymagnesium chloride-aluminum chloride / triglyme solution].
- Example 11 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 10
- Tris (4-methylphenyl) silanol A THF solution of 1.0-methylphenylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was placed in a 1000 mL flask under a nitrogen atmosphere. mL (288 mmol) was added. Thereafter, a solution obtained by dissolving 12.2 g (90 mmol) of trichlorosilane (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in 302 mL of THF was added dropwise over 1 hour while keeping the temperature of the solution in the flask at 35 ° C. or lower.
- the mixed solution was passed through 60 g of silica gel C-200 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the by-product manganese oxide was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product of tris (4-methylphenyl) silanol.
- the obtained crude product was dissolved in 30 mL of dichloromethane (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 60 mL of n-hexane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and concentrated under reduced pressure to crystallize.
- the precipitated white solid was filtered and washed with n-hexane (10 mL).
- Example 12 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 11 (1) Synthesis of Tris (4-fluoro) silanol A THF solution of 1.0-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was placed in a 1000 mL flask under a nitrogen atmosphere. 288 mL (288 mmol) was added. Thereafter, a solution obtained by dissolving 12.2 g (90 mmol) of trichlorosilane (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in 302 mL of THF was added dropwise over 1 hour while keeping the temperature of the solution in the flask at 35 ° C. or lower.
- 1.0-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide 1.0 M, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Example 13 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 12
- Tris (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) silanol In a 2000 mL flask, 6.36 g (0.262 mol) of Mg scraped (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and iodine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 10 mg) was added and dried under reduced pressure for 1 hour. Furthermore, 222 mL of tetrahydrofuran (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the obtained crude product was dissolved in 50 mL of diisopropyl ether (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 30 ml of ethanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), concentrated under reduced pressure, and crystallized.
- the precipitated white solid was filtered and washed with ethanol (30 mL).
- the obtained solid was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 28.7 g (65.0 mmol, yield 87%, white solid) of tris (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) silane.
- the mixed solution was passed through 60 g of silica gel C-200 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the by-product manganese oxide was filtered.
- the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product of tris (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) silanol.
- the obtained crude product was dissolved in 20 mL of dichloromethane (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 30 mL of n-hexane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), concentrated and crystallized.
- the precipitated white solid was filtered and washed with n-hexane (30 mL).
- Example 14 Preparation of Electrolysis 13 (1) Synthesis of Magnesium Salt Under an argon gas atmosphere, 4.57 g (30 mmol) of dimethylphenylsilanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). 15 ml (30 mmol) of a THF solution of phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl) having a concentration of 2M (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added dropwise and stirred for 1 hour.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Example 15 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 14
- diphenylsilanediol Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- RhMgCl phenylmagnesium chloride
- Comparative Example 4 Preparation of Comparative Electrolytic Solution 3 Trimethylsilanol (Me 3 SiOH) (5 mmol (10 mmol) in 2M concentration of ethyl magnesium chloride (EtMgCl) in THF (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) under an argon gas atmosphere ( 0.90 g (10 mmol) (Aldrich) was added dropwise and air-cooled. At room temperature, 0.22 g (1.67 mmol) of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added and stirred for 1 hour. Comparative electrolyte 3 [(Me 3 SiOMgCl) 6 -AlCl 3 / THF Solution] was obtained.
- Example 16 Preparation of Electrolytic Solution 15 (1) Synthesis of Magnesium Salt Under an argon gas atmosphere, 5.53 g (20 mmol) of triphenylsilanol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The product was dissolved in 20 ml, and 10 ml (10 mmol) of a THF solution of phenylmagnesium bromide (PhMgBr) having a concentration of 1M (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added dropwise and reacted for 1 hour.
- PhMgBr phenylmagnesium bromide
- triphenylsiloxymagnesium bromide (Ph 3 SiOMgBr)) 0.95 g was mixed with 10 ml of THF (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), heated to 50 ° C., and then chlorinated. 0.33 g (2.5 mmol) of aluminum (AlCl 3 ) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added. After maintaining at 50 ° C. for 10 minutes, the mixture was cooled and filtered to obtain an electrolytic solution 15 [triphenylsiloxymagnesium bromide-aluminum chloride / THF solution].
