WO2016037394A1 - 一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂 - Google Patents

一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂 Download PDF

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WO2016037394A1
WO2016037394A1 PCT/CN2014/088543 CN2014088543W WO2016037394A1 WO 2016037394 A1 WO2016037394 A1 WO 2016037394A1 CN 2014088543 W CN2014088543 W CN 2014088543W WO 2016037394 A1 WO2016037394 A1 WO 2016037394A1
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linker
sequence
pcr reaction
single strand
affinity tag
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PCT/CN2014/088543
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English (en)
French (fr)
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耿春雨
郭荣荣
陈若莹
贺玲瑜
章文蔚
蒋慧
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深圳华大基因科技有限公司
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Priority to ES14901597.6T priority Critical patent/ES2689353T3/es
Priority to CN201480081852.6A priority patent/CN107075731B/zh
Priority to US15/510,904 priority patent/US10023906B2/en
Priority to DK14901597.6T priority patent/DK3192900T3/en
Priority to EP14901597.6A priority patent/EP3192900B1/en
Priority to AU2014405969A priority patent/AU2014405969B2/en
Priority to JP2017514335A priority patent/JP6438126B2/ja
Publication of WO2016037394A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016037394A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of molecular biology, and in particular to a method and a reagent for constructing a nucleic acid single-chain circular library.
  • Exon sequencing also known as target exome capture refers to a genomic analysis method that uses sequence region capture technology to capture and enrich the whole genome exon region DNA for high-throughput sequencing. It is an efficient strategy for selecting the coding sequence of the genome. Exon sequencing has lower cost than genomic resequencing, and has great advantages for studying single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion deletions of known genes.
  • the more commonly used exon library is a double-stranded DNA library based on Illumina platform or Proton platform. The experimental procedure is as follows: genomic DNA is randomly broken into fragments of 180-280 bp by physical crusher, and the ends are repaired and added. After A tail, a DNA library was prepared by ligating the adaptors at both ends of the fragment.
  • the library is subjected to liquid phase hybridization with a biotin-labeled probe, and the exon is captured using a magnetic bead with streptomycin, and then the enriched DNA fragment is eluted from the magnetic beads and hybridized for a second rich Set the reaction. After linear amplification by PCR, the library quality inspection can be carried out after sequencing.
  • the transposase disruption kit led by Epigentra's Nextera kit (acquired by Illumina), uses DNA transposase to simultaneously complete DNA fragmentation and linker addition, reducing sample processing time. This method can be used for library construction.
  • transposase realizes transposition Rely on a specific 19 bp Me sequence.
  • a transposase can have a different linker sequence at the 5' and 3' ends of the target sequence by embedding two completely different linker sequences, the linker needs to contain Mete.
  • the sequence is such that one effect is that the ends of the fragment produced by the disruption are symmetrically each have a Me sequence, and due to the special action of the transposase, the sequence of interest (or the disrupted fragment) is separated from the Me sequence.
  • the Me sequence which is completely consistent with the two ends of the target sequence, will affect some downstream applications.
  • the Me sequences on both sides of the same chain are complementary sequences, which easily cause single chain. Annealing occurs inside the molecule and is not conducive to anchoring the primer.
  • the invention provides a method and a reagent for constructing a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library, which has a simple process, saves time and is not affected by the common transposase recognition sequence at both ends.
  • the present invention provides a method for constructing a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library, comprising the steps of:
  • the nucleic acid is randomly disrupted using a transposase-embedded complex comprising a transposase and a first linker comprising a transposase recognition sequence, the disrupted nucleic acid being ligated to the first linker at both ends and Forming a gap;
  • the first PCR reaction is carried out using primers respectively targeting the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product having different linker sequences ligated to each end, wherein one primer has a first affinity tag at the 5' end;
  • Single strands are cyclized using a single-stranded circular "bridge” sequence in which a single-stranded circular "bridge” sequence is capable of simultaneously binding to both ends of a single strand.
  • a second PCR reaction is carried out using primers respectively targeting the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product in which different linker sequences are ligated to each end.
  • one of the primer pairs used in the second PCR reaction has a sample tag sequence at the 5' end.
  • the exon sequence probe is used to capture a single strand containing the exon sequence in the product of the second PCR reaction, wherein the exon
  • the sequence probe has a first affinity tag capable of forming an affinity binding with a second affinity tag on a solid support, and isolating a single strand containing the exon sequence for use in performing the first PCR reaction.
  • the primers are used to block the primers at both ends of the product obtained by the second PCR reaction. sequence.
  • the first affinity tag is a biotin tag
  • the second affinity tag is a streptavidin tag
  • the transposase in the removal system is carried out by magnetic bead purification, column purification or chemical reagent treatment.
  • the solid support is a magnetic bead.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the nucleic acid is randomly disrupted using a transposase-embedded complex comprising a transposase and a first linker comprising a transposase recognition sequence, the disrupted nucleic acid being ligated to the first linker at both ends and Forming a gap;
  • a second PCR reaction is performed using primers respectively targeting the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product having different linker sequences linked at both ends, wherein one primer has a sample tag sequence at the 5' end;
  • the exon sequence probe is used to capture a single strand containing the exon sequence in the product of the second PCR reaction, wherein the exon sequence probe has a biotin label and can form a streptavidin label with the solid phase carrier. Affinity binding, and separating a single strand containing an exon sequence;
  • the first PCR reaction is carried out using primers for both ends of the single strand containing the exon sequence, and a product having different linker sequences ligated to each end is obtained, wherein one primer has a biotin label at the 5' end;
  • a construction reagent for a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library comprising the following components:
  • transposase and a first linker comprising a transposase recognition sequence for forming a transposase-embedded complex to randomly interrupt the nucleic acid, connecting the first linker at both ends of the interrupted nucleic acid and forming a gap;
  • a primer for the first PCR reaction wherein one primer has a first affinity tag at the 5' end, and the primers are respectively targeted to bind the first linker and the second linker;
  • a single-stranded circular "bridge" sequence capable of simultaneously binding both ends of a single strand for cyclization of a single strand.
