WO2015064483A1 - 繊維強化樹脂組成物、および繊維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
繊維強化樹脂組成物、および繊維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
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- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0286—Chemical after-treatment
- C08G75/029—Modification with organic compounds
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L81/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2381/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2381/04—Polysulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber reinforced resin composition having mechanical properties, productivity, and moldability.
- the present invention also relates to a fiber reinforced composite material having excellent mechanical properties.
- a fiber reinforced resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and reinforcing fibers is easy to mold by taking advantage of the properties of the thermoplastic resin, and does not require a storage load like a thermosetting resin, and is excellent in recyclability.
- a fiber reinforced resin composition various forms such as a thermoplastic prepreg in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in a sheet form and pellets in which reinforcing fibers are randomly dispersed are known.
- Fiber reinforced resin compositions are widely used as industrial materials such as structural members for aircraft, automobiles, ships, electronic equipment casings, sports applications, and building materials because of their excellent balance between lightness and mechanical properties. .
- polyarylene sulfide is particularly excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance, and is a resin that can be expected to be applied as an alternative to metal materials for the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition.
- polyarylene sulfide as an alternative to metal materials, further improvement in the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced resin compositions, particularly tensile strength and elongation, has been an issue. It was. This is because the tensile elongation of general polyarylene sulfide is lower than the tensile elongation of reinforcing fibers (for example, about 2% for carbon fibers). It was because it was not fully utilized.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a molding material in which a high molecular weight thermoplastic resin is placed in contact with a composite composed of a polyarylene sulfide prepolymer and continuous reinforcing fibers.
- a low molecular weight material is used for the impregnation of the continuous reinforcing fiber bundle
- a high molecular weight material is used for the matrix resin, thereby achieving both the mechanical properties and the productivity.
- Polyarylene sulfide prepolymer improves the productivity of molding materials because it easily impregnates the reinforcing fiber bundle, and further increases the dispersion of reinforcing fibers in the molded product by easily dispersing or compatibilizing with the matrix resin in the molding process. Excellent material.
- the polyarylene sulfide prepolymer has a low molecular weight, there is a problem in that the amount added and the mechanical properties of the obtained molded product have a trade-off relationship.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a composition in which adhesion between a metal material and an organic material is improved by combining polyarylene sulfide, a cyclic polyolefin resin, and polycarbodiimide.
- the reinforcing fibers are described in the specification, the purpose is to impart rigidity to the composition, and the purpose is to improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the fiber-reinforced resin composition. It was not intended to achieve both of these mechanical properties, productivity and moldability.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a composition comprising polyarylene sulfide, an aromatic polycarbodiimide resin, and an inorganic filler.
- this composition is intended to improve moisture resistance and chemical resistance without a significant decrease in mechanical properties, and although the mechanical properties of the composition are disclosed, its tensile strength and elongation are dramatically increased. I could't come up with a phenomenon that would be improved in general. Furthermore, it was not aimed to achieve both of these mechanical properties, productivity and moldability.
- Fiber reinforced composite materials are lightweight and have excellent mechanical properties, such as electrical / electronic equipment, civil engineering / architecture, machinery / mechanical components, robots, motorcycles / automobiles, space / Widely used for aviation applications.
- the reinforcing fibers used in these FRPs include metal fibers such as aluminum fibers and stainless fibers, organic fibers such as aramid fibers and PBO fibers, and inorganic fibers such as silicon carbide fibers and carbon fibers.
- Carbon fiber is preferably used from the viewpoint of being particularly excellent in specific strength and specific rigidity, and capable of obtaining outstanding lightness.
- a prepreg or a preform obtained by laminating a prepreg is press-molded (a molding method in which defoaming and shaping are performed under pressure) Molded products.
- This prepreg is generally manufactured by impregnating a reinforcing fiber base material in which continuous reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction or woven into a resin, but discontinuous reinforcing fibers are also used.
- Molded products made from prepregs made of continuous reinforcing fibers can provide excellent mechanical properties, but the reinforcing fibers are used as they are and are not suitable for molding complex shapes. Since the effect of the stacking angle on the properties is large, the usage is limited due to the economic burden of the stacking process.
- sheet molding compound (SMC) using discontinuous reinforcing fibers and glass mat substrate (GMT) are suitable for press molding, but have low mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific rigidity. From problems such as difficulty in dealing with thin molded products such as prepregs, and the fact that the resin flows greatly during molding, isotropic mechanical properties cannot be obtained, and variations in properties are large. Usage is limited.
- the interface between the reinforced fiber and the matrix resin is extremely important in developing the fiber reinforced composite material because the adhesion between the reinforced fiber and the matrix resin affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material. It is a difficult task.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a carbon fiber having a carbodiimide reagent attached to its surface, which is excellent in adhesion to a thermoplastic resin serving as a matrix resin and has improved bending strength. Problems remain in terms of interface strength, and further improvement in strength is desired.
- Patent Document 5 also discloses a technique related to a carbon fiber surface modifier containing an organic compound having two or more carbodiimide bonds in the molecule, and a carbon fiber modified with the modifier. Similarly, problems remain in terms of the interfacial strength between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin, and further improvement in the strength of the molded product is desired.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a polyarylene sulfide resin as an aliphatic polycarbodiimide resin and a fiber resin composition as an inorganic filler, but this also has insufficient tensile strength of the molded product. Strength improvement is desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced resin composition that improves the problems of the prior art and has both mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, productivity, and moldability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength.
- the inventors have controlled the abundance ratio of the adhesive compound around the reinforcing fiber by localizing the adhesive compound at the interface of the reinforcing fiber, and It has been found that the tensile strength of the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material is improved dramatically by improving the adhesion, and the present invention has been completed.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention for solving such problems has the following constitution. That is, a fiber reinforced resin composition containing a polyarylene sulfide (A), a carbodiimide compound (B), and a carbon fiber (C), and the carbon fiber (C) is surface-treated with a sizing agent (D).
- the carbodiimide compound (B) is an aliphatic carbodiimide compound, and the sizing agent (D) has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group and an epoxy group.
- a compound having 3 or more in one molecule containing 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of component (B) and 10 to 300 parts by mass of component (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (A).
- C A fiber-reinforced resin composition containing 0.01 to 5 parts by mass of component (D) with respect to 100 parts by mass.
- the molded product of the present invention for solving the above-described problems has the following configuration. That is, it is a molded product obtained by molding the above-described fiber reinforced resin composition.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention for solving the above-described problems has one of the following configurations.
- Rb R ( ⁇ 500 nm) / R (> 500 nm)
- Formula (1) R ( ⁇ 500 nm): abundance of carbodiimide compound (B) within 500 nm around carbon fiber (C)
- Resin (A ′), adhesive compound (B ′) and reinforcing fiber (C ′) are contained, and the adhesive compound (B ′) is selected from the group consisting of carbodiimide structure, urea structure and urethane structure It is a compound having at least two structures in one molecule, and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is a thermoplastic resin containing an element other than carbon in the repeating unit structure of the main chain.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material in which the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) represented by Rb ′ R ′ ( ⁇ 500 nm) / R ′ (> 500 nm) (1 ′) R ′ ( ⁇ 500 nm): Abundance of adhesive compound (B ′) within 500 nm around reinforcing fiber (C ′) R ′ (> 500 nm): Adhesive compound outside the surrounding 500 nm around reinforcing fiber (C ′) (B ') Abundance
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention can dramatically improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation.
- the mechanical properties are improved, so that a fiber reinforced resin composition having both mechanical properties, productivity and moldability can be obtained.
- the molded product of the present invention has dramatically improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, it can be suitably used for various products.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a high interface strength between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin, it is possible to dramatically improve the mechanical properties such as tensile strength.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention contains polyarylene sulfide (A), carbodiimide compound (B), carbon fiber (C), and sizing agent (D) as components. First, each component will be described.
- polyarylene sulfide (A) in the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention has a repeating unit of the formula: — (Ar—S) — as the main structural unit.
- the homopolymer or copolymer preferably contains 80 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more, and still more preferably 95 mol% or more of the repeating unit.
- Ar includes units represented by the following formulas (a) to (k), among which the unit represented by the formula (a) is particularly preferable.
- R1 and R2 are substituents selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and a halogen group. May be the same or different.
- this repeating unit is a main constituent unit, it can contain a small amount of branching units or crosslinking units represented by the following formulas (l) to (n).
- the copolymerization amount of these branched units or cross-linked units is preferably in the range of 0 to 1 mol% with respect to 1 mol of — (Ar—S) — units.
- polyarylene sulfide (A) may be any of a random copolymer, a block copolymer and a mixture thereof containing the above repeating unit.
- polyphenylene sulfide (formula (a), formula (b), formula (f) to formula (k)), polyphenylene sulfide sulfone (formula (d)), polyphenylene sulfide ketone (formula (C)), polyphenylene sulfide ether (formula (e)), random copolymers thereof, block copolymers and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred polyarylene sulfide (A) is p-phenylene sulfide unit as the main structural unit of the polymer.
- polyphenylene sulfide containing 80 mol% or more, particularly 90 mol% or more (hereinafter, polyphenylene sulfide may be abbreviated as PPS).
- PAS (A) has a mass average molecular weight of preferably 10,000 to 80,000, more preferably 10,000 to 60,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 40,000.
- a PAS (A) having a smaller mass average molecular weight is preferable because the melt viscosity is low and the resulting fiber-reinforced resin composition is excellent in moldability.
- PAS (A) having a smaller mass average molecular weight tends to improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition. This is because the functional group of PAS (A) is chemically reacted with the carbodiimide group of carbodiimide compound (B), and the smaller the mass average molecular weight, PAS (A), the functional group present at the terminal increases, and the carbodiimide compound It is estimated that this is because the reaction point with (B) increases.
- the mass average molecular weight of PAS (A) is in the range of 10,000 to 40,000, so that the mechanical properties and production of the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition are achieved. It is particularly preferable because both compatibility and moldability can be achieved at a high level.
- the mass average molecular weight of PAS (A) can be measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). 1-chloronaphthalene is used as the eluent, the column temperature is 210 ° C., and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is calculated.
- PAS (A) preferably has a functional group at the end of the main chain and / or side chain.
- the main chain as used herein refers to the longest chain structure portion in the polymer structure, and the portion branched from the main chain is referred to as a side chain.
- the polymer structure refers to a part where a single structural unit is repeatedly connected, or a part where a plurality of structural units are regularly or randomly connected, and the terminal is the last structural unit where the connection stops. Point to.
- the functional group possessed by PAS (A) is preferably at least one position on either the main chain and / or the end of the side chain of the polymer structure, and the proportion of PAS having such a functional group in PAS (A) is 50 mass% or more is preferable, 60 mass% or more is more preferable, and 80 mass% or more is further more preferable. By satisfying such conditions, a fiber reinforced resin composition having better mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the functional group possessed by PAS (A) includes those in which the functional group of the monomer used in the polymerization remains, a functional group formed by incorporating a catalyst, an auxiliary agent or a solvent during polymerization into the terminal, or a polymer structure
- Functional groups formed by cleavage by thermal decomposition or hydrolysis, and those functional groups modified by oxidation, reduction, and denaturing agents can be used.
- the modifier include epichlorohydrin, polyfunctional epoxy resin, acid anhydride and the like. Among them, since the damage to the polymer structure is small and the molecular weight is easy to control, the functional group of the monomer used during polymerization remains, and the catalyst, auxiliary agent and solvent during polymerization are incorporated at the terminal.
- the functional group formed in this way is preferably used.
- Examples of functional groups possessed by PAS (A) include thiol groups, epoxy groups, carboxyl groups, metal salts of carboxyl groups, amino groups, hydroxyl groups, isocyanate groups, oxazoline groups, and sulfonic acid groups.
- a thiol group, an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, a metal salt of a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group are preferable in terms of reactivity with a carbodiimide group, and a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group are particularly preferable.
- the amount of oligomer extracted with chloroform is preferably 2% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the amount of oligomer extracted with chloroform is an indicator of the amount of low-polymerization organic component (oligomer), and the residual after treatment with Soxhlet extraction for 5 hours using 200 mL of chloroform for 10 g of PAS (A) to be measured. It can be calculated from the quantity.
- PAS (A) is produced in a high yield by recovering PAS (A) from a polymerization reaction product obtained by reacting a polyhalogenated aromatic compound and a sulfidizing agent in a polar organic solvent, followed by post-treatment. be able to.
- a polyhalogenated aromatic compound means a compound having two or more halogen atoms in one molecule.