- Example 17 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement of Various Electrolytic Solutions Using the electrolytic solutions 7 to 15, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 (Example 17). . Similarly, CV measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 using the comparative electrolytic solution 3 (Comparative Example 5).
- the results of the oxidative decomposition potential of each electrolytic solution are shown in Table 2 below.
- the result of the 10th cycle of the electrolytic solution 7 is shown in FIG. 6, and the result of the 10th cycle of the comparative electrolytic solution 3 is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in the figure represents the potential of the working electrode based on the potential of the reference electrode, and the vertical axis (mA / cm 2 ) represents the current obtained by dividing the current value observed at each potential by the surface area of the working electrode. Represents density.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention using a silicon compound has an oxidative decomposition potential of +2.8 V to +3.2 V, which is higher than the conventional method, and can be used at a high voltage. I found it possible. Moreover, about the electrolyte solution 7, CV measurement was performed using the thing after 1 month preservation
Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明は、非求核的なアルコキシド系マグネシウム塩を用いて、酸化分解電位が高く、マグネシウムの溶解析出が繰り返し安定して進行する電解液の提供を目的とする。
(式中、Yは炭素原子又はケイ素原子を表し、Xは塩素原子又は臭素原子を表し、R1は、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、;マグネシウムクロリドオキシ基(-OMgCl);マグネシウムブロミドオキシ基(-OMgBr);炭素数1~6のアルケニル基;ハロゲノ基又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基;或いは、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表す。)」、「上記電解液、正極及び負極を含む電気化学デバイス」及び「下記一般式(I’)で示される化合物:
(式中、Xは塩素原子又は臭素原子を表し、R’1は、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、R’2及びR’3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子;-OMgCl;-OMgBr;炭素数1~6のアルケニル基;ハロゲノ基又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基;或いは、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表す。)」に関する。
一般式(I)で示される化合物のYは、炭素原子又はケイ素原子を表し、ケイ素原子が好ましい。Yがケイ素原子である一般式(I)で示される化合物は、Yが炭素原子の場合よりも更に優れた保存安定性を示す。
(式中、R4、R5及びR6は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を表し、n4、n5、及びn6は、それぞれ独立して0~5の整数を表す。X、Yは上記と同じ。)
本発明に係るルイス酸は、ベリリウム(Be)、ホウ素(B)、アルミニウム(Al)、ケイ素(Si)、スズ(Sn)、チタン(Ti)、クロム(Cr)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)を元素として含むものである。具体的には、フッ化ベリリウム(II)、塩化ベリリウム(II)、臭化ベリリウム(II)等のベリリウム化合物;塩化ホウ素(III)、フッ化ホウ素(III)、臭化ホウ素(III)、トリフェノキシボラン、フェニルジクロロボラン、トリフェニルボラン等のホウ素化合物;塩化アルミニウム(III)、臭化アルミニウム(III)、ヨウ化アルミニウム(III)、ジメチルアルミニウムクロリド、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド、メチルアルミニウムジクロリド、エチルアルミニウムジクロリド、トリメチルアルミニウム、トリエチルアルミニウム等のアルミニウム化合物;トリメチルシリルトリフラート、トリメチルシリルヨード、tert-ブチルジメチルシリルトリフラートまたはトリイソプロピルシリルトリフラート等のシリル化合物;塩化スズ(IV)、臭化スズ(IV)、塩化スズ(II)、スズ(II)トリフラート等のスズ化合物;塩化チタン(IV)、フッ化チタン(IV)、臭化チタン(IV)、ヨウ化チタン(IV)等のチタン化合物;フッ化クロム(II)、フッ化クロム(III)、塩化クロム(II)、塩化クロム(III)、臭化クロム(II)、臭化クロム(III)、ヨウ化クロム(II)、ヨウ化クロム(III)等のクロム化合物;フッ化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(III)、臭化鉄鉄(II)、ヨウ化鉄(II)等の鉄化合物;又は、フッ化コバルト(II)、塩化コバルト(II)、臭化コバルト(II)、ヨウ化コバルト(II)等のコバルト化合物が挙げられる。
