WO2015122021A1 - 魚介類の麻酔方法および装置 - Google Patents
魚介類の麻酔方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015122021A1 WO2015122021A1 PCT/JP2014/053673 JP2014053673W WO2015122021A1 WO 2015122021 A1 WO2015122021 A1 WO 2015122021A1 JP 2014053673 W JP2014053673 W JP 2014053673W WO 2015122021 A1 WO2015122021 A1 WO 2015122021A1
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- fish
- oxygen
- shellfish
- carbon dioxide
- anesthesia
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 63
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- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chavibetol Natural products COC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1O NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002217 eugenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/02—Receptacles specially adapted for transporting live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
- A61D7/04—Devices for anaesthetising animals by gases or vapours; Inhaling devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing long-time anesthesia by supplying oxygen to fish and shellfish with fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen in water containing high concentration carbon dioxide having an anesthetic effect on fish and shellfish.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for maintaining an active fish in an anesthetized state for a long time in a water tank in which a carbon dioxide partial pressure is adjusted to 55 to 95 mmHg in combination with cold processing of fish.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an ice-warmed seawater cooling apparatus for storing and transporting live squid in a low temperature state in an ice temperature state.
- Patent No. 4831409 Patent No. 4951736 Korean Patent No. 10-0531728 Patent No. 4322206 Takeda, T. et al., "Examination of the applicability of carbon dioxide anesthesia to live fish transport", Journal of the Japan Society of Fisheries Science, 49 (5), 1983, p. 725-731 Mitsutera, K. et al., "Application of cold carbon dioxide anesthesia to transport of live fish", Journal of Freezing and Drying Research Association, 37, 1991, p. 54-60
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional anesthesia method, and it is possible to safely and practically use fish and shellfish in a water environment containing a high concentration of carbon dioxide which exerts an anesthetic effect. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for administering anesthesia for a long time.
- the principle of anesthesia in the present invention is as follows. In order to achieve long-term anesthesia with carbon dioxide for fish and shellfish under normal water temperature (around 20 ° C.), it is necessary to provide the shellfish with an oxygen-rich environment exceeding saturated dissolved oxygen water.
- the respiratory movement reduced by carbon dioxide anesthesia reduces oxygen diffusion due to the partial pressure difference of [water dissolved oxygen partial pressure]-[water capillary dissolved oxygen partial pressure] in the buttocks, and it is ingested into the rabbit thin plate capillary Decreased oxygen causes hypoxemia and causes death.
- a method of producing fish and shellfish comprising the steps of: producing in water a high concentration of carbon dioxide having an anesthetic effect on the target fish and shellfish; and supplying fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen in the water. Method of anesthesia.
- a method of producing carbon dioxide concentration in water which exerts an anesthetic effect it is not limited to a specific method, for example, a method of supplying as a dissolved molecule in water, a method of supplying as a fine bubble, etc. it can. Moreover, it is also possible to supply as a fine bubble of the mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- the microbubbles containing gaseous oxygen be supplied so as to be in contact with the surface of the epithelial cell membrane of fish and shellfish by water flow. It is desirable that the fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen be sized so as to be maintained in position without floating in water. In order to continuously supply oxygen at a stable concentration to individuals of fish and shellfish which can not move under anesthesia, it is desirable that the particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less without buoyancy, and the mode of the particle size is 300 nm or less Is desirable. Further, it is desirable to supply microbubbles containing gaseous oxygen at a density of 40 million cells / ml or more.
- a fish tank containing a water tank containing target fish and shellfish, means for supplying carbon dioxide into the water tank, and means for supplying fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen into the water tank.
- Anesthesia equipment containing a water tank containing target fish and shellfish, means for supplying carbon dioxide into the water tank, and means for supplying fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen into the water tank.
- fish and shellfish is a concept including, in addition to fish, aquatic organisms having a swimming property, such as cephalopods and crustaceans, which ingest oxygen by breath respiration.