- Specific examples include p-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, hexa
- Examples include chlorobenzene, 2,5-dichlorotoluene, 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene, 1,4-dibromobenzene, 1,4-diiodobenzene, 1-methoxy-2,5-dichlorobenzene and the like.
- p-dichlorobenzene is preferably used. It is also possible to combine two or more different polyhalogenated aromatic compounds into a copolymer, but it is preferable to use a p-dihalogenated aromatic compound as the main component.
- the polyhalogenated aromatic compound is used in an amount of 0.9 to 2.0 moles, preferably 0.95 to 1 moles per mole of sulfidizing agent, in order to obtain a PAS (A) having a weight average molecular weight suitable for processing.
- a range of 0.5 mol, more preferably 1.005 to 1.2 mol can be exemplified.
- sulfidizing agent examples include alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal hydrosulfides, and hydrogen sulfide.
- alkali metal sulfide examples include lithium sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, rubidium sulfide, cesium sulfide and a mixture of two or more of these, and sodium sulfide is preferably used.
- These alkali metal sulfides can be used as hydrates or aqueous mixtures or in the form of anhydrides.
- alkali metal hydrosulfide examples include, for example, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, lithium hydrosulfide, rubidium hydrosulfide, cesium hydrosulfide and a mixture of two or more of these. Preferably used.
- These alkali metal hydrosulfides can be used as hydrates or aqueous mixtures or in the form of anhydrides.
- the amount of the sulfidizing agent charged is the residual amount obtained by subtracting the loss from the actual amount charged when a partial loss of the sulfiding agent occurs before the start of the polymerization reaction due to dehydration operation or the like. It shall mean quantity.
- alkali metal hydroxide and / or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide in combination with the sulfidizing agent.
- alkali metal hydroxide include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and a mixture of two or more of these.
- alkaline earth metal hydroxide include calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide. Of these alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is preferably used.
- an alkali metal hydrosulfide is used as the sulfiding agent, it is particularly preferable to use an alkali metal hydroxide at the same time, but the amount used is 0.95 to 1.
- a range of 20 mol, preferably 1.00 to 1.15 mol, more preferably 1.005 to 1.100 mol can be exemplified.
- the sulfidizing agent is usually used in the form of a hydrate, but before adding the polyhalogenated aromatic compound, the temperature of the mixture containing the organic polar solvent and the sulfidizing agent is increased, and excess water is removed from the system. It is preferable to remove it. In addition, when water is removed excessively by this operation, it is preferable to add and replenish the deficient water.
- an alkali metal sulfide prepared from an alkali metal hydrosulfide and an alkali metal hydroxide in situ in the reaction system or in a tank separate from the polymerization tank can be used.
- Desirable conditions for preparing the alkali metal sulfide are normal temperature to 150 ° C., more preferably normal temperature to 100 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere, and an alkali metal hydrosulfide and alkali metal hydroxide are added to the organic polar solvent.
- the temperature is raised to 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 180 to 260 ° C. under normal pressure or reduced pressure, to distill off water.
- a polymerization aid may be added at this stage.
- moisture content you may react by adding toluene etc.
- the amount of water in the polymerization system is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 moles per mole of the charged sulfidizing agent.
- the amount of water in the polymerization system is an amount obtained by subtracting the amount of water removed from the polymerization system from the amount of water charged in the polymerization system.
- the water to be charged may be in any form such as water, an aqueous solution, and crystal water.
- a more preferable range of the water content is 0.75 to 2.5 mol per mol of the sulfidizing agent, and a range of 1.0 to 1.25 mol is more preferable. In order to adjust the moisture to such a range, it is also possible to add moisture before or during the polymerization.
- PAS (A) is prepared by reacting a sulfidizing agent and a polyhalogenated aromatic compound in an organic polar solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone within a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher and 290 ° C. or lower. Is generated.
- a sulfidizing agent and a polyhalogenated aromatic compound are added to an organic polar solvent in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 220 ° C., preferably 100 to 220 ° C.
- a polymerization aid such as sodium acetate may be added.
- the polymerization assistant means a substance having an action of adjusting the viscosity of the obtained PAS (A). The order in which these raw materials are charged may be out of order or may be simultaneous.
- Such a mixture is usually heated to a temperature range of 200 ° C to 290 ° C.
- a rate of 0.01 to 5 ° C./min is usually selected, and a range of 0.1 to 3 ° C./min is more preferable.
- the temperature is raised to a temperature of 250 to 290 ° C., and the reaction is carried out at that temperature for 0.25 to 50 hours, preferably 0.5 to 20 hours.
- the method of raising the temperature to 250 to 290 ° C. after reacting at a temperature of, for example, 200 ° C. to 245 ° C. for a certain period of time before reaching the final temperature is effective for obtaining a higher degree of polymerization.
- the reaction time at 200 ° C. to 245 ° C. is usually selected within the range of 0.25 hours to 20 hours, preferably within the range of 0.25 to 10 hours.
- a solid is recovered from the polymerization reaction product including the polymer and the solvent in the recovery step.
- a recovery method for example, a flash method, that is, a polymerization reaction product is flashed from a high temperature and high pressure (usually 245 ° C. or more, 0.8 MPa or more) state to an atmosphere of normal pressure or reduced pressure, and the polymer is granulated simultaneously with solvent recovery.
- the quenching method that is, the polymerization reaction product is gradually cooled from a high temperature and high pressure state to precipitate the PAS component in the reaction system, and is filtered off at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- a method of recovering the solid containing the PAS component in the form of granules may be mentioned.
- the recovery method of PAS (A) is not limited to either the quench method or the flash method, but there are few oligomer components as typified by chloroform extraction components, and the tensile strength and In order to be particularly excellent in elongation, PAS (A) obtained by a quench method is preferable.
- the amount of PAS oligomer extracted with chloroform of PAS obtained by the quench method can be exemplified by 2% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- PAS (A) is used after subjecting the solid material obtained through the above polymerization and recovery steps to a hot water treatment or washing with an organic solvent as a post-treatment step. Since the solid obtained through the recovery step contains ionic impurities such as alkali metal halides and alkali metal organic substances that are polymerization by-products in addition to PAS (A), it is usually washed. is there.
- the cleaning liquid include a method of cleaning using water or an organic solvent, and cleaning with water can be exemplified as a preferable method in terms of obtaining PAS (A) easily and inexpensively.
- As the kind of water to be used ion exchange water and distilled water are preferably used.
- the washing temperature when washing the solid obtained through the recovery step is preferably 50 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, more preferably 150 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, and further preferably 180 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the operation with a liquid of 100 ° C. or higher is usually performed by charging a predetermined amount of the solid obtained through the recovery step into a predetermined amount of liquid, and heating and stirring at normal pressure or in a pressure vessel. Is called.
- the washing may be performed a plurality of times, and the washing temperature in each washing may be different, but in order to obtain PAS (A) having a small amount of ionic impurities, at least once, preferably 2 at a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher. It is preferable to perform washing more than once, and it is a more preferable method to pass a filtration step of separating the polymer and the washing liquid between each washing.
- a washing additive may be used when washing is performed, and examples of the washing additive include acids, alkali metal salts, and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the PAS to be cleaned is immersed in an aqueous solution made acidic by adding an organic acid or an inorganic acid to the water used for the cleaning, so that the pH of the aqueous solution after heating and cleaning becomes 2-8. It is preferable to do.
- the organic acid and inorganic acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid and the like, but are not limited thereto, but acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are preferable.
- PAS (A) obtained using an acid as a cleaning additive is referred to as an acid-terminated product.
- an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt as a cleaning additive
- a method of immersing PAS to be cleaned in an aqueous solution in which an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is added to water used for cleaning can be exemplified.
- the amount of the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.7% by mass, based on PAS (A).
- the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt include, but are not limited to, calcium salts, potassium salts, sodium salts, magnesium salts, and the like of the above organic acids or inorganic acids.
- the washing additive may be used at any stage of the washing process, but in order to efficiently wash with a small amount of additive, the solid collected in the collecting process is washed with water several times. Then, a method of impregnating PAS to be cleaned in an aqueous solution to which a cleaning additive is added and treating at 150 ° C. or higher is preferable.
- the ratio of the PAS and the cleaning liquid in the cleaning is preferably larger in the cleaning liquid.
- a bath ratio of 10 to 500 g of PAS (A) is preferably selected with respect to 1 liter of the cleaning liquid, and more preferably 50 to 200 g.
- the PAS (A) thus obtained is dried under normal pressure and / or under reduced pressure.
- a drying temperature is preferably in the range of 120 to 280 ° C, more preferably in the range of 140 to 250 ° C.
- the drying atmosphere may be an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium or reduced pressure, an oxidizing atmosphere such as oxygen or air, or a mixed atmosphere of air and nitrogen, but an inert atmosphere is preferred from the viewpoint of melt viscosity.
- the drying time is preferably 0.5 to 50 hours, more preferably 1 to 30 hours, still more preferably 1 to 20 hours.
- the carbodiimide compound (B) in the present invention is an aliphatic carbodiimide compound.
- the carbodiimide compound (B) is not an aliphatic carbodiimide compound, for example, an aromatic carbodiimide compound, the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention cannot be obtained. This is presumably because the carbodiimide group of the aromatic carbodiimide compound is less reactive with the functional group of the PAS (A) than the carbodiimide group of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound.
- the aliphatic carbodiimide compound is represented by the general formula —N ⁇ C ⁇ N—R 3 — (wherein R 3 is a divalent organic group of an alicyclic compound such as cyclohexylene, or methylene, ethylene, propylene, methylethylene.
- R 3 is a divalent organic group of an alicyclic compound such as cyclohexylene, or methylene, ethylene, propylene, methylethylene.
- the method for synthesizing the aliphatic carbodiimide compound is not particularly limited.
- the organic polyisocyanate is reacted in the presence of a catalyst that promotes the carbodiimidization reaction of the isocyanate group (hereinafter also referred to as “carbodiimidization catalyst”).
- a catalyst that promotes the carbodiimidization reaction of the isocyanate group hereinafter also referred to as “carbodiimidization catalyst”.
- organic polyisocyanate used for the synthesis of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound an organic diisocyanate is preferable.
- organic diisocyanates include cyclobutylene-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclopentylene-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexylene-1,3-diisocyanate, and cyclohexylene-1.
- organic polyisocyanate used together with organic diisocyanate in some cases, for example, cyclohexane-1,3,5-triisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3,5-tris (methyl isocyanate), 3,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-tris (methyl isocyanate), 1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-tris (methyl isocyanate), dicyclohexylmethane-2,4,2 Trifunctional or higher organic polyisocyanates such as' -triisocyanate and dicyclohexylmethane-2,4,4'-triisocyanate, and the stoichiometric excess of these trifunctional or higher organic polyisocyanates and 2 Terminal isocyanates obtained by reaction with polyfunctional active hydrogen-containing compounds above functionality Or the like can be mentioned the polymer.
- the other organic polyisocyanates can be used singly or in combination of two or more, and the amount used is preferably 0 to 40 per 100 parts by mass of the organic diisocyanate. Parts by mass, more preferably 0 to 20 parts by mass.
- the molecular weight of the resulting aliphatic carbodiimide compound can be appropriately controlled by adding an organic monoisocyanate as necessary.
- organic monoisocyanates examples include alkyl monoisocyanates such as methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, n-propyl isocyanate, n-butyl isocyanate, lauryl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, Examples thereof include cycloalkyl monoisocyanates such as 4-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate and 2,5-dimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate.
- organic monoisocyanates can be used singly or in combination of two or more, and the amount used varies depending on the desired molecular weight of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound, The amount is preferably 0 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate component.
- Examples of the carbodiimidization catalyst include 1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-sulfide, -Phenyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-sulfide, 1-ethyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-ethyl-2-phospholene 1-sulfide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-sulfide, 1-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-methyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1 -Methyl-2-phospholene-1-sulfide, 1-methyl-3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-sulfide and their 3-phospholene derivatives Phospholene compounds such as pentacarbonyl iron, nonacarbonyl diiron, tetracarbonyl nickel, hexacarbonyl tungsten, hexacarbony
- the carbodiimidization catalyst can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.001 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organic polyisocyanate component.
- the temperature of the synthesis reaction of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound is appropriately selected according to the type of organic polyisocyanate, organic monoisocyanate, and carbodiimidization catalyst, but is usually 20 to 200 ° C.
- the organic polyisocyanate and the organic monoisocyanate component may be added in total before the reaction, or a part or all of them may be added continuously or stepwise during the reaction. Also good.