  • the reagent further comprises a primer for the second PCR reaction for separately targeting the first linker and the second linker;
  • one of the primers used in the second PCR reaction has a sample tag sequence at the 5' end.
  • the reagent further comprises an exon sequence probe for capturing a single strand containing an exon sequence in the product of the second PCR reaction, the exon sequence probe having the first affinity tag, capable of Forming an affinity bond with the second affinity tag on the solid support, and separating the single strand containing the exon sequence;
  • the reagent further comprises a primer blocking sequence for blocking the primer sequences at both ends of the single strand of the product obtained by the second PCR reaction.
  • the first affinity tag is a biotin tag
  • the second affinity tag is a streptavidin tag
  • the solid support is a magnetic bead.
  • the method for constructing a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library of the present invention comprises using a transposase to interrupt a nucleic acid and further adding a second linker to realize a different linker sequence at both ends, thereby separating the single strand and performing cyclization.
  • Single-stranded circular library Compared to the prior art, the method of the present invention is simple in flow, time-saving and is not limited to having a common transposase recognition sequence at both ends.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing a CG original single-joint library based on the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing the construction of a transposase-binding single-linker exon library according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing the construction of a transposase-binding single-linker exon library according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • lane 1 represents the single-chain cyclized product obtained in the present embodiment
  • M1 and M2 represent single-chain cyclized DNA Marker
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the distribution of single base cumulative coverage depth obtained by sequencing a single-stranded circularized library according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms used in the present invention are as follows:
  • the first joint is referred to as a first joint in a specific embodiment;
  • the second joint is referred to as a second joint in a specific embodiment.
  • a method for constructing a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library comprises the steps of: randomly interrupting a nucleic acid using a transposase-embedded complex, wherein the transposase-embedded complex comprises a transposase and a transposome a first linker of the enzyme recognition sequence, the interrupted nucleic acid is ligated to the first linker at both ends and forms a gap; the transposase in the system is removed, and then the second linker is ligated at the gap using a ligase, and the sequence of the second linker is different In the first linker; performing a first PCR reaction using primers respectively targeting the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product having different linker sequences linked at both ends, wherein one primer has a first affinity tag at the 5' end Contacting the product of the first PCR reaction with a solid phase support having a second affinity tag to form an affinity binding of the first affinity tag to the second affinity
  • the above method enables the construction of a basic nucleic acid single-stranded circular library without distinguishing between exon and intron sequences. It is known that for a bacterial genome that does not have an intron, a single-stranded circular library can be realized by the above method. Constructed and can be further used for downstream sequencing and other operations.
  • the above method uses a transposase-embedded complex to interrupt nucleic acid and synchronize the addition of the linker, eliminating the need to The traditional end-repair, add-on and intermediate purification steps simplify the process and save time.
  • the first linker comprises a transposase recognition sequence, typically a well-known 19 bp Me sequence, and the first linker is present in a double-stranded form, wherein one of the strands may have a dideoxy modification at the 3' end, ie, a dideoxynucleoside Acid to prevent self-connection or interconnection between the joints.
  • “Self-joining” refers to the connection between different molecules of the same linker, such as the connection between different molecules of the first linker or the connection between different molecules of the second linker; the so-called “interconnect” refers to a different type of linker
  • the linkage between molecules such as the linkage between the molecule of the first linker and the molecule of the second linker.
  • the sequence of the second linker is not limited and may be any sequence as long as it differs from the sequence of the first linker. Because the second linker is used in the present invention primarily to avoid the effects of a common transposase recognition sequence at both ends. The second linker is ligated to the gap, and then a PCR reaction is carried out by separately targeting the primers that bind the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product in which different linker sequences are respectively ligated to both ends.
  • one of the primer pairs used in the first PCR reaction has a first affinity tag at the 5' end, wherein the first affinity tag may be a component of a biologically commonly used biological binding reaction, such as an antigen. Or an antibody, a strand of a short strand of double-stranded DNA, biotin or streptavidin, and the like.
  • the second affinity tag selects an antibody that binds to the antigen, and vice versa; in the case where the first affinity tag uses a strand of a double-stranded DNA short segment, The second affinity tag selects another strand that is complementary to the strand, and vice versa; in the case where biotin is selected for the first affinity tag, the second affinity tag selects streptavidin bound to biotin. ,vice versa.
  • the first affinity tag is a biotin tag and the second affinity tag is a streptavidin tag, both of which have a strong binding capacity.
  • a single-stranded circular "bridge” sequence is a sequence in which a sequence is capable of simultaneously binding to both ends of a single strand, and cyclization of a single strand is achieved by complementary binding to both ends of a single strand. It is called the "bridge” sequence because it bridges the ends of a single chain like a bridge.
  • a second PCR reaction is performed using primers that respectively bind to the first linker and the second linker to obtain a product having different linker sequences joined at both ends.
  • One of the purposes of this second PCR reaction is to connect a large number of amplified ends A disrupted nucleic acid fragment of the first linker and the second linker.
  • the primer pair used in the second PCR reaction can be identical in sequence to the primer pair used in the first PCR reaction, the only difference being that there is no first affinity label in the primer pair used in the second PCR reaction;
  • the primer pair used in the first PCR reaction is not exactly the same, such as the outer side (5' end) of the primer pair used in the second PCR reaction, and some base sequences, a typical but non-limiting example is the second One of the primer pairs used in the PCR reaction has a sample tag sequence at the 5' end, and the sample tag sequence may be a random sequence for labeling different samples to simultaneously interrupt, build, and subsequently mix multiple samples.
  • the sequences of the different samples can be distinguished because each sample has a specific sample tag sequence at both ends of the interrupted nucleic acid fragment. This greatly improves sequencing efficiency in high-throughput sequencing.
  • the second purpose of the second PCR reaction is to add a sample tag sequence to both ends of the interrupted nucleic acid fragment.
  • the exon sequence probe is used to capture a single strand of the product of the second PCR reaction containing the exon sequence after the second PCR reaction and prior to the first PCR reaction.
