WO2015125884A1 - 熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム - Google Patents
熱サイクルシステム用組成物および熱サイクルシステム Download PDFInfo
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
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- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
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- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for a heat cycle system and a heat cycle system using the composition.
- CFC chlorofluorocarbons
- HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbons
- HFC-32 difluoromethane
- HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
- HFC-125 hydrofluorocarbons
- R410A a pseudo-azeotropic mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125 having a mass ratio of 1: 1 is a refrigerant that has been widely used.
- HFC may cause global warming.
- R410A has been widely used for ordinary air-conditioning equipment called so-called package air conditioners and room air conditioners because of its high refrigerating capacity.
- GWP global warming potential
- the global warming potential (GWP) is as high as 2088, and therefore development of a low GWP working medium is required.
- R410A is simply replaced and the devices that have been used so far continue to be used.
- HFO olefins
- HFC saturated HFC
- HFC is referred to as HFC, and is used separately from HFO.
- HFC is specified as a saturated hydrofluorocarbon.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to a working medium using trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) that has the above-described characteristics and provides excellent cycle performance.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique related to a working medium using 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132) that has the above-mentioned characteristics and provides excellent cycle performance.
- HFO-1123 or HFO-1132 in combination with various HFCs and HFOs for the purpose of improving the nonflammability and cycle performance of the working medium. ing.
- HFOs such as these are compounds that contain unsaturated bonds in the molecule and have a very short lifetime in the atmosphere. Therefore, under conditions where compression and heating in a thermal cycle are repeated, It is inferior in stability to saturated hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as HFC and HCFC, and lubricity may be reduced in the thermal cycle system.
- the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and in a composition for a thermal cycle system containing HFO, while making full use of the low global warming potential and excellent cycle performance possessed by HFO, HFO is more stably produced.
- Composition for thermal cycle system that can be lubricated, and thermal cycle system that uses the composition has less impact on global warming, has high cycle performance, and further improves the lubricity of the working medium for thermal cycle The purpose is to provide.
- the present invention provides a working medium for heat cycle, a composition for heat cycle system, and a heat cycle system having the configurations described in [1] to [15] below.
- a thermal cycle working medium comprising at least one unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (I) and having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule: And a refrigerating machine oil having a dielectric breakdown voltage of 25 kV or more, a hydroxyl value of 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, and an aniline point of ⁇ 100 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less. object.
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132).
- the composition for a heat cycle system according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the working medium for heat cycle further contains a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is trifluoromethane, difluoromethane (HFC-32), difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, trifluoroiodomethane, pentafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane,
- the composition for a thermal cycle system according to [4] comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of heptafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, and heptafluorocyclopentane.
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound contains HFO-1123, and the content of HFO-1123 with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium for heat cycle is 20 to 80% by mass.
- the composition for thermal cycle systems in any one of. [7] The saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound contains HFC-32, and the content of HFC-32 with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium for heat cycle is 20 to 80% by mass. [4] to [6] The composition for thermal cycle systems according to any one of the above. [8]
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound includes HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf, and the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound includes HFC-32.
- the ratio of the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 to the total amount of the working medium for heat cycle is more than 90% by mass and 100% by mass or less, As a percentage of the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf and HFC-32, HFO-1123 is 10 mass% or more and less than 70 mass%, HFO-1234yf is more than 0% by mass and 50% by mass or less,
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound includes HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf
- the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound includes HFC-32.
- the ratio of the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 to the total amount of the working medium for heat cycle is more than 90% by mass and 100% by mass or less, The ratio of mass to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf and HFC-32,
- the total amount of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is 70% by mass or more, HFO-1123 is 30 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less, HFO-1234yf is more than 0% by mass and 40% by mass or less, HFC-32 exceeds 0% by mass and is 30% by mass or less,
- the ratio of HFO-1123 to HFO-1234yf is 95/5 or less,
- the composition for a heat cycle system according to [4] or [5].
- composition for a heat cycle system according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the refrigerating machine oil is at least one selected from polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil and polyvinyl ether type refrigerating machine oil.
- refrigerating machine oil according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the refrigerating machine oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 5 to 200 mm 2 / s and a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 1 to 100 mm 2 / s.
- a composition for a thermal cycle system A composition for a thermal cycle system.
- thermal cycle system using the thermal cycle system composition according to any one of [1] to [11].
- the thermal cycle system according to [12] wherein the thermal cycle system is at least one selected from refrigeration / refrigeration equipment, air conditioning equipment, power generation systems, heat transport devices, and secondary coolers.
- the thermal cycle system has a compression mechanism, and a contact portion of the compression mechanism that contacts the composition for the thermal cycle system is composed of at least one selected from engineering plastics, organic films, and inorganic films. , [12] or [13].
- the engineering plastic is at least one selected from a polyamide resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, a polyacetal resin, and a fluororesin.
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound in a composition for a thermal cycle system containing an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, is fully unsaturated while fully utilizing the low global warming potential and excellent cycle performance of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- a composition for a heat cycle system that can more stably lubricate a working medium for heat cycle containing a fluorinated hydrocarbon compound can be provided.
- the thermal cycle system of the present invention is a thermal cycle system that has little influence on global warming, has high cycle performance, and further improves the lubrication characteristics of the working medium for thermal cycle.
- FIG. 2 is a cycle diagram in which a change in state of a working medium in the refrigeration cycle system of FIG. 1 is described on a pressure-enthalpy diagram.
- composition for a heat cycle system includes a working medium for a heat cycle containing an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound and a refrigerating machine oil.
- a heat cycle system using a heat exchanger such as a condenser or an evaporator is used without particular limitation.
- a heat cycle system for example, a refrigeration cycle
- a gas working medium is compressed by a compressor, cooled by a condenser to produce a high-pressure liquid, the pressure is reduced by an expansion valve, and vaporized at a low temperature by an evaporator. It has a mechanism that takes heat away with heat.
- an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound When used as a working medium in such a heat cycle system, the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound becomes unstable depending on temperature and pressure conditions, and self-decomposition occurs, resulting in a working medium for heat cycle. May degrade.
- the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention it is possible to enhance the lubricity of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound as a heat cycle working medium and exhibit efficient cycle performance by coexisting with refrigeration oil. It becomes.
- each component which the composition for thermal cycle systems of this invention contains is demonstrated.
- the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention has at least one unsaturated fluoride selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (I) as a working medium and having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule. Contains hydrocarbon compounds. C x F y R z ............ (I) (In the formula, R is H or Cl, x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 12, z is an integer of 0 to 11, and 2x ⁇ y + z ⁇ 2.)
- the general formula (I) represents the type and number of elements in the molecule, and the formula (I) represents a fluorine-containing organic compound having 2 to 6 carbon atoms C.
- a fluorine-containing organic compound having 2 to 6 carbon atoms can have physical and chemical properties such as boiling point, freezing point, and latent heat of vaporization required as a working medium.
- the bond form of x carbon atoms represented by C x includes a carbon-carbon single bond, an unsaturated bond such as a carbon-carbon double bond, and the like. Has one or more unsaturated bonds.
- the unsaturated bond such as a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably a carbon-carbon double bond from the viewpoint of stability, and the number is preferably 1.
- R represents H or Cl, and any of these may be used, but R is preferably H because there is little possibility of destroying the ozone layer.
- the range of y + z is preferably 4 or more.
- examples of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound used as the working medium for the heat cycle system include compounds represented by the above general formula (I), and examples thereof include straight-chain compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or Preferable examples include branched chain olefins and fluorinated products of cyclic olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- ethylene having 1 to 3 fluorine atoms introduced propene having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced, butenes having 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced, 1 to 9 Pentenes introduced with fluorine atoms, hexenes introduced with 1 to 11 fluorine atoms, cyclobutene introduced with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, cyclopentene introduced with 1 to 7 fluorine atoms, 1 And cyclohexene introduced with up to 9 fluorine atoms.
- unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds having 2 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred, and ethylene fluorides having 2 carbon atoms are more preferred.
- unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 3 carbon atoms include trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), and 1,2-difluoro.
- the working medium according to the present invention may contain an optional component described later, if necessary, in addition to the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound of the general formula (I).
- the content of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound of the above general formula (I) with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, even more preferably 40 to 80% by mass. Preferably, 40 to 60% by mass is more preferable.
- HFO-1123 the working medium containing HFO-1123 as an essential component as the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound of the general formula (I) will be described as an example.
- HFO-1123 is the same as the above-mentioned general other than HFO-1123. It can also be replaced by an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound of formula (I).
- Table 1 the characteristics of HFO-1123 as a working medium are shown in Table 1 in a relative comparison with R410A (a pseudo-azeotropic mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125 having a mass ratio of 1: 1).
- the cycle performance is indicated by a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity obtained by a method described later.
- the coefficient of performance and the refrigerating capacity of HFO-1123 are shown as relative values (hereinafter referred to as relative performance coefficient and relative refrigerating capacity) with R410A as the reference (1.000).
- the global warming potential (GWP) is a value of 100 years indicated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007) or measured according to the method. In this specification, GWP refers to this value unless otherwise specified.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change
- the working medium used in the present invention may optionally contain a compound used as a normal working medium in addition to HFO-1123 as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a compound used as a normal working medium in addition to HFO-1123 as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of such an arbitrary compound (optional component) include HFO other than HFC and HFO-1123 (HFC having a carbon-carbon double bond), other components that vaporize and liquefy together with HFO-1123 other than these, etc. Is mentioned.
- HFO other than HFC and HFO-1123 HFC having a carbon-carbon double bond
- a compound capable of keeping the GWP and temperature gradient within an allowable range while having the effect of further increasing the relative coefficient of performance and the relative refrigeration capacity when used in a heat cycle in combination with HFO-1123 is preferable.
- the working medium contains such a compound in combination with HFO-1123, a better cycle performance can be obtained while keeping the GWP low, and the influence of the temperature gradient is small.
- thermo gradient When the working medium contains an optional component, it has a considerable temperature gradient except when the HFO-1123 and the optional component have an azeotropic composition.
- the temperature gradient of the working medium varies depending on the type of the optional component and the mixing ratio of HFO-1123 and the optional component.
- azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixture such as R410A is preferably used.
- Non-azeotropic compositions have the problem of causing composition changes when filled from a pressure vessel to a refrigeration air conditioner. Furthermore, when refrigerant leakage from the refrigeration air conditioner occurs, the refrigerant composition in the refrigeration air conditioner is very likely to change, and it is difficult to restore the refrigerant composition to the initial state. On the other hand, the above problem can be avoided if the mixture is azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic.
- Temperature gradient is generally used as an index for measuring the possibility of using the mixture in the working medium.
- a temperature gradient is defined as the nature of heat exchangers, such as evaporation in an evaporator or condensation in a condenser, with different start and end temperatures. In the azeotrope, the temperature gradient is 0, and in the pseudoazeotrope, the temperature gradient is very close to 0, for example, the temperature gradient of R410A is 0.2.
- the inlet temperature in the evaporator decreases, which increases the possibility of frost formation, which is a problem.
- a heat cycle system in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, it is common to make the working medium flowing through the heat exchanger and a heat source fluid such as water or air counter flow, and in a stable operation state, Since the temperature difference of the heat source fluid is small, it is difficult to obtain an energy efficient heat cycle system in the case of a non-azeotropic mixed medium having a large temperature gradient. For this reason, when a mixture is used as a working medium, a working medium having an appropriate temperature gradient is desired.
- HFC The optional HFC is preferably selected from the above viewpoint.
- HFC is known to have higher GWP than HFO-1123. Therefore, the HFC combined with HFO-1123 is appropriately selected from the viewpoint of improving the cycle performance as the working medium and keeping the temperature gradient within an appropriate range, and particularly keeping the GWP within an allowable range. It is preferred that
- an HFC having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable as an HFC that has little influence on the ozone layer and has little influence on global warming.
- the HFC may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- HFCs include fluorides of alkanes having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane (HFC-32), difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane (HFC-125). Trifluoroiodomethane, pentafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, heptafluorocyclopentane and the like are preferable.
- HFC 1,1-difluoroethane
- HFC-152a 1,1,1-trifluoroethane
- HFC-134a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
- HFC-125 1,1,1,2,2-penta Fluoroethane
- One HFC may be used alone, or two or more HFCs may be used in combination.
- the content of HFC in the working medium (100% by mass) can be arbitrarily selected according to the required characteristics of the working medium.
- the coefficient of performance and the refrigerating capacity are improved when the content of HFC-32 is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
- the coefficient of performance improves when the content of HFC-134a is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
- the preferred HFC GWP is 675 for HFC-32, 1430 for HFC-134a and 3500 for HFC-125. From the viewpoint of keeping the GWP of the obtained working medium low, the HFC-32 is most preferable as an optional HFC.
- HFO-1123 and HFC-32 can form a pseudo-azeotropic mixture close to azeotropy in a composition range of 99: 1 to 1:99 by mass ratio. The temperature gradient is close to zero. Also in this respect, HFC-32 is advantageous as an HFC combined with HFO-1123.
- the content of HFC-32 with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium is specifically preferably 20% by mass or more, and 20 to 80% by mass. % Is more preferable, and 40 to 60% by mass is further preferable.
- HFO other than HFO-1123 is also preferably selected from the same viewpoint as HFC.