本発明に係る溶媒としては、上記本発明に係る一般式(I)で示される化合物を溶解し得るものが好ましい。このような溶媒としては例えばエーテル系溶媒、ハロゲン化炭化水素系溶媒、カーボネート系溶媒、ニトリル系溶媒、スルホン系溶媒等が挙げられる。
上記具体例の中でも、エーテル系溶媒、スルホン系溶媒等が好ましく、具体的には、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、ジグライム、トリグライム、テトラグライム、テトラヒドロフラン、スルホランが特に好ましく、ジグライム、トリグライム、テトラグライム、テトラヒドロフランが特に好ましい。
本発明にかかる溶媒は、上記溶媒2種以上を混合したものであってもよい。
本発明の電解液は、本発明に係る一般式(I)で示される化合物と本発明に係るルイス酸とを本発明にかかる溶媒に混合してなるものである。
本発明の電気化学デバイスは、正極と負極と本発明の電解液を有するものである。具体的には、一次電池、二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ等が挙げられ、中でも二次電池が好ましい。
一般式(I’)で示される化合物のXは、塩素原子又は臭素原子を表し、塩素原子が好ましい。
R’2及びR’3の好ましい具体例は、一般式(I)で示される化合物のR2及びR3と同じものが挙げられる。
(式中、X、R’1、R’2及びR’3は、上記と同じ。)
一般式(I’)で示される化合物は、例えば下記一般式(II’)で示されるシラノール化合物とグリニャール試薬とを適当な溶媒中で反応させることにより得ることができる。
(式中、R’1~R’3は上記と同じ)
一般式(II’)で示される化合物の具体例は、上記一般式(I’)で示される化合物の具体例に準じたものが挙げられ、好ましいものも一般式(I’)で示される化合物の好ましいものに準じたものが挙げられる。
一般式(III’)で示される化合物の具体例は、上記一般式(I’)で示される化合物の具体例に準じたものが挙げられ、好ましいものも一般式(I’)で示される化合物の好ましいものに準じたものが挙げられる。
Rにおける炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、R2及びR3におけるにおける炭素数1~6のアルキル基と同じものが挙げられる。Rにおけるアルキル基とフェニル基の置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基等が挙げられ、その具体例としては、R1におけるアリール基の置換基の項で説明した者と同じものが挙げられる。
一般式(II’)で示されるシラノール化合物とグリニャール試薬の反応で用いられるグリニャール試薬の使用量は、一般式(II’)で示される化合物1モルに対して、通常0.5~2モル、好ましくは0.5~1モルである。
尚、得られた反応物は、濃縮乾燥後、必要に応じてジイソプロピルエーテル等の溶媒で洗浄しても構わない。
即ち、アルゴンガス雰囲気下、上記一般式(II’)で示されるシラノール化合物をテトラヒドロフラン等の溶媒に溶解する。更に、シラノール化合物1モルに対して0.1~2モルのフェニルマグネシウムクロリドを溶解したテトラヒドロフラン溶液等を滴下して、5秒~5時間反応させる。必要に応じて、反応溶液を濃縮乾燥等の固体を得る操作を行い、得られた固体をジイソプロピルエーテル等の溶媒で洗浄し、乾燥することにより、一般式(I’)で示される化合物は製造される。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ベンゾフェノン(和光純薬工業(株)製)7.29g(40mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 20ml(40mmol)を滴下した。4時間攪拌した後、結晶をろ取乾燥し、トリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3COMgCl)を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、上記トリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3COMgCl) 1.60g(5mmol)をTHF 20mlに混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) 0.67g(5mmol)を添加した。50℃で5分間維持した後、冷却ろ過して電解液1[トリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、実施例1の(1)で得たトリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3COMgCl) 1.60g(5mmol)をトリグライム20mlに混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) 0.17g(1.25mmol)を添加した。50℃で5分間維持した後、冷却ろ過して電解液2[トリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/トリグライム溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、実施例1の(1)で得たトリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3COMgCl) 1.60g(5mmol)をTHF 20mlに混合し、35℃に加熱した後、ジメチルアルミニウムクロリド(Me2AlCl) (関東化学(株)製ヘキサン溶液を濃縮) 0.48g(5mmol)を添加した。50℃で5分間維持した後、冷却して電解液3[トリフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド-ジメチルアルミニウムクロリド/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 10ml(20mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)30mlを加え、アセトン(和光純薬工業(株)製)1.28g(22mmol)を滴下した。2時間攪拌した後、結晶をろ取乾燥し、ジメチルフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Me2PhCOMgCl)を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ジメチルフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド(Me2PhCOMgCl)0.97g(5mmol)にTHFを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)0.17g(1.25mmol)を添加した。