  • This embodiment introduces an exon capture technique, which is a well-known technique for obtaining exon sequences in the art, because there are some identical sequences between exons and/or exons and introns (Consensus). Sequence), these consensus sequences are conserved, and by designing exon sequence probes capable of binding these sequences to these sequences, various single strands containing exon sequences can be interrupted from numerous genomic DNAs. The fragments were isolated for exon sequencing. In a specific implementation, it is necessary to perform affinity labeling on the exon sequence probe, such as biotin labeling, and then bind the streptavidin-labeled solid phase vector to separate the fragment containing the exon.
  • the single strand of the product obtained by the second PCR reaction is blocked using a primer blocking sequence before the exon sequence probe is used to capture the single strand of the exon sequence in the product of the second PCR reaction.
  • primer blocking sequence is capable of specifically binding to the primer sequence at both ends of the product of the second PCR reaction, so that the exon sequence probe can no longer bind to the partial sequence, thereby avoiding the occurrence of false positive results.
  • a solid phase carrier for capturing an exon fragment from the product of the second PCR reaction and a solid phase carrier for binding to the product of the first PCR reaction may be a chip or a magnetic bead or the like.
  • a second affinity tag is labeled on the chip or magnetic bead and the second affinity tag is capable of binding to the first affinity tag.
  • streptavidin-labeled magnetic beads are employed.
  • the transposase interrupts the nucleic acid
  • magnetic bead purification and column purification are conventional purification methods well known in the art, such as magnetic bead purification using Ampure XP beads, and column purification using a QIAGEN PCR purification column. Needless to say, any similar magnetic bead purification or column purification product can be used in the present invention.
  • the advantage of the purification treatment is that the transposase can be completely removed from the system, but the corresponding operations and costs are added in the specific operation.
  • transposase to be denatured or digested to dissociate from the target sequence. Since the transposase is chemically a protein, it can be dissociated from the target sequence using the corresponding denaturation or digestion methods. Although the transposase thus treated may still remain in the system, it has been lost. Its biological activity will not adversely affect subsequent reactions.
  • the chemical reagent treatment may firstly use a protease solution, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution, and an NT buffer solution (NT buffer buffer matched in the Sup series of the Sup series), etc., to break the target of the transposase and the nucleic acid. Adsorption of the sequence; then the solution containing Triton-X100 is used to attenuate the effect of the above reagents on subsequent enzymatic reactions.
  • This method replaces the traditional complex and costly magnetic bead purification or column purification steps, as well as ensuring smooth downstream PCR amplification.
  • the denaturation treatment of the PCR product bound to the solid phase support may be carried out by means of thermal denaturation or alkali denaturation, preferably an alkali denaturation mode, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide denaturation, etc., an embodiment of the present invention Denatured with sodium hydroxide.
  • a simplified flow of the construction of a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library includes: disrupting genomic DNA using a transposase; amplifying the fragment after PCR and capturing by exon capture technology The exon fragment is further amplified by PCR and isolated to obtain single-stranded DNA; the single strand is cyclized to obtain a nucleic acid single-stranded circular library.
  • a detailed flow of the construction of the nucleic acid single-stranded circular library of one embodiment of the present invention includes: using a transposase-embedded complex to interrupt genomic DNA, and the ends of the interrupted DNA are connected to the first linker, and Forming a 9 nt gap; removing the transposase; ligating the second linker; using a primer with a tag sequence (one of the primers) for PCR amplification to obtain an amplified product with a tag sequence; using an exon sequence probe (biotin tag) Capture exon fragments; use biotin-labeled primers (one of which is labeled with one primer) for PCR amplification to obtain a biotin-labeled amplification product in one strand; use streptavidin-labeled magnetic beads to separate the organism with The product of the labeling; denaturation treatment results in a label-free single strand; single-chain cyclization is achieved using a single-stranded circular "
  • ligase T4DNA Ligase
  • transposase including PCR enzyme
  • exonuclease I Exonuclease I
  • Exonuclease III was purchased from NEB.
  • the technology is developed by using a transposase kit, which comprises two kinds of genomic DNA and 50 ng of genomic DNA.
  • the present embodiment uses 50 ng of genome to test.
  • Linker sequence A GCTTCGACTGGAGACAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG (SEQ ID NO: 1);
  • Linker sequence B CTGTCTCTTATACACATC ddT (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • the two annealed joints were mixed in equal volume for embedding the transposase complex.
  • Method 1 Add SDS at a final concentration of 0.04%-0.1%, mix and then purify with 1.3 times Ampure XP beads; Method 2: Add 1 volume of PBI (Qiagen PCR purification) Kit), after mixing, purified with 1.3 times Ampure XP beads; Method 3 (no purification method): Add SDS at a final concentration of 0.04%-0.1%, and add 0.1% Triton-X100 to the next enzyme reaction.
  • the purified product was ligated to the No. 2 linker according to the following system (Table 4), and ligated at 25 ° C for 60 minutes to complete the joint connection.
  • Component content water 8 ⁇ L 3 ⁇ connection buffer 20 ⁇ L Connector 2 (5 ⁇ M) 10 ⁇ L Ligase 2 ⁇ L DNA 20 ⁇ L total 30 ⁇ L
  • Linker sequence A AGTCGGAGGCCAAGCGGTCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 3);
  • Linker sequence B TTGGCCTCCGAC ddT (SEQ ID NO: 4, dd indicates 3'-end dideoxy modification).
  • Method 1 purification: 1.3 times Ampure XP beads purification; Method 2 (not purified): The next PCR reaction complements 1% Triton-X100.
  • PCR amplification was carried out according to the following system (Table 5) and reaction conditions (Table 6), and 0.1% to 2% of Triton-X100 was added, and this example was preferably 1%.
  • Primers 1 with different labels were designed to achieve post-PCR mixing and purification and subsequent region capture. There are 8 different labels in this case.
