CN111206150B - 一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属富集分离方法 - Google Patents
一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属富集分离方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111206150B CN111206150B CN202010167443.5A CN202010167443A CN111206150B CN 111206150 B CN111206150 B CN 111206150B CN 202010167443 A CN202010167443 A CN 202010167443A CN 111206150 B CN111206150 B CN 111206150B
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 11
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- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
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- C22B3/409—Mixtures at least one compound being an organo-metallic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/14—Obtaining zirconium or hafnium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
- C22B34/225—Obtaining vanadium from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/24—Obtaining niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/34—Obtaining molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B34/34—Obtaining molybdenum
- C22B34/345—Obtaining molybdenum from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/36—Obtaining tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/36—Obtaining tungsten
- C22B34/365—Obtaining tungsten from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B61/00—Obtaining metals not elsewhere provided for in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/007—Modifying reagents for adjusting pH or conductivity
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属深度富集分离方法,该方法是向含稀贵金属离子溶液中,依次加入pH调整剂I、选择性浮萃剂、气泡分散剂并通入微泡,促使气泡疏水矿化形成离子‑浮萃药剂‑气泡微液滴,最后通过浮游萃取深度富集稀贵金属组分;再向上述获得的高富集比稀贵金属溶液中依次加入pH调整剂II、选择性反萃剂,反萃分离稀贵金属组分。该方法对溶解态高相似稀贵金属的选择性分离效果好,有效克服传统溶剂萃取流程冗长、萃取剂高消耗的缺点,工艺流程简单、操作成本低,特别适用于溶解态高相似稀贵金属的深度分离。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属富集分离方法。
背景技术
钽、铌、钨、钼、钪、钇、锆、铪、铂、铑、钌、铼、镓、铟等稀贵金属是国家战略高科技产业不可替代的关键基础原材料,在电子、机械、能源、航空航天、原子能和医疗等领域具有重要应用。美国、欧盟和日本均将其列入重要战略金属而限制出口。我国稀贵金属资源非常有限,仅占全球储量的0.39%,对外依存度高。由于上述稀贵金属都属于过度金属元素,在元素周期表位置紧邻,且受镧系收缩效应影响,溶解态稀贵金属离子半径相近、化学共性多、性质高度相似导致分离极其困难,钨/钼、钽/铌、锆/铪、钪/钇等相似元素的深度分离一直是困扰冶金界的重要技术难题。目前,溶解态稀贵金属分离方法主要包括化学沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法等。