- a compound capable of reacting with an isocyanate group is added at an appropriate reaction stage from the early stage to the late stage of the synthesis reaction of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound to seal the terminal isocyanate group of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound.
- the molecular weight of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound can also be adjusted, and the molecular weight of the resulting aliphatic carbodiimide compound can be regulated to a predetermined value by adding in the latter stage of the synthesis reaction of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound.
- Examples of the compound capable of reacting with such an isocyanate group include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and cyclohexanol, and amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine and benzylamine.
- the mass average molecular weight of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound used in the present invention is preferably 500 to 10,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000. When the mass average molecular weight of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound is within this range, the improvement of mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, which are the effects of the present invention, and productivity and molding processability can be achieved at a high level.
- the mass average molecular weight of the aliphatic carbodiimide compound can be determined by an analysis method such as SEC (size exclusion chromatography).
- Carbon fiber (C) As the carbon fiber (C) in the present invention, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, rayon-based carbon fiber, or the like can be used, and two or more of these fibers can be mixed.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the tensile strength of the carbon fiber (C) is preferably 2,000 MPa or more, more preferably 3,000 MPa or more, and further preferably 4,000 MPa or more. Further, the carbon fiber (C) has a tensile modulus of preferably 200 GPa or more and 700 GPa or less. Further, the carbon fiber (C) has a tensile elongation of preferably 0.5% or more, more preferably 1.0% or more, still more preferably 1.8% or more, and particularly preferably. 2.0% or more.
- the use of carbon fiber (C) having a high elongation is particularly preferable because improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention can be achieved at a high level. From the viewpoint of such a balance of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile elongation, PAN-based carbon fibers are preferably used as the carbon fibers (C).
- the carbon fiber (C) has a surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) which is a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen (O) and carbon (C) on the fiber surface measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is 0. It is preferably from 0.05 to 0.50, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.40, still more preferably from 0.10 to 0.30.
- the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) of the carbon fiber (C) is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First, carbon fibers (C) from which the sizing agent (D) and the like have been removed with a solvent are cut and spread and arranged on a copper sample support, and then the photoemission angle is 90 °, and MgK ⁇ 1, 2 is used to keep the sample chamber at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr. As a correction of the peak accompanying charging during measurement, the kinetic energy value (KE) of the main peak of C1S is adjusted to 969 eV. The C1S peak area is the K.S. E.
- the O1S peak area E Is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 958 to 972 eV.
- the O1S peak area E Is obtained by drawing a straight base line in the range of 714 to 726 eV.
- the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) is calculated as an atomic ratio from the ratio of the O1S peak area to the C1S peak area using a sensitivity correction value unique to the apparatus.
- the means for controlling the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) is not particularly limited.
- techniques such as electrolytic oxidation treatment, chemical oxidation treatment, and vapor phase oxidation treatment can be employed.
- An oxidation treatment is preferred.
- the average fiber diameter of the carbon fiber (C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and surface appearance of the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition. It is more preferable to be within the range.
- Carbon fiber (C) may be used as a carbon fiber bundle in which a plurality of single yarns are bundled from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the number of single yarns constituting the carbon fiber bundle is preferably 100 or more and 350,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 or more and 250,000 or less, and more preferably 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less from the viewpoint of handleability. Is more preferable.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention can be obtained with good economic efficiency.
- the sizing agent (D) in the present invention is a compound having three or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group and an epoxy group in one molecule. Two or more kinds of the functional groups may be mixed in one molecule, or two or more compounds having three or more one kind of functional groups in one molecule may be used in combination. When only a compound having less than 3 functional groups in one molecule is used, the reaction point between the surface functional group of the carbon fiber (C) and the carbodiimide compound (B) becomes insufficient, and the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the steel deteriorate.
- the number of functional groups possessed by the compound constituting the sizing agent (D) must be 3 or more in one molecule. Since functional groups other than the above functional groups, such as alkoxysilanes, have poor reactivity with the carbon fiber surface, a silane coupling agent having one alkoxysilane and one epoxy group per molecule was used as the sizing agent (D). In this case, the fiber-reinforced resin composition excellent in mechanical properties, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be obtained.
- the compound constituting it is preferably an aliphatic compound.
- the aliphatic compound here is an acyclic linear saturated hydrocarbon, a branched saturated hydrocarbon, an acyclic linear unsaturated hydrocarbon, a branched unsaturated hydrocarbon, or these hydrocarbons.
- the affinity with the aliphatic carbodiimide compound used as the carbodiimide compound (B) is increased, so that a fiber-reinforced resin composition having excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the compound constituting the sizing agent (D) include a polyfunctional epoxy resin, an acrylic acid polymer, a polyhydric alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and the like, and in particular, a surface functional group of the carbon fiber (C) and a carbodiimide compound (Polyfunctional epoxy resins having high reactivity with both of B) are preferred.
- polyfunctional epoxy resins examples include tri- or higher functional aliphatic epoxy resins and phenol novolac type epoxy resins. Among these, a tri- or higher functional aliphatic epoxy resin is preferable from the viewpoint of affinity with a fatty carbodiimide compound.
- the trifunctional or higher aliphatic epoxy resin means an aliphatic epoxy resin having three or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- tri- or higher functional aliphatic epoxy resin examples include, for example, glycerol triglycidyl ether, diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, arabitol polyglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether.
- polyglycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether.
- glycerol triglycidyl ether and diglycerol poly are included because they contain many highly reactive epoxy groups in one molecule, have high water solubility, and can be easily applied to carbon fibers (C).
- Glycidyl ether and polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether are preferably used in the present invention.
- the acrylic acid polymer in the present invention is a polymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid, and is a general term for polymers containing three or more carboxyl groups in one molecule. Specific examples include polyacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, or a mixture of two or more of these. Furthermore, the acrylic acid polymer may be one obtained by partially neutralizing a carboxyl group with an alkali (that is, a carboxylate salt) as long as the number of functional groups is 3 or more in one molecule. good.
- an alkali that is, a carboxylate salt
- alkali examples include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.
- acrylic acid-based polymer polyacrylic acid containing more carboxyl groups in one molecule is preferably used.
- polyhydric alcohol in the present invention examples include polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, sorbitol, arabitol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and the like.
- polyvinyl alcohol containing more hydroxyl groups in one molecule is preferably used.
- the polyethyleneimine in the present invention is a polyamine having a branched structure with primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ethyleneimine.
- polyethyleneimine polyethyleneimine containing more amino groups in one molecule is preferably used.
- the compound constituting the sizing agent (D) has a value obtained by dividing the mass average molecular weight by the number of the functional groups in one molecule (total number of carboxyl group, amino group, hydroxyl group and epoxy group) of 40 to 150. Is preferred. By setting it as such a range, the compound which comprises a sizing agent (D) can make the density of the reaction point with the carbodiimide group of the surface functional group of carbon fiber (C) and a carbodiimide compound (B) more uniform. Further, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition can be further enhanced.
- the sizing agent (D) is preferably present at the interface between the matrix resin containing PAS (A) and the carbodiimide compound (B) and the carbon fiber (C). For this reason, the sizing agent (D) is applied to the surface of the single yarn of the carbon fiber (C). By pre-applying the sizing agent (D) to the carbon fiber (C), the surface of the carbon fiber (C) can be effectively modified even with a small amount of adhesion.
- the sizing agent (D) In the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention, the sizing agent (D) must be contained in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbon fiber (C), and 0.1 to 2 parts by mass. It is preferable to contain. When the content of the sizing agent (D) is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the sizing agent (D) may not be able to sufficiently coat the surface of the carbon fiber (C). The effect of improving mechanical properties such as elongation is less likely to appear.
- a preferable range of the thickness of the film formed on the surface of the carbon fiber (C) by the sizing agent (D) is 10 to 150 nm.
- the sizing agent (D) As a means for imparting the sizing agent (D) to the carbon fiber (C), for example, a method of immersing the carbon fiber (C) in the sizing agent (D) via a roller, the sizing agent (D) is atomized and carbonized. The method of spraying on a fiber (C) etc. are mentioned. At this time, the sizing agent (D) is diluted with a solvent or the temperature at which the sizing agent (D) is applied or the yarn tension is controlled so that the amount of the sizing agent (D) attached to the carbon fiber (C) becomes more uniform. It is preferable.
- Examples of the solvent for diluting the sizing agent (D) include water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and acetone. Water is preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling and disaster prevention. Such a solvent is removed by evaporation by heating after applying the sizing agent (D) to the carbon fiber (C). Moreover, when using a compound insoluble or hardly soluble in water as the sizing agent (D), it is preferable to add an emulsifier or a surfactant and disperse in water. As the emulsifier or surfactant, an anionic emulsifier, a cationic emulsifier, a nonionic emulsifier, or the like can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a nonionic emulsifier having a small interaction because it is difficult to inhibit the effect of the sizing agent (D).
- the carbodiimide compound (B) needs to be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PAS (A), and contains 0.1 to 5 parts by mass. It is preferable. If the content of the carbodiimide compound (B) is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the amount of the carbodiimide compound (B) is not sufficient, and the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition is obtained. It does not appear.
- the content of the carbodiimide compound (B) exceeds 10 parts by mass, the amount of the carbodiimide compound (B) is too much, so that mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition are deteriorated. To do.
- the carbon fiber (C) needs to be contained in an amount of 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the PAS (A), and is contained in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by mass.
- the content is preferably 20 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by mass.
- the carbon fiber (C) content is less than 10 parts by mass, the amount of carbon fiber (C) is not sufficient, and the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition does not appear. .
- the carbon fiber (C) content exceeds 300 parts by mass, it will be difficult to complex the carbon fiber (C) with a matrix resin containing PAS (A) and a carbodiimide compound (B). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the resulting fiber reinforced resin composition are lowered.
- the carbodiimide compound (B) forms a matrix resin with PAS (A), and the sizing agent (D) is used for the surface treatment of the carbon fiber (C).
- the carbodiimide compound (B) is an aliphatic carbodiimide compound
- the sizing agent (D) is three at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group and an epoxy group in one molecule.
- the carbodiimide compound (B) may be finally dispersed or compatible in the PAS (A). More preferably, the carbodiimide compound (B) is a sizing agent ( It is preferable to take a morphology in which a certain amount or more is aggregated on the surface of the carbon fiber (C) surface-treated in D). As an index for analyzing such morphology, a sulfur concentration ratio measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) using the difference in sulfur element content between PAS (A) and carbodiimide compound (B). A method using S / C can be exemplified.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example in which the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention is observed in a cross section perpendicular to the axial center direction of a single fiber of carbon fiber (C).
- the region 2 where the sulfur element concentration is low on the outer periphery of the cross section 3 of the carbon fiber (C) is a region where the ratio of the carbodiimide compound (B) in the matrix resin 1 containing the PAS (A) and the carbodiimide compound (B) is high. It is comprised from the sizing agent (D) which covered the surface of (C).
- It is the sulfur concentration ratio S / C of the region (T2) excluding the component (C) and the region (T1) from the inside).
- the ⁇ S is an index of the interface state.
- the lower limit of ⁇ S is 10%, more preferably 20%, and even more preferably 30%.
- ⁇ S is less than the lower limit, the carbodiimide compound (B) is insufficiently aggregated into the carbon fiber (C), and does not contribute to improvement of mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition.
- the upper limit of ⁇ S is 70%, more preferably 60%, and even more preferably 50%. When ⁇ S is larger than the above upper limit, the carbodiimide compound (B) is too much aggregated to the carbon fiber (C), so that mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition may be lowered. .
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an example in which the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention is observed in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the single yarn of the carbon fiber (C).
- the region (T1) 5 exists concentrically outside the cross section 4 of the carbon fiber (C), and the region (T2) 6 exists concentrically outside the region (T1) 5.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an example in which the cross section perpendicular to the axial center direction of the single fiber of the carbon fiber (C) is enlarged and observed near the outer periphery of the carbon fiber (C) in the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention. It is a thing.
- the sulfur concentration ratio S / C measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in the region (T2) is preferably 0.05 to 0.45, preferably 0.1 To 0.4 is more preferable, and 0.1 to 0.2 is more preferable.
- S / C of the region (T2) is within this range, the high elastic modulus of PAS (A) can be efficiently exhibited, and the resulting fiber-reinforced resin composition is more excellent in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation. It will be a thing.
- the abundance ratio Rb of the carbodiimide compound (B) represented by the formula (1) is preferably 1.2 or more, and the carbon fiber (C ) And the carbodiimide compound (B), the abundance ratio Rb is more preferably 1.5 or more.