  • tag primers 1-8 are as follows, and the underline sequence is the tag sequence (random sequence):
  • Primer 2 (SEQ ID NO: 13): TCCTAAGACCGCTTGGCCTCCGACT
  • Blocking sequence #1 and blocking sequence #2 are oligonucleotide sequences (Oligo) in Agilent's kit for blocking some tandem repeat regions in the human genome, and the like.
  • Biotin hybridization probes i.e., exon sequence probes referred to elsewhere in the present invention, are used to capture exon single-stranded fragments.
  • reaction system was kept at 65 ° C, and 13 ⁇ L of the reaction system 2 was added to the reaction system 1. After mixing, the whole was transferred to the reaction system 3, and the membrane was sealed and hybridized for 24 hours.
  • connection buffer 3.7 ⁇ L 20U/ ⁇ L exonuclease I 11.1 ⁇ L 100U/ ⁇ L exonuclease III 5.2 ⁇ L total 20 ⁇ L
  • the single base cumulative coverage depth distribution is shown in Figure 5.
  • the above results indicate that the nucleic acid single-stranded circular library constructed by the above embodiments of the present invention can be successfully used for sequencing, and the desired results are obtained.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂。所述方法包括：使用转座酶包埋复合体随机打断核酸并连接第一接头；在缺口处连接第二接头；进行第一PCR反应，其中一条引物5'端具有第一亲和标记，得到两端连接不同接头序列的产物；将产物与具有第二亲和标记的固相载体结合；变性，分离无亲和标记的单链；对单链进行环化。

Description

一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂 技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学技术领域，尤其涉及一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂。
背景技术
外显子测序(也称目标外显子组捕获)是指利用序列区域捕获技术将全基因组外显子区域DNA捕捉并富集后进行高通量测序的基因组分析方法。它是一种选择基因组的编码序列的高效策略，外显子测序相对于基因组重测序成本较低，对研究已知基因的单核苷酸多态性、插入缺失等具有较大的优势。比较常用的外显子建库是基于Illumina平台或者Proton平台的双链DNA文库，其试验流程大致如下：将基因组DNA经物理破碎仪随机打断成长度为180-280bp的片段，末端修复和加A尾后在片段两端分别连接上接头制备DNA文库。文库与生物素标记的探针进行液相杂交，再使用带链霉素的磁珠将外显子捕获下来，随后将富集的DNA片段从磁珠上洗脱，并杂交进行第二次富集反应。经PCR线性扩增后进行文库质检，合格即可进行测序。
但是针对全基因组(Complete Genomics，CG)平台测序的外显子文库并没有一个稳定的构建流程。现有技术是基于CG原始单接头文库构建方法，其流程大体如图1所示，将基因组DNA经物理破碎仪随机打断成长度在一定范围内的片段；末端修复和加定向接头A后，使用生物素标记的探针进行液相杂交，再使用带链霉素的磁珠将外显子捕获下来；然后进行PCR扩增以及分离单链；最后单链环化形成单链环状文库。这种建库方法的程序比较复杂，耗时较长，因此还有很大的改进空间。
以Epicentra公司(已被Illumina收购)的Nextera试剂盒领衔的转座酶打断试剂盒，利用转座酶同时完成DNA片段化和接头的添加，从而减少样品处理的时间。这种方法可用于文库构建。
从各种操作的简便性来看，转座酶打断的方式无疑在通量及操作简便性上远远胜过其它方法，但是这种打断方式也有自身的缺点：转座酶实现转座依赖特定的19bp Me序列。因此，虽然转座酶可以通过包埋两种完全不同的接头序列而在靶序列的5’端和3’端加上不同的接头序列，但是接头均需要含有Me特 定序列，从而带来的一个影响即打断所产生的片段的两端会对称的各有一个Me序列，并且由于转座酶的特殊作用使得目的序列(或打断片段)与Me序列之间存在一个9nt碱基缺失的缺口。靶序列邻近的两端完全一致的Me序列会对下游的一些技术应用带来影响，比如基于连接法的二代测序技术，同一条链两侧的Me序列为互补的序列，从而容易引起单链分子内部出现退火而不利于锚定引物的结合。
目前，亟需一种简单的单链环状文库构建方法，特别是用于外显子测序的单链环状文库构建方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法和试剂，其流程简单、节省时间并且不受限于两端具有共同的转座酶识别序列的影响。
根据本发明的第一方面，本发明提供一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法，包括如下步骤：
使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行随机打断，其中转座酶包埋复合体包含转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，打断的核酸两端连接第一接头并且形成缺口；
去除体系中的转座酶，然后使用连接酶在缺口处连接上第二接头，第二接头的序列不同于第一接头；
使用分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行第一PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记；
将第一PCR反应的产物与具有第二亲和标记的固相载体接触，使第一亲和标记与第二亲和标记形成亲和结合；
对结合到固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，分离出无亲和标记的单链；
使用单链环化“桥”序列对单链进行环化，其中单链环化“桥”序列能够同时结合单链的两端。
作为本发明的优选方案，在第一PCR反应之前，使用分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行第二PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物。
作为本发明进一步的优选方案，第二PCR反应使用的引物对中有一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列。
作为本发明进一步的优选方案，在第二PCR反应之后且在第一PCR反应之前，使用外显子序列探针捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，其中外显子序列探针具有第一亲和标记，能够与固相载体上的第二亲和标记形成亲和结合，而将含有外显子序列的单链分离出来，以用于进行第一PCR反应。