50℃で5分間維持した後、冷却して電解液4[ジメチルフェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ベンゾフェノン(和光純薬工業(株)製)7.29g(40mmol)をTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlに溶解した後、濃度1Mのアリルマグネシウムクロリド((C3H5)MgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 40ml(40mmol)を滴下して4時間攪拌した。得られた溶液12ml(8mmol)に対し、室温で塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)0.17g(2mmol)を添加して1時間攪拌し、電解液5[1,1-ジフェニル-1-(2-プロペニル)メトキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、4,4-ジフルオロベンゾフェノン(和光純薬工業(株)製)4.36g(20mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)15mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 10ml(20mmol)を滴下して4時間攪拌した。得られた溶液6.8ml(5mmol)を40℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)0.67g(5mmol)を添加して冷却し、電解液6[1,1-ジ(4-フルオロフェニル)-1-フェニルメトキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、濃度2Mのエチルマグネシウムクロリド(EtMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 10ml(20mmol)とTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを混合し、tert-ブタノール(和光純薬工業(株)製)1.48g(20mmol)を滴下した。その後、塩化アルミニウム(和光純薬工業(株)製)0.44g(3.3mmol)を添加攪拌し、比較例電解液1[(tert-BuOMgCl)6-AlCl3/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、塩化マグネシウム(和光純薬工業(株)製)0.5g(5.3mmol)をTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)21mlに溶解し、ジメチルアルミニウムクロリド(Me2AlCl) (関東化学(株)製ヘキサン溶液を濃縮) 0.97g(10.5mmol)を滴下した後、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド(Bu4NCl)(東京化成工業(株)製)1.46g(5.3mmol)を加えた。60℃で2日間攪拌した後、冷却して比較電解液2[MgCl2-Me2AlCl-Bu4NCl/THF溶液]を得た。
電解液1~6を用いて、サイクリックボルタンメトリー(CV)測定を行った(実施例7)。また、同様に、比較電解液1及び2を用いてCV測定を行った(比較例3)。
CV測定は、具体的には以下の如く行った。即ち、3極式のビーカーセルを用い、作用極に白金電極(直径3mm ;BAS社製)、対極にMgロッド(直径1.6mm;ニラコ社製)、参照極にMgロッド(直径1.6mm;ニラコ社製)を使用した。ビーカーには電解液2mlを加え、室温下(25℃)、5mV/sの掃引速度で-1.5~3.5Vの範囲の測定を行った。該測定には、電気化学測定システム(BioLogic社製)を使用した。
また、電解液1の10サイクル目の結果を図1に、電解液2の10サイクル目と40サイクル目の結果をそれぞれ図2及び図3に、比較電解液1及び2の10サイクル目の結果を図4及び5に示す。なお、図中の横軸は、参照極の電位を基準とした作用極の電位を表し、縦軸(mA/cm2)は各電位において観測された電流値を作用極の表面積で割った電流密度を表す。
電解液1のサイクリックボルタンメトリー(CV)測定における電流がMgの溶解析出に伴う結果なのかをSEM(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)で確認した。
具体的には、3極式のビーカーセルを用い、作用極に銅板(厚さ0.1mm ;ニラコ社製)、対極にMgロッド(直径1.6mm;ニラコ社製)、参照極にMgロッド(直径1.6mm;ニラコ社製)を使用した。ビーカーには実施例1の電解液2mlを加え、室温下(25℃)、電流値0.1mAで5時間、銅板上へマグネシウムを析出させた。該実験には、電気化学測定システム(BioLogic社製)を使用した。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリフェニルシラノール(東京化成工業(株)製)11.1g(40mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 20ml(40mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じた粉体をジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)70mlで洗浄した。粉体をろ取乾燥し、トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3SiOMgCl)を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm):7.25-7.80(m, 15H)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3SiOMgCl)3.35g(10mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)40mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)1.33g(10mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後、冷却し、1週間後にろ過して電解液7[トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、実施例8(1)で得たトリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3SiOMgCl)0.84g(2.5mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを混合し、室温で濃度1Mのトリクロロボラン(BCl3)のジクロロメタン(CH2Cl2)溶液(和光純薬工業製)0.5ml(0.5mmol)を滴下した。