- GWP is much lower than HFC. Therefore, as HFOs other than HFO-1123 combined with HFO-1123, it is particularly noted that the cycle performance as the working medium is improved and the temperature gradient is kept within an appropriate range rather than considering GWP. These are preferably selected as appropriate.
- HFO other than HFO-1123 examples include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132), 2-fluoropropene (HFO-1261yf), 1, 1,2-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243yc), (E) -1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye (E)), (Z) -1,2,3,3 , 3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye (Z)), (E) -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze (E)), (Z) -1,3,3,3 -Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze (Z)), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf) and the like.
- HFOs other than HFO-1123 may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of HFO other than HFO-1123 in the working medium (100% by mass) can be arbitrarily selected according to the required characteristics of the working medium.
- the coefficient of performance improves when the content of HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze is in the range of 1 to 99% by mass.
- composition range (S) A preferred composition range in the case where the working medium used in the present invention contains HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is shown below as a composition range (S).
- the abbreviation of each compound indicates the ratio (% by mass) of the compound with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and other components (such as HFC-32). .
- the working medium in the composition range (S) has an extremely low GWP and a small temperature gradient.
- refrigeration cycle performance that can be substituted for the conventional R410A can be expressed.
- the ratio of HFO-1123 to the total amount of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf is more preferably 40 to 95% by mass, further preferably 50 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 85% by mass. % Is particularly preferable, and 60 to 85% by mass is most preferable.
- the total content of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf in 100% by mass of the working medium is more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, further preferably 90 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 95 to 100% by mass.
- the working medium used in the present invention may be a combination of HFO-1123, HFC, and HFO other than HFO-1123.
- the working medium is preferably composed of HFO-1123, HFC-32, and HFO-1234yf, and the ratio of each compound to the total amount of the working medium is preferably in the following range. 10% by mass ⁇ HFO-1123 ⁇ 80% by mass 10 mass% ⁇ HFC-32 ⁇ 75 mass% 5% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf ⁇ 60% by mass
- composition range (P) a preferred composition range (P) is shown below.
- the abbreviation of each compound indicates the ratio (mass%) of the compound with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
- R composition range
- L composition range
- M composition range
- the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 specifically described is more than 90% by mass and less than 100% by mass with respect to the total amount of the working medium for heat cycle. Preferably there is.
- the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each are suppressed.
- this working medium is a working medium that has a very low GWP, has a small temperature gradient, and has a certain capacity and efficiency when used in a thermal cycle, and can obtain good cycle performance.
- the total amount of HFO-1123 and HFO-1234yf with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf and HFC-32 is preferably 70% by mass or more.
- composition of the working medium used in the present invention 30 to 70% by mass of HFO-1123 and 4 to 40 of HFO-1234yf with respect to the total amount of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf and HFC-32. And a composition containing HFC-32 in a proportion of 0 to 30% by mass and the content of HFO-1123 with respect to the total amount of the working medium is 70 mol% or less.
- the working medium in the above range is a highly durable working medium in which the above effect is enhanced and the self-decomposition reaction of HFO-1123 is suppressed.
- the content of HFC-32 is preferably 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 8% by mass or more.
- the working medium used in the present invention contains HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32.
- the content of HFO-1123 with respect to the total amount of the working medium is 70 mol% or less.
- the self-decomposition reaction of HFO-1123 is suppressed, and a highly durable working medium can be obtained.
- a more preferred composition range (R) is shown below. ⁇ Composition range (R)> 10% by mass ⁇ HFO-1123 ⁇ 70% by mass 0% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf ⁇ 50% by mass 30% by mass ⁇ HFC-32 ⁇ 75% by mass
- the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each are suppressed. That is, it is a working medium in which good cycle performance can be obtained by having a low temperature gradient and high performance and efficiency when used in a thermal cycle after GWP is kept low and durability is ensured.
- composition range (R) preferred ranges are shown below. 20% by mass ⁇ HFO-1123 ⁇ 70% by mass 0% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf ⁇ 40% by mass 30% by mass ⁇ HFC-32 ⁇ 75% by mass
- the working medium having the above composition is a working medium in which the characteristics of HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a particularly well-balanced manner, and the defects possessed by each of them are suppressed. That is, it is a working medium in which GWP is kept low and durability is ensured, and when used in a thermal cycle, the temperature gradient is smaller and the cycle performance is higher by having higher capacity and efficiency. is there.
- composition range (R) a more preferred composition range (L) is shown below.
- the composition range (M) is more preferable.
- the working medium having the composition range (M) is a working medium in which the characteristics of the HFO-1123, HFO-1234yf, and HFC-32 are exhibited in a particularly well-balanced manner, and the drawbacks of the working medium are suppressed.
- this working medium has a GWP with an upper limit of 300 or less, and durability is ensured, and when used in a heat cycle, the temperature gradient is less than 5.8, and the relative coefficient of performance and relative This is a working medium having a refrigerating capacity close to 1 and good cycle performance.
- the upper limit of the temperature gradient is lowered, and the lower limit of the relative coefficient of performance x the relative refrigeration capacity is raised. From the viewpoint of a large relative coefficient of performance, 8% by mass ⁇ HFO-1234yf is more preferable. Further, HFO-1234yf ⁇ 35 mass% is more preferable from the viewpoint of high relative refrigeration capacity.
- the working medium used in the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention may contain carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, chlorofluoroolefin (CFO), hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) and the like in addition to the above optional components.
- CFO chlorofluoroolefin
- HCFO hydrochlorofluoroolefin
- the other optional component a component that has little influence on the ozone layer and little influence on global warming is preferable.
- hydrocarbon examples include propane, propylene, cyclopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane and the like.
- a hydrocarbon may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the working medium contains a hydrocarbon
- the content thereof is less than 10% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the working medium, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, and more preferably 3 to 5% by weight. If a hydrocarbon is more than a lower limit, the solubility of the mineral refrigeration oil to a working medium will become more favorable.
- CFO examples include chlorofluoropropene and chlorofluoroethylene.
- CFO 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214ya), 1 is easy to suppress the flammability of the working medium without greatly reducing the cycle performance of the working medium.
- CFO-1214yb 3-dichloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214yb) and 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (CFO-1112) are preferred.
- One type of CFO may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the working medium contains CFO
- the content thereof is less than 10% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the working medium, preferably 1 to 8% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 5% by weight. If the CFO content is at least the lower limit value, it is easy to suppress the combustibility of the working medium. If the content of CFO is not more than the upper limit value, good cycle performance can be easily obtained.
- HCFO examples include hydrochlorofluoropropene and hydrochlorofluoroethylene.
- HCFO 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd)
- 1-chloro can be used because flammability of the working medium can be easily suppressed without greatly reducing the cycle performance of the working medium.
- -1,2-difluoroethylene (HCFO-1122) is preferred.
- HCFO may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of HCFO in 100% by mass of the working medium is less than 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 8% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 5% by mass. If the content of HCFO is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is easy to suppress the combustibility of the working medium. If the content of HCFO is not more than the upper limit value, good cycle performance can be easily obtained.
- the total content of the other optional components in the working medium is 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the working medium. %, Preferably 8% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention comprises a refrigerating machine oil capable of improving the lubricating properties of the working medium in addition to the working medium.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage of the refrigerating machine oil in the present invention is 25 kV or more.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage is more preferably 30 kV or more, and further preferably 40 kV or more.
- the breakdown voltage in this specification is measured in accordance with JIS C 2101.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage in this specification determined whether the dielectric breakdown voltage of the refrigeration oil is a catalog value, or whether it is 25 kV, 50 kV or more by simple confirmation based on JIS C 2101.
- the hydroxyl value of this refrigerating machine oil is 0.1 mgKOH / g or less.
- the hydroxyl value in the refrigerating machine oil sufficiently low as 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, it is possible to suppress the generation of hydroxy radicals that cause deterioration due to the polymerization and decomposition reaction of the refrigerating machine oil and the working medium for the heat cycle. .
- the hydroxy radical attacks and decomposes the double bond, and an acid is generated at that time.
- the acid is generated, there is a possibility that the members constituting the system are corroded or deteriorated in the thermal cycle system.
- the hydroxyl value is lowered as described above, the generation of acid can be significantly suppressed, and the thermal cycle system can be stably operated.
- the hydroxyl value is more preferably 0.05 mgKOH / g or less.
- the hydroxyl value in this specification is measured based on JIS K 2501.
- aniline point of this refrigerating machine oil is ⁇ 100 ° C. or higher and 0 ° C. or lower.
- the “aniline point” is a numerical value indicating the solubility of, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent.
- a sample here, refrigeration oil
- the samples cannot be dissolved and become cloudy. It represents the temperature at the start of viewing, and is a value measured according to JIS K 2256.
- the working medium has a carbon-carbon double bond, it will be described later.
- an acid-resistant resin material or the like as described in the description of the thermal cycle system may be applied instead of a metal member such as copper that is usually used as a component of the thermal cycle system. is there.
- the resin material may be in trouble due to shrinkage or swelling due to the refrigerating machine oil. Therefore, by setting the aniline point of the refrigerating machine oil within the predetermined range ( ⁇ 100 ° C.
- the aniline point is too low, the refrigerating machine oil easily penetrates into the resin material constituting the sliding member and the insulating material, and the sliding member and the insulating material easily swell. If the sliding member swells and deforms, the gap (gap) at the sliding portion cannot be maintained at a desired length. As a result, there is a risk of increasing the sliding resistance.
- the aniline point is too high, the refrigerating machine oil hardly penetrates into the sliding member and the insulating material, and the sliding member and the insulating material easily contract. When the sliding member contracts and deforms, the hardness of the sliding member increases and the rigidity of the sliding portion decreases. As a result, the sliding member may be damaged by the vibration of the compressor.
- the insulating material (insulating coating material, insulating film, etc.) of the electric motor swells and deforms, the insulating property of the insulating material decreases. If the insulating material shrinks and deforms, the insulating material may be damaged as in the case of the sliding member described above, and in this case, the insulating property is also lowered.
- the aniline point of the refrigerating machine oil within a predetermined range as described above, the swelling / shrinkage deformation of the sliding member and the insulating material can be suppressed, and thus such a problem can be avoided.
- the kinematic viscosity of the refrigeration oil at 40 ° C does not deteriorate the lubricity and the hermeticity of the compressor, and is satisfactory in compatibility with the working medium under low temperature conditions. From the viewpoint of sufficient heat exchange in the vessel, 5 to 200 mm 2 / s is preferable, and 5 to 100 mm 2 / s is more preferable.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 1 to 100 mm 2 / s, and more preferably 2 to 30 mm 2 / s, from the viewpoint of maintaining power consumption and wear resistance within an appropriate range.
- kinematic viscosity in this specification is measured based on JISK2283.
- the refrigerating machine oil used in the present invention include oxygen-containing synthetic oils (ester-based refrigerating machine oil, ether-based refrigerating machine oil, polyglycol-based refrigerating machine oil, and the like).
- ester-based refrigerating machine oil and ether-based refrigerating machine oil are suitable from the viewpoint of compatibility with the fluorinated hydrocarbon compound that is an essential working medium component of the present invention.
- polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil is preferable as the ester type refrigerating machine oil
- polyvinyl ether type refrigerating machine oil is preferable as the ether type refrigerating machine oil.
- carbon atoms and oxygen atoms are typically cited as the atoms constituting the refrigerating machine oil. If the ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms (carbon / oxygen molar ratio) is too small, the hygroscopicity is increased, and if it is too large, the compatibility with the working medium is lowered. From this viewpoint, the ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms in the refrigerating machine oil is suitably 2 to 7.5 in terms of molar ratio.
- ester-based refrigerating machine oil in terms of chemical stability, dibasic acid ester-based refrigerating machine oil of dibasic acid and monohydric alcohol, polyol ester refrigerating machine oil of polyol and fatty acid, or polyol and polyvalent base
- base oil components include complex ester refrigerating machine oils of acids and monohydric alcohols (or fatty acids), polyol carbonate refrigerating machine oils, and the like.
- Dibasic acid ester refrigerating machine oils include dibasic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, etc.
- divalent acids having 5 to 10 carbon atoms (glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, etc.) and monovalent monovalent C 1-15 having a linear or branched alkyl group
- Esters with alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, etc.
- alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecan
- dibasic ester refrigerating machine oil examples include ditridecyl glutarate, di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate, di (3-ethylhexyl) sebacate and the like.
- the polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil is an ester synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid (carboxylic acid).
- polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil examples include diols (ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3 -Propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2- Propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, etc.), polyol having
- the fatty acid constituting the polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but usually those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms are used. Straight chain fatty acids and branched fatty acids are preferred. Linear fatty acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid , Heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc., and the hydrocarbon group bonded to the carboxy group may be all saturated hydrocarbons or unsaturated hydro
- branched fatty acids include 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid, 4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2 , 2-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethyl Pentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid
- the polyol constituting the ester may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the fatty acid constituting the ester may be a single component or an ester with two or more fatty acids. Each of the fatty acid and the fatty acid may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the polyol ester refrigerating machine oil may have a free hydroxyl group.
- particularly preferable polyol ester refrigerating machine oils are the following compounds (a) to (c): (A) a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups or a derivative thereof, (B) a compound having two or more carboxy groups or a derivative thereof, and (c) a compound having one carboxy group or a derivative thereof, and / or an ester obtained using a compound having one hydroxyl group or a derivative thereof. And is used together with the working medium described in the above general formula (I), and is characterized by lubricity, sealing properties, compatibility with the working medium, thermal / chemical stability, electrical insulation, etc. Is sufficiently satisfied in a well-balanced manner, and it is possible to sufficiently prevent poor lubrication of the compressor and a decrease in refrigeration efficiency.