作为本发明的优选方案，在使用外显子序列探针捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链之前，使用引物封闭序列封闭第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列。
作为本发明的优选方案，第一亲和标记为生物素标记；第二亲和标记为链霉亲和素标记。
作为本发明的优选方案，去除体系中的转座酶采用磁珠纯化、过柱纯化或化学试剂处理的方式进行。
作为本发明的优选方案，固相载体为磁珠。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述方法包括如下步骤：
使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行随机打断，其中转座酶包埋复合体包含转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，打断的核酸两端连接第一接头并且形成缺口；
去除体系中的转座酶，然后使用连接酶在缺口处连接上第二接头，第二接头的序列不同于第一接头；
使用分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行第二PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列；
使用引物封闭序列封闭第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列；
使用外显子序列探针捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，其中外显子序列探针具有生物素标记，能够与固相载体上的链霉亲和素标记形成亲和结合，而将含有外显子序列的单链分离出来；
使用针对含有外显子序列的单链两端的引物进行第一PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有生物素标记；
将第一PCR反应的产物与具有链霉亲和素标记的固相载体接触，使生物素标记与链霉亲和素标记形成亲和结合；
对结合到固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，分离出无亲和标记的单链；
使用单链环化“桥”序列对单链进行环化，其中单链环化“桥”序列能够同时结 合无亲和标记的单链的两端。
根据本发明的第二方面，本发明提供一种核酸单链环状文库的构建试剂，包括如下组成部分：
转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，用于形成转座酶包埋复合体以对核酸进行随机打断，在打断的核酸两端连接第一接头并且形成缺口；
第二接头和连接酶组分，用于在缺口处连接上第二接头；
用于第一PCR反应的引物，其中一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记，引物分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头；
固相载体，具有第二亲和标记，用于与第一亲和标记形成亲和结合；
变性溶液，用于对结合到固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，以分离出无亲和标记的单链；
单链环化“桥”序列，能够同时结合单链的两端，用于对单链进行环化。
作为本发明的优选方案，试剂还包括用于第二PCR反应的引物，用于分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头；
优选地，用于第二PCR反应的引物中有一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列。
作为本发明的优选方案，试剂还包括外显子序列探针，用于捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，外显子序列探针具有第一亲和标记，能够与固相载体上的第二亲和标记形成亲和结合，而将含有外显子序列的单链分离出来；
优选地，试剂还包括引物封闭序列，用于封闭第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列。
作为本发明的优选方案，第一亲和标记为生物素标记；第二亲和标记为链霉亲和素标记。
作为本发明的优选方案，固相载体为磁珠。
本发明的核酸单链环状文库的构建方法，使用转座酶打断核酸再进一步添加第二接头，实现两端带有不同的接头序列，在此基础上分离单链并进行环化而形成单链环状文库。相比现有技术，本发明的方法流程简单、节省时间并且不受限于两端具有共同的转座酶识别序列的影响。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中基于CG原始单接头文库构建方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明一种实施例的转座酶结合单接头外显子文库构建的简化流程示意图；
图3为本发明一种实施例的转座酶结合单接头外显子文库构建的详细流程示意图；
图4为本发明一种实施例的单链环化文库电泳检测结果，其中泳道1表示本实施例得到的单链环化产物；M1和M2表示单链环化DNA Marker；
图5为本发明一种实施例的单链环化文库测序得到的单碱基累计覆盖深度分布图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。除非特别说明，下面实施例中所使用的技术均为本领域内的技术人员已知的常规技术；所使用的仪器设备和试剂等，均为本领域内的技术人员可以通过公共途径如商购等获得的。
本发明中用到的术语说明如下：第一接头在具体实施方式中称作一号接头；第二接头在具体实施方式中称作二号接头。
本发明中，任何情况下使用的“第一”和“第二”等概念都不应当理解为具有顺序和技术的含义，其作用仅在于将其与其它对象区别开来。
本发明一个实施例的核酸单链环状文库的构建方法，包括如下步骤：使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行随机打断，其中转座酶包埋复合体包含转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，打断的核酸两端连接第一接头并且形成缺口；去除体系中的转座酶，然后使用连接酶在缺口处连接上第二接头，第二接头的序列不同于第一接头；使用分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行第一PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记；将第一PCR反应的产物与具有第二亲和标记的固相载体接触，使第一亲和标记与第二亲和标记形成亲和结合；对结合到固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，分离出无亲和标记的单链；使用单链环化“桥”序列对单链进行环化，其中单链环化“桥”序列能够同时结合单链的两端。
上述方法能够实现基本的核酸单链环状文库的构建，并不区分外显子和内含子序列，公知地对于不具有内含子的细菌基因组，可以通过上述方法实现单链环状文库的构建，并可进一步用于下游的测序等操作。
上述方法使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行打断和加接头同步完成，省去 了传统的末端修复、加接头及中间纯化步骤，因此简化了流程，节省了时间。
本发明中，第一接头含有转座酶识别序列，典型地是公知的19bp Me序列，第一接头以双链形式存在，其中一条链可以在3’端具有双脱氧修饰，即双脱氧核苷酸，防止接头间的自连或互连。“自连”是指同一种接头的不同分子之间的连接，比如第一接头的不同分子之间的连接或第二接头的不同分子之间的连接；所谓“互连”是指不同种接头的分子之间的连接，比如第一接头的分子与第二接头的分子之间的连接。转座酶包埋复合体打断核酸后将第一接头的一条链连接到打断的核酸的一条链上，而第一接头的另一条链与打断的核酸的另一条链之间形成9nt碱基缺失的缺口，该缺口在传统的方法中需要通过缺口平移反应来补平，而在本发明的方法中正好为第二接头的连接提供结合位点。