加熱して50℃で10分維持した後に濃縮し、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを加えた。得られた溶液8ml(2mmol)を50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.21g(1.6mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後、冷却して電解液8[トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム-トリクロロボラン/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、実施例8(1)で得たトリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Ph3SiOMgCl)0.84g(2.5mmol)にトリグライム(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.33g(2.5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後、冷却し、1週間後にろ過して電解液9[トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/トリグライム溶液]を得た。
(1)トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シラノール
窒素雰囲気下、1000 mLフラスコに4-メチルフェニルマグネシウムブロミドのTHF溶液(1.0 M, 東京化成工業(株)製)を288 mL (288 mmol) 加えた。その後、トリクロロシラン(東京化成工業(株)製)12.2 g (90 mmol)をTHF 302 mLに溶解した溶液を、フラスコ内の溶液の温度を35℃以下に保ちながら1時間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに室温で2時間撹拌し、反応させた。反応終了後、塩酸(1.0 M)45 mLを滴下し中和した。次いで、ジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)を450 mL加えて分液した。さらに有機層を塩酸(1.0 M)45 mLで洗浄し、分液した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウム 30 g (和光純薬工業(株)製)を加えて乾燥した。硫酸マグネシウムをろ過後、濾液を減圧濃縮し、トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シランの粗体を得た。さらに粗体をジイソプロピルエーテル 50 mLとエタノール 50 ml に溶解した後、減圧濃縮して晶析した。析出した白色固体を濾過後、エタノール(60 mL)で洗浄した。得られた固体を減圧乾燥することで、トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シラン 20.44 g (67.6 mmol, 収率75 %, 白色固体)を得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 2.36 (s, 9H, Me), 5.41 (s, 1H, SiH), 7.18 (d, 6H, J=8.2 Hz, Ar), 7.46 (d, 6H, J=8.2 Hz, Ar)
1H-NMR (400 MHz, C6D6) (ppm) : 1.89 (s, 1H, SiOH), 2.10 (s, 9H, Me), 7.06 (d, 6H, J=8.2 Hz, Ar), 7.68 (d, 6H, J=8.2 Hz, Ar)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、得られたトリス(4-メチルフェニル)シラノール 2.55g(8mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)12mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 3.8ml(7.6mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じた粉体をジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)30mlで洗浄した。粉体をろ取乾燥し、トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((4-Me-C6H4)3SiOMgCl) を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 2.33(s,9H) 7.14-7.17 (d,6H,J=7.0Hz) 7.58-7.61 (d,6H,J=7.0Hz)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((4-Me-C6H4)3SiOMgCl)0.94g(2.5mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)(和光純薬工業(株)製)0.33g(2.5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後に冷却し、電解液10[トリス(4-メチルフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)トリス(4-フルオロ)シラノールの合成
窒素雰囲気下、1000 mLフラスコに4-フルオロフェニルマグネシウムブロミドのTHF溶液(1.0 M, 東京化成工業(株)製)を288 mL (288 mmol) 加えた。その後、トリクロロシラン(東京化成工業(株)製)12.2 g (90 mmol)をTHF 302 mLに溶解した溶液を、フラスコ内の溶液の温度を35℃以下に保ちながら1時間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに室温で2時間撹拌し、反応させた。反応終了後、塩酸(1.0 M)45 mLを滴下し中和した。次いで、ジイソプロピルエーテルを450 mL加えて分液した。さらに有機層を塩酸(1.0 M)45 mLで洗浄し、分液した。得られた有機層に硫酸マグネシウム 30 g (和光純薬工業(株)製)を加えて乾燥した。硫酸マグネシウムをろ過後、濾液を減圧濃縮し、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シランの粗体を得た。さらに粗体にn-ペンタン(和光純薬工業(株)製) 30 mLを加え、オイルアウトした着色成分のみスポイトで除去した。残った溶液を減圧濃縮した。析出した固体を濾過し、エタノール30 mLで洗浄した。得られた白色固体を減圧乾燥し、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シラン 22.68 g (72.1 mmol, 収率 80 %, 白色固体)を得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5.44 (s, 1H, SiH), 7.05-7.11 (m, 6H, Ar), 7.47-7.52 (m, 6H, Ar)