- Rb R ( ⁇ 500 nm) / R (> 500 nm) Formula (1)
- the abundance ratio Rb is less than 1.2, the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fiber (C) and the carbodiimide compound (B) is deteriorated, and the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite material, particularly the tensile strength affecting the interfacial adhesion is deteriorated. There is.
- the abundance ratio Rb is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, 3.5 More preferably, it is as follows.
- the abundance ratio Rb is determined by, for example, detecting the number of carbon atoms and the number of sulfur atoms in a predetermined range by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dividing the obtained number of carbon atoms by the number of sulfur atoms.
- the carbon concentration ratio C / S in the range is set, and this value is set to R ( ⁇ 500 nm) (for example, C / S in the region (T1)) and R (> 500 nm) in the vicinity of the carbon fiber (C) ( For example, it can be calculated by measuring C / S) in the region (T2) and substituting it into equation (1).
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention comprising PAS (A), a carbodiimide compound (B), a carbon fiber (C), and a sizing agent (D) is a carbon fiber surface-treated with a sizing agent (D) ( C) is present in a matrix resin containing PAS (A) and a carbodiimide compound (B).
- the carbon fibers (C) may be randomly dispersed in the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition, or may be oriented in one direction or multiple directions.
- the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition has an advantage of better molding processability, and the carbon fibers (C) are oriented in one direction or multiple directions. In this case, the obtained fiber reinforced resin composition has an advantage that the mechanical properties are more excellent.
- the carbon fiber (C) in the fiber reinforced resin composition has a number average fiber length of 0.01 to 5 mm.
- 0.01 to 3 mm is more preferable, and 0.05 to 1 mm is more preferable.
- the fluidity is improved and the molding processability is further improved.
- the longer the fiber length the better the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation of the fiber reinforced resin composition obtained.
- the carbon fibers (C) in the fiber reinforced resin composition are oriented in one direction or multiple directions, the longer the fiber length of the carbon fibers (C), the better the mechanical properties.
- the fiber length of carbon fiber (C) As an upper limit of the fiber length of carbon fiber (C), the length substantially the same as a fiber reinforced resin composition can be illustrated.
- substantially the same length means that carbon fibers (C) that are significantly shorter than the total length of the fiber-reinforced resin composition are not substantially contained. Specifically, when the content of the carbon fiber (C) having a length of 50% or less of the total length of the fiber reinforced resin composition is 30% by mass or less with respect to the entire carbon fiber (C), the fiber It is assumed that carbon fiber (C) significantly shorter than the total length of the reinforced resin composition is substantially not contained. Furthermore, the content of the carbon fiber (C) having a length of 50% or less of the total length of the fiber reinforced resin composition is preferably 20% by mass or less. In addition, the full length of a fiber reinforced resin composition is the length of the orientation direction of the carbon fiber (C) in a fiber reinforced resin composition.
- a method of melt kneading using an extruder can be exemplified.
- the extruder include a single screw extruder and a twin screw extruder, and among them, a twin screw extruder excellent in kneadability can be preferably used.
- the twin screw extruder include those having a ratio L / D of the screw length L to the screw diameter D of 20 to 100.
- the screw of the twin screw extruder is composed of a combination of screw segments with different length and shape characteristics, such as full flight and kneading disc. However, one or more screws are used for improving kneadability and reactivity.
- the cylinder temperature during melt-kneading is preferably 250 to 400 ° C., more preferably 280 to 350 ° C., and further preferably 280 to 310 ° C. from the viewpoint of improving kneadability and reactivity.
- a resin composition obtained by melt-kneading PAS (A) and a carbodiimide compound (B) in advance is used as a sizing agent (D).
- the method of making it composite with the carbon fiber base material using the surface-treated carbon fiber (C) is mentioned.
- Examples of the shape of the carbon fiber base material include a unidirectional array base material in which continuous carbon fibers are arranged in one direction to form a sheet, a woven fabric (cross), a non-woven fabric, a mat, a knitted fabric, a braid, a yarn, a toe, and the like. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the composite form include impregnation, coating, and lamination.
- the resin composition is used. What the carbon fiber base material was impregnated is preferable.
- Such a fiber reinforced resin composition can be molded into a molded product by press molding, stamping molding, autoclave molding, filament winding molding, transfer molding, or injection molding. Among these, press molding and stamping molding are preferably used from the balance between the productivity of the molded product and the mechanical properties.
- the present inventors have found that the abundance of the adhesive compound in a specific region in the fiber reinforced composite material It has been clarified that the mechanical properties are affected, and the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has been reached.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention contains reinforcing fibers (C ′), an adhesive compound (B ′), and a thermoplastic resin (A ′) as components. First, each component will be described.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) used in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention for example, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, boron fiber, metal fiber, natural fiber, mineral fiber, etc. are used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- PAN-based, pitch-based and rayon-based carbon fibers are preferably used from the viewpoints of high specific strength and specific rigidity and a light weight reduction effect.
- glass fibers can be preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the economical efficiency of the obtained molded product, and in particular, it is preferable to use carbon fibers and glass fibers in combination from the balance of mechanical properties and economy.
- aramid fibers can be preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the impact absorbability and formability of the obtained molded article, and it is particularly preferable to use carbon fibers and aramid fibers in combination from the balance of mechanical properties and impact absorbability.
- reinforcing fibers coated with a metal such as nickel, copper, or ytterbium can be used from the viewpoint of increasing the conductivity of the obtained molded product.
- the carbon fiber has a surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) which is a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen (O) and carbon (C) on the fiber surface measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is 0.05. It is preferably from 0.50 to 0.50, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.40, still more preferably from 0.10 to 0.30.
- the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) of the carbon fiber can be measured in the same manner as the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) of the carbon fiber (C) described above.
- the means for controlling the surface oxygen concentration ratio (O / C) is not particularly limited.
- techniques such as electrolytic oxidation treatment, chemical oxidation treatment, and vapor phase oxidation treatment can be employed.
- An oxidation treatment is preferred.
- the average fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and surface appearance of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material. It is more preferable to be within the range.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) may be used as a reinforcing fiber bundle in which a plurality of single yarns are bundled from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the number of single yarns constituting the reinforcing fiber bundle is preferably 100 or more and 350,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 or more and 250,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or more, 100 from the viewpoint of handleability. More preferably, no more than 1,000.
- the number average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers (C ′) is preferably 0.1 mm to 50 mm. From the viewpoint of moldability of the fiber reinforced composite material, it is more preferably 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
- a method for measuring the number average fiber length for example, a method in which the resin component contained in the fiber reinforced composite material is removed by a dissolution method or a burn-off method, and the remaining reinforcing fibers are separated by filtration and then measured by microscopic observation.
- a method in which a fiber reinforced composite material is stretched thinly by a melting method and measured by observing the reinforced fiber is a method in which a fiber reinforced composite material is stretched thinly by a melting method and measured by observing the reinforced fiber.
- the number average fiber length is calculated by the following method: The method of extracting the reinforcing fibers from the fiber reinforced composite material by the burning method or the melting method, and the method of thinly stretching the molded product by the melting method and observing the reinforcing fibers through transmission, There is no particular difference in the results obtained.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and an epoxy group. It is preferable that a compound having two or more groups in one molecule (hereinafter abbreviated as compound (E)) is attached. Two or more kinds of the functional groups may be mixed in one molecule, or two or more compounds having two or more one kind of functional groups in one molecule may be used in combination.
- the compound (E) is preferably an aliphatic compound.
- the aliphatic compound as the compound (E) because the affinity with the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) is increased, and a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the compound (E) include a polyfunctional epoxy resin, an acrylic acid polymer, a polyhydric alcohol, and polyethyleneimine. Particularly, the surface functional group of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′). Polyfunctional epoxy resins having high reactivity with both of these are preferred.
- polyfunctional epoxy resin acrylic polymer, polyhydric alcohol, and polyethyleneimine are the same as those described as specific examples of the compound constituting the sizing agent (D).
- the compound (E) preferably has a value obtained by dividing the mass average molecular weight by the number of functional groups in one molecule (total number of carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group and epoxy group) of 40 to 150. By setting it as such a range, the density of the reaction points with the surface functional group of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the functional group of the adhesive compound (B ′) can be made more uniform, and the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material Mechanical properties such as tensile strength can be further enhanced.
- the compound (E) when the compound (E) is used, its content is 0 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforced fiber (C ′) in order to efficiently improve the strength of the fiber reinforced composite material.
- the content is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass.
- Examples of the method of attaching the compound (E) to the reinforcing fiber (C ′) include a method of attaching as a sizing agent of the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- a method of adhering as a sizing agent of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) in the description of the means for applying the sizing agent (D) to the carbon fiber (C), the sizing agent (D) is added to the compound (E).
- the carbon fiber (C) can be exemplified by the reinforced fiber (C ′).
- the adhesive compound (B ′) used in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is a compound having two or more at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a carbodiimide structure, a urea structure and a urethane structure in one molecule.
- polycarbodiimide is preferably used from the viewpoint of interfacial adhesion with reinforcing fibers.
- polycarbodiimide examples include aliphatic polycarbodiimide and aromatic polycarbodiimide, and aliphatic polycarbodiimide is preferably used from the viewpoint of reactivity with the thermoplastic resin.
- aliphatic polycarbodiimide those described as the aliphatic carbodiimide compound constituting the carbodiimide compound (B) can be used.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) having a urea structure a compound obtained by reacting diisocyanate with a diamine containing a compound containing a plurality of amino groups (for example, hydrazine, dihydrazide, etc.) can be used.
- polyurea which is an adhesive compound (B ′) having a plurality of urea structures, can be synthesized by reacting isocyanate with water to form unstable carbamic acid. Carbamic acid decomposes to generate carbon dioxide and immediately reacts with excess isocyanate to form amino groups that form urea bridges.
- it can also be obtained by treating a compound having a carbodiimide structure with water and reacting carbodiimide to urea.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) having a urethane structure those obtained by reacting bischloroformate with diamine can be used.
- polyurethane an adhesive compound (B ′) having a plurality of urethane structures, is synthesized by reacting diisocyanate with a diol such as macroglycol, a polyol, or a combination of macroglycol and a single chain glycol extender. obtain.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) has a mass average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 10,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000.
- the mass average molecular weight of the adhesive compound (B ′) is within this range, the adhesive compound (B ′) is relatively easy to flow at the time of heating and melting such as molding, and diffuses to such an extent that the adhesive compound (B ′) flows too much to impair adhesion. Therefore, it is presumed that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, which is the effect of the present invention, can be achieved at a high level because it is likely to be localized around the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the mass average molecular weight of the adhesive compound (B ′) can be determined by an analytical method such as SEC (size exclusion chromatography).
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) used in the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a main chain from the viewpoint of increasing the polarity and increasing the affinity with the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′). It is necessary to include an element other than carbon in the repeating unit structure, and more specifically, from the viewpoint of interfacial adhesion with the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and moldability of the fiber-reinforced composite material, more specifically, polycarbonate, polyester, poly It is preferably at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of arylene sulfide, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polyetherimide, polyetherketone and polyetheretherketone.
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group and an amino group from the viewpoint of adhesiveness with the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′). It is preferred to have at least one group in the molecule.
- the thermoplastic resin (A ′) has a mass average molecular weight of preferably 10,000 to 80,000, more preferably 10,000 to 60,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 40,000. It is. A thermoplastic resin (A ′) having a smaller mass average molecular weight is preferable because the melt viscosity is low and the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material is excellent in moldability.
- the thermoplastic resin (A ′) having a smaller mass average molecular weight tends to improve the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the obtained fiber reinforced composite material. This is because the functional group of the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is chemically reacted with the functional group of the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) having a smaller mass average molecular weight is present at the end. It is presumed that this is because the functional groups are relatively increased and the reaction point with the adhesive compound (B ′) is increased. This effect is particularly remarkable when PAS having low adhesion to the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is used as the thermoplastic resin (A ′).
- the mass average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is in the range of 10,000 to 40,000. It is particularly preferable because it can be achieved at a high level and can be compatible with molding processability.
- the mass average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A ′) can be measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is calculated as a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin (A ′). More preferably 5 parts by mass is contained.
- the amount is sufficient to increase the affinity between the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′), and the thermoplastic resin.
- An appropriate amount is added to (A ′), and the influence on the cost is also slight. This is preferable because the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material can be improved efficiently.
