WO2015180224A1 - 一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、钯的工艺 - Google Patents

一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、钯的工艺 Download PDF

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WO2015180224A1
WO2015180224A1 PCT/CN2014/080778 CN2014080778W WO2015180224A1 WO 2015180224 A1 WO2015180224 A1 WO 2015180224A1 CN 2014080778 W CN2014080778 W CN 2014080778W WO 2015180224 A1 WO2015180224 A1 WO 2015180224A1
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palladium
platinum
extraction
solution
organic phase
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French (fr)
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席晓丽
聂祚仁
孙晓凯
马立文
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北京工业大学
席晓丽
聂祚仁
孙晓凯
马立文
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Priority to US14/903,513 priority Critical patent/US9957587B2/en
Priority to JP2016539401A priority patent/JP6072375B2/ja
Publication of WO2015180224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015180224A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/22Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/262Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds using alcohols or phenols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/28Amines
    • C22B3/282Aliphatic amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/34Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing sulfur, e.g. sulfonium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/44Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • the invention relates to a solvent extraction system for enriching and recovering precious metal platinum and palladium, and separating and extracting platinum, palladium precious metal and other base metals by solvent extraction to achieve the purpose of enriching and recovering precious metal platinum and palladium, belonging to resource recovery technology. field. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a simple and easy to operate, A solvent extraction process system capable of efficiently extracting noble metal platinum and palladium.
  • the invention adopts isoamyl alcohol as the extracting agent, 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea as the auxiliary extracting agent, and the platinum and palladium precious metals are enriched and recovered through the corresponding process, and the efficiency is high, and the extraction, separation and purification process of the precious metal is facilitated. .
  • a solvent extraction method for efficiently enriching and recovering precious metal platinum and palladium characterized in that: isoamyl alcohol is used as an extracting agent, 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea is used as an auxiliary extracting agent, and platinum and palladium-containing precious metals are used.
  • the feed liquid is extracted and enriched; the operation steps are as follows:
  • hydrochloric acid solution of the auxiliary extraction complex 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea has a HC1 concentration of 2.5-6 mol/L, wherein the mass fraction of 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea is 0.01% to 0.5%. .
  • volume ratio of the added 2-methoxyphenylthiourea-hydrochloric acid solution to the obtained aqueous phase is 1:2 to 1:5.
  • the organic phase after liquid separation is back-extracted, and after the stripping is completed, the stripping solution and the organic phase after stripping are obtained by liquid separation, and the organic phase after stripping is continuously used for extraction;
  • the raffinate and the stripping solution were diluted and the results were extracted by ICP.
  • the extraction system of the invention has simple process, high separation and enrichment rate, and is convenient for the separation and purification process of precious metals;
  • the extracting agent is isoamyl alcohol, and 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea is an auxiliary extracting agent;
  • the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the 2-methoxyphenylthiourea-hydrochloric acid solution is 2.5-6 mol/L, wherein the mass fraction of 2-methoxyphenylthiourea is 0.01%-0.5%, and the solution preparation process is 25 ⁇ Mixing in a 50 ° C water bath to facilitate dissolution;
  • the volume ratio of the added 2-methoxyphenylthiourea-hydrochloric acid solution to the obtained aqueous phase stock solution is 1:2-1:5, and the obtained aqueous phase stock solution contains platinum and palladium concentration of 0.01-5 mg/L;
  • the stripping is an aqueous solution using thiourea, wherein the thiourea has a mass fraction of 1% to 5%.
  • 2-methoxyphenyl thiourea is used as an auxiliary extraction complexing agent, and is added to the aqueous phase to separate the noble ruthenium metal during extraction, thereby achieving the effect of efficiently extracting precious metal platinum and palladium without extracting ruthenium metal;
  • the system of the invention has simple operation process, low equipment requirement, good extraction and enrichment effect on platinum-palladium precious metal, and high applicability and flexibility. detailed description