次いで、窒素雰囲気下、得られたトリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シラン 6.29 g (20 mmol)とTHF 375 mLを1000 mLフラスコに加えた。さらに、過マンガン酸カリウム(和光純薬工業(株)製) 3.32 g (21 mmol)とイオン交換水 (3.8 ml)を加えた。超音波洗浄機(US-2, アズワン社製)を用いてフラスコに超音波を掛けながら、室温以下の温度を保ちつつ4時間撹拌し反応させた。反応終了後、混合液をシリカゲルC-200(和光純薬工業(株)製)60 gを通し、副生成物の酸化マンガンを濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮し、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シラノールの粗体を得た。シリカゲルカラム(展開溶媒: 酢酸エチル/n-ヘキサン=1/9、(酢酸エチル、n-ヘキサン共に和光純薬工業(株)製))で精製後、減圧乾燥し、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シラノール 2.55 g (7.72 mmol, 収率39 %, 白色固体)を得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ:2.50 (s, 1H, SiOH), 7.07-7.14 (m, 6H, Ar), 7.54-7.60 (m, 6H, Ar)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、得られたトリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シラノール 2.15g(6.5mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)19.5mlに溶解し、-78度で濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 3.1ml(6.2mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じたオイルにヘキサン(和光純薬工業(株)製)50ml、ジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)30mlを加え、粉体を生成させた。粉体をろ取乾燥し、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((4-F-C6H4)3SiOMgCl) を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 7.06-7.11 (t,6H,J=8.8Hz) 7.64-7.68 (t,6H,J=7.0Hz)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((4-F-C6H4)3SiOMgCl)0.86g(2.2mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)8.8mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.29g(2.2mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後に冷却し、電解液11[トリス(4-フルオロフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)トリス(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)シラノールの合成
2000 mLフラスコに、Mg削り状(和光純薬工業社製)6.36 g (0.262 mol)とヨウ素(和光純薬工業社製)10 mgを加えて1時間減圧乾燥した。さらに、窒素雰囲気下、テトラヒドロフラン(和光純薬工業社製)222 mLを加えた。次いで、1-ブロモ-3, 5-ジメトキシベンゼン(東京化成工業社製)52.1 g(0.240 mol)をテトラヒドロフラン(和光純薬工業社製)274 mLに溶解した溶液を、1.5時間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、室温で1時間撹拌した。さらにトリクロロシラン(東京化成工業社製)10.2 g (0.075 mol)をテトラヒドロフラン(和光純薬工業社製) 252 mLに溶解した溶液を、フラスコ内の温度を35℃以下に保ちながら1時間掛けて滴下した。滴下終了後、室温で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、塩酸(1.0 M, 和光純薬工業社製)45 mLを滴下し中和し、ジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業社製)を450 mL加えて分液した。さらに有機層を塩酸(1.0 M, 和光純薬工業社製)45 mLで洗浄し、分液した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウム 30 g (和光純薬工業社製)を加えて乾燥した。その後、硫酸マグネシウムをろ過後、濾液を減圧濃縮し、トリス(3, 5-ジメトキシフェニル)シランの粗体を得た。得られた粗体をジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業社製)50 mLとエタノール(和光純薬工業社製)30 ml に溶解し、減圧濃縮して晶析した。析出した白色固体を濾過後、エタノール(30 mL)で洗浄した。得られた固体を減圧乾燥することで、トリス(3, 5-ジメトキシフェニル)シラン 28.7 g (65.0 mmol, 収率87 %, 白色固体)を得た。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 3.75 (s,18H, OMe), 5.34 (s, 1H, SiH), 6.50 (t, 3H, J=2.4 Hz, Ar), 6.71 (d, 6H, J=2.4 Hz, Ar)