化学沉淀法:通过离子的选择性沉淀实现浸出液中有价金属的分离回收,主要包括中和沉淀、硫化沉淀和钙/铵盐沉淀等。王存锦等(CN110106358A)采用锰/铁盐混合沉淀剂从高钨高钼钨钼酸盐溶液中沉淀分离钨钼,可以实现高钨高钼钨钼酸盐溶液中钨钼的初步分离。姚素玲等(CN102586607A)采用沉淀-络合法从失效铂合金网中提取铂、铑、钯,可以分步提取合金中的铂、铑。该法适合处理高浓度稀贵金属浸出液,对低浓度的浸出液选择性分离效果差,难以实现高相似金属深度分离,且沉淀过程中化学试剂消耗大,产生大量污泥容易造成二次污染。
离子交换法:依据离子交换树脂对金属离子吸附性能的差异实现有价元素的分离回收。王永平(CN105441679A)、曹佐英(CN109534403A)等采用离子交换法进行钨钼分离,首先将钼硫化得到硫代钼酸盐,再用弱碱性阴离子交换树脂进行离子交换吸附硫代钼酸盐,得到钨酸盐溶液。郭永忠等(CN104496076A)采用离子交换法处理钽铌湿法冶炼废水,实现了废水中有价组元的分离回收。离子交换法生产规模小、效率低、操作成本高等缺点严重限制其在稀贵金属分离领域的规模化工业应用。
溶剂萃取法:根据金属离子在水相和有机相之间分配系数的差异而实现金属离子的选择性分离。李大炳等(CN106929695A)采用多级逆流萃取-反萃工艺,实现浸出液中锆铪的高效分离。钟晖等(CN109022777A)研发出一种包括酸化后仲辛醇或酸化后MIBK的钽铌萃取剂,能够提高钽铌的一次萃取率。溶剂萃取法工艺流程复杂,理论收率与萃取级数间存在矛盾平衡,通常需要串级萃取强化传质才能实现金属离子深度分离。
上述溶解态高相似金属稀贵金属分离方法存在选择性差、成本高、流程复杂等缺点,且当溶液中金属离子浓度较低时,分离效率极低,难以实现深度分离。因此,研究溶解态高相似稀贵金属的选择性深度分离技术,对我国稀贵金属清洁分离与回收利用具有重要战略意义。
发明内容
针对现有溶解态高相似稀贵金属分离技术存在选择性差、成本高、流程复杂等问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属深度富集分离方法,该方法采用浮萃药剂对难分离稀贵金属钨/钼、钽/铌、锆/铪、钪/钇、铂/铑、钒/铬、钌/铼、镓/铟进行选择性调控,通过浮游萃取对特定离子深度富集,并经过反萃过程高效分离高富集比稀贵金属溶液,最终实现溶解态高相似稀贵金属的选择性富集与高效分离。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属深度富集分离方法,向含稀贵金属离子的溶液中加入pH调整剂I调节溶液pH至4~6.5,再依次加入离子选择性浮萃剂、气泡分散剂并通入空气进行浮选分离,得到泡沫产品和浮选余液;向上述获得的泡沫产品中依次加入pH调整剂II、反萃剂,反萃后的泡沫相为稀贵金属组分,稀贵金属组分经过干燥、高温煅烧得到高纯度的稀贵金属产品。
本发明的关键在于调控溶解态高相似稀贵金属离子的选择性,通过改变溶液pH,调控金属离子存在形态,扩大离子选择性差异。如不同pH条件下,钨钼形成聚合离子的能力具有一定差异;不同酸度条件下,钽铌萃取能力具有显著差异。在此基础上,选用对特定稀贵金属离子具有高选择性的浮萃药剂,使金属离子形成离子-浮萃药剂-气泡微液滴,基于浮游萃取方法,通过非均相反应和动态扩散强化金属离子-药剂-气泡微液滴传质分离,再借助反萃分离过程,最终实现溶解态高相似稀贵金属的选择性富集与高效分离。
优选的方案,本发明所述离子选择性浮萃剂由以下质量份组分组成:C6~C18伯胺类浮萃剂30~60份;有机磷类浮萃剂 20~40份;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 20~40份;腐植酸10~20份。上述离子选择性浮萃剂对特定离子具有高选择性,可以实现浸出液中特定离子的富集分离。
优选的方案,本发明所述伯胺类浮萃剂为己胺、壬胺、十二胺、十六胺和十八胺中的至少一种;有机磷类浮萃剂为P204、P507和Cyanex 207的至少一种;所述离子选择性浮萃剂的添加量为500 mg/L~10 g/L。
优选的方案,本发明所述气泡分散剂为水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠、木素黄酸盐、腐植酸中的一种或多种;所述气泡分散剂的添加量为20~100 mg/L。上述气泡分散剂可以将气泡分散为微纳气泡,促使气泡疏水矿化形成离子-浮萃药剂-气泡微液滴。
优选的方案,本发明所述反萃剂包括以下质量份组分:NH3·H2O 20~40份;(NH4)2CO3 20~40份;(NH4)2SO4 20~40份;所述反萃剂的添加量为2~15 g/L。上述的反萃剂具有较高的分离性能,可以实现高富集比稀贵金属溶液高效分离。
优选的方案,所述pH调整剂I为下述中的一种:(1)HNO3和/或NaNO3,(2)HCl和/或NaOH,(3)H2SO4和Na2CO3或 NaHCO3,加入pH调整剂I后溶液pH为4~6.5;pH调整剂II为盐酸、硫酸或硝酸,加入pH调整剂II后溶液pH为2.1~4.0。
优选的方案,本发明所述干燥是指100~150℃干燥30~60 min,高温煅烧是指500~700℃煅烧3~10 h。