- the compound (a) constituting this ester is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups or a derivative thereof.
- the number of hydroxyl groups is preferably 2 to 6.
- sufficient viscosity cannot be obtained in the resulting ester, and poor lubrication and reduced refrigeration efficiency are likely to occur. The fluidity becomes insufficient.
- the compound (a) include polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric phenols, polyhydric amino alcohols and condensates thereof, and compounds in which the hydroxyl groups of these compounds are esterified with a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid.
- a polyhydric alcohol or a condensate thereof or a derivative thereof because compatibility with the working medium, electrical insulation and thermal stability tend to be further improved.
- the number of carbon atoms of the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited, but a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- Specific examples of such polyhydric alcohols include dihydric alcohols (diols) such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,2-butanediol.
- trihydric or higher alcohols include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di- (trimethylolpropane), tri- (trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di- ( Pentaerythritol), tri- (pentaerythritol), glycerin, polyglycerin (glycerin dimer to trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol Polysaccharides such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, and partial etherified products thereof It is.
- hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), tri- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol, di- (pentaerythritol), etc. Is preferred.
- the compound (a) having a hydroxyl group esterified with a carboxylic acid can be used.
- a compound in which a hydroxyl group is esterified with a lower carboxylic acid is preferable, and specifically, an acetate ester or a propionate ester of the compound exemplified in the above description of the polyhydric alcohol is preferably used.
- the compound (b) constituting the ester is a compound having two or more carboxy groups or a derivative thereof.
- the number of carboxy groups is preferably 2-6. If only a compound having one carboxy group or its derivative is used as the acid component, the resulting ester will have insufficient viscosity, which may cause poor lubrication and reduced refrigeration efficiency, thermal / chemical stability, and low-temperature flow. The property becomes insufficient.
- the compound (b) include divalent to hexavalent carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives such as acid anhydrides, esters and acid halides thereof.
- the number of carbon atoms of the divalent to hexavalent carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but divalent carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms are preferably used. Specific examples of such divalent to hexavalent carboxylic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, methylmalonic acid, and ethylmalon.
- Acid dimethylmalonic acid, methylsuccinic acid, 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid, 2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinic acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 3-methyladipine
- Saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as acids; unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid; 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
- Alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, etc.
- Carboxylic acid, and the like also preferably a divalent carboxylic acid Among these, further, saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids from the viewpoint of oxid
- esters as described above, a derivative of a compound having two carboxy groups can be used as the compound (b).
- Such derivatives include esters, acid anhydrides, acid halides, etc.
- esters of the above divalent carboxylic acids and lower alcohols are preferably used.
- the compound (c) constituting the ester is a compound having one carboxy group or a derivative thereof and / or a compound having one hydroxyl group or a derivative thereof.
- this compound (c) any one of a compound having one carboxy group or a derivative thereof and a compound having one hydroxyl group or a derivative thereof may be used alone or as a mixture of both. Good. If only a compound having two or more carboxy groups or its derivative is used as the acid component and only a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups or its derivative is used as the alcohol component, the thermal / chemical stability is poor. It will be enough.
- the compound having one carboxy group or a derivative thereof include monovalent fatty acids and acid anhydrides, esters and acid halides thereof.
- the carbon number of the monovalent fatty acid is not particularly limited, and those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms are usually used.
- the monovalent fatty acid preferably has 3 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or more. 5 or more is more preferable, and 8 or more is particularly preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the monovalent fatty acid is less than 3, the resulting ester inherently has insufficient lubricity, and the compatibility with the working medium described in the above general formula (I) becomes excessively high.
- the viscosity is lowered, and the refrigeration efficiency is lowered and poor lubrication tends to occur due to a decrease in sealing performance.
- the carbon number of the monovalent fatty acid is preferably 22 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and further preferably 18 or less.
- the compatibility between the resulting ester and the working medium becomes insufficient, and the lubrication of the compressor due to a decrease in oil return and the refrigerating efficiency tend to occur. .
- the monovalent fatty acid as the compound (c) may be either linear or branched, but is preferably a linear monovalent fatty acid from the viewpoint of lubricity, and has heat and hydrolysis stability. From this point, a branched monovalent fatty acid is preferable.
- the monovalent fatty acid may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid.
- monovalent fatty acid as this compound (c), specifically, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid Straight chain or branched ones such as hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, icosanoic acid, oleic acid, or those in which the ⁇ carbon atom is a quaternary carbon atom (neoic acid).
- valeric acid n-pentanoic acid
- caproic acid n-hexanoic acid
- enanthic acid n-heptanoic acid
- caprylic acid n-octanoic acid
- pelargonic acid n-nonanoic acid
- capric acid N-decanoic acid
- lauric acid n-dodecanoic acid
- myristic acid n-tetradecanoic acid
- palmitic acid n-hexadecanoic acid
- Stearic acid n-octadecanoic acid
- oleic acid cis-9-octadecenoic acid
- isopentanoic acid (3-methylbutanoic acid), 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3, 5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid is preferably used.
- monohydric alcohol, monohydric phenol, monovalent amino alcohol, and the hydroxyl group of these compounds are esterified with carboxylic acid such as acetic acid.
- carboxylic acid such as acetic acid.
- the number of carbon atoms of these compounds is not particularly limited, but those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms are preferable from the viewpoint that both the lubricity and the compatibility with the working medium are further improved in the resulting ester.
- a linear monohydric alcohol having ⁇ 18, a branched monohydric alcohol having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and a monovalent cycloalcohol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the monohydric alcohol having a carbon number within the above-mentioned preferred range include linear or branched propanol (including n-propanol, 1-methylethanol, etc.), linear or branched butanol. (Including n-butanol, 1-methylpropanol, 2-methylpropanol, etc.), linear or branched pentanol (n-pentanol, 1-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, etc.) ), Linear or branched hexanol (including n-hexanol, 1-methylpentanol, 2-methylpentanol, 3-methylpentanol, etc.), linear or branched heptanol (n-heptanol) 1-methylhexanol, 2-methylhexanol, 3-methylhexanol, 4-methylhexanol , 5-methylhexanol, 2,4-dimethylpentanol,
- a derivative in which a hydroxyl group is esterified with a carboxylic acid can also be used.
- acetates, propionates and the like of the compounds exemplified in the description of the monohydric alcohol are preferably used.
- esters the following compounds (a ′), (b ′) and (c ′): (A ′) at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and dibutylene glycol; (B ′) at least one selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and (c ′) valeric acid, capron Acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoi
- the composition ratio of the compounds (a) to (c) is not particularly limited, but the lubricity, sealability, compatibility with the working medium, thermal / chemical stability, electrical insulation, etc. are balanced at a higher level. Since they tend to be satisfactorily satisfied, it is preferably within the following ranges based on the total amount of the compounds (a) to (c).
- Compound (b) 3 to 55 mol%, preferably 5 to 50 mol%, more preferably 10 to 45 mol%
- the ester described here is esterified by heating the above compounds (a) to (c) according to a conventional method, preferably in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, in the presence or absence of an esterification catalyst. It is prepared by.
- esterification used in the above esterification reaction include Lewis acids such as aluminum derivatives, tin derivatives and titanium derivatives; alkali metal salts such as sodium alkoxide and potassium alkoxide; paratoluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid And sulfonic acids such as sulfuric acid are exemplified, but among these, use of Lewis acids such as aluminum derivatives, tin derivatives and titanium derivatives is preferable because the thermal and hydrolytic stability of the resulting ester is further enhanced. Furthermore, tin derivatives are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency.
- the amount of the esterification catalyst used is, for example, about 0.1 to 1% by mass with respect to the total amount of the starting compounds (a) to (c).
- the reaction temperature in the above esterification reaction is exemplified by 150 to 230 ° C., and the reaction is usually completed in 3 to 30 hours.
- esterification reaction After the esterification reaction is completed, excess raw materials are distilled off under reduced pressure or normal pressure, followed by a conventional purification method, for example, liquid purification, vacuum distillation, activated purification treatment such as activated carbon treatment, etc.
- a conventional purification method for example, liquid purification, vacuum distillation, activated purification treatment such as activated carbon treatment, etc.
- the ester can be purified.
- the reaction product obtained may be a mixture even in other cases.
- the ester is a mixture of two or more compounds, the compound (a) and the compound (b) are directly converted from the viewpoint of the balance between the compatibility with the working medium and various performances and the ease of production.
- the content of the bound ester is preferably 10 to 100% by mass, more preferably 20 to 100% by mass, and further preferably 25 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of the mixture.
- the complex ester refrigerating machine oil is an ester of a fatty acid and a dibasic acid, a monohydric alcohol and a polyol.
- fatty acid, dibasic acid, monohydric alcohol, and polyol the same ones as described above can be used.
- fatty acid As fatty acid, what was shown with the fatty acid of the said polyol ester is mentioned.
- dibasic acid include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the like.
- polyol examples include those shown as the polyhydric alcohol of the above polyol ester.
- Complex esters are esters of these fatty acids, dibasic acids, and polyols, and each may be a single component or an ester composed of a plurality of components.
- the polyol carbonate type refrigerating machine oil is an ester of carbonic acid and polyol.
- Polyols include polyglycols (polyalkylene glycols, ether compounds thereof, modified compounds thereof, etc.) obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of diols (same as above), polyols (same as above), polyols and polyglycols. And the like added.
- polyalkylene glycol examples include those obtained by polymerizing C 2-4 alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) using water or alkali hydroxide as an initiator. Moreover, what etherified the hydroxyl group of polyalkylene glycol may be used.
- the oxyalkylene units in the polyalkylene glycol may be the same in one molecule, or two or more oxyalkylene units may be included. It is preferable that at least an oxypropylene unit is contained in one molecule.
- the polyol carbonate refrigerating machine oil may be a ring-opening polymer of cyclic alkylene carbonate.
- ether refrigerating machine oil examples include polyvinyl ether refrigerating machine oil and polyalkylene glycol refrigerating machine oil.
- Polyvinyl ether refrigerating machine oil Polyvinyl ether refrigerating machine oils obtained by polymerizing vinyl ether monomers, those obtained by copolymerizing vinyl ether monomers and hydrocarbon monomers having an olefinic double bond, and polyvinyl ether and alkylene glycol Or there are polyalkylene glycols or their copolymers with monoethers.
- a preferable example of this polyvinyl ether type refrigerating machine oil is a polyvinyl ether type compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and R b is a divalent having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R a is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group optionally having a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 20 acyl groups or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 50 carbon atoms
- R 4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R a , R b and R 4 are the same when there are a plurality of them.
- M is an average value of 1 to 50, o is a number of 1 to 50, p is a number of 2 to 25, and o and p are each a block when there are a plurality of them. It may be random.).
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms of R 1 to R 3 is specifically a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec -Butyl group, tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, alkyl groups of various octyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, various methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, various dimethylcyclohexyl groups, etc.
- a hydrogen atom is especially preferable as each of these R ⁇ 1 >, R ⁇ 2 > and R ⁇ 3 >.
- examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R b include divalent alkylene groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a trimethylene group, and various butylene groups.
- m represents the number of R b O repeats, and the average value thereof is in the range of 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10, particularly preferably 2 to 5. Is a number.
- R b O is plural, plural R b O may be the same or different.
- O is 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 2, particularly preferably 1
- p is a number from 2 to 25, preferably 5 to 15, and o and p are plural.
- each block may be random.
- the aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- aromatic group which may have a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in Ra
- aromatic group which may have a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in Ra
- aryl groups such as various butylphenyl groups and various naphthyl groups, benzyl groups, various phenylethyl groups, various methylbenzyl groups, various phenylpropyl groups, and arylalkyl groups of various phenylbutyl groups.
- Examples of the acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in Ra include acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, pivaloyl group, benzoyl group, and toluoyl group.
- specific examples of the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms in R a include methoxymethyl group, methoxyethyl group, methoxypropyl group, 1,1-bismethoxypropyl group, 1,2-bismethoxy group.
- Preferable examples include propyl group, ethoxypropyl group, (2-methoxyethoxy) propyl group, (1-methyl-2-methoxy) propyl group and the like.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 4 is specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, or an isobutyl group.
- the polyvinyl ether compound can be obtained, for example, by copolymerizing a vinyl ether compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a vinyl ether compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R a , R b , m and R 1 to R 4 are as described above.
- Examples of the vinyl ether compound represented by the general formula (2) include alkylene glycol monovinyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol monovinyl ether, alkylene glycol alkyl vinyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol alkyl vinyl ether, and the like.
- ethylene glycol monovinyl ether ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, triethylene glycol monovinyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, propylene glycol monovinyl ether, propylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, dipropylene glycol monovinyl ether , Dipropylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, tripropylene glycol monovinyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, and the like.
- examples of the vinyl ether compound represented by the general formula (3) include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl n-propyl ether, vinyl isopropyl ether, vinyl n butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether and vinyl.