本发明中，第二接头的序列不受限制，可以是任何序列，只要与第一接头的序列不同即可。因为本发明中使用第二接头主要是为了避免两端具有共同的转座酶识别序列的影响。第二接头连到缺口处，然后通过分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行PCR反应，即可得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物。
本发明中，第一PCR反应使用的引物对中有一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记，其中第一亲和标记可以是生物学上常用的生物结合反应的一个组成部分，比如抗原或抗体，双链DNA短片段的一条链，生物素或链霉亲和素，等等。在第一亲和标记选用了抗原的情况下，第二亲和标记选用与该抗原结合的抗体，反之亦然；在第一亲和标记选用了双链DNA短片段的一条链的情况下，第二亲和标记选用与该链互补配对的另一条链，反之亦然；在第一亲和标记选用了生物素的情况下，第二亲和标记选用与生物素结合的链霉亲和素，反之亦然。本发明的一个实施方案中，第一亲和标记是生物素标记，第二亲和标记是链霉亲和素标记，二者具有很强的结合能力。
本发明中，单链环化“桥”序列是一段序列能够同时结合单链的两端的序列，通过对单链两端的互补结合，而实现单链的环化。称为“桥”序列，是因为它正像桥一样将单链两端搭接起来。
本发明一个进一步改进的实施例中，在第一PCR反应之前，先使用分别靶向结合第一接头和第二接头的引物进行第二PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物。这一第二PCR反应的目的之一在于大量扩增两端分别连接 第一接头和第二接头的打断的核酸片段。其中，第二PCR反应中使用的引物对可以在序列上与第一PCR反应中使用的引物对完全相同，差别只在于第二PCR反应中使用的引物对中没有第一亲和标记；也可以与第一PCR反应中使用的引物对不完全相同，比如在第二PCR反应中使用的引物对的外侧(5’端)多出一些碱基序列，其中典型但非限定性的例子是第二PCR反应使用的引物对中有一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列，该样本标签序列可以是随机序列，用于标记不同样本，以便对多个样本同时进行打断、建库和随后的混合测序操作后，能够将不同样本的序列区分开来，因为每个样本在打断的核酸片段的两端都有特定的样本标签序列。这在高通量测序中能够大大提高测序效率。在引物具有样本标签序列的情况下，第二PCR反应的目的之二在于在打断的核酸片段两端添加上样本标签序列。
本发明一个进一步改进的实施例中，在第二PCR反应之后且在第一PCR反应之前，使用外显子序列探针捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链。该实施例引入了外显子捕获技术，这是本领域一种公知的获取外显子序列的技术，因为外显子上和/或外显子与内含子之间有一些一致序列(Consensus Sequence)，这些一致序列具有保守性，通过针对这些序列设计能够结合这些序列的外显子序列探针，即可将含有外显子序列的单链从众多基因组DNA被打断后形成的各种片断中分离出来，以用于外显子测序。具体实施中需要在外显子序列探针上进行亲和标记，比如生物素标记，再结合链霉亲和素标记的固相载体而分离含有外显子的片段。
本发明一个进一步改进的实施例中，在使用外显子序列探针捕获第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链之前，使用引物封闭序列封闭第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列。引物封闭序列能够与第二PCR反应的产物两端的引物序列部分特异性结合，使得外显子序列探针不能再与这部分序列结合，从而避免了假阳性结果的产生。
本发明中，用于从第二PCR反应的产物中捕获含有外显子片段的固相载体以及用于与第一PCR反应的产物结合的固相载体，可以是芯片或磁珠等。具体地，在芯片或磁珠上标记上第二亲和标记，第二亲和标记能与第一亲和标记结合。在本发明的一个实施例中，采用链霉亲和素标记的磁珠。
本发明中，在转座酶打断核酸后，需要去除体系中的转座酶，以消除对后 续酶促反应的影响。一般是通过磁珠纯化、过柱纯化或化学试剂处理的方式进行。其中，磁珠纯化和过柱纯化是本领域公知的传统的纯化方法，比如使用Ampure XP beads进行磁珠纯化，使用QIAGEN PCR纯化柱进行过柱纯化。毫无疑问，任何类似的磁珠纯化或过柱纯化产品均可用于本发明。纯化处理的优势在于，能够从体系中彻底除去转座酶，但是在具体操作中要增加相应的操作和成本。化学试剂处理使转座酶变性或消化而从靶序列上解离下来。由于转座酶在化学性质上属于蛋白质，因此可以使用相应的变性或消化手段将其从靶序列上解离下来，虽然这样处理后的转座酶仍然可能在体系中有残留，但是已经失去了其生物活性，对后续反应也不会有不利的影响。
本发明中，化学试剂处理可以首先选用蛋白酶溶液、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液和NT缓冲液(Truprep试剂盒S5系列中配套的NT缓冲液)等，打破转座酶与核酸的靶序列的吸附作用；然后使用包含Triton-X100的溶液，减弱上述试剂对后续酶促反应的影响。这种方法替代了传统的复杂且成本较高的磁珠纯化或过柱纯化步骤，也能保证下游的PCR扩增顺利进行。
本发明中，对结合到固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，可以采用热变性或碱变性的方式实现，优选碱变性方式，例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾变性等，本发明一个实施例采用氢氧化钠变性。
请参考图2，本发明一个实施例的核酸单链环状文库的构建简化流程，包括：使用转座酶打断基因组DNA；通过PCR扩增打断后的片段并通过外显子捕获技术捕获外显子片段；再经过PCR扩增并分离得到单链DNA；对单链进行环化得到核酸单链环状文库。
请参考图3，本发明一个实施例的核酸单链环状文库的构建详细流程，包括：使用转座酶包埋复合体打断基因组DNA，打断的DNA两端连接上一号接头，并形成9nt缺口；去除转座酶；连接二号接头；使用带标签序列的引物(其中一条引物)进行PCR扩增得到带标签序列的扩增产物；使用外显子序列探针(生物素标记)捕获外显子片段；使用生物素标记的引物(其中一条引物标记)进行PCR扩增得到一条链带有生物素标记的扩增产物；使用链霉亲和素标记的磁珠分离出带有生物素标记的产物；变性处理得到无标记的单链；使用单链环化“桥”序列实现单链环化，得到核酸单链环状文库。
下面通过实施例详细说明本发明。
实施例中使用的试剂来源说明如下：连接酶(T4DNA Ligase)购自INVITROGEN；转座酶(包含PCR酶)购自Vazyme Biotech的TruePrep Advanced DNA Sample Prep Kit；外切酶I(Exonuclease I)和外切酶III(Exonuclease III)购自NEB。
本发明中采用转座酶试剂盒进行技术开发，试剂盒包含5ng基因组DNA和50ng基因组DNA用量两种，本实施方案采用50ng基因组用量进行测试。
1、设计订购带有19bp Me序列的引物序列，一号接头序列A和序列B，用于制备包埋用的一号接头，序列B的双脱氧T碱基(ddT)能有效避免接头自连：
一号接头序列A：GCTTCGACTGGAGACAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG(SEQ ID NO：1)；
一号接头序列B：CTGTCTCTTATACACATC ddT(SEQ ID NO：2)。
2、将一号接头序列A和序列B稀释到100μM，充分混合后离心，于PCR仪中按如下程序(表1)退火得到一号接头(储存于-20℃)，用于包埋复合体的制备。
表1
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000001
反应后将两组退火后的接头等体积混合，用于包埋转座酶复合体。
3、按照如下体系(表2)将一号接头与转座酶包埋成转座酶复合体，轻轻吹打20次混合，30℃孵育1小时后完成复合体包埋，该复合体储存于-20℃。