- carbon dioxide is supplied to the water to give high concentration carbon dioxide having an anesthetic effect to the target fish and shellfish, and the problem that the oxygen demand of the individual can not be satisfied even in a saturated dissolved oxygen environment under anesthesia
- a method of solving the problem by supplying fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen, it is possible to safely anesthesize the fish and shellfish under normal water temperature (around 20 ° C.) without starving.
- an anesthesia method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- induction of the anesthesia is carried out by supplying any high concentration of carbon dioxide throughout the aquarium.
- microbubbles containing gaseous oxygen are continuously supplied by water flow so as to be in direct contact with the heel part of the individuals.
- diffusion movement of oxygen is performed by the partial pressure difference between [gas oxygen partial pressure]-[the oxygen partial pressure dissolved in the capillary of the rat], so this part is taken up into the thin plate capillary. The amount of oxygen that is produced increases dramatically.
- the amount of oxygen ingested into the thin plate capillary is larger in the number of smaller bubbles according to the diameter of the microbubble in contact with the membrane surface of the epithelial cell, the internal pressure of the bubble, and the diffusion coefficient depending on the number of bubbles.
- the amount of oxygen taken up by the thin plate capillary increases, and it is possible to realize a high oxygen concentration environment exceeding the oxygen demand of the individual under carbon dioxide anesthesia by this method.
- the oxygen concentration which enables it to satisfy the oxygen demand of fish and shellfish under anesthesia is explained.
- oxygen concentration at this time is approximately 40% to 80%. Adjusted. That is, by providing approximately 2 to 4 times as much oxygen concentration as normal air breathing during normal health, respiratory failure as a complication that occurs under spontaneous respiratory movement suppressed by anesthesia is avoided.
- Anesthetic-suppressed respiratory centers reduce spontaneous respiratory movement and cause hypoxemia, and lowering oxygen concentration at the periphery of the whole body causes respiratory failure as a complication, but in order to prevent this, it is necessary to Increase the partial pressure difference of [in-alveolar oxygen partial pressure]-[in-alveolar capillary oxygen partial pressure] by increasing the inhaled oxygen concentration by 2 to 4 times, and the amount of oxygen ingested in the alveolar capillaries Compensate for impaired lung breathing movement by raising the Naturally, it is assumed that this phenomenon is also applicable to fish and shellfish, that is, a phenomenon found in land animals that are performing lung respiration, that is, under anesthesia that a high concentration of oxygen several times higher than a normal survival environment is required.
- the bubbles present in the water determine the size of the buoyancy according to their diameter and are reflected in the speed of rising in the water.
- the rise speed of bubbles in water depends on the liquid properties, but in water, the Reynolds number Re becomes approximately 1 at a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m.
- Re ⁇ 1 behaves as a solid sphere due to the flow state of the spherical bubble interface, the Stokes equation is well adapted.
- the measurement results of experiments using distilled water and tap water almost agree with the values calculated by the Stokes equation. Therefore, the rising speed of air bubbles in water is calculated as shown in the following table.
- the bubbles (nano bubbles) having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less are held at the position without rising when considered in units of time. Therefore, in order to continuously supply fine bubbles at a stable concentration to individuals of fish and shellfish which can not move under anesthesia, bubbles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less having a non-buoyant force are suitable.
- the partial pressure difference between [gas oxygen partial pressure] ⁇ [partial pressure dissolved oxygen in the capillary] can be increased.
- the smaller the fine bubble diameter the better the geometrical efficiency.
- Example 1 Confirmation of the anesthesia limit time when carbon dioxide is anaesthetized to fish and shellfish at a water temperature of 20 ° C
- the limit time of anesthesia is confirmed by experiment.
- the type and number of fish and shellfish used in the experiment are shown in Table 3.
- the water temperature in the experimental 700 L water tank was adjusted to 20 ° C., and the dissolved oxygen (DO) of the water in the water tank was kept saturated using a normal air pump and air stone.