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 2.46 (s, 1H, SiOH), 3.75 (s, 18H, OMe), 6.52 (t, 3H, J=2.4 Hz, Ar), 6.76 (d, 6H, J=2.4 Hz, Ar)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、得られたトリス(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)シラノール3.65g(8mmol)をTHF 30mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製)3.8ml(7.6mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じた粉体をジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)36.5mlで洗浄した。粉体をろ取乾燥し、トリス(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((3,5-(MeO)2-C6H3)3SiOMgCl) を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 3.75 (s,18H) 6.44-6.48 (t,3H,J=2.4Hz) 6.80-6.91 (d,6H,J=2.4Hz)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリス(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド((3,5-(MeO)2-C6H3)3SiOMgCl) 1.29g(2.5mmol)にTHF 10mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.33g(2.5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後に冷却し、電解液12[トリス(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)シロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ジメチルフェニルシラノール(和光純薬工業(株)製)4.57g(30mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)15mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製)15ml(30mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じたオイルにヘキサン(和光純薬工業(株)製)30ml、t-ブチルメチルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)85mlを加え、粉体を生成させた。粉体をろ取乾燥し、ジメチルフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Me2PhSiOMgCl) を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 0.20-0.60 (m,6H) 7.20-7.40 (m,3H) 7.50-7.70 (m,2H)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ジメチルフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド(Me2PhSiOMgCl)1.06g(5mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.67g(5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後に冷却し、電解液13[ジメチルフェニルシロキシマグネシウムクロリド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ジフェニルシランジオール(東京化成工業(株)製)8.65g(40mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlに溶解し、濃度2Mのフェニルマグネシウムクロリド(PhMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製)40ml(80mmol)を滴下して1時間攪拌した。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じた粉体をジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)50mlで洗浄した。粉体をろ取乾燥し、ジフェニルシランジオキシビス(マグネシウムクロリド)(Ph2Si(OMgCl)2) を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 6.90-8.00 (m,10H)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、ジフェニルシランジオキシビス(マグネシウムクロリド)(Ph2Si(OMgCl)2)0.83g(2.5mmol)にTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.67g(5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後に冷却し、電解液14[ジフェニルシランジオキシビス(マグネシウムクロリド)-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、濃度2Mのエチルマグネシウムクロリド(EtMgCl)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製)5ml(10mmol)に対し、トリメチルシラノール(Me3SiOH)(アルドリッチ社製)0.90g(10mmol)を滴下して空冷した。室温下、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.22g(1.67mmol)を添加して1時間攪拌し、比較電解液3[(Me3SiOMgCl)6-AlCl3/THF溶液]を得た。
(1)マグネシウム塩の合成
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリフェニルシラノール(東京化成工業(株)製)5.53g(20mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(和光純薬工業(株)製)20mlに溶解し、濃度1Mのフェニルマグネシウムブロミド(PhMgBr)のTHF溶液(東京化成工業(株)製) 10ml(10mmol)を滴下して1時間反応させた。その後、溶液を濃縮乾燥させて生じたオイルをジイソプロピルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)40mlで粉末化させた。粉体をろ取乾燥し、トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムブロミド(Ph3SiOMgBr)を得た。