表2
组分 含量
转座酶 85μL
一号接头 30μL
偶联缓冲液 85μL
合计 200μL
4、按照如下体系(表3)将50ng的高质量基因组和转座酶复合体进行混合，轻轻吹打20次混合，55℃孵育10分钟后降温至4℃，完成基因组的打断。
表3
组分 含量
水 5μL
5×打断缓冲液 2μL
gDNA(50ng/μL) 1μL
打断酶复合体 2μL
合计 10μL
5、按照如下两种方法进行纯化，方法1：加入终浓度0.04％-0.1％的SDS，混匀后再用1.3倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化；方法2：加入1倍体积的PBI(Qiagen PCR纯化试剂盒)，混匀后再用1.3倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化；方法3(不纯化方法)：加入终浓度0.04％-0.1％的SDS，下一步酶反应加入0.1％Triton-X100。
6、纯化后的产物按照如下体系(表4)进行二号接头的连接，25℃孵育60分钟完成接头连接。
表4
组分 含量
水 8μL
3×连接buffer 20μL
二号接头(5μM) 10μL
连接酶 2μL
DNA 20μL
合计 30μL
注：二号接头序列如下：
二号接头序列A：AGTCGGAGGCCAAGCGGTCGTC(SEQ ID NO：3)；
二号接头序列B：TTGGCCTCCGAC ddT(SEQ ID NO：4，dd表示3’端双脱氧修饰)。
7、进行如下处理，方法1(纯化)：1.3倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化；方 法2(不纯化)：下一步PCR反应补足1％Triton-X100。
8、按照如下体系(表5)及反应条件(表6)进行PCR扩增，加入0.1％-2％的Triton-X100，本实施例优选1％。设计不同标签的引物1，实现PCR后混合纯化并进行后续区域捕获，本案例中有8个不同标签。
表5
组分 含量
DNA 30μL
5×PCR缓冲液 10μL
10mM dNTPs 1μL
标签引物1-8 2μL
引物2 2μL
PCR酶 1μL
纯水 4μL
合计 50μL
注：其中标签引物1-8序列如下，下划线序列为标签序列(随机序列)：
标签引物1(SEQ ID NO：5)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCACTGGTAAGAGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物2(SEQ ID NO：6)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCAAGCTCCTGAGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物3(SEQ ID NO：7)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCCTGGGGCTATGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物4(SEQ ID NO：8)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCCCCAGTCAGGGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物5(SEQ ID NO：9)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCGGATTTGGTTGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物6(SEQ ID NO：10)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCTACTAATGGCGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物7(SEQ ID NO：11)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCTTTTCATTTTGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
标签引物8(SEQ ID NO：12)：
AGACAAGCTCGAGCTCCTGAGCTCCTGCTTCGACTGGAGAC
引物2(SEQ ID NO：13)：TCCTAAGACCGCTTGGCCTCCGACT
表6
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000002
PCR后，8个样品均带上不同的标签，混合后使用1.3倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化。
9、取混合纯化的样品750ng，浓缩成干粉状。按如下步骤配置反应体系一：
(1)先配置如下反应溶液(表7)：
表7
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000003
注：
引物封闭序列#1(SEQ D NO：14)：
5’-CTGTCTCTTATACACATCTGTCTCCAGTCGAAGCCCGATCTTACCAGTTCGAGCTTGTCT-3’：
引物封闭序列#2(SEQ ID NO：15)：
5’-AAGTCGGAGGCCAAGCGGTCTTAGGA-3’。
封闭序列#1和封闭序列#2，是Agilent公司的试剂盒中的寡核苷酸序列(Oligo)，用于封闭人类基因组中的一些串联重复区域等。
(2)将上述反应溶液加入浓缩后的干粉DNA中，混匀，在PCR仪器上95℃反应5min后保持在65℃。
(3)按如下体系(表8)配置反应体系二，PCR仪中65℃孵育至少5min：
表8
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000004
(4)按如下体系(表9)配置反应体系三，PCR仪中65℃孵育至少2min：
表9
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000005
注：生物素杂交探针，即本发明中其它地方所称的外显子序列探针，用于捕获外显子单链片段。
(5)保持各反应体系于65℃，把13μL的反应体系二加入反应体系一中，混匀后全部转移到反应体系三中，封膜，杂交24小时。
10、杂交24小时后，用M280磁珠(即带有链霉亲和素的磁珠)对杂交样 品进行洗脱，带着磁珠，按照如下体系(表10)及反应条件(表11)再次进行PCR，在二号接头端引入生物素，并且使产物达到600ng，以进行下一步单链分离。
表10
组分 含量
DNA 120μL
5×PCR缓冲液 40μL
10mM dNTPs 4μL
通用引物1 8μL
生物素引物2 8μL
PCR酶 4μL
纯水 16μL
合计 200μL
注：
通用引物1：5’-AGACAAGCTCGAGCTC-3’(SEQ ID NO：16)：
生物素引物2：
5’-bio-TCCTAAGACCGCTTGGCCTCCGACT-3’(SEQ ID NO：17)。
表11
Figure PCTCN2014088543-appb-000006
PCR后，用1.3倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化。
11、取600ng纯化后产物，用带有链霉亲和素的磁珠M280结合15分钟，在磁力架上清洗2次，最后用78μL0.1M的NaOH溶液变性双链，回收NaOH溶液，用37.5μL0.3M的MOPS(3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸，SIGMA)缓冲液中和 NaOH溶液。
12、单链环化，按照如下体系(表12)配置反应体系，37℃下反应1.5h。
表12
组分 含量
“桥”序列 20μL
纯水 178.3μL
10×连接缓冲液 35μL
100mM ATP 3.5μL
连接酶 1.2μL
上一步回收的单链DNA 112μL