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于溶剂萃取法高效富集回收铂、钯贵金属的工艺,采用异戊醇作为萃取剂,以2-甲氧基苯基硫脲作为助萃络合剂,通过将2-甲氧基苯基硫脲加入水相与铂,钯作用,再以异戊醇为萃取剂萃入有机相,由此实现贵金属与贱金属的分离提取,提高了铂、钯贵金属的富集回收率。

Description

一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的溶剂萃取体系, 利用溶剂 萃取法将铂、 钯贵金属与其他贱金属分离提取, 达到富集回收贵金属铂、 钯 的目的, 属于资源回收技术领域。 背景技术
随着经济的发展和社会的进步, 人们对贵金属的需求量越来越大。 而贵 金属, 尤其是铂族金属越来越广泛的应用于石油化工、 尾气净化、 电子技术 等各个领域。 铂族金属在地壳中的储量稀少, 但在一些含贵金属的废弃资源 中, 如废旧电子元件等, 含有含量可观的铂、 钯贵金属。 从二次资源中回收 贵金属铂、 钯可以弥补部分供应不足。 随着各领域的发展, 产生的铂、 钯贵 金属二次资源也在不断增加。 因此对含铂、 钯贵金属的废弃物再生利用, 使 其资源化, 已成为伴随我国社会经济发展而产生的一个重大课题。
贵金属富集回收的方法很多, 传统的以沉淀为主的铂族金属分离提取工 艺过程冗长、 收率低、 成本高、 操作繁琐。 自溶剂萃取分离工艺显露出其优 越性之后, 应用该法提取和纯化铂族金属引起了人们的极大重视。 溶剂萃取 技术由具有工艺简化、 分离效果好、 贵金属收率高、 生产操作安全、 对各种 物料的适用性和灵活性较大、 处理容量大、 易实现自动化等优点被国内外学 者公认为是分离提取铂族金属的高新技术。
但是在溶剂萃取过程中, 由于废弃资源所含成分的复杂性, 贵金属与贱 金属的分离富集一直是一个较为繁琐的过程, 贱金属的存在常会影响贵金属 的萃取回收, 导致回收过程复杂、 能耗增高、 易污染环境、 效率低成本高等 缺点。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有工艺的不足,提供一种简单的、易于操作的, 能高效的将贵金属铂、 钯富集提取的溶剂萃取工艺体系。
本发明采用异戊醇为萃取剂, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲为助萃络合剂,通过相应 工艺对铂、 钯贵金属富集回收, 效率高, 且便于衔接贵金属的萃取分离提纯 过程。
为实现上述目的, 本发明操作步骤如下:
一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的工艺, 其特征在于: 采用异 戊醇为萃取剂, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲为助萃络合剂, 对含铂、钯贵金属料液进行 提取富集; 操作步骤如下:
( 1 ) 向含贵金属铂、 钯的料液中加入 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液, 调 节料液酸度即 ίΤ浓度至 3~5mo]/L, 摇匀静置, 作为水相原液; 水相原液中含 铂、 钯浓度为 0.01~5mg/L;
(2) 量取定量异戊醇, 作为有机相;
(3) 将有机相与水相原液按照体积比 1:1~ 1 :2.5加入到分液漏斗中, 振荡 l~5min后取出静置分液, 得到萃余液及分液后的有机相, 将分液后的有机相 进行反萃, 再分液得到反萃液, 完成贵金属萃取富集。
进一步, 所述助萃络合剂 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲的盐酸溶液的 HC1浓度为 2.5~6mol/L, 其中 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲的质量分数为 0.01%~0.5%。
进一步, 其特征在于所述加入的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液与所得水 相原液体积比为 1:2~1:5。
将分液后的有机相进行反萃, 反萃结束后再经分液得到反萃液及反萃后 的有机相, 反萃后的有机相继续用于萃取;
将萃余液及反萃液经稀释处理, 并通过 ICP测试萃取结果。
本发明所述萃取体系工艺简单, 分离富集率高, 便于衔接贵金属分离提 纯过程;
所述萃取剂为异戊醇, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲为助萃络合剂;
所述 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液的盐酸浓度为 2.5~6mol/L, 其中 2-甲 氧基苯基硫脲的质量分数为 0.01%~0.5%, 溶液配制过程在 25~50°C水浴搅拌 利于溶解;
所述加入的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液与所得水相原液体积比为 1:2-1:5, 得到的水相原液中含铂、 钯浓度为 0.01~5mg /L; 所述反萃是采用硫脲的水溶液, 其中硫脲的质量分数在 1%~5%。
本发明优势体现在:
( 1 )采用异戊醇作为萃取剂,无需其他稀释剂,既化简工艺又经济环保;
(2)采用 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲作为助萃络合剂, 加入到水相中, 使萃取时 贵贱金属得到分离, 达到高效萃取贵金属铂、 钯而不萃取贱金属的效果;
( 3 ) 本发明体系操作过程简单, 设备要求低, 对铂钯贵金属萃取富集效 果好, 适用性和灵活性较大。 具体实施方式
以下结合具体实例, 对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实例一:
1.分别配制铂、 钯浓度各为 25mg /L的工作液, 镍、 铜、 铁、 铝、 锰浓度 为 400mg /L的工作液;
在 35°C恒温水浴磁力搅拌, 以 2.5mol/L的 HC1溶液溶解 2-甲氧基苯基硫 脲, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲质量分数为 0.05%, 得到 0.05% 的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲- 盐酸溶液;
2. 水相原液的配制:
实验中, 每组萃取实验用水相 25ml, 以一组为例配制如下:
用移液枪取已配制好的铂、钯、镍、铜、铁、铝、锰工作液各 lml, 0.05% 的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲-盐酸溶液 10ml, 调节酸度([ίΤ] ) 为 3mol/L, 得到体积 25ml的水相原液, 摇匀待用; 水相原液中各贵贱金属含量如表 1所示:
表 1 :
Figure imgf000004_0001
3. 溶剂萃取:
室温下取配制好的水相原液 25ml, 异戊醇有机相 15ml于 50ml的分液漏 斗中, 放置在调速振荡器上进行萃取反应, 时间 4min。 萃取结束后, 静置分 液, 得到萃余液, 有机相留在分液漏斗中;
4. 反萃取:
配制质量百分比浓度为 2%的硫脲水溶液, 用移液枪取 20ml于步骤 3分 液后的分液漏斗中, 与其中的有机相进行反萃实验, 振荡时间 5ηώι, 反萃结 束后分液, 得到反萃液及反萃后的有机相。反萃后的有机相可继续用在步骤 3 中进行萃取, 实现多次利用;
5. 实验结果分析
萃取及反萃实验完成后, 将萃余液及反萃液进行 ICP测试, 经数据分析 可以得到,本体系对贵金属的萃取富集效果显著,铂、钯的萃取率分别在 99%、 99.2%以上, 反萃率近 100%。 而对贱金属没有萃取效果, 萃取率为 0。 实例二:
1. 分别配制铂、 钯浓度各为 50mg /L的工作液, 镍、 铜、 铁、 锡、 铝、 锰、 铅浓度为 1000mg /L的工作液;
在 40°C恒温水浴磁力搅拌, 以 6mol/L的 HC1溶液溶解 2-甲氧基苯基硫 脲, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲质量分数为 0.2%, 得到 0.2% 的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲-盐 酸溶液;
2. 水相原液的配制:
实验中, 每组萃取实验用水相 25ml, 以一组为例配制如下:
用移液枪取已配制好的铂、 钯、 镍、 铜、 铁、 铅、 铝、 锰、 锡工作液各 lml, 0.2%的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲-盐酸溶液 10ml, 调节酸度([ίΤ] )为 4mol/L, 得到体积 25ml的水相原液, 摇匀待用; 水相原液中各贵贱金属含量如表 2所 表 2:
Figure imgf000005_0001
3. 溶剂萃取: 室温下取配制好的水相原液 25ml, 异戊醇有机相 20ml于 50ml的分液漏 斗中, 放置在调速振荡器上进行萃取反应, 时间 3min。 萃取结束后, 静置分 液, 得到萃余液, 而有机相留在分液漏斗中;
4. 反萃取:
配制质量百分比浓度为 2%的硫脲水溶液, 用移液枪取 20ml于步骤 3分 液后的分液漏斗中, 与其中的有机相进行反萃实验, 振荡时间 5ηώι, 反萃结 束后分液, 得到反萃液及反萃后的有机相。反萃后的有机相可继续用在步骤 3 中进行萃取, 实现多次使用;
5. 实验结果分析
萃取及反萃完成后, 经测试数据分析可以看出, 本体系在该条件下对贵 金属的萃取富集效果显著, 铂、 钯的萃取率在 99.5%以上, 反萃率近 100% , 而对贱金属萃取率为 0。 实例三:
1. 分别配制铂、 钯浓度各为 50mg /L的工作液, 镍、 铜、 铁、 锡、 铝、 锰、 铅浓度为 1000mg /L的工作液;
在 50°C恒温水浴磁力搅拌, 以 6mol/L的 HC1溶液溶解 2-甲氧基苯基硫 脲, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲质量分数为 0.5%, 得到 0.5% 的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲-盐 酸溶液;
2. 水相原液的配制:
实验中, 每组萃取实验用水相 25ml, 以一组为例配制如下:
用移液枪取已配制好的铂、 钯、 镍、 铜、 铁、 铅、 铝、 锡、 锰工作液各 lml, 0.5%的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲-盐酸溶液 10ml, 调节酸度([ίΤ] )为 4mol/L, 得到体积 25ml的水相原液, 摇匀待用; 水相原液中各贵贱金属含量如表 2所 表 2:
金属 铂 钯 镍 铜 铁 铅 锡 锰 铝 浓度 mg/L 2 2 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 3. 溶剂萃取:
室温下取配制好的水相原液 25ml, 异戊醇有机相 25ml于 50ml的分液漏 斗中, 放置在调速振荡器上进行萃取反应, 时间 2min。 萃取结束后, 静置分 液, 得到萃余液, 而有机相留在分液漏斗中;
4. 反萃取:
配制质量百分比浓度为 3%的硫脲水溶液, 用移液枪取 20ml于步骤 3分 液后的分液漏斗中, 与其中的有机相进行反萃实验, 振荡时间 5ηώι, 反萃结 束后分液, 得到反萃液及反萃后的有机相。反萃后的有机相可继续用在步骤 3 中进行萃取, 实现多次使用;
5. 实验结果分析
萃取及反萃完成后, 经测试数据分析可以看出, 本体系在该条件下对贵 金属的萃取富集效果显著, 铂、 钯的萃取率在 99.9%以上, 反萃率近 100% , 而对贱金属萃取率为 0