- Vinyl ethers such as -sec-butyl ether, vinyl-tert-butyl ether, vinyl-n-pentyl ether, vinyl-n-hexyl ether; 1-methoxypropene, 1-ethoxypropene, 1-n-propoxypropene, 1-isopropoxy Propene, 1-n-butoxypropene, 1-isobutoxypropene, 1-sec-butoxypropene, 1-tert-butoxypropene, 2-methoxypropene, 2-ethoxypropene, 2-n-propoxypropene, 2-i Propenes such as propoxypropene, 2-n-butoxypropene, 2-isobutoxypropene, 2-sec-butoxypropene, 2-tert-butoxypropene; 1-methoxy-1-butene, 1-ethoxy-1-butene, 1-n-propoxy-1-butene, 1-isopropoxy-1-butene, 1-n-butoxy-1-butene, 1-isopropoxy
- the vinyl ether compound can be produced by radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, radiation polymerization or the like of a corresponding vinyl ether compound and a hydrocarbon monomer having an olefinic double bond that is used as desired.
- a vinyl ether monomer can be polymerized using the method shown below to obtain a polymer having a desired viscosity.
- a combination of Bronsted acids, Lewis acids or organometallic compounds with an adduct of water, alcohols, phenols, acetals or vinyl ethers and a carboxylic acid may be used. it can.
- Bronsted acids include hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.
- Lewis acids include boron trifluoride, aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, tin tetrachloride, zinc dichloride, and ferric chloride. Among these Lewis acids, boron trifluoride is particularly preferred. Is preferred.
- the organometallic compound include diethyl aluminum chloride, ethyl aluminum chloride, diethyl zinc and the like.
- Any adduct of water, alcohols, phenols, acetals or vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid combined with these can be selected.
- alcohols include those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, various pentanols, various hexanols, various heptanols, and various octanols.
- C3-10 unsaturated aliphatic alcohol such as saturated aliphatic alcohol and allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol
- alkylene glycols such as monomethyl ether.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid in the case of using an adduct of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-valeric acid, isovaleric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, pivalic acid, n -Caproic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid, 2-methylvaleric acid, 3-methylvaleric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, enanthic acid, 2-methylcaproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, 2-n -Propylvaleric acid, n-nonanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylcaproic acid, caprylic acid, undecanoic acid and the like.
- the vinyl ether used in the case of using an adduct of vinyl ether and carboxylic acid may be the same as that used for the polymerization, or may be different.
- This adduct of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid is obtained by mixing and reacting at a temperature of about 0 to 100 ° C., and can be separated by distillation or the like and used for the reaction. It can also be used for the reaction without.
- the polymerization initiation terminal of the polymer is such that when water, alcohols or phenols are used, hydrogen is bonded, and when acetals are used, one alkoxy group is eliminated from hydrogen or the used acetals.
- an adduct of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid is used, the alkylcarbonyloxy group derived from the carboxylic acid moiety is eliminated from the adduct of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid.
- the terminal ends are acetals, olefins, or aldehydes.
- an adduct of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acid it becomes a carboxylic acid ester of hemiacetal.
- the terminal of the polymer thus obtained can be converted into a desired group by a known method.
- the desired group include residues of saturated hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, ketones, nitriles, amides and the like, but saturated hydrocarbon, ether and alcohol residues are preferable.
- the polyvinyl ether compound contained in the refrigerating machine oil used in the present invention preferably has a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 4 or less, and when this molar ratio exceeds 4, the general formula (I) Compatibility with the described working medium is reduced. About adjustment of this molar ratio, the polymer which has this molar ratio in the said range can be manufactured by adjusting carbon / oxygen molar ratio of a raw material monomer.
- the ratio of the monomer having a large carbon / oxygen molar ratio is large, a polymer having a large carbon / oxygen molar ratio is obtained, and if the ratio of the monomer having a small carbon / oxygen molar ratio is large, the polymer having a small carbon / oxygen molar ratio is obtained. Is obtained.
- the adjustment of the carbon / oxygen molar ratio is carried out by using water, alcohols, phenols, acetals, and adducts of vinyl ethers and carboxylic acids used as initiators as shown in the polymerization method of vinyl ether monomers. The combination with monomers is also possible.
- a polymer having a larger carbon / oxygen molar ratio than the raw material monomer can be obtained, while carbon / such as methanol or methoxyethanol If an alcohol having a small oxygen molar ratio is used, a polymer having a smaller carbon / oxygen molar ratio than the raw material monomer can be obtained.
- polyalkylene glycol refrigerating machine oil examples include those obtained by a method of polymerizing alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) having 2 to 4 carbon atoms using water or alkali hydroxide as an initiator. Moreover, what etherified the hydroxyl group of polyalkylene glycol may be used.
- the oxyalkylene units in the polyalkylene glycol refrigerating machine oil may be the same in one molecule, or two or more oxyalkylene units may be included. It is preferable that at least an oxypropylene unit is contained in one molecule.
- R 101 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having 2 to 6 bonding parts
- R 102 Is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 103 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- l is an integer of 1 to 6
- k is an average value of k ⁇ l Is a number from 6 to 80.
- the alkyl group in R 101 and R 103 may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, and various decyl groups. , Cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like. When the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group exceeds 10, the compatibility with the working medium is lowered and phase separation may occur.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group portion of the acyl group in R 101 and R 103 may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- various groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms exemplified as specific examples of the alkyl group can be exemplified.
- compatibility with the working medium may be reduced and phase separation may occur.
- a preferred acyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 101 and R 103 are both alkyl groups or acyl groups, R 101 and R 103 may be the same or different from each other. Further, when l is 2 or more, a plurality of R 103 in one molecule may be the same or different.
- R 101 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having 2 to 6 bonding sites
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a chain or a cyclic one. Also good.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having two binding sites include ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, heptylene group, octylene group, nonylene group, decylene group, cyclopentylene group, and cyclohexylene. Group and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 binding sites include trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol; 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane; 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane. Examples thereof include a residue obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from a polyhydric alcohol.
- the compatibility with the working medium is lowered, and phase separation may occur.
- a preferred carbon number is 2-6.
- R 102 in the general formula (4) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples of the oxyalkylene group of the repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group.
- the oxyalkylene groups in one molecule may be the same or two or more oxyalkylene groups may be contained, but those containing at least an oxypropylene unit in one molecule are preferred, and in particular, oxyalkylene units. Those containing 50 mol% or more of oxypropylene units are preferred.
- l is an integer of 1 to 6, and is determined according to the number of R 101 binding sites.
- R 101 is an alkyl group or an acyl group
- l is 1, and when R 101 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 binding sites, l is 2, 3 respectively. , 4, 5 and 6.
- k is a number with an average value of k ⁇ l of 6 to 80, and if the average value of k ⁇ l deviates from the above range, the object of the present invention cannot be sufficiently achieved.
- the structure of the polyalkylene glycol is such that polypropylene glycol dimethyl ether represented by the following general formula (5) and poly (oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycol dimethyl ether represented by the following general formula (6) are economical and have the aforementioned effects.
- the polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether represented by the following general formula (7), the polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether represented by the following general formula (8), and the polyglycol represented by the following general formula (9) (Oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycol monomethyl ether, poly (oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycol monobutyl ether represented by the following general formula (10), polypropylene glycol diacetate represented by the following general formula (11) are economical, etc. of In is suitable.
- These refrigeration oils may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- These refrigerating machine oils are preferably mixed with a working medium and used as a composition for a heat cycle system.
- the blending ratio of the refrigerating machine oil is desirably 5 to 60% by mass and more preferably 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the composition for a heat cycle system.
- the water content of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less, and most preferably 100 ppm or less based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil.
- the moisture content when used for closed-type refrigerators, it is required that the moisture content is low from the viewpoint of decomposition stability of the working medium and influence on the thermal / chemical stability and electrical insulation of the refrigerator oil. .
- the moisture content was measured according to JIS K 2275.
- the residual air partial pressure of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 kPa or less, and more preferably 5 kPa or less.
- the ash content of the refrigerating machine oil used here is not particularly limited, but in order to increase the thermal and chemical stability of the refrigerating machine oil and suppress the generation of sludge and the like, it is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less. it can.
- an ash content means the value of the ash content measured based on JISK2272.
- the composition for thermal cycle systems can contain known optional components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- an additive for stably containing a refrigerating machine oil in the composition for a heat cycle system such an additive includes a copper deactivator, an extreme pressure agent, an oily agent, Antioxidants, acid scavengers, antifoaming agents, polymerization inhibitors and the like can be mentioned.
- Each additive may be added as necessary, and the blending amount of each additive may be set to 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the composition for heat cycle system. Good.
- the compounding amount of the acid scavenger and the compounding amount of the antioxidant are preferably in the range of 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass.
- benzotriazole and its derivatives can be used as the copper deactivator.
- a silicon compound can be used as the antifoaming agent.
- the oily agent higher alcohols can be used.
- phosphate ester can be used for an extreme pressure agent.
- phosphoric acid esters that can be used include phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, and acidic phosphorous acid esters.
- amine salt of phosphoric acid ester, phosphorous acid ester, acidic phosphoric acid ester, and acidic phosphorous acid ester can also be used for an extreme pressure agent.
- phosphate esters include triaryl phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, trialkylaryl phosphates, triarylalkyl phosphates, and trialkenyl phosphates.
- phosphoric acid esters are specifically listed as triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, benzyl diphenyl phosphate, ethyl diphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, ethyl dibutyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, dicresyl phenyl phosphate, ethyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate.
- phosphites include triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, tri (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, tridecyl
- phosphites trilauryl phosphites, triisooctyl phosphites, diphenylisodecyl phosphites, tristearyl phosphites, trioleyl phosphites and the like.
- acidic phosphate ester examples include 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, ethyl acid phosphate, butyl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, tetracosyl acid phosphate, isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, tridecyl acid phosphate, Examples include stearyl acid phosphate and isostearyl acid phosphate.
- acidic phosphites include dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, distearyl hydrogen phosphite, diphenyl hydrogen phosphite and the like.
- phosphoric acid esters oleyl acid phosphate and stearyl acid phosphate are preferred.
- mono-substituted amines among the amines used in the amine salts of phosphoric acid ester, phosphorous acid ester, acidic phosphoric acid ester or acidic phosphorous acid ester include butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, There are octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, benzylamine and the like.
- disubstituted amines include dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, dioctylamine, dilaurylamine, distearylamine, dioleylamine, dibenzylamine, stearyl monoethanolamine, decyl monoethanol.
- Examples include ethanolamine, hexyl monopropanolamine, benzyl monoethanolamine, phenyl monoethanolamine, and tolyl monopropanol.
- tri-substituted amine examples include tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, tricyclohexylamine, trioctylamine, trilaurylamine, tristearylamine, trioleylamine, tribenzylamine, dioleyl monoethanolamine, Dilauryl monopropanolamine, dioctyl monoethanolamine, dihexyl monopropanolamine, dibutyl monopropanolamine, oleyl diethanolamine, stearyl dipropanolamine, lauryl diethanolamine, octyl dipropanolamine, butyl diethanolamine, benzyl Diethanolamine, phenyl diethanolamine, tolyl dipropanolamine, xylyl diethanolamine Emissions, triethanolamine, there is a tri-propanolamine and the like.
- extreme pressure agents other than those mentioned above.
- extreme pressure agents based on organic sulfur compounds such as monosulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, thiosulfinates, sulfurized fats and oils, thiocarbonates, thiophenes, thiazoles, methanesulfonate esters, Thiophosphate ester-type extreme pressure agents such as thiophosphate triesters, higher fatty acid, hydroxyaryl fatty acids, polyhydric alcohol esters, ester-type extreme pressure agents such as acrylate esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorine Organic chlorinated extreme pressure agents such as fluorinated carboxylic acid derivatives, fluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acids, fluorinated ethylene resins, fluorinated alkylpolysiloxanes, organic fluorinated extreme pressure agents such as fluorinated graphite, higher alcohols, etc.
- Alcohol-based extreme pressure agents naphthenates (lead naphthenate, etc.), fatty acid salts (lead fatty acid, etc.), Phosphates (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, etc.), thiocarbamic acid salts, organomolybdenum compounds, organotin compounds, organogermanium compounds, it is possible to use extreme pressure metal compound-based, such as boric acid ester.
- a phenolic antioxidant or an amine antioxidant can be used as the antioxidant.
- the phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (DBPC), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2′-methylenebis (4 -Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and the like.
- Amine-based antioxidants include N, N′-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N, N '-Di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and the like.
- An oxygen scavenger that traps oxygen can also be used as the antioxidant.
- epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, ⁇ -olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil can be used.
- preferred acid scavengers from the viewpoint of compatibility are phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and ⁇ -olefin oxide.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl glycidyl ether and the alkylene group of the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may have a branch. These carbon numbers should just be 3 or more and 30 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 24 or less, and still more preferably 6 or more and 16 or less.
- the ⁇ -olefin oxide may have a total carbon number of 4 to 50, more preferably 4 to 24, and even more preferably 6 to 16. Only one type of acid scavenger may be used, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.
- Polymerization inhibitors include polymerization inhibitors such as 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole. Can be used.
- the composition for the heat cycle system of the present embodiment includes, as necessary, a load-bearing additive, an oxygen scavenger, a chlorine scavenger, a cleaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a rust inhibitor, a stabilizer, and corrosion. It is also possible to add an inhibitor, a pour point depressant and the like.
- An oxygen scavenger is an additive that scavenges oxygen.