- the content of the adhesive compound (B ′) is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the amount of the adhesive compound (B ′) is not sufficient, and the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength of the resulting fiber reinforced composite material May be small. Further, if the content of the adhesive compound (B ′) exceeds 10 parts by mass, the adhesive compound (B ′) is too much, so that the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the resulting fiber reinforced composite material is improved. May be small.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin (A ′). More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 20 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by mass.
- the content of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is less than 10 parts by mass, the amount of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is not sufficient, and the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material may be small.
- the content of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) exceeds 300 parts by mass, the difficulty level of making the reinforcing fiber (C ′) complex with the matrix resin containing the thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′). In some cases, the effect of improving the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material is small.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) represented by the formula (1 ′) needs to be 1.2 or more, and the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound From the viewpoint of (B ′) interfacial adhesion, the abundance ratio Rb ′ is preferably 1.5 or more.
- Rb ′ R ′ ( ⁇ 500 nm) / R ′ (> 500 nm) (1 ′)
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ is less than 1.2, the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) deteriorates, and the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material, particularly the tensile strength affecting the interfacial adhesion. Becomes worse.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 5 or less. 3.5 or less is more preferable.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ can be determined by using, for example, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), etc. Measure R '( ⁇ 500nm) and R' (> 500nm) in the vicinity of reinforcing fiber (C ') for characteristic elements (nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, etc.), molecules, and bonding states contained in the functional compound (B') Then, it can be calculated by taking the ratio. Also, the abundance at each location can be known by mapping the abundance ratio.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- FIG. 4 schematically shows an example in which the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is observed in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the single yarn of the included reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- Region (region 13 within 500 nm around reinforcing fiber (C ′) in FIG. 4) where the amount of the adhesive compound (B ′) is large on the outer periphery of the cross section of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) (reinforcing fiber single yarn 12 in FIG. 4) ) Is composed of a region in which the ratio of the adhesive compound (B ′) is large in the matrix resin containing the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′).
- the region where the abundance of the adhesive compound (B ′) is small is the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′).
- the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is composed of a large area.
- 500 nm around the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is a length obtained by drawing a straight line from the tangent line of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) (length 15 from the reinforcing fiber (C ′) in FIG. 4) is 500 nm. Indicates that there is.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the same extruder as described in the specific example for obtaining the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention is used under the same melt-kneading conditions.
- the reaction between the functional groups of the respective components proceeds in the cylinder of the twin screw extruder, and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the resulting fiber reinforced composite material are improved.
- a reinforced fiber (C ′), an adhesive compound (B ′), and a thermoplastic resin (A ′) are melt-kneaded.
- the method of doing is mentioned.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) are melt-kneaded, the thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are melt-kneaded. Then, it is preferable to select a method of compounding with the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) is melt-kneaded and then into the thermoplastic resin (A ′) as compared with the method of combining the adhesive compound (B ′) and the reinforcing fiber (C ′). It becomes easy to control the diffusion of the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the reinforcing fiber (C ′) are melt-kneaded, and then the adhesive compound (B ′) is combined. Compared with the method, it is easier to control the aggregation of the adhesive compound (B ′) on the surface of the reinforcing fiber (C ′), and a fiber-reinforced composite material with a controlled abundance ratio Rb ′ can be manufactured with high productivity.
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are melt-kneaded, the thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are melt-kneaded,
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are melt-kneaded.
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are main-fed to the extruder and the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is side-fed. It can be illustrated.
- a method of carrying out the introduction of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) as early as possible can be exemplified.
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) approach each other by reaction or interaction, and the adhesive compound (B ′) becomes the reinforcing fiber (C
- the interface strength between the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) can be increased and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength can be improved by localizing to the periphery of ') around 500 nm or less. This is preferable because it is possible.
- examples of the side feed position to the extruder include a range of 20 to 70% of the distance from the main feed position to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder, and a range of 20 to 50% is more preferable.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) becomes difficult to flow during melting, and the diffusion of the fiber-reinforced composite material in the matrix resin is controlled, and the reinforcing fiber (C ′) It is also possible to localize the adhesive compound (B ′) around the periphery of the substrate.
- a melt-kneaded product in which reinforcing fibers (C ′) are randomly dispersed is obtained, and the melt-kneaded product is used as pellets for use in injection molding.
- a molded product having a complicated shape can be manufactured with high productivity.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) it is difficult for the adhesive compound (B ′) to flow at the time of melting, and the diffusion of the fiber-reinforced composite material in the matrix resin is controlled. It is also possible to localize the adhesive compound (B ′) around C ′).
- a resin composition obtained by previously melt-kneading the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) is reinforced.
- the method of making it composite with the fiber base material using a fiber (C ') is mentioned.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) are mixed in advance, when the resin composition is combined with the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′) Is in a state of being simply kneaded without reacting with the thermoplastic resin (A ′).
- the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are brought close to each other by reaction or interaction, and the adhesive compound (B ′) is localized around 500 nm or less around the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the interface strength between the reinforcing fiber (C ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) can be increased, and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength can be improved.
- Examples of the shape of the fiber base material include a unidirectional array base material in which continuous reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction to form a sheet, a woven fabric (cross), a non-woven fabric, a mat, a knitted fabric, a braid, a yarn, and a tow. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the composite form include impregnation, coating, and lamination. However, in order to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material with less voids and excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, the resin composition is used as the composite composition. What impregnated the fiber base material is preferable.
- Such a fiber-reinforced composite material can be molded by press molding, stamping molding, autoclave molding, filament winding molding, or transfer molding, and can be molded by injection molding if it is a fine base material.
- press molding, stamping molding, and injection molding are preferably used from the balance between the productivity of the molded product and the mechanical properties.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention contain an impact resistance improver such as an elastomer or a rubber component, and other fillers and additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be.
- additives include flame retardants, conductivity imparting agents, crystal nucleating agents, UV absorbers, antioxidants, vibration damping agents, antibacterial agents, insect repellents, deodorants, anti-coloring agents, thermal stabilizers, mold release agents Agents, antistatic agents, plasticizers, lubricants, colorants, pigments, dyes, foaming agents, or antifoaming agents.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention are suitable as an electronic device casing, and are suitably used for computers, televisions, cameras, audio players, and the like.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention are suitable for electrical and electronic component applications, and include connectors, LED lamps, sockets, optical pickups, terminal boards, printed boards, speakers, small motors, and magnetic heads. , Power modules, generators, electric motors, transformers, current transformers, voltage regulators, rectifiers, inverters, etc.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention are suitable for automobile parts, vehicle-related parts, and the like.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention are suitable as a building material, and include civil engineering building walls, roofs, ceiling material related parts, window material related parts, heat insulating material related parts, flooring related materials. It is suitably used for parts, seismic isolation members, lifeline parts, etc.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention are suitable as sports equipment, such as golf club shafts, golf-related equipment such as golf balls, sports racquet-related equipment such as tennis rackets and badminton rackets, American football, baseball, softball and other masks, helmets, chest pads, elbow pads, knee pads, and other sports equipment, fishing rods, reels, lures, and other sports equipment, skis, snowboards, and other winter sports-related items Is preferably used.
- sports equipment such as golf club shafts, golf-related equipment such as golf balls, sports racquet-related equipment such as tennis rackets and badminton rackets, American football, baseball, softball and other masks, helmets, chest pads, elbow pads, knee pads, and other sports equipment, fishing rods, reels, lures, and other sports equipment, skis, snowboards, and other winter sports-related items Is preferably used.
- Li: measured fiber length (i 1, 2, 3,..., N)
- Wi: Mass fraction of fiber having fiber length Li (i 1, 2, 3,..., N)
- the sulfur concentration ratio S / C in the present invention was determined according to the following procedure using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FIB focused ion beam
- an observation specimen was prepared from the fiber reinforced resin composition by the FIB microsampling method.
- the number of carbon atoms and the number of sulfur atoms in a predetermined range are detected by the following apparatus and measurement conditions, and the obtained sulfur atom number is divided by the number of carbon fiber atoms, whereby the sulfur concentration ratio S / C in that range is determined.
- S1 was an average value of values obtained by measuring 100 arbitrary 300 nm ⁇ 300 nm ranges in the region (T1).
- S2 is an average value of values obtained by measuring 100 arbitrary ranges of 300 nm ⁇ 300 nm in the region (T2).
- Apparatus Atomic resolution analytical electron microscope (STEM); JEM-ARM200F (manufactured by JEOL) Energy dispersive X-ray analyzer; JED-2300 (manufactured by JEOL) Measurement conditions: accelerating voltage; 200 kV beam spot size; 0.2 nm ⁇
- R ( ⁇ 500 nm) C ( ⁇ 500) / S ( ⁇ 500): Abundance of carbodiimide compound (B) within 500 nm around carbon fiber (C)
- R (> 500 nm) C (> 500) / S (> 500): abundance of the carbodiimide compound (B) outside the periphery of the carbon fiber (C) 500 nm
- Rb R ( ⁇ 500 nm) / R (> 500 nm)
- Apparatus Atomic resolution analytical electron microscope (STEM); JEM-ARM200F (manufactured by JEOL) Energy dispersive X-ray analyzer; JED-2300 (manufactured by JEOL) Measurement conditions: accelerating voltage; 200 kV beam spot size; 0.2 nm ⁇
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) is polycarbonate
- O oxygen atom
- S sulfur atom
- PAS (A) used in any of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 19 is as follows.
- PPS-1 Melting point 285 ° C., mass average molecular weight 30,000, acid-terminated product, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS-2) melting point 285 ° C., chloroform-extracted 0.5% by mass, mass-average molecular weight 45,000, acid-terminated product
- PPS-3 Polyethylene sulfide
- the carbodiimide compounds (B) used in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 19 are as follows.
- (CDI-1) Aliphatic polycarbodiimide “Carbodilite (registered trademark) HMV-8CA (Nisshinbo Chemical Co., Ltd.)” (carbodiimide group equivalent 278, mass average molecular weight 3,000)
- (CDI-2) aromatic polycarbodiimide ““ STABAXOL® ”P (manufactured by Rhein Chemie)” (mass average molecular weight 4,000)
- CDI-3 Aromatic polycarbodiimide "" STABAXOL (registered trademark) "P400 (manufactured by Rhein Chemie)” (mass average molecular weight 20,000)
- the carbon fibers (C) used in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 19 are as follows.
- a continuous carbon fiber strand having a total number of 12,000 single yarns was obtained by spinning, firing, and surface oxidation treatment using a copolymer containing (CF-1) polyacrylonitrile as a main component.
- the characteristics of this carbon fiber were as follows.
- the glass fibers used in either Comparative Example 7 or 12 are as follows.
- the properties of this glass fiber were as follows.
- the sizing agent (D) used in any of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 19 is as follows.
- the reinforcing fibers (C ′) used in any of Examples 11 to 21 and Comparative Examples 20 to 26 are as follows.
- (Reinforcing fiber-1) Using a copolymer containing polyacrylonitrile as a main component, spinning, baking treatment, and surface oxidation treatment were performed to obtain a continuous carbon fiber strand having a total number of 12,000 single yarns. .
- the characteristics of this carbon fiber were as follows.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) used in any of Examples 11 to 21 or Comparative Examples 20 to 26 is as follows.
- (Adhesive Compound-1) Aliphatic polycarbodiimide “Carbodilite (registered trademark)” MV-8CA (manufactured by Nisshinbo Chemical Co., Ltd.) ”(carbodiimide group equivalent 278, mass average molecular weight 3,000) (Adhesive Compound-2)
- Aromatic polycarbodiimide “STABAXOL (registered trademark)” P (manufactured by Rhein Chemie) ”(mass average molecular weight 4,000)
- (Adhesive Compound-3) Aromatic polycarbodiimide “STABAXOL (registered trademark)” P400 (manufactured by Rhein Chemie) ”(mass average molecular weight 20,000) (Adhesive compound-4)
- N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide manufactured by Wako Pure
- thermoplastic resins (A ′) used in Examples 11 to 21 and Comparative Examples 20 to 26 are as follows. (Thermoplastic resin-1) Melting point 285 ° C., mass average molecular weight 30,000, acid-terminated product, polyphenylene sulfide (thermoplastic resin-2) melting point 0.5 ° C.
- the compound (E) used as a sizing agent in any of Examples 11 to 21 and Comparative Examples 20 to 26 is as follows.
- E-2) Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH
- Example 1 Using the PAS (A), the carbodiimide compound (B), the carbon fiber (C), and the sizing agent (D) shown in Table 1, an injection molded product made of the fiber reinforced resin composition was obtained by the following procedure.