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的工艺, 其特征在于: 采 用异戊醇为萃取剂, 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲为助萃络合剂, 对含铂、 钯贵金属料 液进行提取富集; 操作步骤如下:
(1) 向含贵金属铂、 钯的料液中加入 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液, 调 节料液酸度即 H+浓度至 ; T5mol/L, 摇匀静置, 作为水相原液; 水相原液中含 铂、 钯浓度为 0.0广 5mg /L;
(2) 量取定量异戊醇, 作为有机相;
(3)将有机相与水相原液按照体积比 1:广1:2.5 加入到分液漏斗中, 振 荡广 5min后取出静置分液, 得到萃余液及分液后的有机相, 将分液后的有机 相进行反萃, 再分液得到反萃液, 完成贵金属萃取富集。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的基于溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的工 艺, 其特征在于所述助萃络合剂 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲的盐酸溶液的 HC1浓度为 2.5〜6mol/L, 其中 2_甲氧基苯基硫脲的质量分数为 0.01%〜0.5%。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的基于溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、 钯的工 艺, 其特征在于所述加入的 2-甲氧基苯基硫脲一盐酸溶液与所得水相原液体 积比为 1:2〜1:5。
PCT/CN2014/080778 2014-05-31 2014-06-26 一种溶剂萃取法高效富集回收贵金属铂、钯的工艺 WO2015180224A1 (zh)

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