- the compounding amount of each additive may be 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, and preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the composition for a heat cycle system. .
- a leak detection substance can be mentioned, and as this optional leak detection substance, an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, an odor gas, an odor masking agent, etc. can be mentioned. .
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dyes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,412, JP-T-10-502737, JP-T 2007-511645, JP-T 2008-500437, JP-T 2008-531836.
- odor masking agent examples include known fragrances used in heat cycle systems, together with working media composed of halogenated hydrocarbons, such as those described in JP-T-2008-500337 and JP-A-2008-531836. Can be mentioned.
- a solubilizing agent that improves the solubility of the leak detection substance in the working medium may be used.
- solubilizer examples include those described in JP-T 2007-511645, JP-T 2008-500337, JP-T 2008-531836.
- the content of the leak detection substance in the composition for a heat cycle system may be in a range that does not significantly reduce the effect of the present invention, and is preferably 2 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the working medium, and 0.5 mass. Part or less is more preferable.
- the thermal cycle system of the present invention is a system using the composition for a thermal cycle system of the present invention.
- the heat cycle system of the present invention may be a heat pump system that uses warm heat obtained by a condenser, or may be a refrigeration cycle system that uses cold heat obtained by an evaporator.
- thermal cycle system of the present invention examples include refrigeration / refrigeration equipment, air conditioning equipment, power generation systems, heat transport devices, and secondary coolers.
- the thermal cycle system of the present invention can exhibit thermal cycle performance efficiently even in a higher temperature operating environment, it is preferably used as an air conditioner that is often installed outdoors.
- the thermal cycle system of the present invention is also preferably used as a refrigeration / refrigeration apparatus.
- air conditioners include room air conditioners, packaged air conditioners (store packaged air conditioners, building packaged air conditioners, facility packaged air conditioners, etc.), gas engine heat pumps, train air conditioners, automobile air conditioners, and the like.
- refrigeration / refrigeration equipment include showcases (built-in showcases, separate showcases, etc.), commercial freezers / refrigerators, vending machines, ice makers, and the like.
- a power generation system using a Rankine cycle system is preferable.
- the working medium is heated by geothermal energy, solar heat, waste heat in the middle to high temperature range of about 50 to 200 ° C in the evaporator, and the working medium turned into high-temperature and high-pressure steam is expanded.
- An example is a system in which power is generated by adiabatic expansion by a machine, and a generator is driven by work generated by the adiabatic expansion.
- the heat cycle system of the present invention may be a heat transport device.
- a latent heat transport device is preferable.
- the latent heat transport device include a heat pipe and a two-phase sealed thermosyphon device that transport latent heat using phenomena such as evaporation, boiling, and condensation of a working medium enclosed in the device.
- the heat pipe is applied to a relatively small cooling device such as a cooling device for a heat generating part of a semiconductor element or an electronic device. Since the two-phase closed thermosyphon does not require a wig and has a simple structure, it is widely used for a gas-gas heat exchanger, for promoting snow melting on roads, and for preventing freezing.
- the refrigeration cycle system is a system that uses cold heat obtained by an evaporator.
- a refrigeration cycle system 10 shown in FIG. 1 cools and liquefies a compressor 11 that compresses the working medium vapor A into a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor B and the working medium vapor B discharged from the compressor 11.
- the condenser 12 as a low-temperature and high-pressure working medium C
- the expansion valve 13 that expands the working medium C discharged from the condenser 12 to form a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium D
- the working medium D discharged from the expansion valve 13 Is composed of an evaporator 14 that heats the working medium vapor A to a high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor A, a pump 15 that supplies a load fluid E to the evaporator 14, and a pump 16 that supplies a fluid F to the condenser 12.
- the working medium C discharged from the condenser 12 is expanded by the expansion valve 13 to obtain a low-temperature and low-pressure working medium D (hereinafter referred to as “CD process”).
- the working medium D discharged from the expansion valve 13 is heated by the load fluid E in the evaporator 14 to obtain high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor A. At this time, the load fluid E is cooled to become the load fluid E ′ and discharged from the evaporator 14 (hereinafter referred to as “DA process”).
- the refrigeration cycle system 10 is a cycle system including adiabatic / isoentropic change, isoenthalpy change, and isopressure change.
- the state change of the working medium is described on the pressure-enthalpy line (curve) diagram shown in FIG. 2, it can be expressed as a trapezoid having A, B, C, and D as apexes.
- the AB process is a process in which adiabatic compression is performed by the compressor 11 to convert the high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor A into a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor B, which is indicated by an AB line in FIG.
- the BC process is a process in which the condenser 12 performs isobaric cooling to convert the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor B into a low-temperature and high-pressure working medium C, and is indicated by a BC line in FIG.
- the pressure at this time is the condensation pressure.
- Pressure - an intersection T 1 of the high enthalpy side condensing temperature of the intersection of the enthalpy and BC line, the low enthalpy side intersection T 2 is the condensation boiling temperature.
- T 1 and T 2 are equal.
- a difference occurs between T 1 and T 2 .
- a higher temperature of T 1 and T 2 is defined as a “condensation temperature”.
- the temperature gradient in the case of a non-azeotropic mixed medium is shown as the difference between T 1 and T 2.
- the CD process is a process in which isenthalpy expansion is performed by the expansion valve 13 and the low-temperature and high-pressure working medium C is used as the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium D, and is indicated by a CD line in FIG.
- T 2 -T 3 is (i) ⁇ supercooling degree of the working medium in the cycle of (iv) (hereinafter, optionally in the "SC" It is shown.)
- the DA process is a process of performing isobaric heating in the evaporator 14 to return the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium D to the high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor A, and is indicated by a DA line in FIG.
- the pressure at this time is the evaporation pressure.
- Pressure - intersection T 6 of the high enthalpy side of the intersection of the enthalpy and DA lines are "evaporation temperature". If Shimese the temperature of the working medium vapor A in T 7, T 7 -T 6 is (i) ⁇ superheat of the working medium in the cycle of (iv) (hereinafter, referred to as. "SH" where appropriate) a.
- T 4 indicates the temperature of the working medium D.
- T 4 and T 6 are equal.
- evaporation temperature the lower temperature of T 4 and T 6 is referred to as “evaporation temperature”.
- the cycle performance of the working medium is evaluated by, for example, the refrigerating capacity of the working medium (hereinafter, indicated as “Q” as necessary) and the coefficient of performance (hereinafter, indicated as “COP” as necessary).
- Q and COP of the working medium in each state of A after evaporation, high temperature and low pressure
- B after compression, high temperature and high pressure
- C after condensation, low temperature and high pressure
- D after expansion, low temperature and low pressure.
- COP means efficiency in the refrigeration cycle system. The higher the COP value, the smaller the input, for example, the amount of power required to operate the compressor, and the larger the output, for example, Q can be obtained. It represents what you can do.
- Q means the ability to freeze the load fluid, and the higher Q means that more work can be done in the same system.
- a large Q indicates that the target performance can be obtained with a small amount of working medium, and the system can be miniaturized.
- both the Q and COP are high, that is, equivalent to R410A, while keeping the global warming coefficient much lower. It is possible to set a level higher than that.
- the composition that keeps the temperature gradient of the working medium contained in the composition for the heat cycle system to be a certain value or less, in which case, the composition change when filling from the pressure vessel to the refrigeration air conditioner, A change in the refrigerant composition in the refrigeration air conditioner when the refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration air conditioner can be suppressed to a low level.
- the lubrication characteristics of the fluorinated hydrocarbon compound contained as the working medium can be improved. Therefore, the heat cycle system using the composition is more efficient than the conventional working medium. The system can be maintained in a stable state and the system can be operated stably.
- the working medium used in the present invention since the working medium used in the present invention has a carbon-carbon double bond, there is a possibility that the working medium is decomposed and acid is generated during system operation. is there.
- the refrigerating machine oil used in combination with this working medium is configured to suppress acid generation. However, even when acid is generated for some reason, the heat cycle system can be stably operated. It is preferable that
- the contact portion that comes into contact with the composition for a heat cycle system is composed of at least one selected from engineering plastics, organic films, and inorganic films.
- this contact portion in particular, a sliding portion in the case of having a compression mechanism, a seal portion inside the thermal cycle system, and the like should be protected. More specifically, a sliding member (bearing, etc.) provided in the sliding portion of the compressor, a seal member for preventing leakage of the working medium in the gap of the compressor, an insulating material provided in the electric motor, etc. Is mentioned.
- the engineering plastic used here is preferably at least one material selected from polyamide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyacetal resin, and fluororesin.
- the organic film used here is formed by using a polytetrafluoroethylene coating film, a polyimide coating film, a polyamideimide coating film, or a resin paint containing a resin composed of a polyhydroxy ether resin and a polysulfone resin and a crosslinking agent.
- the material is at least one material selected from thermosetting insulating films.
- the inorganic film used here is preferably at least one material selected from a graphite film, a diamond-like carbon film, a tin film, a chromium film, a nickel film, and a molybdenum film.
- the contact portion is a sliding member, for example, it is preferable to use any of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyamide.
- the contact portion is a seal portion, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide Chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, and hydrin rubber are preferred.
- an insulating material for an electric motor there are an insulating coating material for a stator winding, an insulating film, and the like.
- These insulation coating materials and insulation films are resins that are not physically or chemically modified by the working medium even when they come into contact with a high-temperature / high-pressure working medium, especially solvent resistance, extraction resistance, thermal / chemical Resins having stability and resistance to foaming are used.
- any of polyvinyl formal, polyester, THEIC-modified polyester, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyesterimide, and polyesteramideimide is used as an insulating coating material for the stator winding. It is preferable to use a double coated wire in which the upper layer is polyamideimide and the lower layer is polyesterimide. In addition to the above substances, an enamel coating having a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C. or higher may be used.
- polyethylene terephthalate PET
- polyethylene naphthalate PEN
- polyphenylene sulfide PPS
- polybutylene terephthalate PBT
- PEEK polyether ether ketone
- LCP liquid crystal polymer
- the aniline point of the refrigerating machine oil contained in the composition for the heat cycle system is -100 ° C. or higher and 0 ° C. or lower, swelling / shrinkage deformation of the resin material can be prevented.
- the sliding member, the insulating material of the electric motor, the sealing member inside the thermal cycle system, etc. in the compression mechanism as described above are prevented from deteriorating or damaged, and the thermal cycle system will not function or stop. be able to.
- a method for controlling the moisture concentration in the thermal cycle system a method using a moisture removing means such as a desiccant (silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, etc.) can be mentioned.
- the desiccant is preferably brought into contact with the liquid thermal cycle system composition in terms of dehydration efficiency. For example, it is preferable to place a desiccant at the outlet of the condenser 12 or the inlet of the evaporator 14 to contact the composition for the thermal cycle system.
- a zeolitic desiccant is preferable from the viewpoint of chemical reactivity between the desiccant and the composition for the heat cycle system and the moisture absorption capacity of the desiccant.
- the main component is a compound represented by the following formula (C) because it has a high hygroscopic capacity.
- Zeolite desiccants are preferred.
- M is a Group 1 element such as Na or K, or a Group 2 element such as Ca
- n is the valence of M
- x and y are values determined by the crystal structure.
- pore diameter and breaking strength are important.
- the working medium or the desiccant having a pore size larger than the molecular diameter of the refrigerating machine oil contained in the composition for the heat cycle system is used, the working medium or the refrigerating machine oil is adsorbed in the desiccant, and as a result, the working medium or A chemical reaction occurs between the refrigerating machine oil and the desiccant, and undesired phenomena such as generation of non-condensable gas, a decrease in the strength of the desiccant, and a decrease in adsorption capacity occur.
- a zeolitic desiccant having a small pore size as the desiccant.
- a sodium / potassium A type synthetic zeolite having a pore diameter of 3.5 angstroms or less is preferable.
- sodium / potassium type A synthetic zeolite having a pore size smaller than the molecular diameter of the working medium or refrigerating machine oil only the water in the heat cycle system is selectively absorbed without adsorbing the working medium or refrigerating machine oil. Can be removed by adsorption. In other words, the adsorption of the working medium and the refrigerating machine oil to the desiccant is unlikely to occur, so that thermal decomposition is difficult to occur.
- the size of the zeolitic desiccant is preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm because if it is too small, it will cause clogging of valves and piping details of the heat cycle system, and if it is too large, the drying ability will be reduced.
- the shape is preferably granular or cylindrical.
- the zeolitic desiccant can be formed into an arbitrary shape by solidifying powdery zeolite with a binder (such as bentonite).
- a binder such as bentonite
- Other desiccants silicon gel, activated alumina, etc.
- the use ratio of the zeolitic desiccant with respect to the composition for a heat cycle system is not particularly limited.
- non-condensable gas when non-condensable gas is mixed in the heat cycle system, it adversely affects heat transfer in the condenser and the evaporator and increases in operating pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress mixing as much as possible.
- oxygen which is one of non-condensable gases, reacts with the working medium and refrigerating machine oil to promote decomposition.
- the non-condensable gas concentration is preferably 1.5% by volume or less, particularly preferably 0.5% by volume or less in terms of volume ratio to the working medium in the gas phase part of the working medium.
- the composition for the thermal cycle system of the present invention described above, by using the composition for the thermal cycle system of the present invention, the lubrication characteristics are good, and the practically sufficient cycle performance is suppressed while suppressing the influence on global warming. Is obtained, and there is almost no problem with the temperature gradient.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, conventional examples, and comparative examples.