- the fiber bundle of carbon fiber (C) is continuously taken up, immersed in an aqueous sizing mother liquor containing 2% by mass of the sizing agent (D), and then heat-dried at 230 ° C., and surface treatment with the sizing agent (D) is performed. Carbon fiber (C) was obtained.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent (D) after drying was 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbon fiber (C).
- the carbon fiber (C) surface-treated with the sizing agent (D) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets.
- the injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C., and the maximum pressure during the injection molding was taken as the injection molding pressure.
- test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Except not including a carbodiimide compound (B), the test piece was produced by the same method as Example 1 and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 As a component of the carbodiimide compound (B), a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aromatic carbodiimide compound CDI-2 was used instead of the aliphatic carbodiimide CDI-1. It used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 As a component of the carbodiimide compound (B), a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aromatic carbodiimide compound CDI-3 was used instead of the aliphatic carbodiimide CDI-1. It used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the molded article comprising the fiber reinforced resin composition described in Example 1 uses an aliphatic carbodiimide compound as the carbodiimide compound (B), and therefore does not include the carbodiimide compound (B), and the fiber reinforced fiber according to Comparative Example 1.
- the tensile strength and tensile elongation are higher. It turns out that it improves greatly.
- Example 2 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon fiber (C) was changed to CF-2 instead of CF-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sizing agent (D) was changed to SZ-2 instead of SZ-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 Comparative Example 5 Except not including a sizing agent (D), the test piece was produced by the same method as Example 2, and it used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sizing agent (D) was changed to SZ-3 instead of SZ-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 Similar to Example 2 except that glass fiber GF-1 was used instead of carbon fiber CF-2 and sizing agent D was changed to SZ-3 instead of SZ-1. A test piece was prepared by the method described above and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 Except not including a carbodiimide compound (B), the test piece was produced by the same method as Example 2, and it used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 9 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the carbodiimide compound (B) was not included, and subjected to each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 10 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that the carbodiimide compound (B) was not included, and subjected to each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 11 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6 except that the carbodiimide compound (B) was not included, and subjected to each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 12 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7 except that the carbodiimide compound (B) was not included, and subjected to each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sizing agent (D) was changed to SZ-4 instead of SZ-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sizing agent (D) was changed to SZ-5 instead of SZ-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sizing agent (D) was changed to SZ-6 instead of SZ-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the molded product comprising the fiber reinforced resin composition described in Example 2 uses SZ-1 having three epoxy groups in one molecule as the sizing agent (D), the epoxy group is used as the sizing agent (D).
- the molded article which consists of a fiber reinforced resin composition as described in Example 2 uses the PAN type
- the carbodiimide compound (B) From the comparison of the molded article composed of the fiber reinforced resin composition described in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 7 and the molded article composed of the fiber reinforced resin composition described in Comparative Examples 8 to 12, the carbodiimide compound (B) It can be seen that the use of an aliphatic carbodiimide improves the tensile strength and tensile elongation of a molded article made of a fiber-reinforced resin composition.
- PAN-based carbon fibers are used as carbon fibers (C), and sizing agents ( It can be seen that the effect of improving the tensile strength and tensile elongation is high by using SZ-1 having three epoxy groups in one molecule in D).
- the sizing agent (D) contained a carboxyl group and an amino group.
- the tensile strength and tensile elongation of the molded article made of the fiber reinforced resin composition obtained are large. It turns out that it improves.
- Example 6 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PAS (A) was changed to PPS-2 instead of PPS-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PAS (A) was changed to PPS-3 instead of PPS-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 13 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the carbodiimide compound (B) was not included, and subjected to each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PAS (A) was changed to PPS-4 instead of PPS-1, and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- the amount of chloroform extracted from PAS (A) is 2% by mass or less. This shows that the tensile strength and the tensile elongation are improved.
- Example 9 The proportion of carbon fiber (C) is 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PAS (A) while the amount of sizing agent (D) attached is 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of carbon fiber (C).
- a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made as described above and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 10 The ratio of carbon fiber (C) is 45 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PAS (A) while the amount of sizing agent (D) is 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of carbon fiber (C).
- a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made as described above and used for each evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 18 A test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the proportion of the carbodiimide compound (B) was changed to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PAS (A). Molding could not be performed due to poor weighing of the machine.
- the composition ratio is shown in Table 4.
- Example 11 Using the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) shown in Table 5, a fiber-reinforced composite material was obtained by the following procedure.
- the fiber bundle of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is continuously taken out, immersed in an aqueous sizing mother liquor containing 2% by mass of the sizing agent (E-1), and then heated and dried at 230 ° C. to obtain a sizing agent (E ⁇ Reinforcing fibers (C ′) surface-treated in 1) were obtained.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent (E-1) after drying was 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the reinforced fiber (C ′) surface-treated with the sizing agent (E-1) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) were main fed, and the chopped strand was side fed. Each component was melt kneaded. Side feed was performed at a position that was 40% of the distance from the position where the main feed to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder. Melting and kneading is performed at a cylinder temperature of 290 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, and a discharge rate of 10 kg / hour. did.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets. Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C.
- the obtained test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) and the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material by a tensile test were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 12 Using the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) shown in Table 5, a fiber-reinforced composite material was obtained by the following procedure.
- the reinforced fiber (C ′) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) were main fed, and the chopped strand was side fed. Each component was melt kneaded. Side feed was performed at a position that was 40% of the distance from the position where the main feed to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder. Melting and kneading is performed at a cylinder temperature of 290 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, and a discharge rate of 10 kg / hour. did.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets. Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C.
- the obtained test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) and the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material by a tensile test were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 13 to 21 Test pieces for various evaluations were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) were changed as shown in Table 5. did. Using the prepared test piece, the number average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers (C ′) contained in the fiber reinforced composite material, the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber reinforced composite The tensile strength by the tensile test of the material was measured. The obtained results are summarized in Table 5.
- the fiber bundle of the reinforcing fibers (C ′) is continuously taken out, immersed in an aqueous sizing mother liquor containing 2% by mass of the sizing agent (E-5), and then heated and dried at 230 ° C. to obtain a sizing agent (E ⁇ Reinforcing fibers (C ′) surface-treated in 5) were obtained.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent (E-5) after drying was 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the reinforced fiber (C ′) surface-treated with the sizing agent (E-5) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) was main fed, and the chopped strands were side fed to melt and knead each component. .
- Side feed was performed at a position that was 40% of the distance from the position where the main feed to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder. Melting and kneading is performed at a cylinder temperature of 290 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, and a discharge rate of 10 kg / hour. did.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets. Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C.
- the obtained test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) and the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material by a tensile test were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Test pieces for various evaluations were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) were changed as shown in Table 6. did.
- the prepared test piece the number average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers (C ′) contained in the fiber reinforced composite material, the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber reinforced composite The tensile strength by the tensile test of the material was measured. The results obtained are shown in Table 6.
- a fiber bundle of reinforcing fibers (C ′) is continuously taken out, immersed in a sizing mother liquor containing 10% by mass of a sizing agent (E-4), and then heated and dried at 260 ° C. Reinforcing fibers (C ′) surface-treated in 4) were obtained.
- the attached amount of the sizing agent (E-4) after drying was 3.1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the reinforced fiber (C ′) surface-treated with the sizing agent (E-4) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- thermoplastic resin (A ′) was main fed, and the chopped strands were side fed to melt and knead each component. .
- Side feed was performed at a position that was 40% of the distance from the position where the main feed to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder. Melting and kneading is performed at a cylinder temperature of 290 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, and a discharge rate of 10 kg / hour. did.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets. Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C.
- the obtained test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) and the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material by a tensile test were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
- the fiber bundle of the reinforcing fiber (C ′) is continuously taken out, immersed in an aqueous sizing mother liquor containing 2% by mass of the sizing agent (E-1), and then heated and dried at 230 ° C. to obtain a sizing agent (E ⁇ Reinforcing fibers (C ′) surface-treated in 1) were obtained.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent (E-1) after drying was 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the reinforced fiber (C ′) surface-treated with the sizing agent (E-1) was cut into a length of 6 mm to obtain a chopped strand.
- the adhesive compound (B ′) and thermoplastic resin (A ′) shown in Table 6 were mixed with a Henschel mixer for 5 minutes, and this was put into a twin screw extruder having a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. The mixture was melted and kneaded by adjusting the screw rotation speed and discharge amount so that the resin temperature at the discharge port was 350 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder. Side feed was performed at a position that was 40% of the distance from the position where the main feed to the extruder to the discharge port of the extruder.
- test pieces for various evaluations were produced by injection molding of the pellets. Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 320 ° C. and a mold temperature of 150 ° C.
- the obtained test piece was annealed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, then air-cooled and subjected to each test.
- the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) and the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material by a tensile test were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Comparative Example 24 Test pieces for various evaluations were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 23 except that the reinforcing fiber (C ′), the adhesive compound (B ′), and the thermoplastic resin (A ′) were changed as shown in Table 6. did. Using the prepared test piece, the number average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers (C ′) contained in the fiber reinforced composite material, the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber reinforced composite The tensile strength by the tensile test of the material was measured. The results obtained are summarized in Table 6.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has an abundance ratio Rb ′ of 1 as the adhesive compound (B ′). .2 or higher, and by localizing the adhesive compound around the reinforcing fiber in the fiber reinforced composite material, the interfacial adhesion between the reinforced fiber and the matrix resin is increased, and the tensile strength of the resulting fiber reinforced composite material is excellent. .
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is further improved in that the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) is 1.2 or more, and further the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- Reinforced fiber by adhering a compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group and epoxy group as a sizing agent (compound (E)) in one molecule It can be seen that the interfacial adhesion between the resin and the matrix resin can be further increased, and the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material is excellent in tensile strength.
- E-1 was used as the compound (E), and the value obtained by dividing the mass average molecular weight by the number of the functional groups in one molecule (total number of carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group and epoxy group) was 40 to 150. It turns out that it is excellent in the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material obtained by being in the range.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention was further obtained by setting the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) to 1.2 or more and further adding the adhesive compound. It turns out that it is excellent in the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced composite material obtained by using aliphatic polycarbodiimide for (B ').
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention was further changed to a reinforcing fiber (C ′) after the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) was 1.2 or more.
- Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) was 1.2 or more.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is such that the abundance ratio Rb ′ of the adhesive compound (B ′) is 1.2 or more, and further the carbon fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber (C ′).
- the surface oxygen concentration ratio is within the range of 0.10 to 0.30, the tensile strength of the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material is excellent.
- Example 12 From the comparison between Example 12 and Comparative Examples 25 and 26, a melt-kneading method in which the thermoplastic resin (A ′) and the adhesive compound (B ′) are melt-kneaded and then combined with the reinforcing fibers (C ′) is selected.
- the fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention can dramatically improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation as compared with conventional products. Further, the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention is a fiber reinforced resin composition having both mechanical properties, productivity and molding processability as the lower molecular weight PAS is used as the matrix resin, and the mechanical properties are improved.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention can dramatically improve the mechanical properties such as tensile strength as compared with conventional products.