优选的方案,本发明所述稀贵金属溶液来源于废弃钒/钼/钨催化剂、废弃钽铌电容器、赤泥、废弃铂铑合金、钽铁矿、铌铁矿、钼尾矿、钨渣以及钒铬渣的浸出液或废水,溶液中至少含下述金属离子对中的一种:(1)钽和铌、(2)钨和钼、(3)钪和钇、(4)锆和铪、(5)铂和铑、(6)钒和铬、(7)钌和铼、(8)镓和铟;溶液中金属离子浓度范围为200 mg/L~5 g/L。
相对现有技术,本发明的技术方案带来的有益效果在于:
本发明首次通过浮游萃取方法来实现溶解态高相似稀贵金属的深度富集分离。浮游萃取兼具溶剂萃取(湿法冶金)与泡沫浮选(矿物分选)双重优势。浮游萃取过程侧重气泡疏水矿化形成离子-浮萃药剂-气泡微液滴,通过非均相反应和动态扩散强化金属离子-药剂-气泡微液滴传质分离,同时实现离子富集与分离,克服传统分离方法处理溶解态高相似金属离子存在分离效率低、流程冗长、成本高的缺点,相对于传统分离方法具有明显优势。
本发明采用浮游萃取过程的优势在于:溶液中金属离子浓度适应范围广,可处理低浓度和高浓度金属离子的溶液;药剂消耗少,分离效率高,可以梯次分步分离溶液中的稀贵金属。此外,目前浮游萃取技术在溶解态高相似稀贵金属分离领域几乎没有相关报道。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。需要说明的是,这些实施例仅为了更好的理解本发明,而不是限制本发明所保护的范围。
实施例1
一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似钨钼富集分离方法,如图1所示,过程如下:
(1)向1L钼酸根浓度为2 g/L、钨酸根浓度为1 g/L的溶液中,加入1 mol/L盐酸和/或1 mol/L氢氧化钠,调节溶液的pH值为6.5,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十二胺50质量份,P204 20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 20质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为2 g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,将混合液搅拌均匀得离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,向溶液中通入空气形成直径100 nm~10 μm微泡,将疏水矿化的气泡-钨酸根离子-浮萃药剂微液滴选择性浮选富集5 min,泡沫产品即为富钨组分物质;
(2)再向浮选余液中加入1 mol/L盐酸调节溶液pH值为4.0,向溶液中加入选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十二胺为40质量份,P204为20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为20质量份,腐植酸20质量份,浓度为4 g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,搅拌均匀并通入空气得气泡-钼酸根离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,钼酸根通过浮选富集3 min,泡沫产品即为富钼组分物质;
(3)上述两种泡沫产品经选择性反萃,反萃剂组成为:NH3·H2O 30质量份,(NH4)2CO3 30质量份份,(NH4)2SO4 40质量份,选择性反萃剂浓度为3 g/L;
(4)上述反萃后的泡沫相钨、钼组分压滤后在120℃干燥30 min,经过650℃煅烧8h获得高纯度氧化钨和氧化钼产品。
氧化钨产品质量为968 mg,氧化钨产品中杂质钼含量为43 mg,氧化钨产品纯度为95.6%;氧化钼产品质量为1957 mg,氧化钼产品中杂质钨含量为32 mg,氧化钼产品纯度高达98.4%,钨钼分离效果良好。
实施例2
一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似铌钽富集分离方法,如图1所示,过程如下:
(1)向1L钽酸根浓度为1g/L、铌酸浓度为1g/L溶液中,加入1 mol/L硫酸和1 mol/L碳酸钠,调节溶液的pH值为4.0,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十八胺为50质量份,P507 20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵20质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为2 g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为80 mg/L,将混合液搅拌均匀得离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,向溶液中通入空气形成直径100 nm~10 μm微泡,将疏水矿化的气泡-钽离子-浮萃药剂微液滴选择性浮选富集5 min,泡沫产品即为富钽组分物质;