- one of each of the following working media 1 to 64 and refrigerating machine oils A to I is selected and combined, and 50 g of the refrigerating machine oil is mixed and dissolved in 50 g of the working medium, and the composition for the heat cycle system. 576 types were manufactured. Therefore, the composition for a heat cycle system in this example is composed of 50% by mass of a working medium and 50% by mass of refrigerating machine oil.
- an antioxidant is added to constitute a composition for a heat cycle system.
- Refrigerating machine oil A Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RH-208BRS, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerating machine oil B Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RH-481R, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerating machine oil C Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RHR-32, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerating machine oil D: Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RHR-64, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerating machine oil E Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RHR-200, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerating machine oil F Polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil (trade name: Unistar RHR-609BR, product of NOF Corporation)
- Refrigerator oil G Refrigerator oil mainly composed of polyol ester (trade name: Ze-GLES RB-68, product of JX
- Refrigerating machine oils A to F contain, as additives, an antioxidant (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) when the total amount of refrigerating machine oil and antioxidant is 100% by mass. It added so that it might become 0.5 mass%, it was set as the refrigerator oil composition, and it manufactured and evaluated using this.
- an antioxidant (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) when the total amount of refrigerating machine oil and antioxidant is 100% by mass. It added so that it might become 0.5 mass%, it was set as the refrigerator oil composition, and it manufactured and evaluated using this.
- refrigerating machine oil composition when used, it is also expressed as “refrigerating machine oil”.
- ⁇ Test items (Aniline point of refrigerating machine oil) Using the refrigerating machine oil described above, the aniline point of each sample oil was evaluated in accordance with JIS K 2256 “Petroleum products” “How to determine aniline points and mixed aniline points”. The aniline and the refrigerating machine oil were blended so as to be 50% by mass, respectively, and the obtained mixed liquid was cooled from 0 ° C. to ⁇ 100 ° C., and the phase separation state was visually confirmed and evaluated according to the following criteria. ⁇ : There is an aniline point in the range of ⁇ 100 to 0 ° C. ⁇ : No aniline point in the range of ⁇ 100 to 0 ° C.
- the test was carried out in accordance with “Plastics—Test method for determining the effect of immersion in liquid chemicals” described in JIS K 7114.
- the composition for a heat cycle system was put into a 200 ml stainless steel pressure vessel containing a 150 ml glass tube inside, and about 10 g of a nylon-11 test piece was placed and sealed.
- the sealed pressure vessel was stored in a thermostatic chamber (Perfect Oven PHH-202, manufactured by ESPEC Corporation) at 175 ° C. for 14 days, and the weight change of the test piece was confirmed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- ⁇ No mass change of 1% or more
- x Mass change of 1% or more When there is a mass change, it indicates that the resin swelled by the immersion test.
- the test was carried out in accordance with “Testing method for chemical stability of refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil (autoclave)” described in JIS K2211.
- the composition for the heat cycle system was put into a 200 ml stainless steel pressure vessel containing a 150 ml glass tube inside, and further, as a catalyst, iron, copper and aluminum test pieces were put into one pressure vessel and sealed. .
- the sealed pressure vessel was then stored in a thermostatic chamber (Perfect Oven PHH-202, manufactured by ESPEC Corporation) at 175 ° C. for 14 days.
- the acid content of the working medium was measured, the hue of the refrigerating machine oil was observed, and the catalyst The appearance change was observed.
- the following metal pieces were used as the catalyst.
- Test piece of cold-rolled steel sheet for general steel (as defined in JIS G3141, symbol type SPCC-SB), 30 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ thickness 3.2 mm
- Copper Tough pitch copper (as defined in JIS H3100, alloy number C1100, symbol C1100P) test piece, 30 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm
- Aluminum Test piece of pure aluminum (as defined in JIS H4000, alloy number 1050, symbol A1050P), 30 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm
- the working fluid 11 containing a working medium 11 From the observation result of the circulating state, the working fluid 11 containing a working medium 11 ( It was confirmed that a sufficient amount of circulation similar to R-410A) can be secured. However, from the results of the stability test, the combination of the working medium containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound and the refrigerating machine oils B and F having a high hydroxyl value resulted in specific coloring of the refrigerating machine oil, discoloration of the catalyst and generation of sludge. confirmed. This is presumed that the double bond contained in the working medium other than the working medium 11 caused some decomposition and polymerization reaction starting from the hydroxyl group.
- a composition for a heat cycle system having good characteristics can be obtained by having a low hydroxyl value.
- composition for heat cycle using a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 200 mm 2 / s or less ensures a sufficient circulation amount similar to the working medium 11 (R-410A) which is a commercially available composition. It was confirmed from the observation result of the circulation state that it was possible.
- the thermal cycle composition containing a polyol ester type refrigerating machine oil having an aniline point at ⁇ 100 to 0 ° C. or a polyvinyl ether type refrigerating machine oil has a small resin swelling amount, taking nylon-11 as an example. Further, from the observation result of the circulation state, it was confirmed that a sufficient circulation amount similar to that of the working medium 11 (R-410A) having a commercially available composition can be secured.
- composition for the heat cycle system in which the working media 1 to 10 and 12 to 64 as examples of the present invention and the refrigeration oils A, C to D, and GH are combined, all the heat cycles It was revealed that the composition for a system has good circulation conditions and excellent stability, and is suitable as a composition for a heat cycle system.
- the composition for a heat cycle system of the present invention and the heat cycle system using the composition are refrigeration / refrigeration equipment (built-in showcase, separate-type showcase, commercial refrigeration / refrigerator, vending machine, ice maker, etc.) , Air conditioners (room air conditioners, store packaged air conditioners, building packaged air conditioners, facility packaged air conditioners, gas engine heat pumps, train air conditioners, automotive air conditioners, etc.), power generation systems (waste heat recovery power generation, etc.), heat transport It can be used for equipment (heat pipe, etc.).
- refrigeration / refrigeration equipment built-in showcase, separate-type showcase, commercial refrigeration / refrigerator, vending machine, ice maker, etc.
- Air conditioners room air conditioners, store packaged air conditioners, building packaged air conditioners, facility packaged air conditioners, gas engine heat pumps, train air conditioners, automotive air conditioners, etc.
- power generation systems waste heat recovery power generation, etc.
- heat transport It can be used for equipment (heat pipe, etc.).
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Abstract
Description
従来、冷凍機用冷媒、空調機器用冷媒、発電システム(廃熱回収発電等)用作動媒体、潜熱輸送装置(ヒートパイプ等)用作動媒体、二次冷却媒体等の熱サイクルシステム用の作動媒体としては、クロロトリフルオロメタン、ジクロロジフルオロメタン等のクロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、クロロジフルオロメタン等のヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)が用いられてきた。しかし、CFCおよびHCFCは、成層圏のオゾン層への影響が指摘され、現在、規制の対象となっている。
CxFyRz …………(I)
(式中、RはHまたはClであり、xは2~6の整数、yは1~12の整数、zは0~11の整数であり、2x≧y+z≧2である。)
[2]前記一般式(I)におけるxが2または3である化合物を含む、[1]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[4]熱サイクル用作動媒体が飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物をさらに含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[5]前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、トリフルオロメタン、ジフルオロメタン(HFC-32)、ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン、ペンタフルオロエタン、トリフルオロヨードメタン、ペンタフルオロプロパン、ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ヘプタフルオロプロパン、ペンタフルオロブタン、およびヘプタフルオロシクロペンタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、[4]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[7]前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がHFC-32を含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の100質量%に対するHFC-32の含有量が、20~80質量%である[4]~[6]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[8]前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、HFO-1123およびHFO-1234yfを含み、前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がHFC-32を含み、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体全量に対するHFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量の割合が90質量%を超え100質量%以下であり、
HFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量に対する割合で、
HFO-1123が10質量%以上70質量%未満、
HFO-1234yfが0質量%を超え50質量%以下、
かつHFC-32が30質量%を超え75質量%以下
である[4]または[5]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体全量に対するHFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量の割合が90質量%を超え100質量%以下であり、
HFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量に対する質量の割合で、
HFO-1123とHFO-1234yfの合計量が70質量%以上、
HFO-1123が30質量%以上80質量%以下、
HFO-1234yfが0質量%を超え40質量%以下、
HFC-32が0質量%を超え30質量%以下、
かつHFO-1234yfに対するHFO-1123の比が95/5以下、
である[4]または[5]に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[10]前記冷凍機油が、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、およびポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[11]前記冷凍機油は、40℃における動粘度が5~200mm2/sであり、100℃における動粘度が1~100mm2/sである、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