- DO dissolved oxygen
- Example 2 Confirmation of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in which Anesthetic Effect Appears in Fish and Shellfish
- the type and number of fish and shellfish used in the experiment are shown in Table 6.
- the water temperature in the experimental 700 L water tank is adjusted to 20 ° C., and micro bubbles of the particle size distribution shown in Table 5 are continuously supplied to the water tank by the fine bubble generator, and carbon dioxide is aerated in the water.
- the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide was increased at a rate of 0.5%, and the concentration was increased until the fish and shellfish were anesthetized.
- the point at which the monitor camera confirmed that there was no swimming behavior and the body movement except for breathing movement in the heel part was stopped was evaluated as the start of anesthesia.
- Example 3 Demonstration of Long-Term Anesthesia with Carbon Dioxide
- five Isaki mice weighing about 450 g were used.
- the water temperature in the experimental 700 L water tank is adjusted to 20 ° C., and fine bubbles of the particle size distribution shown in Table 5 are continuously supplied to the water tank by the fine bubble generator, and carbon dioxide is aerated in water to dissolve dioxide
- the concentration of carbon was increased to 5% and Isaki was anesthetized.
- the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide reached 5%, it was confirmed with a monitor camera that all individuals did not have swimming behavior and their movement excluding respiratory movement in the heel part was stopped. Thereafter, anesthesia was carried out for 20 hours while maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration in the range of 5.0 to 4.5%.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it becomes possible to perform long-time and long-distance transport of the fish and shellfish calmed by anesthesia. Since the fish and shellfish which are calmed down by anesthesia have reduced physiological and metabolic activities, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the water quality due to the discharge of waste products, and it is possible to improve the loading rate in the limited water tank.
- a new anesthetic technique that allows fish to return to their original state of alertness and swimming around as a live fish after safe and long-time anesthesia for fish and shellfish, regardless of transportation means by land, air or sea It is possible to carry fish and shellfish while keeping alive for a long distance, which was considered impossible previously. In fish culture sites, etc., it can be used for calming fish to prevent damage and consumption of fish in various situations such as vaccination for disease prevention and gear cutting for prevention of meshing of pufferfish .
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