(2)再向浮选余液中加入1 mol/L硫酸调节溶液pH值为2.5,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十八胺为30质量份,P507为30质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为20质量份,腐植酸20质量份,浓度为400 mg/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,搅拌均匀并通入空气得气泡-铌离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,铌离子通过浮选富集3 min,泡沫产品即为富铌组分物质;
(3)上述泡沫产品经选择性反萃,反萃剂组成为:NH3·H2O 40质量份,(NH4)2CO3 40质量份份,(NH4)2SO4 20质量份,反萃剂浓度为2 g/L;
(4)上述反萃后的泡沫相钽、铌组分压滤后在150℃干燥60 min,经过650℃煅烧8h获得氧化钽、氧化铌产品。
氧化铌产品质量为987 mg,氧化铌产品中杂质钽含量为32 mg,氧化铌产品纯度高达96.8%;氧化钽产品质量为968 mg,氧化钽产品中杂质铌含量为13 mg,氧化钽产品纯度高达98.7%,钽铌分离效果良好。
实施例3
一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似钪钇富集分离方法,如图1所示,过程如下:
(1)向1L钪离子浓度为100 mg/L、钇离子浓度为100 mg/L溶液中,加入1 mol/L盐酸和/或1 mol/L氢氧化钠,调节溶液的pH值为5.0,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十六胺为40质量份,P507为20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为30质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为500 mg/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,将混合液搅拌均匀得离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,向溶液中通入空气形成直径100 nm~10 μm微泡,将疏水矿化的气泡-钽/钇离子-浮萃药剂微液滴浮选富集5 min,泡沫产品即为富钪钇组分物质;
(2)再向泡沫产品液中加入浓度为1 mol/L盐酸调节溶液pH值为2.1,向溶液中加入反萃剂,其组成为:NH3·H2O 40质量份,(NH4)2CO3 质量40份,(NH4)2SO4 20质量份,浓度为200 mg/L,搅拌均匀进行反萃分离钪,疏水相即为富钪组分物质,萃余相为富钇物质;
(3)上述反萃后的泡沫相钪、钇组分压滤后在140℃干燥50 min,经过650℃煅烧8h获得高纯度氧化钪、氧化钇产品。
氧化钪产品质量为96.3 mg,氧化钪产品中杂质钇含量为3.4 mg,氧化钪产品纯度高达96.5%;氧化钇产品质量为96.6 mg,氧化钇产品中杂质钪含量为2.7 mg,氧化钇产品纯度高达97.2%,钪钇分离效果良好。
对比例1
该对比例中pH不在优选范围内。
(1)向1L钼酸根浓度为2 g/L、钨酸根浓度为1 g/L溶液中,加入1 mol/L盐酸和/或1 mol/L氢氧化钠,调节溶液的pH值为9,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十二胺50质量份,P204 20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵20质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为2g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,将混合液搅拌均匀得离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,向溶液中通入空气形成直径100 nm~10 μm微泡,将疏水矿化的气泡-钨酸根离子-浮萃药剂微液滴选择性浮选富集5 min,泡沫产品干燥即为富钨组分物质;
(2)再向浮选余液中加入1 mol/L盐酸调节溶液pH值为2.0,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十二胺50质量份,P204为20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵20质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为4 g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,搅拌均匀并通入空气得气泡-钼酸根离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,钼酸根通过浮选富集3 min,泡沫产品干燥即为富钼组分物质;
(3)上述泡沫产品经选择性反萃,反萃剂组成为:NH3·H2O 20质量份,(NH4)2CO3 40质量份,(NH4)2SO4 40质量份,反萃剂浓度为3 g/L;