[13]熱サイクルシステムが、冷凍・冷蔵機器、空調機器、発電システム、熱輸送装置および二次冷却機から選ばれる少なくとも一種である[12]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[14]前記熱サイクルシステムが圧縮機構を有し、該圧縮機構の前記熱サイクルシステム用組成物と接触する接触部が、エンジニアリングプラスチック、有機膜、および無機膜から選ばれる少なくとも一種から構成される、[12]または[13]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[15]前記エンジニアリングプラスチックが、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、およびフッ素樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、[14]に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
[熱サイクルシステム用組成物]
熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む熱サイクル用作動媒体と、冷凍機油とを含む。
以下、本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物が含有する各成分を説明する。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物は作動媒体として、下記一般式(I)で表され、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1個以上有する化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含有する。
CxFyRz …………(I)
(式中、RはHまたはClであり、xは2~6の整数、yは1~12の整数、zは0~11の整数であり、2x≧y+z≧2である。)
該一般式(I)において、Cxで表されるx個の炭素原子の結合形態は、炭素-炭素単結合、炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合などが含まれ、炭素-炭素の不飽和結合を1以上有する。炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合は、安定性の点から、炭素-炭素二重結合であることが好ましく、その数は1であるものが好ましい。
また、一般式(I)において、Rは、HまたはClを表し、これらのいずれであってもよいが、オゾン層を破壊するおそれが小さいことから、Rは、Hであることが好ましい。 また、上記一般式(I)において、y+zの範囲は4以上であることが好ましい。
本発明において、熱サイクルシステム用作動媒体として用いられる不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、上記一般式(I)で表される化合物が挙げられ、例えば、炭素数2~6の直鎖状または分岐状の鎖状オレフィンや炭素数4~6の環状オレフィンのフッ素化物を好ましいものとして挙げることができる。
具体的には、1~3個のフッ素原子が導入されたエチレン、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたプロペン、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたブテン類、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたペンテン類、1~11個のフッ素原子が導入されたヘキセン類、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロブテン、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロペンテン、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロヘキセンなどが挙げられる。
本発明においては、この不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
以下、上記一般式(I)の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としてHFO-1123を必須の成分として含有する作動媒体を例に説明するが、ここで、HFO-1123をHFO-1123以外の上記一般式(I)の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物に置き換えることもできる。
まず、HFO-1123の作動媒体としての特性を、特に、R410A(HFC-32とHFC-125の質量比1:1の擬似共沸混合物)との相対比較において表1に示す。サイクル性能は、後述する方法で求められる成績係数と冷凍能力で示される。HFO-1123の成績係数と冷凍能力は、R410Aを基準(1.000)とした相対値(以下、相対成績係数および相対冷凍能力という)で示す。地球温暖化係数(GWP)は、気候変動に関する政府間パネル(IPCC)第4次評価報告書(2007年)に示される、または該方法に準じて測定された100年の値である。本明細書において、GWPは特に断りのない限りこの値をいう。作動媒体が混合物からなる場合、後述するとおり温度勾配は、作動媒体を評価する上で重要なファクターとなり、値は小さい方が好ましい。
本発明に用いる作動媒体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でHFO-1123以外に、通常作動媒体として用いられる化合物を任意に含有してもよい。このような任意の化合物(任意成分)としては、例えば、HFC、HFO-1123以外のHFO(炭素-炭素二重結合を有するHFC)、これら以外のHFO-1123とともに気化、液化する他の成分等が挙げられる。任意成分としては、HFC、HFO-1123以外のHFO(炭素-炭素二重結合を有するHFC)が好ましい。
作動媒体が任意成分を含有する場合、HFO-1123と任意成分が共沸組成である場合を除いて相当の温度勾配を有する。作動媒体の温度勾配は、任意成分の種類およびHFO-1123と任意成分との混合割合により異なる。
任意成分のHFCとしては、上記観点から選択されることが好ましい。ここで、HFCは、HFO-1123に比べてGWPが高いことが知られている。したがって、HFO-1123と組合せるHFCとしては、上記作動媒体としてのサイクル性能を向上させ、かつ温度勾配を適切な範囲にとどめることに加えて、特にGWPを許容の範囲にとどめる観点から、適宜選択されることが好ましい。
HFCは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
HFO-1123以外のHFOについても、上記HFCと同様の観点から選択されることが好ましい。なお、HFO-1123以外であってもHFOであれば、GWPはHFCに比べて桁違いに低い。したがって、HFO-1123と組合せるHFO-1123以外のHFOとしては、GWPを考慮するよりも、上記作動媒体としてのサイクル性能を向上させ、かつ温度勾配を適切な範囲にとどめることに特に留意して、適宜選択されることが好ましい。
なお、組成範囲(S)を示す各式において、各化合物の略称は、HFO-1123とHFO-1234yfと他の成分(HFC-32等)の合計量に対する当該化合物の割合(質量%)を示す。
HFO-1123+HFO-1234yf≧70質量%
95質量%≧HFO-1123/(HFO-1123+HFO-1234yf)≧35質量%
10質量%≦HFO-1123≦80質量%
10質量%≦HFC-32≦75質量%
5質量%≦HFO-1234yf≦60質量%
なお、組成範囲(P)を示す各式において、各化合物の略称は、HFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量に対する当該化合物の割合(質量%)を示す。組成範囲(R)、組成範囲(L)、組成範囲(M)においても同様である。また、以下に記載の組成範囲では、具体的に記載したHFO-1123とHFO-1234yfとHFC-32の合計量が、熱サイクル用作動媒体全量に対して90質量%を超え100質量%以下であることが好ましい。
70質量%≦HFO-1123+HFO-1234yf
30質量%≦HFO-1123≦80質量%
0質量%<HFO-1234yf≦40質量%
0質量%<HFC-32≦30質量%
HFO-1123/HFO-1234yf≦95/5質量%
さらに好ましい組成範囲(R)を、以下に示す。
<組成範囲(R)>
10質量%≦HFO-1123<70質量%
0質量%<HFO-1234yf≦50質量%
30質量%<HFC-32≦75質量%
20質量%≦HFO-1123<70質量%
0質量%<HFO-1234yf≦40質量%
30質量%<HFC-32≦75質量%
<組成範囲(L)>
10質量%≦HFO-1123<70質量%
0質量%<HFO-1234yf≦50質量%
30質量%<HFC-32≦44質量%
20質量%≦HFO-1123<70質量%
5質量%≦HFO-1234yf≦40質量%
30質量%<HFC-32≦44質量%
この範囲にあると温度勾配の上限が下がり、相対成績係数×相対冷凍能力の下限が上がる。相対成績係数が大きい点から8質量%≦HFO-1234yfがより好ましい。また、相対冷凍能力が大きい点からHFO-1234yf≦35質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物に用いる作動媒体は、上記任意成分以外に、二酸化炭素、炭化水素、クロロフルオロオレフィン(CFO)、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン(HCFO)等を含有してもよい。他の任意成分としてはオゾン層への影響が少なく、かつ地球温暖化への影響が小さい成分が好ましい。
炭化水素は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
CFOは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
HCFOは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物には、上記作動媒体に加え、該作動媒体の潤滑特性を改善可能な冷凍機油を含んでなる。
その中でも、本発明の必須の作動媒体成分であるフッ化炭化水素化合物との相溶性の観点からエステル系冷凍機油、エーテル系冷凍機油が適している。さらに、エステル系冷凍機油としてはポリオールエステル系冷凍機油が、エーテル系冷凍機油としてはポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
エステル系冷凍機油としては、化学的な安定性の面で、二塩基酸と1価アルコールとの二塩基酸エステル系冷凍機油、ポリオールと脂肪酸とのポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、またはポリオールと多価塩基酸と1価アルコール(または脂肪酸)とのコンプレックスエステル冷凍機油、ポリオール炭酸エステル冷凍機油等が基油成分として挙げられる。
二塩基酸エステル系冷凍機油としては、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸等の二塩基酸、特に、炭素数5~10の二塩基酸(グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸等)と、直鎖または分岐アルキル基を有する炭素数1~15の一価アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、ノナノール、デカノール、ウンデカノール、ドデカノール、トリデカノール、テトラデカノール、ペンタデカノール等)とのエステルが好ましい。この二塩基酸エステル系冷凍機油としては、具体的には、グルタル酸ジトリデシル、アジピン酸ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)、アジピン酸ジイソデシル、アジピン酸ジトリデシル、セバシン酸ジ(3-エチルヘキシル)等が挙げられる。
ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油とは、多価アルコールと脂肪酸(カルボン酸)とから合成されるエステルである。
(a)水酸基を2個以上有する化合物もしくはその誘導体、
(b)カルボキシ基を2個以上有する化合物もしくはその誘導体、ならびに
(c)カルボキシ基を1個有する化合物またはその誘導体、および/または、水酸基を1個有する化合物またはその誘導体
を用いて得られるエステルを含有し、上記一般式(I)に記載の作動媒体と共に用いられることを特徴とするものであり、潤滑性、シール性、作動媒体との相溶性、熱・化学的安定性、電気絶縁性等をバランスよく十分に満足し、圧縮機の潤滑不良や冷凍効率の低下を十分に防止することが可能なものである。
(a’)エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、グリセリン、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ジブチレングリコールおよびジブチレングリコールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種、
(b’)シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種、ならびに
(c’)吉草酸、カプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、イソペンタン酸、2-メチルヘキサン酸、2-エチルペンタン酸、2-エチルヘキサン酸、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸、n-ブタノール、n-ペンタノール、n-ヘキサノール、n-ヘプタノール、n-オクタノール、n-ノナノール、n-デカノール、n-ウンデカノール、n-ドデカノール、n-トリデカノール、n-テトラデカノール、n-ペンタデカノール、n-ヘキサデカノール、n-ヘプタデカノール、n-オクタデカノール、イソブタノール、イソペンタノール、イソヘキサノール、イソヘプタノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール、イソデカノール、イソドデカノール、イソテトラデカノールおよびイソヘキサデカノールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いて得られるエステルが特に好ましい。上記化合物(a’)~(c’)を用いて得られるエステルを冷凍機油に含有させると、潤滑性、シール性、作動媒体との相溶性、熱・化学的安定性、電気絶縁性等がよりバランスよく満たされる傾向にある。
化合物(a):3~55mol%、好ましくは5~50mol%、より好ましくは10~45mol%
化合物(b):3~55mol%、好ましくは5~50mol%、より好ましくは10~45mol%
化合物(c):3~90mol%、好ましくは5~80mol%、より好ましくは10~70mol%。
コンプレックスエステル系冷凍機油とは、脂肪酸および二塩基酸と、一価アルコールおよびポリオールとのエステルである。脂肪酸、二塩基酸、一価アルコール、ポリオールとしては、上述と同様のものを用いることができる。
二塩基酸としては、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸等が挙げられる。
ポリオール炭酸エステル系冷凍機油とは、炭酸とポリオールとのエステルである。
ポリオールとしては、ジオール(上述と同様のもの)を単独重合または共重合したポリグリコール(ポリアルキレングリコール、そのエーテル化合物、それらの変性化合物等)、ポリオール(上述と同様のもの)、ポリオールにポリグリコールを付加したもの等が挙げられる。
エーテル系冷凍機油としては、ポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油、ポリアルキレングリコール系冷凍機油等が挙げられる。
ポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油としては、ビニルエーテルモノマーを重合して得られたもの、ビニルエーテルモノマーとオレフィン性二重結合を有する炭化水素モノマーとを共重合して得られたもの、およびポリビニルエーテルと、アルキレングリコールもしくはポリアルキレングリコール、またはそれらのモノエーテルとの共重合体がある。
ここで、R1~R3のうちの炭素数1~8の炭化水素基とは、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種ヘプチル基、各種オクチル基のアルキル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、各種メチルシクロヘキシル基、各種エチルシクロヘキシル基、各種ジメチルシクロヘキシル基などのシクロアルキル基、フェニル基、各種メチルフェニル基、各種エチルフェニル基、各種ジメチルフェニル基のアリール基、ベンジル基、各種フェニルエチル基、各種メチルベンジル基のアリールアルキル基を示す。なお、これらのR1、R2およびR3の各々としては、特に水素原子が好ましい。
なお、一般式(1)におけるmは、RbOの繰り返し数を示し、その平均値が1~50、好ましくは2~20、さらに好ましくは2~10、特に好ましくは2~5の範囲の数である。RbOが複数ある場合には、複数のRbOは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
また、oは1~50、好ましくは1~10、さらに好ましくは1~2、特に好ましくは1、pは2~25、好ましくは5~15の数を示し,oおよびpはそれらが複数ある場合にはそれぞれブロックでもランダムでもよい。
Raのうち炭素数1~20の脂肪族もしくは脂環式炭化水素基としては、好ましくは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基もしくは炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基が挙げられ、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基,n-ブチル基,イソブチル基,sec-ブチル基,tert-ブチル基,各種ペンチル基,各種ヘキシル基,各種ヘプチル基,各種オクチル基,各種ノニル基,各種デシル基、シクロペンチル基,シクロヘキシル基,各種メチルシクロヘキシル基,各種エチルシクロヘキシル基,各種プロピルシクロヘキシル基,各種ジメチルシクロヘキシル基などである。
また、Raのうち炭素数2~20のアシル基としては、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基、イソブチリル基、バレリル基、イソバレリル基、ピバロイル基、ベンゾイル基、トルオイル基などを挙げることができる。
さらに、Raのうち炭素数2~50の酸素含有炭化水素基の具体例としては、メトキシメチル基、メトキシエチル基、メトキシプロピル基、1,1-ビスメトキシプロピル基、1,2-ビスメトキシプロピル基、エトキシプロピル基、(2-メトキシエトキシ)プロピル基、(1-メチル-2-メトキシ)プロピル基などを好ましく挙げることができる。
なお、R1~R3、Ra、RbおよびmならびにR1~R4は、それぞれ構成単位毎に同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
ポリマーの重合開始末端は、水,アルコール類,フェノール類を使用した場合は水素が結合し、アセタール類を使用した場合は水素または使用したアセタール類から一方のアルコキシ基が脱離したものとなる。またビニルエーテル類とカルボン酸との付加物を使用した場合には、ビニルエーテル類とカルボン酸との付加物からカルボン酸部分由来のアルキルカルボニルオキシ基が脱離したものとなる。
ポリアルキレングリコール系冷凍機油としては、炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキシド(エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド等)を、水や水酸化アルカリを開始剤として重合させる方法等により得られたものが挙げられる。また、ポリアルキレングリコールの水酸基をエーテル化したものであってもよい。ポリアルキレングリコール系冷凍機油中のオキシアルキレン単位は、1分子中において同一であってもよく、2種以上のオキシアルキレン単位が含まれていてもよい。1分子中に少なくともオキシプロピレン単位が含まれることが好ましい。
R101-[(OR102)k-OR103]l …(4)
(式中、R101は水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアシル基または結合部2~6個を有する炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、R102は炭素数2~4のアルキレン基、R103は水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基または炭素数2~10のアシル基、lは1~6の整数、kはk×lの平均値が6~80となる数を示す。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
さらにlが2以上の場合には、1分子中の複数のR103は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
(式中、hは6~80の数を表す。)
CH3O-(C2H4O)i-(C3H6O)j-CH3 …(6)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上であり且つiとjとの合計が6~80となる数を表す。)
C4H9O-(C3H6O)h-H …(7)
(式中、hは6~80の数を示す。)
CH3O-(C3H6O)h-H …(8)
(式中、hは6~80の数を表す。)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上であり且つiとjとの合計が6~80となる数を表す。)
C4H9O-(C2H4O)i-(C3H6O)j-H …(10)
(式中、iおよびjはそれぞれ1以上であり且つiとjとの合計が6~80となる数を表す。)
CH3COO-(C3H6O)h-COCH3 …(11)
(式中、hは6~80の数を表す。)
このポリオキシアルキレングリコール類は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これらの冷凍機油は、作動媒体と混合して熱サイクルシステム用組成物として使用することが好ましい。このとき、冷凍機油の配合割合は、熱サイクルシステム用組成物全量に対して5~60質量%が望ましく、10~50質量%がより好ましい。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、その他、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で公知の任意成分を含有できる。この任意成分としては、例えば、熱サイクルシステム用組成物中において冷凍機油を安定して含有させる添加剤が挙げられ、このような添加剤として、銅不活性化剤、極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤、消泡剤、重合防止剤等が挙げられる。各添加剤は必要に応じて添加すればよく、個々の添加剤の配合量は、熱サイクルシステム用組成物100質量%中に0.01質量%以上5質量%以下になるように設定すればよい。なお、酸捕捉剤の配合量および酸化防止剤の配合量は、0.05質量%以上5質量%以下の範囲が好ましい。