以下に1H-NMRの測定結果を示す。
1H-NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ(ppm) : 6.95-7.90(m,15H)
アルゴンガス雰囲気下、トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムブロミド(Ph3SiOMgBr)) 0.95gにTHF(和光純薬工業(株)製)10mlを混合し、50℃に加熱した後、塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3) (和光純薬工業(株)製)0.33g(2.5mmol)を添加した。50℃で10分間維持した後、冷却、ろ過して電解液15[トリフェニルシロキシマグネシウムブロミド-塩化アルミニウム/THF溶液]を得た。
電解液7~15を用いて、実施例7と同様にして、サイクリックボルタンメトリー(CV)測定を行った(実施例17)。また、同様に、比較電解液3を用いて実施例7と同様にしてCV測定を行った(比較例5)。
また、電解液7の10サイクル目の結果を図6に、比較電解液3の10サイクル目の結果を図7に示す。なお、図中の横軸は、参照極の電位を基準とした作用極の電位を表し、縦軸(mA/cm2)は各電位において観測された電流値を作用極の表面積で割った電流密度を表す。
また、電解液7については、1ヶ月保存後のものを用いてCV測定を行い、+3.2Vの酸化分解電位を示すことも確認した。よって、本願の電解液は、保存安定性に優れることも分かった。
Claims (10)
- 下記一般式(I)で示される化合物とルイス酸と溶媒を混合してなる、マグネシウム電池用電解液:
(式中、Yは炭素原子又はケイ素原子を表し、Xは塩素原子又は臭素原子を表し、
R1は、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、
R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、マグネシウムクロリドオキシ基(-OMgCl);マグネシウムブロミドオキシ基(-OMgBr);炭素数1~6のアルケニル基;ハロゲノ基又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基;或いは、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、ハロゲノアルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基を表す。)。 - ルイス酸が、ベリリウム、ホウ素、アルミニウム、ケイ素、スズ、チタン、クロム、鉄、又はコバルトを元素として含むものである、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。
- ルイス酸が、アルミニウムを元素として含むものである、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。
- ルイス酸が塩化アルミニウムである、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。
- マグネシウム化合物中のR1が、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基であり、
R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立して、マグネシウムクロリドオキシ基(-OMgCl);炭素数1~6のアルケニル基;炭素数1~6のアルキル基;或いは、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基である、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。 - マグネシウム化合物中のR1が、ハロゲノ基、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を置換基として有していてもよいフェニル基であり、
R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立して、-OMgCl;炭素数1~6のアルケニル基;炭素数1~6のアルキル基;或いは、アルキル基を置換基として有していてもよいフェニル基である、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。 - マグネシウム化合物中のXが塩素原子である、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。
- 溶媒が、エーテル系、ハロゲン化炭化水素系、カーボネート系、二トリル系である、請求項1記載のマグネシウム電池用電解液。
- 請求項1~8の何れかに記載の電解液、正極及び負極を含む電気化学デバイス。
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US10367231B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
US20170331154A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
TW201628251A (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
KR20170089890A (ko) | 2017-08-04 |
CN107004906A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
PL3226340T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
CN107004906B (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
JPWO2016084924A1 (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
EP3226340B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
JP6575531B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
EP3226340A4 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
TWI674692B (zh) | 2019-10-11 |
EP3226340A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
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