(4)上述反萃后的泡沫相钨、钼组分压滤后在120℃干燥30 min,经过650℃煅烧8h获得氧化钨、氧化钼产品。
氧化钨产品质量为734 mg,氧化钨产品中杂质钼含量为422 mg,氧化钨产品纯度为42.5%;氧化钼产品质量为1578 mg,氧化钼产品中杂质钨含量为266 mg,氧化钼产品纯度为83.1%,钨钼分离效果差。
对比例2
该对比例中浮萃剂配比不在优选范围内。
(1)向1L钽酸根浓度为1g/L、铌酸根浓度为1g/L溶液中,加入1 mol/L硫酸和1mol/L碳酸钠,调节溶液的pH值为4.0,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十八胺为60质量份,P507为20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为10质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为2 g/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为80 mg/L,将混合液搅拌均匀得离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,向溶液中通入空气形成直径100 nm~10 μm微泡,将疏水矿化的气泡-钽离子-浮萃药剂微液滴选择性浮选富集5 min,泡沫产品干燥即为富钽组分物质;
(2)再向浮选余液中加入1 mol/L硫酸调节溶液pH值为2.5,向溶液中加入离子选择性浮萃剂,其组成为:十八胺为60质量份,P507为20质量份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为10质量份,腐植酸10质量份,浓度为400 mg/L,再加入六偏磷酸钠分散剂,浓度为50 mg/L,搅拌均匀并通入空气得气泡-铌离子-浮萃药剂微液滴,铌离子通过浮选富集3 min,泡沫产品干燥即为富铌组分物质;
(3)上述泡沫产品经选择性反萃,反萃剂组成为NH3·H2O 40质量份,(NH4)2CO3 20质量份份,(NH4)2SO4 40质量份,反萃剂浓度为2 g/L;
(4)上述反萃后的泡沫相钽、铌组分压滤后在150℃干燥60 min,经过650℃煅烧8h获得氧化钽、氧化铌产品。
氧化铌产品质量为727 mg,氧化铌产品中杂质钽含量为287 mg,氧化铌产品纯度高达60.5%;氧化钽产品质量为713 mg,氧化钽产品中杂质铌含量为273 mg,氧化钽产品纯度高达61.7%,钽铌分离效果差。
综上所述,通过对比例分析,对于不同浓度范围的稀贵金属离子溶液,浮游萃取技术可以显著提高分离效率。且该技术药剂消耗少,操作简单,对设备要求较低,适合工业化放大生产。
Claims (2)
1. 一种基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属富集分离方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:向含稀贵金属离子的溶液中加入pH调整剂I调节溶液pH至4~6.5,再依次加入离子选择性浮萃剂、气泡分散剂并通入空气进行浮选分离,得到泡沫产品和浮选余液;向泡沫产品中依次加入pH调整剂II、反萃剂,反萃后的泡沫相为稀贵金属组分,稀贵金属组分经过干燥、高温煅烧得到稀贵金属产品;所述离子选择性浮萃剂由以下质量份组分组成:C6~C18伯胺类浮萃剂30~50份;有机磷类浮萃剂20~40份;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 20~40份;腐植酸10~20份;伯胺类浮萃剂为己胺、壬胺、十二胺、十六胺和十八胺中的至少一种;有机磷类浮萃剂为P204、P507和Cyanex 207的至少一种;所述离子选择性浮萃剂的添加量为500 mg/L~10g/L;气泡分散剂为水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠、木素黄酸盐、腐植酸中的至少一种;所述气泡分散剂的添加量为20~100 mg/L;所述反萃剂由以下质量份组分组成:NH3·H2O 20~40份;(NH4)2CO3 20~40份;(NH4)2SO4 20~40份;所述反萃剂的添加量为2~15 g/L;所述pH调整剂I为下述中的一种:(1)HNO3和/或NaNO3,(2)HCl和/或NaOH,(3)H2SO4和Na2CO3或 NaHCO3;pH调整剂II为盐酸、硫酸或硝酸,加入pH调整剂II后溶液pH为2.1~4.0;所述稀贵金属溶液至少含下述金属离子对中的一种:(1)钽和铌、(2)钨和钼、(3)钪和钇、(4)锆和铪、(5)铂和铑、(6)钒和铬、(7)钌和铼、(8)镓和铟;溶液中金属离子浓度范围为200 mg/L~5 g/L。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于浮游萃取的溶解态高相似稀贵金属富集分离方法,其特征在于,干燥是指100~150℃干燥30~60 min,高温煅烧是指500~700℃煅烧3~10 h。
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