- the fiber reinforced resin composition of the present invention and the fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention are preferably used for electronic equipment casings, electrical and electronic component applications, automotive parts and vehicle-related parts, building materials, sports equipment, and the like. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
・前記した繊維強化樹脂組成物を用いた繊維強化複合材料であって、式(1)で示されるカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在比Rbが1.2以上である、繊維強化複合材料。
Rb=R(≦500nm)/R(>500nm)・・・式(1)
R(≦500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nm以内のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
R(>500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nmより外側のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
・熱可塑性樹脂(A’)、接着性化合物(B’)および強化繊維(C’)を含有し、かつ、前記接着性化合物(B’)がカルボジイミド構造、ウレア構造およびウレタン構造からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の構造を1分子内に2個以上有する化合物であり、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)が主鎖の繰返し単位構造中に炭素以外の元素を含む熱可塑性樹脂であり、式(1’)で示される接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’が1.2以上である、繊維強化複合材料。
Rb’=R’(≦500nm)/R’(>500nm)・・・式(1’)
R’(≦500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nm以内の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量
R’(>500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nmより外側の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量
本発明の繊維強化樹脂組成物におけるポリアリーレンスルフィド(A)(以下、ポリアリーレンスルフィドをPASと略することもある)は、式、-(Ar-S)-の繰り返し単位を主要構成単位とする、好ましくは当該繰り返し単位を80モル%以上、より好ましくは90モル%以上、さらに好ましくは95モル%以上含有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーである。Arとしては次の式(a)~式(k)などで表される単位などがあるが、なかでも式(a)で表される単位が特に好ましい。
本発明におけるカルボジイミド化合物(B)は、脂肪族カルボジイミド化合物である。カルボジイミド化合物(B)に脂肪族カルボジイミド化合物でないもの、例えば芳香族カルボジイミド化合物を用いた場合、本発明の繊維強化樹脂組成物を得ることはできない。これは脂肪族カルボジイミド化合物が有するカルボジイミド基よりも、芳香族カルボジイミド化合物が有するカルボジイミド基の方が、PAS(A)が有する官能基との反応性が低いためであると推測される。
本発明における炭素繊維(C)としては、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)系炭素繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、レーヨン系炭素繊維などが使用でき、これらの繊維を2種以上混在させることもできる。
本発明におけるサイジング剤(D)は、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基およびエポキシ基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を1分子中に3個以上有する化合物である。前記官能基は1分子中に2種類以上が混在しても良く、1種類の官能基を1分子中に3個以上有する化合物を2種類以上併用しても良い。前記官能基が1分子中に3個未満の化合物のみを用いた場合、炭素繊維(C)の表面官能基やカルボジイミド化合物(B)との反応点が不十分となり、得られる繊維強化樹脂組成物の引張強度や伸度といった力学特性が低下する。したがって、サイジング剤(D)を構成する化合物が有する官能基の数は、1分子中に3個以上あることが必須である。前記官能基以外の官能基、例えばアルコキシシランは炭素繊維表面との反応性が乏しいため、アルコキシシランとエポキシ基を1分子中に1個ずつ有するシランカップリング剤をサイジング剤(D)に用いた場合、本発明が目的とする、力学特性に優れる繊維強化樹脂組成物は得られない。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂組成物において、カルボジイミド化合物(B)は、PAS(A)100質量部に対して0.1~10質量部含有している必要があり、0.1~5質量部含有していることが好ましい。カルボジイミド化合物(B)の含有率が、0.1質量部未満では、カルボジイミド化合物(B)の量が十分でなく、得られる繊維強化樹脂組成物の引張強度や伸度といった力学特性の向上効果が現れない。また、カルボジイミド化合物(B)の含有率が、10質量部を越えると、反対にカルボジイミド化合物(B)が多すぎる為に、得られる繊維強化樹脂組成物の引張強度や伸度といった力学特性が低下する。
10(%) ≦ ΔS = (S2-S1)/S2 × 100 ≦ 70(%)
(ここで、ΔSは炭素繊維(C)の軸心方向に直交する断面で見た硫黄元素濃度の勾配であり、S1は前記成分(C)の断面円の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円の内側から前記成分(C)を除いた領域(T1)の硫黄濃度比S/Cであり、S2は前記領域(T1)の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円の内側から前記成分(C)と前記領域(T1)を除いた領域(T2)の硫黄濃度比S/Cである。)
Rb=R(≦500nm)/R(>500nm)・・・式(1)
R(≦500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nm以内のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
R(>500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nmより外側のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
Rb’=R’(≦500nm)/R’(>500nm)・・・式(1’)
R’(≦500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nm以内の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量
R’(>500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nmより外側の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量
本発明の繊維強化樹脂組成物および本発明の繊維強化複合材料には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、エラストマーあるいはゴム成分などの耐衝撃性向上剤、他の充填材や添加剤が含有されていても良い。添加剤の例としては、難燃剤、導電性付与剤、結晶核剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、制振剤、抗菌剤、防虫剤、防臭剤、着色防止剤、熱安定剤、離型剤、帯電防止剤、可塑剤、滑剤、着色剤、顔料、染料、発泡剤、あるいは制泡剤が挙げられる。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂組成物および本発明の繊維強化複合材料は、電子機器筐体として好適であり、コンピューター、テレビ、カメラ、オーディオプレイヤーなどに好適に使用される。
繊維強化樹脂組成物の一部を切り出し、300℃で加熱プレスし、30μm厚のフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムを光学顕微鏡にて150倍に拡大観察し、フィルム内で分散した繊維を観察した。その長さを1μm単位まで測定して、次式により数平均繊維長(Ln)および質量平均繊維長(Lw)を求めた。
数平均繊維長(Ln)=(ΣLi)/Ntotal
質量平均繊維長(Lw)=Σ(Li×Wi/100)
Li:測定した繊維長さ(i=1、2、3、・・・、n)
Wi:繊維長さLiの繊維の質量分率(i=1、2、3、・・・、n)
Ntotal:繊維長さを測定した総本数
JIS K7112のA法(水中置換法)に準拠し測定した。繊維強化樹脂組成物から約3g試験片を切り出し、浸漬液にはエタノールを用いて評価を行った。
ASTM D638に準拠し、Type-I試験片を用い、試験機として、“インストロン(登録商標)”万能試験機(インストロン社製)を用いた。本発明において、引張伸度とは、ひずみゲージを用いて測定した破断点ひずみのことを指す。
ASTM D256のB法に準拠し、厚さ1/8インチ(3.175mm)のノッチ付き試験片を用いて、シャルピー衝撃試験を行った。
本発明における硫黄濃度比S/Cは、エネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)を用いて、次の手順に従って求めた。まず、集束イオンビーム(FIB)装置を用いて、FIBマイクロサンプリング法により、繊維強化樹脂組成物から観察用試験片を作製した。次に下記の装置および測定条件によって所定の範囲の炭素原子数および硫黄原子数を検出し、得られた硫黄原子数を炭素繊維原子数で除することで、その範囲の硫黄濃度比S/Cとした。
S1は、領域(T1)内の任意の300nm×300nmの範囲を100箇所測定した値の平均値とした。
S2は、領域(T2)内の任意の300nm×300nmの範囲を100箇所測定した値の平均値とした。
装置:原子分解能分析電子顕微鏡(STEM); JEM-ARM200F(JEOL製)
エネルギー分散型X線分析装置 ; JED-2300(JEOL製)
測定条件:加速電圧; 200kV
beam spot size; 0.2nmφ
エネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)を用いて、R(≦500nm)とR(>500nm)の各領域についてC(炭素原子)/S(硫黄原子)の比を評価した。C/Sは、集束イオンビーム(FIB)装置を用いて、FIBマイクロサンプリング法により、繊維強化複合材料から観察用試験片を作製した。次に下記装置、条件によって所定の範囲の炭素原子数および硫黄原子数を検出し、得られた炭素原子数を硫黄原子数で除することで、その範囲の炭素濃度比C/Sとした。この方法によって、測定場所でPASのC/SよりもC(炭素原子)が多いか少ないかを判断することができ、PAS以外の化合物、すなわちカルボジイミド化合物(B)が多いか少ないかを知ることができることから、カルボジイミド化合物(B)の測定場所における存在量を間接的に知ることができることになり、各C/Sを式(1)に代入し繊維強化複合材料のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在比Rbを求めた。
R(≦500nm)=C(≦500)/S(≦500):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nm以内のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
R(>500nm)=C(>500)/S(>500):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nmより外側のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
Rb=R(≦500nm)/R(>500nm)・・・式(1)
装置:原子分解能分析電子顕微鏡(STEM); JEM-ARM200F(JEOL製)
エネルギー分散型X線分析装置 ; JED-2300(JEOL製)
測定条件:加速電圧; 200kV
beam spot size; 0.2nmφ
繊維強化複合材料の一部を切り出し、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)の融点+30℃の温度、軟化温度+150℃、ガラス転移温度+150℃のいずれかの条件(熱可塑性樹脂(A’)がポリフェニレンスルフィドであれば310℃、ポリカーボネートであれば300℃)で加熱プレスし、30μm厚のフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムを光学顕微鏡にて150倍に拡大観察し、フィルム内で分散した強化繊維を観察した。その長さを1μm単位まで測定して、次式により数平均繊維長(Ln)を求めた。
数平均繊維長(Ln)=(ΣLi)/Ntotal
Li:測定した繊維長さ(i=1、2、3、・・・、n)
Ntotal:繊維長さを測定した総本数
熱可塑性樹脂(A’)がポリフェニレンスルフィドの場合、前記した存在比Rbの測定方法に関する説明で、カルボジイミド化合物(B)を接着性化合物(B’)に、炭素繊維(C)を強化繊維(C’)に、R(≦500nm)をR’(≦500nm)に、R(>500nm)をR’(>500nm)に、それぞれ読み替えることにより、存在比Rbの測定方法と同様にして、存在比Rb’を測定した。
(PPS-1)融点285℃、質量平均分子量30,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量0.5質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(PPS-2)融点285℃、質量平均分子量45,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量0.5質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(PPS-3)融点285℃、質量平均分子量55,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量0.5質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(PPS-4)融点285℃、質量平均分子量45,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量3.0質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(CDI-1)脂肪族ポリカルボジイミド「“カルボジライト(登録商標)”HMV-8CA(日清紡ケミカル社製)」(カルボジイミド基当量278、質量平均分子量3,000)
(CDI-2)芳香族ポリカルボジイミド「“スタバクゾール(登録商標)”P(ラインケミー社製)」(質量平均分子量4,000)
(CDI-3)芳香族ポリカルボジイミド「“スタバクゾール(登録商標)”P400(ラインケミー社製)」(質量平均分子量20,000)
(CF-1)ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする共重合体を用いて、紡糸、焼成処理、および表面酸化処理を行うことによって、総単糸数12,000本の連続した炭素繊維ストランドを得た。この炭素繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:4,900MPa
引張弾性率:240GPa
引張伸度:2%
比重:1.8
単糸直径:7μm
表面酸素濃度比[O/C]:0.12
(CF-2)ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする共重合体を用いて、紡糸、焼成処理、および表面酸化処理を行うことによって、総単糸数12,000本の連続した炭素繊維ストランドを得た。この炭素繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:4,900MPa
引張弾性率:230GPa
引張伸度:2%
比重:1.8
単糸直径:7μm
表面酸素濃度比[O/C]:0.06
(GF-1)E-Glass製、総単糸数1,600本の連続したガラス繊維ストランド
このガラス繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:3,400MPa
引張弾性率:72GPa
引張伸度:3%
比重:2.6
単糸直径:13μm
(SZ-1)グリセロールトリグリシジルエーテル(和光純薬工業社製)
質量平均分子量:260
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:3
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:87
(SZ-2)ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:340
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:2
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:170
(SZ-3)(3-グリシジルオキシプロピル)トリエトキシシラン(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:278
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:1
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:278
(SZ-4)ポリアクリル酸(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:2,000
1分子当たりのカルボキシル基数:27
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:74
(SZ-5)ポリビニルアルコール(和光純薬工業社製)
質量平均分子量:22,000
1分子当たりの水酸基数:500
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:44
(SZ-6)ポリエチレンイミン(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:2,000
1分子当たりのアミノ基数:47
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:43
(強化繊維-1)ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする共重合体を用いて、紡糸、焼成処理、および表面酸化処理を行うことによって、総単糸数12,000本の連続した炭素繊維ストランドを得た。この炭素繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:4,900MPa
引張弾性率:240GPa
引張伸度:2%
比重:1.8
単糸直径:7μm
表面酸素濃度比[O/C]:0.12
(強化繊維-2)ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする共重合体を用いて、紡糸、焼成処理、および表面酸化処理を行うことによって、総単糸数12,000本の連続した炭素繊維ストランドを得た。この炭素繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:4,900MPa
引張弾性率:230GPa
引張伸度:2%
比重:1.8
単糸直径:7μm
表面酸素濃度比[O/C]:0.06
(強化繊維-3)E-Glass製、総単糸数1,600本の連続したガラス繊維ストランド
この強化繊維の特性は次に示す通りであった。
引張強度:3,400MPa
引張弾性率:72GPa
引張伸度:3%
比重:2.6
単糸直径:13μm
(接着性化合物-1)脂肪族ポリカルボジイミド“カルボジライト(登録商標)”HMV-8CA(日清紡ケミカル社製)」(カルボジイミド基当量278、質量平均分子量3,000)
(接着性化合物-2)芳香族ポリカルボジイミド“スタバクゾール(登録商標)”P(ラインケミー社製)」(質量平均分子量4,000)
(接着性化合物-3)芳香族ポリカルボジイミド“スタバクゾール(登録商標)”P400(ラインケミー社製)」(質量平均分子量20,000)
(接着性化合物-4)N,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(和光純薬工業社製)(カルボジイミド基当量206、質量平均分子量206)
(熱可塑性樹脂-1)融点285℃、質量平均分子量30,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量0.5質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(熱可塑性樹脂-2)融点285℃、質量平均分子量45,000、酸末端品、クロロホルム抽出量0.5質量%のポリフェニレンスルフィド
(熱可塑性樹脂-3)ポリカーボネート“ユーピロン(登録商標)”H-4000(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製)(ガラス転移温度145℃、質量平均分子量34,500)
(E-1)グリセロールトリグリシジルエーテル(和光純薬工業社製)
質量平均分子量:260
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:3
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:87
(E-2)ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:340
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:2
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:170
(E-3)(3-グリシジルオキシプロピル)トリエトキシシラン(SIGMA-ALDRICH社製)
質量平均分子量:278
1分子当たりのエポキシ基数:1
質量平均分子量を1分子当たりのカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基、エポキシ基、水酸基の総数で除した値:278