本発明の熱サイクルシステムは、本発明の熱サイクルシステム用組成物を用いたシステムである。本発明の熱サイクルシステムは、凝縮器で得られる温熱を利用するヒートポンプシステムであってもよく、蒸発器で得られる冷熱を利用する冷凍サイクルシステムであってもよい。
冷凍・冷蔵機器として、具体的には、ショーケース(内蔵型ショーケース、別置型ショーケース等)、業務用冷凍・冷蔵庫、自動販売機、製氷機等が挙げられる。
発電システムとして、具体的には、蒸発器において地熱エネルギー、太陽熱、50~200℃程度の中~高温度域廃熱等により作動媒体を加熱し、高温高圧状態の蒸気となった作動媒体を膨張機にて断熱膨張させ、該断熱膨張によって発生する仕事によって発電機を駆動させ、発電を行うシステムが例示される。
潜熱輸送装置としては、装置内に封入された作動媒体の蒸発、沸騰、凝縮等の現象を利用して潜熱輸送を行うヒートパイプおよび二相密閉型熱サイフォン装置が挙げられる。ヒートパイプは、半導体素子や電子機器の発熱部の冷却装置等、比較的小型の冷却装置に適用される。二相密閉型熱サイフォンは、ウィッグを必要とせず構造が簡単であることから、ガス-ガス型熱交換器、道路の融雪促進および凍結防止等に広く利用される。
(i)蒸発器14から排出された作動媒体蒸気Aを圧縮機11にて圧縮して高温高圧の作動媒体蒸気Bとする(以下、「AB過程」という。)。
(ii)圧縮機11から排出された作動媒体蒸気Bを凝縮器12にて流体Fによって冷却し、液化して低温高圧の作動媒体Cとする。この際、流体Fは加熱されて流体F’となり、凝縮器12から排出される(以下、「BC過程」という。)。
(iii)凝縮器12から排出された作動媒体Cを膨張弁13にて膨張させて低温低圧の作動媒体Dとする(以下、「CD過程」という。)。
(iv)膨張弁13から排出された作動媒体Dを蒸発器14にて負荷流体Eによって加熱して高温低圧の作動媒体蒸気Aとする。この際、負荷流体Eは冷却されて負荷流体E’となり、蒸発器14から排出される(以下、「DA過程」という。)。
BC過程は、凝縮器12で等圧冷却を行い、高温高圧の作動媒体蒸気Bを低温高圧の作動媒体Cとする過程であり、図2においてBC線で示される。この際の圧力が凝縮圧である。圧力-エンタルピ線とBC線の交点のうち高エンタルピ側の交点T1が凝縮温度であり、低エンタルピ側の交点T2が凝縮沸点温度である。ここで、作動媒体が単一の化合物または共沸混合物の場合T1とT2は等しい。非共沸混合物である場合、T1とT2に差が生じる。本発明においては、この場合、T1とT2のうち高い温度を「凝縮温度」とする。なお、非共沸混合媒体である場合の温度勾配はT1とT2の差として示される。
COP=Q/圧縮仕事=(hA-hD)/(hB-hA) …(B)
M2/nO・Al2O3・xSiO2・yH2O …(C)
ただし、Mは、Na、K等の1族の元素またはCa等の2族の元素であり、nは、Mの原子価であり、x、yは、結晶構造にて定まる値である。Mを変化させることにより細孔径を調整できる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物が含有する作動媒体や冷凍機油の分子径よりも大きい細孔径を有する乾燥剤を用いた場合、作動媒体や冷凍機油が乾燥剤中に吸着され、その結果、作動媒体や冷凍機油と乾燥剤との化学反応が生じ、不凝縮性気体の生成、乾燥剤の強度の低下、吸着能力の低下等の好ましくない現象を生じることとなる。
熱サイクルシステム用組成物に対するゼオライト系乾燥剤の使用割合は、特に限定されない。
冷凍機油B:ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油(商品名:ユニスター RH-481R、日油株式会社製品)
冷凍機油C:ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油(商品名:ユニスター RHR-32、日油株式会社製品)
冷凍機油D:ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油(商品名:ユニスター RHR-64、日油株式会社製品)
冷凍機油E:ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油(商品名:ユニスター RHR-200、日油株式会社製品)
冷凍機油F:ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油(商品名:ユニスター RHR-609BR、日油株式会社製品)
冷凍機油G:ポリオールエステルを主成分とする冷凍機油(商品名:Ze-GLES RB-68、JX日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社製品)
冷凍機油H:ポリビニルエーテルを主成分とする冷凍機油(商品名:ダフニーハーメチックオイルFVC68D、出光興産株式会社製品)
冷凍機油I:ナフテン系高級冷凍機油(商品名:スニソ4GS、出光興産株式会社製品)
(冷凍機油のアニリン点)
上述した冷凍機油を用いて、JIS K 2256「石油製品」の「アニリン点及び混合アニリン点の求め方」に準拠して、各試料油のアニリン点を評価した。アニリンおよび冷凍機油がそれぞれ50質量%になるように配合し、得られた混合液を0℃から-100℃まで冷却し、相分離状態を目視で確認して、以下の基準で評価した。
○:-100~0℃の範囲に、アニリン点がある。
×:-100~0℃の範囲に、アニリン点がない。
JIS K 7114に記された「プラスチック-液体薬品への浸せき効果を求める試験方法」に準拠して実施した。内部に150mlのガラス筒を入れた200mlのステンレス製の耐圧容器に、熱サイクルシステム用組成物を投入し、さらに約10gのナイロン-11の試験片を入れ、密閉した。次いで、密閉した耐圧容器を恒温槽(パーフェクトオーブンPHH-202、エスペック株式会社製)中に175℃で14日間保存し、試験片の重量変化を確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
○:1%以上の質量変化なし
×:1%以上の質量変化あり
質量変化ありの場合は、上記浸せき試験により樹脂が膨潤したことを示す。
図1に示した熱サイクルシステム10に、各熱サイクルシステム用組成物を入れ、熱サイクルシステムの連続運転を行った。熱サイクルシステム用組成物の循環状態を評価するために、熱サイクルシステムにおける蒸発器14から圧縮機11への流路の一部をガラス配管とした。このガラス配管から内部を観察して熱サイクルシステム内の熱サイクルシステム用組成物の循環状態を評価した。循環状態は、目視にて以下の基準により評価した。
○:冷凍機油の循環が確認できた
△:冷凍機油の循環は見られるが循環量がやや少ない
×:冷凍機油の循環が確認できない
JIS K 2211に記された「冷媒と冷凍機油の化学的安定性試験方法(オートクレーブ)」に準拠して実施した。内部に150mlのガラス筒を入れた200mlのステンレス製の耐圧容器に、熱サイクルシステム用組成物を投入し、さらに触媒として、1つの耐圧容器に鉄、銅およびアルミニウムの試験片を入れ、密閉した。次いで、密閉した耐圧容器を恒温槽(パーフェクトオーブンPHH-202、エスペック株式会社製)中に175℃で14日間保存し、次のように作動媒体の酸分量測定、冷凍機油の色相観察および触媒の外観変化観察を行った。
なお、触媒となる金属片は,次のものを用いた。
a)鉄一般用冷間圧延鋼板(JIS G3141に定められたもの、記号の種類SPCC-SB)の試験片,30mm×25mm×厚さ3.2mm
b)銅 タフピッチ銅(JIS H3100に定められたもの、合金番号C1100、記号C1100P)の試験片、30mm×25mm×厚さ2mm
c)アルミニウム 純アルミニウム(JIS H4000に定められたもの、合金番号1050、記号A1050P)の試験片、30mm×25mm×厚さ2mm
安定性試験後、作動媒体を抜き出した圧力容器に残った冷凍機油を取り出し、ASTM-D156に準拠して冷凍機油の色相を評価した。
○:変化なし
×:着色が進行した
着色が進行した場合は、上記安定性試験により熱サイクルシステム用組成物が劣化したことを示す。
触媒の外観変化は、安定性試験後の触媒金属の外観を目視で確認し、以下の基準により評価した。
○:変化なし
×:光沢なしまたは黒く変色
光沢なしまたは黒く変色の場合は、上記安定性試験により熱サイクルシステム用組成物が劣化したことを示す。
スラッジ有無は、安定性試験後の容器を目視で確認し、以下の基準により評価した。
○:スラッジなし
×:スラッジあり
スラッジありの場合は、上記安定性試験により熱サイクルシステム用組成物が何らかの分解、または重合反応を起こしたことを示す。
(冷凍機油のアニリン点確認)
結果を表4に示す。冷凍機油Iのみが80℃にアニリン点を有し、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、ポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油と明確な違いが確認された。
結果を表5、6に示す。-100~0℃にアニリン点を有しない冷凍機油Iのみで重量変化が発生し、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、ポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油と明確な違いが確認された。一方、作動媒体種による顕著な差はみられず、市販される組成である作動媒体11(R-410A)と同様の結果が得られた。
結果を表7,8に示す。冷凍機油Iのみが十分な流量を確保できず、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、ポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油と明確な違いが確認された。一方、作動媒体種による顕著な差はみられず、市販される組成である作動媒体11(R-410A)と同様の結果が得られた。ただし、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油であっても、動粘度の高い冷凍機油E、Fは循環量がやや少なくなる傾向がみられた。
安定性試験は十分な流量を確保できなかった冷凍機油I以外の冷凍機油について実施した。
結果を表9,10に示す。作動媒体11(R-410A)以外の作動媒体において、冷凍機油A、C~E、G~Hとの組み合わせではすべて良好であった。冷凍機油B、Fとの組み合わせにおいて顕著な着色の進行が確認された。
結果を表11,12に示す。色相試験同様、作動媒体11(R-410A)以外の作動媒体において、冷凍機油A、C~E、G~Hとの組み合わせではすべて良好であった。冷凍機油B、Fとの組み合わせにおいて、触媒の外観に顕著な変化が確認された。
結果を表13,14に示す。色相試験同様、作動媒体11(R-410A)以外の作動媒体において、冷凍機油A、C~E、G~Hとの組み合わせではすべて良好であった。冷凍機油B、Fとの組み合わせにおいて顕著なスラッジの発生が確認された。
不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む作動媒体とポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、あるいはポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油を含む熱サイクル用組成物は、循環状態の観測結果より、市販される組成である作動媒体11(R-410A)と同様の十分な循環量を確保することができることが確認された。しかし、安定性試験の結果から、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む作動媒体と、水酸基価が高い冷凍機油B、Fの組み合わせで特異的に冷凍機油の着色、触媒の変色およびスラッジの発生が確認された。これは水酸基を起点に、作動媒体11以外の作動媒体に含有される二重結合が何らかの分解、重合反応を発生させたと推測される。したがって、所定の構造を有する不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む作動媒体と組み合わせて使用する冷凍機油としては、水酸基価が低いものとすることで、良好な特性の熱サイクルシステム用組成物が得られることがわかった。
なお、2014年2月20日に出願された日本特許出願2014-030857号、2014年6月20日に出願された日本特許出願2014-127744号、2014年7月18日に出願された日本特許出願2014-148347号および2014年9月12日に出願された日本特許出願2014-187006号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、要約書および図面の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (15)
- 下記一般式(I)で表され、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1個以上有する化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物、を含む熱サイクル用作動媒体と、
絶縁破壊電圧が25kV以上で、水酸基価が0.1mgKOH/g以下であり、かつアニリン点が-100℃以上0℃以下である冷凍機油と、
を含むことを特徴とする熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
CxFyRz …………(I)
(式中、RはHまたはClであり、xは2~6の整数、yは1~12の整数、zは0~11の整数であり、2x≧y+z≧2である。) - 前記一般式(I)におけるxが2または3である化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、トリフルオロエチレン、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、1,2-ジフルオロエチレン、2-フルオロプロペン、1,1,2-トリフルオロプロペン、(E)-1,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン、(Z)-1,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン、(E)-1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、(Z)-1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンおよび3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項2に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 熱サイクル用作動媒体が飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物をさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、トリフルオロメタン、ジフルオロメタン、ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン、ペンタフルオロエタン、トリフルオロヨードメタン、ペンタフルオロプロパン、ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ヘプタフルオロプロパン、ペンタフルオロブタン、およびヘプタフルオロシクロペンタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項4に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がトリフルオロエチレンを含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の100質量%に対するトリフルオロエチレンの含有量が、20~80質量%である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がジフルオロメタンを含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の100質量%に対するジフルオロメタンの含有量が、20~80質量%である請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、トリフルオロエチレンおよび2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンを含み、前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がジフルオロメタンを含み、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体全量に対するトリフルオロエチレンと2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとジフルオロメタンの合計量の割合が90質量%を超え100質量%以下であり、
トリフルオロエチレンと2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとジフルオロメタンの合計量に対する質量の割合で、
トリフルオロエチレンが10質量%以上70質量%未満、
2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンが0質量%を超え50質量%以下、
かつジフルオロメタンが30質量%を超え75質量%以下
である請求項4または5に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。 - 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、トリフルオロエチレンおよび2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンを含み、前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物がジフルオロメタンを含み、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体全量に対するトリフルオロエチレンと2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとジフルオロメタンの合計量の割合が90質量%を超え100質量%以下であり、
トリフルオロエチレンと2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとジフルオロメタンの合計量に対する質量の割合で、
トリフルオロエチレンと2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンの合計量が70質量%以上、
トリフルオロエチレンが30質量%以上80質量%以下、
2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンが0質量%を超え40質量%以下、
ジフルオロメタンが0質量%を超え30質量%以下、
かつ2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンに対するトリフルオロエチレンの比が95/5以下、
である請求項4または5に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。 - 前記冷凍機油が、ポリオールエステル系冷凍機油、およびポリビニルエーテル系冷凍機油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 前記冷凍機油は、40℃における動粘度が5~200mm2/sであり、100℃における動粘度が1~100mm2/sである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の熱サイクルシステム用組成物を用いた熱サイクルシステム。
- 熱サイクルシステムが、冷凍・冷蔵機器、空調機器、発電システム、熱輸送装置および二次冷却機から選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項12に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
- 前記熱サイクルシステムが圧縮機構を有し、該圧縮機構の前記熱サイクルシステム用組成物と接触する接触部が、エンジニアリングプラスチック、有機膜、および無機膜から選ばれる少なくとも一種から構成される、請求項12または13に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
- 前記エンジニアリングプラスチックが、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、およびフッ素樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項14に記載の熱サイクルシステム。
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JPWO2015125884A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
EP3109302A1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
JP2020073632A (ja) | 2020-05-14 |
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EP3109302A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
US9957430B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
JP6583261B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
JP6753497B2 (ja) | 2020-09-09 |
CN106062159B (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
US20180215980A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
US20160355719A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
US10233371B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
CN106062159A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
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