《実施例1:水温20℃で魚介類に二酸化炭素麻酔を行った時の麻酔限界時間の確認》
通常魚介類を取り扱う水温(20℃前後)下で魚介類に二酸化炭素麻酔を行うと飽和溶存酸素下においてもごく短時間内で頓死することが知られている。麻酔の限界時間を実験により確認する。実験に供した魚介類の種類と個体数は表3に示した。実験用700L水槽内の水温は20℃に調整し、通常のエアポンプとエアストーンを用いて水槽内海水の溶存酸素(DO)を飽和状態に保った。飽和溶存酸素下において二酸化炭素を水中に通気させて毎分増加量0.5%の速度で溶存二酸化炭素の濃度を上げ、魚介類に麻酔が掛かるまで濃度を高めた。遊泳行動が無く鰓部分の呼吸運動を除いた体動が停止した状態をモニタカメラで確認した時点を麻酔開始と評価した。その後、麻酔が掛かった二酸化炭素濃度よりも若干高い濃度に維持して麻酔を継続した。5分毎に鰓部分の活動が停止した個体を引き上げて頓死を確認した。その結果、全ての個体は麻酔後30分以内で頓死に到り、その経過は表4に示した通りである。なお、水中の二酸化炭素濃度は東亜ディーケーケー社製CGP-31型炭酸ガス濃度計で測定し、v/v%にて表記した。
実験に供した魚介類の種類と個体数は表6に示した。実験用700L水槽内の水温は20℃に調整し、微細気泡発生装置によって水槽に表5に示した粒径分布の微細気泡を持続的に供給するとともに、二酸化炭素を水中に通気させて毎分増加量0.5%の速度で溶存二酸化炭素の濃度を上げ、魚介類に麻酔が掛かるまで濃度を高めた。遊泳行動が無く鰓部分の呼吸運動を除いた体動が停止した状態をモニタカメラで確認した時点を麻酔開始と評価した。その後、麻酔が掛かった二酸化炭素濃度よりも若干高い濃度に達したところで二酸化炭素の供給を止め、その直後から気体酸素を通気させて二酸化炭素を水槽から追い出し、減少量1%/30minの速度で徐々に二酸化炭素濃度を下げて魚介類を麻酔から覚醒させた。その結果、実験に供した全ての魚介類は正常に覚醒し、覚醒後6時間時点の肉眼的所見においても何らかの異常が観察される個体を認めることはなかった。すなわち、広範な魚介類に対して通常魚介類を取り扱う水温(20℃前後)下での長時間二酸化炭素麻酔が可能であることが明らかになり、その経過は表7に示した通りである。なお、アオリイカについては麻酔初期の興奮状態が引き金となって3匹中1匹がスミを吐いたことから一旦実験を中断し、換水した後、引き続き同一個体を用いて行った再実験結果を示している。イカ類に麻酔する場合には麻酔初期に現れる軽度の興奮状態が引き金となって起こすと思われるスミを吐く反応を完全に抑えるために、麻酔誘導期の興奮が少なくする二酸化炭素濃度上昇方法を探索する必要があると考えられる。
実験には重さ約450gのイサキ5匹を用いた。実験用700L水槽内の水温は20℃に調整し、微細気泡発生装置によって水槽に表5に示した粒径分布の微細気泡を持続的に供給するとともに、二酸化炭素を水中に通気させて溶存二酸化炭素の濃度を5%にまで上げてイサキに麻酔を施した。溶存二酸化炭素の濃度が5%に達した時点で、全ての個体は遊泳行動が無く鰓部分の呼吸運動を除いた体動が停止した状態であることをモニタカメラで確認した。その後、5.0~4.5%の範囲に二酸化炭素濃度を維持して20時間の麻酔を実施した。麻酔後、気体酸素を通気させて二酸化炭素を水槽から追い出し、1%/30minの速度で徐々に二酸化炭素濃度を下げて魚介類を麻酔から覚醒させた。二酸化炭素濃度が十分低下した2~3時間に実験に供した全ての個体は正常に覚醒し、覚醒24時間後の所見でも異常な個体を認めることはなかった。すなわち、溶存二酸化炭素と気体酸素を含むナノサイズの気泡を同時に供給することで、通常取扱水温(20℃前後)下において安全かつ長時間の麻酔を魚介類に施すことができることが実証され、その経過は表8に示した通りである。
Claims (7)
- 対象となる魚介類に対して麻酔効果を有する高濃度二酸化炭素を水中に生成する工程と、
前記水中に気体酸素を含む微細気泡を供給する工程を含む、
魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 前記気体酸素を含む微細気泡を前記魚介類の鰓に接触させるように供給する工程を含む、
請求項1に記載の魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 前記気体酸素を含む微細気泡を前記魚介類の鰓上皮細胞膜表面に接触させるように供給する工程を含む、
請求項2に記載の魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 前記気体酸素を含む微細気泡の粒径が1μm以下である、
請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 前記気体酸素を含む微細気泡の粒径の最頻値が300nm以下である、
請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 前記気体酸素を含む微細気泡を4000万個/ml以上の密度で供給する、
請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載の魚介類の麻酔方法。 - 請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、
対象となる魚介類を収容する水槽と、
前記水槽内に二酸化炭素を供給する手段と、
前記水槽内に気体酸素を含む微細気泡を供給する手段を備える、
魚介類の麻酔装置。
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WO2020161801A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-13 | 憲司 久木野 | 魚介類を対象とした亜酸化窒素による長時間の強度鎮静化ないし麻酔を施し、覚醒させる方法および装置 |
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CN111616085B (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-01-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | 褐点石斑鱼的电与二氧化碳组合式麻醉方法 |
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