(E-4)攪拌機、温度計、冷却コンデンサーを備えた300mlセパラブルフラスコ中に、2,4-トルエンジイソシアネート(2,4-TDI)80モル部と2,6-トルエンジイソシアネート(2,6-TDI)20モル部の混合物(商品名:TDI 80、三井東圧化学(株)製)22.4g(0.128モル)、フェニルイソシアネート(PhI)2.20g(0.0756モル、TDI100モル部に対し14モル部)、乾燥トルエン110mlを窒素雰囲気中に装入し、撹拌しながら均一に溶解した。次に、重合溶媒と同じ溶媒1mlに希釈した3-メチル-1-フェニル-2-ホスホレン-1-オキシド触媒0.0913g(0.000475モル、0.37%/TDI)を添加し、撹拌しながら内温を110℃まで昇温した。昇温とともに二酸化炭素の発生が多くなり、内温が80℃をこえたあたりから特に激しく二酸化炭素の発生が観察された。内温が110℃に達してから3.5時間重合させた。重合終了後、室温まで冷却し、透明なカルボジイミド共重合体(15質量%、ポリスチレン換算質量平均分子量3,000)を得た。この溶液をさらにトルエンで10質量%まで希釈し、E-4を含んだサイジング母液を得た。(特許文献5(特開平5-311069号公報)の実施例1に記載のサイジング剤と同一のサイジング剤)
(E-5)N,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(和光純薬工業社製)(カルボジイミド基当量206、質量平均分子量206)
表1に示すPAS(A)、カルボジイミド化合物(B)、炭素繊維(C)、サイジング剤(D)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化樹脂組成物からなる射出成形品を得た。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表1に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)の成分として、脂肪族カルボジイミドであるCDI-1の代わりに芳香族カルボジイミド化合物であるCDI-2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表1に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)の成分として、脂肪族カルボジイミドであるCDI-1の代わりに芳香族カルボジイミド化合物であるCDI-3に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表1に記載した。
炭素繊維(C)をCF-1の代わりにCF-2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-2に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)を含まない以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-3に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
炭素繊維(C)であるCF-2の代わりに、ガラス繊維であるGF-1を用い、サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-3に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、比較例4と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、比較例5と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、比較例6と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、比較例7と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-4に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-5に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)をSZ-1の代わりにSZ-6に変更した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表2に記載した。
PAS(A)をPPS-1の代わりにPPS-2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表3に記載した。
PAS(A)をPPS-1の代わりにPPS-3に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表3に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例6と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表3に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表3に記載した。
PAS(A)をPPS-1の代わりにPPS-4に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表3に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)の付着量を炭素繊維(C)100質量部に対して1質量部としたまま、炭素繊維(C)の割合がPAS(A)100質量部に対して15質量部になるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表4に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)の付着量を炭素繊維(C)100質量部に対して1質量部としたまま、炭素繊維(C)の割合がPAS(A)100質量部に対して45質量部になるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表4に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表4に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)を含まない以外は、実施例10と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表4に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)の付着量を炭素繊維(C)100質量部に対して1質量部としたまま、炭素繊維(C)の割合がPAS(A)100質量部に対して400質量部になるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製しようとしたところ、二軸押出機のシリンダー内での詰まりが生じ、繊維強化樹脂組成物を得ることができなかった。組成比を表4に記載した。
カルボジイミド化合物(B)の割合がPAS(A)100質量部に対して20質量部になるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、試験片を作製しようとしたところ、射出成形機の計量不良により成形することができなかった。組成比を表4に記載した。
サイジング剤(D)で表面処理をした炭素繊維(C)を得る工程において、サイジング剤(D)を含む水系のサイジング母液の濃度を40質量%とし、乾燥後のサイジング剤(D)の付着量を、炭素繊維(C)100質量部に対して20質量部とした以外は、実施例4と同様の方法で、試験片を作製し、各評価に供した。評価結果を表4に記載した。
表5に示す強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化複合材料を得た。
表5に示す強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化複合材料を得た。
強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を表5に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例11と同様にして各種評価用の試験片を作製した。作製した試験片を用いて、繊維強化複合材料中に含まれる強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長、繊維強化複合材料の接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’、および繊維強化複合材料の引張試験による引張強度を測定した。得られた結果を表5にまとめて示す。
表6に示す強化繊維(C’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化複合材料を得た。
強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を表6に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例11と同様にして各種評価用の試験片を作製した。作製した試験片を用いて、繊維強化複合材料中に含まれる強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長、繊維強化複合材料の接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’、および繊維強化複合材料の引張試験による引張強度を測定した。得られた結果を表6に示す。
表6に示す強化繊維(C’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化複合材料を得た。
表6に示す強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を用いて、以下の手順により繊維強化複合材料を得た。
強化繊維(C’)、接着性化合物(B’)、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)を表6に示すように変更したこと以外は、比較例23と同様にして各種評価用の試験片を作製した。作製した試験片を用いて、繊維強化複合材料中に含まれる強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長、繊維強化複合材料の接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’、および繊維強化複合材料の引張試験による引張強度を測定した。得られた結果を表6にまとめて示す。
二軸押出機での溶融混練を、接着性化合物(B’)および熱可塑性樹脂(A’)をメインフィードし、強化繊維(C’)からなるチョップドストランドをサイドフィードすることに代えて、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)をメインフィードし、強化繊維(C’)からなるチョップドストランドおよび接着性化合物(B’)をサイドフィードすることに変更したこと以外は、実施例12と同様にして各種評価用の試験片を作製した。作製した試験片を用いて、繊維強化複合材料中に含まれる強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長、繊維強化複合材料の接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’、および繊維強化複合材料の引張試験による引張強度を測定した。得られた結果を表6にまとめて示す。
二軸押出機での溶融混練を、接着性化合物(B’)および熱可塑性樹脂(A’)をメインフィードし、強化繊維(C’)からなるチョップドストランドをサイドフィードすることに代えて、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)および強化繊維(C’)からなるチョップドストランドをメインフィードし、接着性化合物(B’)をサイドフィードすることに変更したこと以外は、実施例12と同様にして各種評価用の試験片を作製した。作製した試験片を用いて、繊維強化複合材料中に含まれる強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長、繊維強化複合材料の接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’、および繊維強化複合材料の引張試験による引張強度を測定した。得られた結果を表6にまとめて示す。
2 炭素繊維(C)表面の硫黄元素濃度が低い領域
3 炭素繊維(C)の断面
4 炭素繊維(C)の断面
5 領域(T1)
6 領域(T2)
7 炭素繊維(C)の断面円;炭素繊維(C)と領域(T1)との境界線
8 炭素繊維(C)の断面円から外側に向かう法線の一例
9 炭素繊維(C)の断面円の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円;領域(T1)と領域(T2)の境界線
10 領域(T1)から外側に向かう法線の一例
11 領域(T1)の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円;領域(T2)の境界線
12 強化繊維単糸
13 強化繊維(C’)周辺500nm以内の領域
14 強化繊維(C’)周辺500nmより外側の領域
15 強化繊維(C’)からの長さ
Claims (25)
- ポリアリーレンスルフィド(A)とカルボジイミド化合物(B)と炭素繊維(C)を含有し、かつ、前記炭素繊維(C)がサイジング剤(D)で表面処理されている繊維強化樹脂組成物であって、前記カルボジイミド化合物(B)が脂肪族カルボジイミド化合物であって、前記サイジング剤(D)がカルボキシル基、アミノ基、水酸基およびエポキシ基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を1分子中に3個以上有する化合物であり、成分(A)100質量部に対して、成分(B)を0.1~10質量部、成分(C)を10~300質量部含有し、成分(C)100質量部に対して、成分(D)を0.01~5質量部含有する、繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記サイジング剤(D)を構成する化合物は、その質量平均分子量を1分子中の前記官能基の数で除した値が40~150である、請求項1に記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記サイジング剤(D)を構成する化合物が脂肪族化合物である、請求項1または2に記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記サイジング剤(D)を構成する化合物が3官能以上の脂肪族エポキシ樹脂である、請求項1または2に記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記炭素繊維(C)は、X線光電子分光法(XPS)で測定される表面酸素濃度比O/Cが0.05~0.50である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記脂肪族カルボジイミド化合物は、その質量平均分子量が500~10,000である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリアリーレンスルフィド(A)は、その質量平均分子量が10,000~40,000である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリアリーレンスルフィド(A)は、クロロホルムによるオリゴマー抽出量が2質量%以下である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- エネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)で測定される硫黄濃度比S/Cが下記式を満たす、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
10(%) ≦ ΔS = (S2-S1)/S2 × 100 ≦ 70(%)
(ここで、ΔSは前記成分(C)の軸心方向に直交する断面で見た硫黄元素濃度の勾配であり、S1は前記成分(C)の断面円の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円の内側から前記成分(C)を除いた領域(T1)の硫黄濃度比S/Cであり、S2は前記領域(T1)の外側に法線方向に500nmの距離で引いた円の内側から前記成分(C)と前記領域(T1)を除いた領域(T2)の硫黄濃度比S/Cである。) - 前記領域(T2)におけるエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)で測定される硫黄濃度比S/Cが0.1~0.2である、請求項9に記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物が成形されてなる、成形品。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物を用いた繊維強化複合材料であって、式(1)で示されるカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在比Rbが1.2以上である、繊維強化複合材料。
Rb=R(≦500nm)/R(>500nm)・・・式(1)
R(≦500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nm以内のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量
R(>500nm):炭素繊維(C)周辺500nmより外側のカルボジイミド化合物(B)の存在量 - 熱可塑性樹脂(A’)、接着性化合物(B’)および強化繊維(C’)を含有し、かつ、前記接着性化合物(B’)がカルボジイミド構造、ウレア構造およびウレタン構造からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を1分子内に2個以上有する化合物であり、熱可塑性樹脂(A’)が主鎖の繰返し単位構造中に炭素以外の元素を含む熱可塑性樹脂であり、式(1’)で示される接着性化合物(B’)の存在比Rb’が1.2以上である、繊維強化複合材料。
Rb’=R’(≦500nm)/R’(>500nm)・・・式(1’)
R’(≦500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nm以内の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量
R’(>500nm):強化繊維(C’)周辺500nmより外側の接着性化合物(B’)の存在量 - 前記存在比Rb’が1.5以上である、請求項13に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記接着性化合物(B’)は、その質量平均分子量が500~10,000である、請求項13または14に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記接着性化合物(B’)が、ポリカルボジイミドである、請求項13~15のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記接着性化合物(B’)が脂肪族ポリカルボジイミドである、請求項13~15のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A’)がポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリアリーレンスルフィド、ポリアミド、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルケトンおよびポリエーテルエーテルケトンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項13~17のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A’)がポリアリーレンスルフィドである、請求項13~17のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A’)がカルボキシル基、水酸基およびアミノ基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を分子中に少なくとも1個有する熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項13~19のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂(A’)は、その質量平均分子量が10,000~80,000である、請求項13~20のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂組成物。
- 前記強化繊維(C’)が、カルボキシル基、水酸基、アミノ基およびエポキシ基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を1分子内に2個以上有する化合物が付着した強化繊維である、請求項13~21のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記強化繊維(C’)の数平均繊維長が0.1~50mmである、請求項13~22のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記強化繊維(C’)が炭素繊維である、請求項13~23のいずれかに記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記炭素繊維は、X線光電子分光法(XPS)で測定される表面酸素濃度比O/Cが0.05~0.50である、請求項24に記載の繊維強化複合材料。
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EP4067426A4 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2023-12-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN MOLDED MATERIAL |
Also Published As
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TW201522429A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
US20160264740A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
EP3064551A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
CN105683293A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
KR20160079806A (ko) | 2016-07-06 |
EP3064551A4 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
CN105683293B (zh) | 2017-09-29 |
EP3064551B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
US10308775B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
TW201841997A (zh) | 2018-12-01 |
TWI667269B (zh) | 2019-08-01 |
TWI633130B (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
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