合计 350μL
注：“桥”序列：5’-TCGAGCTTGTCTTCCTAAGACCGC-3’(SEQ ID NO：18)。
13、消化未环化单链，按如下体系(表13)配置反应体系，混匀，短暂离心后，取20μL加入上一步反应体系中，继续37℃孵育30分钟。
表13
组分 含量
10×连接缓冲液 3.7μL
20U/μL外切酶I 11.1μL
100U/μL外切酶III 5.2μL
合计 20μL
14、消化未环化单链后，用1.8倍数的Ampure XP beads纯化。然后，测单链DNA溶度(表14)，合格后即可上机测序。本实施例有0.65pmol产物，足够做成DNA纳米球，进行全基因组测序。单链环化并消化未环化单链后，取少量产物电泳检测结果如图4所示，其中泳道1表示本实施例得到的单链环化产物，呈预期的弥散状，大小基本介于600-800nt之间，符合单链环状文库的要求。
表14
参数 数值
浓度 1.62ng/μL
体积 40μL
总量 64.8ng
摩尔数 0.65pmol
15、以上文库在CG测序仪上的测序结果如表15所示。
表15
参数 数值
覆盖度 98.6％
SNP数目 42000
dbSNP数据一致性 98.65％
基因分型一致性 99.97％
单碱基累计覆盖深度分布图如图5所示。以上结果说明，本发明上述实施例构建的核酸单链环状文库能够成功用于测序，并得到较为理想的结果。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种核酸单链环状文库的构建方法，包括如下步骤：
    使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行随机打断，其中所述转座酶包埋复合体包含转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，打断的核酸两端连接所述第一接头并且形成缺口；
    去除体系中的转座酶，然后使用连接酶在所述缺口处连接上第二接头，所述第二接头的序列不同于所述第一接头；
    使用分别靶向结合所述第一接头和所述第二接头的引物进行第一PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记；
    将所述第一PCR反应的产物与具有第二亲和标记的固相载体接触，使所述第一亲和标记与所述第二亲和标记形成亲和结合；
    对结合到所述固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，分离出无亲和标记的单链；
    使用单链环化“桥”序列对所述单链进行环化，其中所述单链环化“桥”序列能够同时结合所述单链的两端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PCR反应之前，使用分别靶向结合所述第一接头和所述第二接头的引物进行第二PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二PCR反应使用的引物对中有一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第二PCR反应之后且在所述第一PCR反应之前，使用外显子序列探针捕获所述第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，其中所述外显子序列探针具有所述第一亲和标记，能够与所述固相载体上的第二亲和标记形成亲和结合，而将所述含有外显子序列的单链分离出来，以用于进行第一PCR反应。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在使用外显子序列探针捕获所述第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链之前，使用引物封闭序列封闭所述第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一亲和标记为生物素标记；所述第二亲和标记为链霉亲和素标记。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述去除体系中的转座酶采用磁珠纯化、过柱纯化或化学试剂处理的方式进行。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述固相载体为磁珠。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    使用转座酶包埋复合体对核酸进行随机打断，其中所述转座酶包埋复合体包含转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，打断的核酸两端连接所述第一接头并且形成缺口；
    去除体系中的转座酶，然后使用连接酶在所述缺口处连接上第二接头，所述第二接头的序列不同于所述第一接头；
    使用分别靶向结合所述第一接头和所述第二接头的引物进行第二PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列；
    使用引物封闭序列封闭所述第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列；
    使用外显子序列探针捕获所述第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，其中所述外显子序列探针具有生物素标记，能够与固相载体上的链霉亲和素标记形成亲和结合，而将所述含有外显子序列的单链分离出来；
    使用针对所述含有外显子序列的单链两端的引物进行第一PCR反应，得到两端分别连接有不同接头序列的产物，其中一条引物在5’端具有生物素标记；
    将所述第一PCR反应的产物与具有链霉亲和素标记的固相载体接触，使所述生物素标记与所述链霉亲和素标记形成亲和结合；
    对结合到所述固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，分离出无亲和标记的单链；
    使用单链环化“桥”序列对所述单链进行环化，其中所述单链环化“桥”序列能够同时结合所述无亲和标记的单链的两端。
  10. 一种核酸单链环状文库的构建试剂，包括如下组成部分：
    转座酶和含转座酶识别序列的第一接头，用于形成转座酶包埋复合体以对核酸进行随机打断，在打断的核酸两端连接所述第一接头并且形成缺口；
    第二接头和连接酶组分，用于在所述缺口处连接上第二接头；
    用于第一PCR反应的引物，其中一条引物在5’端具有第一亲和标记，所述 引物分别靶向结合所述第一接头和所述第二接头；
    固相载体，具有第二亲和标记，用于与所述第一亲和标记形成亲和结合；
    变性溶液，用于对结合到所述固相载体上的PCR产物进行变性处理，以分离出无亲和标记的单链；
    单链环化“桥”序列，能够同时结合所述单链的两端，用于对所述单链进行环化。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的试剂，其特征在于，所述试剂还包括用于第二PCR反应的引物，用于分别靶向结合所述第一接头和所述第二接头；
    优选地，所述用于第二PCR反应的引物中有一条引物在5’端具有样本标签序列。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的试剂，其特征在于，所述试剂还包括外显子序列探针，用于捕获所述第二PCR反应的产物中含有外显子序列的单链，所述外显子序列探针具有所述第一亲和标记，能够与所述固相载体上的第二亲和标记形成亲和结合，而将所述含有外显子序列的单链分离出来；
    优选地，所述试剂还包括引物封闭序列，用于封闭所述第二PCR反应得到的产物单链两端的引物序列。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的试剂，其特征在于，所述第一亲和标记为生物素标记；所述第二亲和标记为链霉亲和素标记。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的试剂，其特征在于，所述固相载体为磁珠。
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